1. Confrontation with Islam

2. Muslim armies could not overpower
Constantinople
• Constantinople was the capital of Byzantine
Empire

3. 3 reasons Constantinople could not be
defeated
1. It was located on easily defended point
It was surrounded by water on two sides
and rugged terrain on the other

5. 2. City walls were thick and extensive

6. 3. Had Greek fire, which was chemical mixture
that burned on impact and spread when doused
with water

7. Battle of Tours
• Stopped the advancement of the Muslims in
Europe
• European troops were led by Charles Martel
• He is called “the Hammer”

9. Charles Martel