Low to Zero Cost sustainable water purification system

1. Intel Confidential
Simple water purification
‘Water for all’
Jan-Feb 2013
‘Clean, safe drinking water is the foundation of life. Yet today,
all around the world, far too many people spend their entire
day searching for it, or die from inability to access it’
Scope Trichy

2. Intel Confidential2
How it began – the plan
Initial collaborations and feasibility assessments
Final work

3. Intel Confidential3
Case for project:
The need for Clean WaterA global problem
• 4,500 children die each day world-wide due to the lack of clean, safe drinking water. 1 out of every 5 deaths under the age of 5
worldwide is due to a water-related disease.
• 884 million people lack access to safe water supplies; approximately 1 in 8 people.
• The water and sanitation crisis claims more lives through disease than any war claims through guns
• Every 20 seconds, a child dies from a water-related disease. Diarrhea, not AIDS, malaria or measles, is the leading cause of death
among children under the age of 5 in Samburu, Kenya
• Nearly 80% of illness in developing countries is linked to poor water and sanitation conditions.
• Investment in safe drinking water and sanitation contributes to economic growth. The estimated return is between $3-34 for each $1
invested.
• Clean drinking water is the first need in disaster affected regions of the developed world post hurricane, tornadoes, earthquake to
prevent secondary deaths from water borne diseases
The local issues
• General bacterial content in water cause numerous health issues in the districts in question and remains a major issue for most of rural
India in general
• Urban slums face the same issue, often due to shortage of deep wells
• Indian Govt provides free water testing center, but for 3 districts Srikakulam, Vishakapatnam and Vijayanagaram the water testing is
available only in Vizag city – 3-4 h away from the region in question
• Lack of awareness: people are not aware about the advantages of boiled water even at the time of illnesses -- many families do not boil
water even for a sick child
Statistics courtesy: The water project, The Samburu project
Most water purification and clean water projects globally focus on digging deep wells and tube
wells.
Need for a solution that is portable, accessible anywhere and not resource intensive remains
unaddressed.

4. Intel Confidential4
Project Proposal
The solution we propose
• Killing of bacteria can be achieved effectively by water pasteurization (heating water to above 65 degrees
centigrade – often no need to boil)
• Solar energy is readily available (especially in most developing countries due to geographical location nearing
equator or tropics) and free to all
• Plastic and glass bottles are readily available waste material (from drinking water bottles, soft drinks etc) creating
environmental hazard and waste disposal issues
• In India (and many other developing countries) recycling stands for re-using (not done through city/town
endeavors, local people collect and re-sale bottles, metal scraps and newspapers for livelihood)
Need innovation to convert trash to much needed treasure
• solar water distillation (using ultraviolet rays of the sun to penetrate water in transparent water
bottles)
 Can be implemented by anyone anywhere
 Is zero cost
 Raw materials (plastic/ glass bottles) available
in slums in urban areas, rural villages, disaster
zones debris (e.g. earthquake, tsunami, flood,
hurricanes), refugee camps and other such
possible high need areas
 Easy proliferation to anywhere: variation
prototypes can be created with minimal
training
 Removes unwanted waste and adds value to
common waste commodities
Magnifier made of
household broken
glass items
Bottle or other
container(broken or
whole)
Schematic only, actual Rev0 device pic not included

5. Intel Confidential5
Impact and proliferation
Local community
• Villages in question in the districts of Southern India
• Other rural areas through collaboration with local NGOs (AID India has presence and ongoing activities in
several regions)
• Urban slums in India (training and distribution through appropriate channels)
World
• Develop collaboration with activists and organizations working in high need areas on clean water project
especially in sub-Saharan Africa to proliferate
• Share learning and knowledge with global organizations (e.g. Red Cross, WHO)
• Proliferate to refugee camps in conflict affected areas zones
• Proliferate to disaster zones – e.g. Tornado, Hurricane, Flood affected regions in US
Intel
• High visibility for Intel on successful implementation and proliferation for intent, effort and impact
towards one of most important problems faced by the world today

6. Intel Confidential6
Project Highlights:
• Project Title: Water for all
• Project Overview: Clean drinking water remains the most basic, yet unattainable commodity to majority of
the developing (and sometimes the developed) world. The project goal is to innovate, test, implement and
proliferate a zero cost, effective water purification device based on the concept developed by grassroots
workers in Srikakulam village in Andhra Pradesh India.
• Project steps and goals/success criteria for 2012
a) Establish collaboration and exchange of information between Srikakulam village and ASU through Intel
Chandler and AID Tempe
b) Collect data through testing samples over multiple villages on pathogens and contaminants
c) Discuss effectiveness of models based on Srikakulam concept with mentor(s) from ASU School of
Sustainability.
d) Improve prototypes based on ASU mentorship, Innovate based on data collected on ground using ASU
mentorship expertise (Note: mentorship model can also be possibly supplemented with
testing/experimentation if needed in ASU research facilities: Discussion ongoing with ASU)
e) Create hardened prototypes in villages for testing in ground
f) Repeat (re-iterations until prefect).
g) Provide training to locals
h) Patent and proliferate to other local and global NGOs working on water purification (e.g. Africa and disaster
jones in US with imminent need)
• Project Budget: The overall budget of this project is estimated at $8320 ( break-up in next slide). Asking SIA
for $6320 (excluding ASU facility charges. Discussion ongoing to secure ASU school of sustainability grant
funding for ASU on campus test and research).

7. Intel Confidential7
Project partners and roles
Intel Chandler (Applicant) Tanushree Ghosh
• Initiates and facilitates discussion between all the partners involved (listed here)
• Reviews and approves action plan, approves budget for line items as per SIA funding and directive
• Involves in generating visibility for project and Intel
• Initiates patenting, IP control if applicable
• Brings in proliferation opportunities by researching and initiating collaborations with other local (US) and global NGOs
Dr. Ravi Kuchimanchi (AID Chennai, India volunteer working in Srikakulam)
• Serves as the project co-ordinator India
• Appoints other head counts needed in India
• Oversees day to day project activities
- Collection an testing of water samples
- Building purification devices and testing of water post purification
- Mobilizing and training villagers
• Sends update reports to AID Tempe
• Maintains regular collaboration with ASU for mentorship
ASU Department of Sustainability Studies
• Provides mentorship and knowhow
• Facilitates use of research facilities if needed
for testing
AID Tempe (The Arizona chapter of AID based in ASU, Tempe)
AID Tempe volunteers assigned for assisting with this project as the project contact point with India team at
Srikakulam (Nagendran Ranjan) and ASU (Prasun Mahanti)
• Tracks project progress through regular reports from Srikakulam
• Provides additional support to sustain facilitation of interaction between ASU group and Srikakulam village based
workers
• Facilitates exchange of samples/ prototypes as needed between ASU and Srikakulam workers

8. Intel Confidential8
Initial case studies and feasibility assessments with ASU, final team selection
• Prof Mark Henderson (ASU, Global resolve) and Prof Kiril Hristovski bought in as key mentors and consultants
• Assessment meetings based on Prof Kiril’s research and ground water sample collections held to understand
merits and de-merits of UV purification devices and applicability to case in India
• Project partner on ground changed to Scope Trichy – on ground volunteers identified (Scope Trichy ), work
proposed to be used for course taught by Mark Henderson at ASU
Graduate Researcher
Md Azizur Rahman:
scholar on ground
‘GlobalResolve was established at ASU in 2006 as a social
entrepreneurship program designed to enhance the educational
experience for interested and qualified ASU students by
involving them in semester-long projects that directly improve
the lives of underprivileged people, and/or those in under-
developed nations throughout the world.
Through GlobalResolve, ASU students and faculty collaborate
with international universities, residents of rural villages, local
governments, financial institutions, and non-governmental
organizations (NGOs) to develop and disseminate no-tech, low-
tech, and high-tech solutions that address pressing public health
or environmental needs of a developing-world population.
Because solutions developed by GlobalResolve are designed to
be replicable locally, regionally, and internationally, the
solutions also create the potential for profitable new business
ventures that generate sustainable income ‘streams for
impacted populations.’
‘Dr. Mark Henderson is Professor of Engineering, Co-
director of a program for trans-disciplinary product
development and entrepreneurship called
InnovationSpace, and Associate Director of the Advanced
Technology Innovation Collaboratory, a product
development center at Arizona State University (ASU). Dr.
Henderson has been instrumental in launching several
global programs including the Nomadic Design Academy,
the Global Product Development Teams, and
GlobalResolve.’
Mark Henderson
Professor
CTI Department
Of Engineering
Kiril Hristovski
Assistant Professor, CTI
Department of
Engineering, College of
Technology and
Innovation
Rimjhim
Aggarwal
Assistant
Professor, School
of Sustainability
Vijay Chariar,
Professor IIT
Delhi,
Visiting
Fullbright
Professor, CTI
ASU

9. Intel Confidential9
Water purification techniques
- feasibility assessment
UV purification – Originally pursued
as the leading option, following
challenges identified based on
previous research and ground
condition
 UV can’t remove inorganic
contaminants
 Organic parasites removed
by UV (no boiling, long
time at 65oC) can also be
removed by straining
(filtration with cloth) as
they are bigger in size
 Absorption and intensity
loss in glass bottles is a
challenge for UV
 Some pathogens can
become active at surface
water when exposed to
warm temperatures to long
duration
Bio filtration - extensive work
has been done by our
collaborator Prof Kiril Hristovski
(ASU Applied Math and Sciences)
in developing portable easy to
make bio-filtration systems
• Can remove organic and inorganic
contaminants
• Made with sand, buckets and bio-
char
• To be made on ground with villagers
and tested – before and after water
samples (Knowledge transfer from
ASU to district villages in India)
• Step 1: Assess availability of raw
materials in rural India
• Step 2: Identify samples to purify
and test
• Method more viable for open well and
muddy water sources – volunteer on
ground will identify villages in district
with problem with muddy water
especially during monsoon
• Step 3: Building water testing
infrastructure – See section below
• Step 4: Start building prototypes
(August 2012)
Solar distillation – Perspiration
process
• Solar still remains most
accessible and cost effective
method for purification
• Solar distillation can go beyond
UV purification (distillation vs.
heating) – removes inorganic
contaminants too
• Prof Kiril Hristovski and Prof Mark
Henderson can research and
brainstorm on possible prototype
to try and make in rural India
with available raw materials to
try solar distillation

10. Intel Confidential10
Water testing – concerns and considerations
• Hydrogen sulfide water testing strips originally identified in budget for
testing
• Low cost -$10, portable, readily available in cities and through Govt
programs, 30 kits – for 30 villages for sample collection
• Not recommended by ASU based on previous research due to inaccuracies
(other sources for Hydrogen Sulfide can confound results, can detect only
E.Coli
• Portable water purification labs are now being considered for testing
(higher accuracy, can detect multiple contaminants, re-usable, operated
with battery – can be used in villages)
• Challenge is cost ($1000-$2000), Not portable – has to be placed in main
operating center and samples collected from different region has to be
brought to be tested, might not be available in cities near rural India
• Coordinator on ground looked into portable lab systems recommended by
ASU groups and assessing feasibility
• Budget might need to be revised and re-allocated to address if water
purification lab purchase is identified to be vital (based on ground testing
using strips)

11. Intel Confidential11
Phase 2 (Final work) : Week by week progress
– On ground and at ASU
Week 1 (Day 1- Day 7) 20 - 26 Sep
• 1. ASU Student Team prepares Survey Questionnaire (Day 1)
• 2. Azizur Rahman / SCOPE Trichy administers Survey Questionnaire and
generates Responses (latest Day 7)
Week 2 (Day 8 - Day 14) 27 Sep - 3 Oct
• 3. ASU team identifies Preliminary set of intervention options (latest Day
10)
• 3. Azizur Rahman travels to Trichy and does does Pre-intervention Water
Quality study and emails ASU Team (latest by Day 14)
Week 3 (Day 15 - Day 21) 4 Oct - 10 Oct
• 4. ASU team suggests (a) (b) (c) options for the Water Quality
Intervention (on or before Day 21)
Week 4 (Day 22 - Day 28) 11 Oct - 17 Oct
• 5. Azizur Rahman makes Water Quality intervention in Trichy (on or
before Day 28)
Week 5 (Day 29 - Day 35) 18 Oct - 24 Oct
• 6. Azizur Rahman makes Post-intervention water quality studies (on or
before Day 35)
Week 6 (Day 36 - Day 42) 25 Oct - 31 Oct
• 7. Video Documentation of Community Response to Improving Drinking
Water Quality (on or before Day 42)
Week 7 (Day 43 - Day 49) 1 Nov - 7 Nov
• 8. ASU Student Team commences writing draft project report (Day 49)
Week 8 (Day 50 - Day 56) 8 Nov - 14 Nov
• Learning from Community experience, Any tests / trials at ASU / IIT Delhi
for fine tuning
Week 9 (Day 57 - Day 63) 15 Nov - 21 Nov
• Finalization of Project Report
Highlights
Community Surveys of Water Quality used by 50 rural
households in Musiri, Trichy, India
Assessment. Ranking & Validation of three Cost-
effective Water Purification Technologies for rural
communities : Trials at Musiri, Trichy, India
Re-Assessment of Cost-Effective Water Purification
Technologies & Fine Tuning
Video of Community use of Water and Sanitation
Facilities
Report of Intervention using efficacious and accessible
technology intervention for water purification

12. Intel Confidential12
The Final prototype
• Based on combination of 3 water purification techniques
 ceramic filter technology
 activated charcoal process (chloride absorbent)
 slow sand filter process (effective against biological contaminants)
• Portable labs used for water testing
• Based on testing on multiple water samples from the region: e.g. bore
well, river (Kaveri) – can purify diverse range of samples, applicable
against organic and inorganic impurities
• Cost effective, made from readily available, often considered ‘waste’
materials – no in-sourcing of materials needed from outside:
 activated charcoal made from coconut shells
 ceramic filter made by earthen pots made with clay infused with rice husk (1:3) ratio
 Slow sand: bucket filled with sand
• Can be made in absence of power (vital for remote rural regions)
https://dl.dropbox.com/u/100634003/SCOPE%20Trichy%20Water%20Project%202012%20V
ideo%20Part%201%20of%202.wmv
https://dl.dropbox.com/u/100634003/SCOPE%20Trichy%20Water%20Project%202012%
20Video%20Part%202%20of%202.wmv
Links to video

13. Intel Confidential13
Step by step guide to making one
• This one can
purify and
store half a
bucket at a
time
• Can be
customized
based on
household
size and
consumption

14. Intel Confidential14
Back-up

15. Intel Confidential15
Water quality and purification budget line items Amount Break up/Comment
Water testing kits for testing water in different regions (understanding contaminants and
pathogens, variation) $300$30 per kit. 10 Kits
Overhead for 4 field workers to collect water samples from villagers, distribute
purification kits, provide training $1,920
$40 per month, per volunteer. For
12 months
Overhead for project co-ordinator (India, AID Chennai) to formulate reports, co-ordinate
ground activity and interact with ASU $3,000$250 per month, for 12 months
Travel budget for local travel (Fuel and maintenance for 4 bikes ) $400
ASU School of sustainability mentorship Zero cost
ASU facility use and overhead charges $2,000
TBD, Discussion ongoing to secure
alternative ASU funding for this
line item (see below) Not
included in total
Infrastructure on ground (new or donated computer equipment, rent for room and
internet charge for one year) $700
Total $6320
“The Walton Family Foundation is providing $27.5 million to Arizona State University’s Global Institute of
Sustainability (GIOS) to develop and deploy promising solutions to sustainability challenges including
energy, water, environment, climate, urbanization, social transformation and decision-making in local,
national and global contexts and to educate future leaders in sustainability.”
http://schoolofsustainability.asu.edu/news/gios-news/asu-to-use-27-5m-walton-investment-to-accelerate-
sustainability-efforts/
Possible funding option for ASU facility use and overhead charges – TBD , in discussion
Initial Budget Break-up proposed

16. Intel Confidential16
http://water.epa.gov/drink/conta
minants/index.cfm
http://www.rsc.org/Publishing/ChemTech/Volume/2009/03/solar_power_kills_bacteria.asp
Solar power decontamination techniques: published results:
Water contaminants and treatment
research CDC and EPA:
http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/page/wa
ter-treatment.htm
Thermal/Solar Water purification: some data (snapshot purpose only,
please visit link for details)

17. Intel Confidential17
About ASU School of Sustainability
Arizona State University’s School of Sustainability focuses on finding real-world solutions to
environmental, economic, and social challenges.
The School of Sustainability takes a transdisciplinary approach in its curriculum, addressing a
broad spectrum of global challenges, including: energy, materials, and technology; water quality
and scarcity; international development; ecosystems; social transformations; food and food
systems; and policy and governance.
The ASU School of Sustainability has a large number of scientists and professors who are
working in the field of potable water resource management .
[ Ref: http://schoolofsustainability.asu.edu/people/scientists-and-scholars.php]
Point of contact for project mentorship and ongoing discussion: Rimjhim Aggarwal
•Senior Sustainability Scientist, Global Institute of Sustainability
•Teaching Faculty, School of Sustainability
•Assistant Professor, School of Sustainability
Rimjhim.Aggarwal@asu.edu
(480) 965-6680
Expertise
resource economics; water conflicts; poverty; water resource
management; agriculture; bioeconomics; climate change impacts;
decisionmaking; economic adaptation and climate change;
econometrics; economic development; economics of ecosystem
services; ecosystem services; environmental policy; urban
development; utilities regulation

18. Intel Confidential18
Principal Investigator : Dr.Ravi Kuchimanchi
Dr.Ravi Kuchimanchi is the founder and life fellow of
Association for India’s Development (A.I.D). After
obtaining a PhD in Particle Physics form the University of
Maryland – College Park, he returned to India to work in
the social sector. As one of the pioneering social
entrepreneurs in India, he has created several successful
social ventures in the areas of – water, accessible power,
social justice and education. Many of these including a
pedal power generator, a haybox cooker and a solar
water purifier have received wide spread recognition. His
life story has also inspired the bollywood movie ‘Swades’.
Ravi has a B.Tech in Civil Engineering from Indian
Institute of Technology, Mumbai and a PhD in Physics
from University of Maryland. He has published several
papers in international physics journals including Physical
Review Letters. His interests and work in physics include
the Strong CP Problem, Neutrino masses, Family
triplication, Supersymmetry, Parity-symmetric theories
as well as the intriguing nature of Quantum Mechanics.
In 1989 while a graduate student, along with a friend, he
obtained a US patent for a toy-puzzle that was featured
by NY Times and several Television channels in USA.
• Times of India – Social Impact Award –
Global Contributions to India – 2011 –
awarded by Prime Minister
Dr.Manmohan Singh.
• Guest speak at Intel AZ sponsored by
Intel India employee group, 2009 on
Social Enterprises – challenges and
opportunity.

19. Intel Confidential19
SCOPE TRICHY
‘Society for Community Organization and People’s Education (SCOPE) is a voluntary agency
established and registered under the PUBLIC TRUST ACT on the 7th day of February 1986. SCOPE
has also registered itself with the Home Ministry of India as per the requirements of the Foreign
Contribution Regulation Act (FCRA) 1976 under the No. 076040096.’
OBJECTIVE/PURPOSE OF FORMATION
a) To undertake educational work on prohibition, atrocities against
women. National integration and eradication of caste system.
b) To assist small and marginal farmers to adopt soil conservation
and water management activities with special emphasis on
wasteland development and to encourage them to learn and
practice appropriate technology in the field of agriculture and
animal husbandry.
c) To form people’s organization in all the operating villages to
critically analyze their situation and mobilize their resources for
their collective action for social change.
d) To educate people in preventive health aspects and to start mini-
health centers to provide medical facilities to the villagers.
e) To propagate the principles of co-operative system and to
encourage to start as many Cooprative Societies for overall
economic development of rural poor with special emphasis on
village artisans.
http://www.scopetrichy.com/