Data Structure

1. Algorithms & Data Structures
Ust. Khalid Bana

2. Data structures
We have already learned how groups of sequential data
can be used in C++
But this is somewhat restrictive, since in many occasions
what we want to store are not mere sequences of
elements all of the same data type , but sets
of different elements with different data types.

3. Data structures ( Cont… )
A data structure is a group of data elements grouped
together under one name
These data elements, known as members , can
have different types and different lengths

4. What about data structures
Structure: how data is organized
 Place data continue
 Place data here and there with “links”
 Place data with “formula”

5. What about algorithms
 Algorithms: how to access data for a result
 Scan data sequentially
 Scan data according to the sequence of a structure
 Scan data with “formula”
 Algorithms: how to provide a smart solution

6. Basic data types – the simplest data structure
Basic data types a language supports:
 Integer, float, double, char, Boolean , String

7. Basic Data structures
 A single datum in one of the basic types
 A structure is a combination of the basic types

8. Data
Structure
Advance
D.S
Main D.S

9. Main D.S
Array
Record
Set
File

10. Advance D.S
stack
Queue
Double
ended queue
Tree

11. Different Between
 Data
 Information
 Knowledge
 Experience
 Expert System

12.  Data
‫الحالي‬ ‫الوقت‬ ‫في‬ ‫مفهومة‬ ‫وغير‬ ‫معالجتها‬ ‫تتم‬ ‫لم‬ ‫خام‬ ‫بيانات‬ ‫عن‬ ‫عبارة‬
 Information
‫قيمة‬ ‫ولديها‬ ‫معالجتها‬ ‫تمت‬ ‫بيانات‬ ‫عن‬ ‫عبارة‬
 Knowledge
‫الـــــــ‬ ‫من‬ ‫مجموعة‬ ‫عن‬ ‫عبارة‬Information

13.  Experience
‫الـــــــ‬ ‫من‬ ‫مجموعة‬ ‫عن‬ ‫عبارة‬Knowledge
 Expert System
‫الـــــــ‬ ‫من‬ ‫مجموعة‬ ‫عن‬ ‫عبارة‬
Decision Support System & Data Mining
‫البيانات‬ ‫وتنقيب‬ ‫القرار‬ ‫دعم‬ ‫نظم‬

14. Search
(1)
 Set
 File
 Record

15. Data structures
‫لكثرة‬ ‫انشاؤها‬ ‫تم‬ ‫طريقة‬ ‫هي‬‫البيانات‬(Data)‫كل‬ ‫في‬ ‫المستخدمة‬‫المجاالت‬
‫لزاما‬ ‫فكان‬‫وتنظيمها‬ ‫هيكلتها‬ ‫علينا‬‫لمعرفة‬‫للبيانات‬ ‫الوصول‬ ‫كيفية‬
‫بالطرق‬‫االسهل‬‫واالدق‬.

16. What the different between :
Program & Algorithm ?
 Program
Syntax (Machine Languages)
 Algorithm
Semantic (Natural Languages ) or ( Human Languages)

17. Algorithm
‫تؤدي‬ ‫والتي‬ ‫منطقي‬ ‫تسلسل‬ ‫المتسلسة‬ ‫الخطوات‬ ‫من‬ ‫مجموعه‬ ‫عبارة‬ ‫هي‬
‫معينة‬ ‫مشكلة‬ ‫حل‬ ‫الي‬.
‫التالية‬ ‫الخطوات‬ ‫اتباع‬ ‫يجب‬ ‫الحاسوب‬ ‫في‬ ‫مشكلة‬ ‫اي‬ ‫ولحل‬:
1-‫اي‬ ‫المشكلة‬ ‫تعريف‬(‫فهمها‬)‫مدخالت‬ ‫وتحديد‬‫ومخرجات‬‫المشكلة‬ ‫هذه‬.
2-‫المشكلة‬ ‫لحل‬ ‫تؤدي‬ ‫التي‬ ‫المطلوبة‬ ‫العمليات‬ ‫تحديد‬.
3-‫الناتج‬ ‫وايجاد‬ ‫المشكلة‬ ‫لحل‬ ‫الحاسوب‬ ‫في‬ ‫البرنامج‬ ‫ادخال‬ ، ‫التنفيذ‬.

18. ‫الخوارزميات‬ ‫في‬ ‫تتوفر‬ ‫التي‬ ‫المواصفات‬:
1- Input (less value 0 )
2- Output (less value 1)
3- Instruction
4- End ( Number of Steps )

19. The Relationship between Algorithms & Data
structure :-
‫الكائنات‬ ‫دمج‬ ‫نتيجة‬ ‫هي‬ ‫البيانات‬ ‫هياكل‬(Objects )‫الخوارزميات‬ ‫مع‬
What is the Object ?
Anything is an Object
Any Object Has :
 Attributes ‫خصائص‬
 Functions ‫أفعال‬

20. ‫االنسيابية‬ ‫المخططات‬ ‫أشكال‬:
Identify the meaning of the these shapes

21. Basics of java
Reading…
 Structure of a program .
 Variables. Data Types .
 Basic Input/output .

22. Control Structures
 Conditional structure: if and else .
 Iteration structures (loops) : The for loop , do-while
 Functions .

23. END