On Going research on Problems Faced In smart grid in general. Yet Work is in progress Just a light notes on General issues in smart grid, Technically work is to be on target in smart grid.

1. What are the problems faced in
smart grid in general?
ResearchWork On Going
Presented By
Aimal Khan Achakzai
Supervised by Dr. Imtaiz Alam
Department of Electrical Power Engineering
Bahria University Islamabad
October 4, 2018

2. What is the Smart Grid?
An advanced, telecommunication / electric grid with sensors and
smart devices linking all aspects of the grid, from generator to
consumer, and delivering enhanced operational capabilities that:
 Provide CONSUMERS with the information and tools necessary to be
responsive to electricity grid conditions (including price and reliability)
through the use of electric devices and new services (from smart
thermostats to PHEV)
 Ensure EFFICIENT use of the electric grid (optimizing current assets
while integrating emerging technologies such as renewables and
storage devices)
 Enhance RELIABILITY (protecting the grid from cyber and natural
attacks, increasing power quality and promoting early detection and
self correcting grid “self-healing” )
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3. Smart Grid …
Sensing and Measurement
Advanced Sensors
Remote Monitoring of
Expensive Equipment
(e.g. Transformers)
Smart Meters
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4. Smart Grid …
Integrated Communications
Examples:
Powerline
Broadband over Powerline (BPL)
Cellular
Radio Frequency (RF)
Satellite
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5. Smart Grid …
Advanced Control
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6. Smart Meter Platform and Home Area Network
Technologies will take EE and
DR to New Levels
HAN communication
SmartMeter communication
…Giving customers
the tools and the
know-how to be
smarter energy
consumers
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7. Why to Make Smart Grid
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8. Why Do We Need A Smarter Grid?
(Grid Modernization)
 Utilities are facing major challenges:
 Infrastructure investment needs--$1.5-2Trillion
 Climate change other environmental issues
 Energy independence
 Cyber-security
 A smarter grid will enable utilities to:
 Empower customers to control and optimize their energy usage
 Rely on greater amounts of distributed generation—wind, solar, etc.
 Use electricity as a fuel for vehicles
 Enhance the reliability and efficiency of the power grid
 Provide the framework and foundation for future economic growth
 Increasing demand for energy and electricity
 Moving towards and environmentally friendlier energy mix (Lower carbon emissions, more renewable energy) ie reduce
our impact on green house gases.
 Volatile energy prices and critical energy losses
 Emerging large regional transmission networks
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9. Transformational Technology
 Game ChangingTechnology that WillTransform
the Industry
 New Customer Relationships
 Greater and Better Customer Energy Control
 New Businesses / Strategic Partnerships
 New Market Participants
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10. Energy’s Critical Role in Smart Cities
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Clearly defined interconnection
standards make it easy for residents
to plug solar and wind into the grid.
Automation equipment
can execute protection
schemes in microseconds,
minimizing outages.
Automated outage
management detects
disturbances and isolates
areas before they create a
cascading blackout.
The communications
network that connects
smart meters can often
be used for other city
purposes.
Visualization and analytics
provide full situational
awareness of what is going on
with the electric power and gas
systems.
Smart meters on every
home and building give
residents and the utility
invaluable information
about energy use, leading
to greater efficiency,
improved reliability and
cost savings.
Alternative energy
reduces the need for
fossil-fuel generation.
Electrical Vehicles (EVs) reduce fossil
fuel consumption and increase energy
independence. They can fortify the grid
and increase the integration of
renewable energy
Slide

11. Aspects Influences Smart grid
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12. Smart Grid
Implementation Challenges
 Asset Management: Aging Infrastructure, Reliability, Grid Hardening
 Weather and Security (Physical & Cyber)
 Distributed Resources, Microgrids, Electric Vehicles
 Demand Side Innovations
 Environmental Needs
 Plant Retirements and Natural Gas Usage and Electrical Interdependency
 Competitive Transmission
 Complex grid structures require "Smart Grid" solutions
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13. Cont.
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14.  There is tremendous and growing pushback from
customers and regulators to the smart meter. It focuses
on
 Accuracy of meters
 Health concerns: Radio Frequency Exposure
 Who decides whether a meter should be installed?
 Cost of installation
 Access to information: privacy intrusion
 Impact “at risk” customers
 Dynamic pricing
 Customers are not seeing immediate benefits
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15.  Smart Grid Investments
• Transmission made smarter
with enhanced monitoring,
protection & control
• Distribution transformed with
automation & feeder optimization
• Demand response w/smart meters
• Utility grade battery storage
 Enabling micro grids adoption, "behind the meter“ distributed energy resources, and
Electrical Vehicle requires a robust, hybrid T&D grid – Grid connection required for
reliability and market reach
 Smart Cities - How will electrical system help improve the livability, workability and
sustainability
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Geothermal
Biomass
MSW/LFG
Wind
Solar
Conventional
hydropower
2000 2010 2020 2030 2040
2012History Projections600
500
400
300
200
100
0

16. Security Concerns In Smart Grid
 Security of Power Grid and Smart Grid
 •Traditionally security to power system means – to
withstand unexpected disturbances • Such as short circuit •
Loss of a power system component such asTransmission line
• In today’s world security focus has expanded to include •
disturbances due to overloading or unexpected causes •
Physical attacks or • Cyber attack
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17. Biggest concern: security and privacy
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18. Industrial Challenges across various dimensions
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19.  Smart Grid: use automated meters, two-way
communications: between a power consumer and provider
and advanced sensors
 Some types of meters can be hacked
 Hacker: gain control of thousands, even millions, of meters
increase or decrease the demand for power
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Hacking Challenges

20.  Increasing demand for energy and electricity
 Its is estimated that Energy demand will grow by 55%
between 2005 and 2030
 Volatile energy prices and critical energy losses
 An inefficient energy with 2/3 of primary energy loss, mostly
due to power conversion
 Between 7% and 16% of the electricity generated is lost on
the networks
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Electrical Demand Increases challenges in
Smart Grid

21.  Emerging large regional transmission networks
 Leading to difficulties in coping with increase network complexity
 Reliability and quality
 Ensure security of supply, reliability of the network and quality of
the electricity delivered
 Stability, Monitor oscillations and manage the network to prevent
blackouts and maximize availability of power
 Environmental concerns, Provide clean energy (CO2 free) and
reduce environmental impact
 Market efficiency 21
Some other challenges

22.  Lack of recognition or rewards on operational efficiency
 Customer concerns over privacy and transfer of data without
their knowledge,
 Fair distribution of electricity demand
 Social concerns over information abuses
 People are concerns on extra control of electricity that
government have
 Customers are concerns on computer security
 Malware and hacker threats
Some other challenges

23.  Utilities hard to justify for investment on smart grid • Problem over
intermittent RE source – e.g. weather • Outdate and old existing
electrical facilities
 Set up tools and processes to fully enable energy markets
 Enable customers / end-users dynamic participation
ThankYou
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Some other challenges