Turkey's History Since 1945 Outline

Samuel Stone
Dr. Edwards
History Since 1945
Outline for Final Paper
12-4-2015
Introduction: (1-2 Pgs.)
· Start by introducing overall brief description of what the paper
will cover and the order that the paper will follow
· Explain in more detail about the exact time period that it will
cover and the overall objective of the paper as a whole.
Background/History: (1-2 Pgs.)
· Discuss significance of the Republic of Turkey
· Briefly discuss the role of Turkey in WW2
· Actions of Turkish Leaders following the War.
· Turkey Declare War on Germany and Japan
· Turkey Joins United Nations
· Truman Doctrine declared as result of start of Cold War
· Turkey Joins NATO (1952)
· Turkey Invades Cyprus to overthrow dictator (1974)
· 1983: Turkey Republic of Northern Cyprus is established
· Military Coups: 1960, 1971, 1980
· 1984: Rise of PKK and destruction as a result
International Relations of Turkey: (2-3 pgs.)
· Historically, Turkey based on the reforms of Mustafa Kemal
Ataturk are heavily emphasized with the Western World.
· Very closely linked with United States
· Heavy links with North Atlantic Treaty Organization
· Heavy links with European Union
· Discuss relationship with European Union
· Discuss relationship with North Atlantic Treaty Organization
· Turkey attempts to strengthen presence in Balkans

· Goals of EU Membership
· Turkey’s rise in the Middle East due to the strategic depth
doctrine also known as Neoottomanism.
· Turkey’s involvement in international organizations:
· Founding member of UN (1945)
· Council of Europe (1949)
· NATO (1952)
· Member of Organization of Economic Co-operation and
Development (1961)
· Organization of Islamic Cooperation (1969)
· Organization of Security and Co-operation in Europe (1973)
· Signed EU Customs Agreement in 1995
· Member of WTO (1995)
· G20 Industrial Nations (1999)
· Member of Western European Union from 1992-2011
Politics: (3-4 pgs.)
· Adoption of first constitution of Turkey (1924)
· Basic principles of national sovereignty
· Created Turkish Grand National Assembly
· “sole national representative of the nation”
· Adoption of second constitution of Turkey (1961)
· Establishment of the basis for bi-cameral parliament
· New National assembly with 450 deputies established
· Senate of the Republic with 150 members elected by general
ballot and 15 members elected by the President
· Two assemblies together make Turkish Grand National
Assembly.
· The Third Constitution was passed in a national referendum
and is still in effect today.
· Under the constitution, sovereignty is vested fully and
unconditionally in the nation.
· The Constitution emphasizes that the Turkish state, with its
territory and nation, is an indivisible entity, and a secular,
democratic, social state under the rule of law. All individuals
are equal without any discrimination before the law,

irrespective of language, race, skin color, gender, political
orientation, philosophical creed, religion and sect, or any such
considerations.
· Legislative Power
· Turkish Grand National Assembly (present)
· 555 deputies
· Parliamentary elections every 4 yrs.
· Judiciary Power:
· Exercised by independent courts
· Constitution provides basic principles of law
· Functionally, a tripartite judicial system was adopted by the
Constitution and accordingly, it was divided into an
administrative judiciary, a legal judiciary and a special
judiciary.
· Types of Courts: The Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court
of Appeals, the Council of State, the Supreme Military Court of
Appeals, the Supreme Military Administrative Court and the
Court of Jurisdictional Conflicts are the supreme courts
stipulated in the judicial section of the Constitution.
· Executive Branch:
· The executive branch in Turkey has a dual structure. It is
composed of the President of the Republic and the Council of
Ministers (Cabinet).
Economic Activity: (2-3 pgs.)
· Turkey has become one of the world’s newly industrialized
economies.
· Leading producer of agricultural products, textiles, motor
vehicles, ships, consumer electronics, construction materials
and home appliances.
· Emerging market economy according to IMF
· Turkey has 18th largest nominal GDP.
· One of the only countries to cope with the financial crisis of
2007-2009 considerably well.
· Economy expanded by 9 percent in 2010
· Economy expanded by 8.5 percent in 2011

· Turkey is the World’s 15th biggest and Europe’s 6th biggest
economy.
· Discuss Agricultural Sector growth
· Discuss Industrial Sector growth
· Discuss Construction and Contracting Sector growth
· Discuss Service Sector
Socio-Cultural/Religious (1 page):
· Islam is the country’s main religion
· 99.8% of the populations is Islamic
· includes people of no religion and converted individuals
· 9.4 percent of population is credited as to be non-religious or
secular
· Most Muslims are Sunni (90 percent) and about 8 percent are
Shia
· Turkey is officially a secular country and has no official
religion
· However, schools teach classes on the Islamic religion
specifically the Sunni sect.
· Beginning in the 1980s, people started to protest the role of
religion in the state. (Islamic practices experienced revival)
· In 2002, following the Justice and Development Party’s rise to
power (AKP) concept of the secular state began to be
challenged.
Environmental Issues (1 page):
· Conservation of Biodiversity
· Host to 3000 endemic plant species and host to 3 of the
world’s biodiversity hotspots
· Turkish Montane Forests face huge threats due to
developmental projects
· Water Pollution from dumping of chemicals and detergents
· There is a potential for spills from the 5,000 oil- and gas-
carrying ships that pass through the Bosporus annually.
· Air Pollution
· More prevalent in urban cities such as (Istanbul, Ankara etc.)
· Increased ownership of cars is listed as a cause

· Greenpeace Mediterranean claim that that the Afşin-Elbistan
coal-fired plant is the power plant with the highest health risk
in Europe, followed by the Soma coal-fired power plant, also
from Turkey
· Greenhouse Gases
· Land Degradation
Conclusion (half a page to 1):
· Recap of paper as a whole
· Concluding remarks

Sam Stone
Professor Edwards
11-12-15
Final Paper Bibliography
Websites:
Central Intelligence Agency. Central Intelligence Agency, n.d.
Web. 12 Nov. 2015.
(https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-
factbook/geos/tu.html) (overview)
Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, n.d. Web. 12 Nov. 2015.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey>. (overview)
OECD. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Nov. 2015.
<http://www.oecd.org/turkey/>. (economics)
Republic of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs. N.p., n.d. Web.
12 Nov. 2015. <http://www.mfa.gov.tr/synopsis-of-the-turkish-
foreign-policy.en.mfa>. (international relations, politics)
"Religion in Turkey, Islam, Early Christianity, Judaism, Jews."
Religion in Turkey, Islam, Early Christianity, Judaism, Jews.
N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Nov. 2015.
<http://www.turizm.net/turkey/info/religion.html>. (religion)
Energy Information Administration. N.p., n.d. Web.
<http://www.nuce.boun.edu.tr/turkey.html>.
(environmental issues)
A Guide Created By Chatham Students For Chatham, and
Students For Our 2010-2011 Global Focu. History & Culture of
Turkey: From Anatolian Civilization to Modern Republic (n.d.):
n. pag. Web. 12 Nov. 2015.

<https://www.chatham.edu/academics/globalfocus/archives/turk
ey_1011/_pdf/history_culture.pdf>. (culture and social)
Databases:
"Turkey." Economy, Politics and GDP Growth Summary. N.p.,
n.d. Web. 12 Nov. 2015. <http://country.eiu.com/turkey>.
(economics)
Books:
Metz, Helen Chapin, and Library of Congress. Turkey : A
Country Study. 5th ed. Washington, D.C.: Federal Research
Division, Library of Congress, 1996. Print. Area handbook
series; DA pam, 550-80; Area handbook series; DA pam, 550-
80. (overview)
Rabasa, Angel, F. Stephen Larrabee, and National Defense
Research Institute (U.S.). The Rise of Political Islam in Turkey.
Santa Monica, CA: The RAND Corporation, 2008. Web.
(ebook) (Politics/Religion)
Lewis, Geoffrey. Turkey. 3d ed. New York: Praeger, 1965.
Print. Nations of the modern world; Nations of the modern
world. (overview)
Larrabee, F. Stephen., and Project Air Force (U.S.). Turkey As
a U.S. Security Partner. Santa Monica, CA: Rand Corp., 2008.
Web. (Politics)
Davison, Roderic H. Turkey. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-
Hall, 1968. Print. The modern nations in historical perspective;
Modern nations in historical perspective. (socio/cultural)
Articles:
"Foreign Relations." Turkey Country Review (2012): 79-93.
Business Source Complete. Web. 12 Nov. 2015. (International
Relations)

http://bryant.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com
/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=74211912&site=ehost-
live
"Political Overview." Turkey Defence & Security Report 2
(2011): 56-63. Business Source Complete. Web. 12 Nov. 2015.
(Politics)
live
"Country Reports - Turkey." Turkey Country Monitor (2015): 1-
20. Business Source Complete. Web. 12 Nov. 2015. (overview)
live
"Turkey: Business Forecast Report." Turkey Business Forecast
Report 2 (2013): 1. Business Source Complete. Web. 12 Nov.
2015. (economics)
live
Ozturk, Nurettin, and Kadir Karagoz. "Relationship Between
Inflation And Financial Development: Evidence From Turkey."
Journal Of Alanya Faculty Of Business / Alanya Isletme
Fakültesi Dergisi 4.2 (2012): 81-87. Business Source Complete.
Web. 12 Nov. 2015. (economics)
live
"Environmental Issues." Turkey Country Review (2011): 218-
219. Business Source Complete. Web. 12 Nov. 2015.
(environmental)

live
GÜNEŞ, YUSUF, and AYNUR AYDIN COŞKUN. "Legal
Structure Of Public Participation In Environmental Issues In
Turkey." Journal Of Environmental Assessment Policy &
Management 7.3 (2005): 543-568. Business Source Complete.
Web. 12 Nov. 2015. (environmental)
live

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