Depression Symptoms And Effects Of Depression

Depression Symptoms And Effects Of Depression
When you hear that someone has a mental illness what do you think of? A psychopath, sociopath,
schizophrenic? What about depression? It the largest psychological illness worldwide, affecting 5–
15% of the adult population in the United States and around 13% of it's teens. The numbers change
to favor girls in their teen years,12–15, as their chances to adapt it rises 300% and stays the same
when compared to teen boys. The effects of depression vary according from its severity, reason, or
lasting to the person. Having depression doesn 't stop a person from functioning, but slows them
down considerably. Depression isn't felt the same across the board from person to person. It might
be more physical than psychological in some cases. Drowsiness, lack or gain in appetite, aches,
restlessness and trouble sleeping at night are examples of how depression can affect your body that
will then have a carrying effect. On the psychological side of depression symptoms include
depression is just what it sounds like. You feel sad, anxious, like nothing works. An experience of
helplessness, because nothing you try works out the way you expected it to, or good things just seem
to avoid you. Even when the stars align, a pessimistic feeling will kick in to find the worst in
everything. This all leads to the person feeling alone and withdrawing themselves from others. Also,
depression can manifest itself in different extents from mild to major. This can be from just feeling
sad to clinical
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

A Comparison Between Schizophrenia And Bipolar Spectrum...
Abstract
A comparison between schizophrenia and bipolar spectrum disorder focusing on history, etiology,
treatment, and symptoms of each disease will introduce the concept of the Continuum Disease
Model (CDM) as a basis for further debate and discussion on the controversial designation of
schizoaffective disorder (bipolar type/depressive type). The concept of a possible connection
between distinct disorders is strongly disputed between many experts due to presence of manic or
hypomanic episodes as a clear distinction requiring the designation of bipolar spectrum disorder as
opposed to negative and positive schizophrenic symptoms; however, similarities in the disorders
including etiology, presence of psychosis, and effectiveness of new atypical antipsychotic treatments
may present similar neurological psychopathology. Schizoaffective disorder may present only
unipolar depressive symptoms along with negative or positive schizophrenic symptoms but bipolar
type will be the focus of discussion. An argument disputing the legitimacy of the CDM will be
presented though the stress–diathesis model supports the designation of schizoaffective disorder in
the newest edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM–V). A deeper
look at the mechanisms in the psychopharmacological drug treatments specifically focused on the
atypical antipsychotics quetiapine (trade name Seroquel) and lurasidone (trade name Latuda),
providing theories of their effects on brain

A Streetcar Named Desire Analysis Essay
The 1951 film, A Streetcar Named Desire, is an adaption of a play of the same name, written by
playwright Tennessee Williams. It revolves around Blanche, a Southern woman who comes from a
very wealthy family. After some troubles that she describes as "nervous exhaustion", she arrives to
her sister's (Stella's) apartment in New Orleans to move in with her. Blanche is surprised to learn
that Stella has decided to abandon her wealthy lifestyle to marry a working–class man by the name
of Stanley. Stanley is an World War II veteran, and can be considered a brute in the film.
Immediately upon meeting Blanche, Stanley is not fond of her and thinks that she has swindled he
and Stella out of family fortune after he finds fancy clothes and jewelry in her trunk. Blanche
quickly tosses papers at Stanley to show that she had not taken fortune out of anyone, and Stanley
reveals that his true intentions is that he wants to consider his "wife's affairs" since Stella is
pregnant. Blanche is shocked by the news. Later, Stanley's hosts a poker night, and Blanche meets
Mitch and is immediately attracted to him due to his sensitivity. Stanley becomes so drunk and
belligerent that he strikes Stella; however, is quick to forgive, despite Blanche's pleas for her to
leave Stanley. After Stanley finds out the true reason why Blanche left her old town (she was having
sexual relations with a minor), a fight emerges between Stella, Stanley, and Blanche, but is cut short
when Stella goes into labor.

Asperger's Syndrome Research Paper
Asperger's syndrome (sometimes referred to as 'high–functioning autism') is an autism spectrum
disorder that impairs sociality. Exact symptoms tend to vary among individuals, but there are still
many common ones affecting communication. Sufferers are limited in their social skills, often
unknowingly making inappropriate social behaviors. This is especially evident during conversation,
where an Aspergic person may break eye contact or keep conversations one–sided. They also
struggle to express empathy and read nonverbal cues, and they may have trouble understanding
nonliteral speech, such as sarcasm. Notably, those with Asperger's syndrome tend to fixate on a
single topic or field of study, giving them increased knowledge of that particular thing ("Asperger
Syndrome – What Is Autism"). ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There is a two–step diagnostic process for other ASDs, however. First, during a checkup with a
pediatrician or other doctor, the child undergoes developmental screening to look for any social
issues. The results are then examined by a team of specialists (i.e. psychologists, neurologists,
psychiatrists, and the like) to determine whether the child has an ASD. Most doctors recommend
diagnosing Asperger's by age two, but the symptoms are hard to recognize initially, so people are
usually diagnosed later in life ("Asperger's Syndrome Fact Sheet"). Plus, the symptoms of
Asperger's are sometimes mistaken for those of ADHD, further complicating diagnosis ("Asperger
Syndrome – What Is

Sylvia Plath 's Life And Life
"I have the choice of being constantly active and happy or introspectively passive and sad or I can
go mad by ricocheting in between." (Goodreads, 2013) This is a quote from Sylvia Plath, a poet who
faced many obstacles in her life including attempting suicide; getting divorced due to lies and
infidelity; and leaving her children behind. Sylvia Plath was born on October 27, 1932 in Boston
Massachusetts Plath's father Otto Plath author of a book on bees. (The Famous People Website,
2013; About.com, 2013). Her father taught at Boston University, where he met Aurelia Schober
Plath's mother who studied to get her master's degree in teaching. (Academy of American Poet,
2013; Sylvia Plath info, 1999).The two married in January 1932 before ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Sylvia Plath took interest in art and writing at a young age; she also started keeping a journal and
published some of her work. In 1950, Plath was rewarded a scholarship from Smith College.
(Academy of American poet, 2013; The Biography Channel, 2013). Plath attempted to commit
suicide by overdosing on sleeping pills in her third year of college (Smith College). She was later on
diagnosed with depression and treated in a mental health facility. In 1956 she graduated from Smith
College. (The Oxford Companion – 1994; The Biography Channel – 2013). In the same year, Plath
also, studied at University Newnham College in England, where she met her husband poet Ted
Hughes. April 1, 1960, Plath first collection of poetry "The colossus" was published in England.
Soon after, Plath and Hughes had their first child Frieda Rebecca; two years later their second child
was born named Nicholas. (A+E Television Networks, 2013; Sylvia Plath.info, 1999). In 1962,
Hughes had an affair which resulted in a separation. (Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine,
2003; the Poetry Foundation, 2013) and in 1963, Plath published a semi– autobiographical novel,
The Bell Jar, and February 11, 1963, Sylvia Plath sealed the rooms between her and her children and
committed suicide. Plath placed her head in a gas oven, she was found dead in her own kitchen.
(Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine – 2003 and Academy of American Poets – 2013). After
Plath's death Ted Hughes became her

Fibromyalgia And Bipolar Disorder : Extent Of Comorbidity...
Fibromyalgia and Bipolar Disorder: extent of comorbidity and therapeutic implications ABSTRACT
Fibromyalgia (FM) is a syndrome that affects muscles and soft tissues. Symptoms include chronic
muscle pain, fatigue, sleep disturbances, and painful trigger points and and psychological symptoms
such as depression and anxiety. In particular, there is strong evidence of comorbidity of FM and
Bipolar Disorder (BD). Therefore, adequate psychiatric assessment is recommended in FM patients
with suspected symptoms consistent with BD prior to administration of antidepressants in the
treatment of FM. MATERIALS AND METHODS In order to further investigate the comorbidity of
fibromyalgia and BD, papers were reviewed from 2006 to February 2016 using the NIH PubMed
Literature Search System to search for relevant articles. Inclusion criteria were that manuscripts 1)
be primary peer–review research article; 2) concisely explained, or investigated etiological
similarities and therapeutic implications of FM and BP; 3) be published in English. DISCUSSION
Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic disease of not fully–known etiology and pathophysiology
characterized by chronic widespread pain, fatigue and psychological symptoms such as depression
and anxiety. Over the years, there have been countless papers reporting on the association

Summary Of Bipolar Disorder: The Agony
Unit 1 Summary: Living With a Bipolar Disorder
In this article "Bipolar Disorder: The Agony and the Ecstasy" the author Thomas Wheaton explains
his life dealing with a bipolar disorder. There are three different types of bipolar disorders, bipolar 1
is an episode of mania or a mixed episode you have in your lifetime. Bipolar 2 is mood states
between deadly depression and an extreme form of mania. Then there is Cyclothymic disorder
which is close to bipolar 2 with mood swings but not as severe and not as often. Thomas however
has a disorder that is not diagnosed as any of the above bipolar disorders, his disorder is unusually
changing. His diagnosis is ultra–ultra–rapid cycling, where he experience's mood swings between
depression and mania

Early Childhood Depression Essay
Although empirical evidence has recently validated clinical depression in children as young as age
3, few data are available to guide treatment of early childhood depression (Am J. Psychiatry, 2009:
166, 974–979); also there is emerging evidence that depression is probably the most common
psychiatric disorder that occurs in autistic children (Ghaziuddiel et al, 2002).
However, diagnosing depression in those with autism represents a challenge as many individuals
with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) show little facial emotions, this doesn't necessarily mean
they're depressed; in other words, their affect doesn't necessarily match how they feel. (McDougles,
2013). Autistic children, generally, have difficulties in social interactions, problems ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Like most children, children with autism have a deep desire to be involved with their peer group, but
as a result of their problems in social initiation & social–emotional understanding; they may exhibit
signs of depression (Bauminger, Shulman, Agman, 2003)
Depression in persons with ASD :
According to (Ghaziuddiel et al, 1992) depression is the most common Psychiatric disorder as they
found that depression affecting 2% of the total sample of 64 children & adolescents with autism
referred to a tertiary clinic. In another study for authors in 1998 using a different method of
assessment found that depression was accruing in 13 of 35 subjects (37%) with autism. In earlier
study by Wing (1981) of 34 adults with Autism found that depression occurring in at least 10
subjects (about 30%) which makes depression the most common Psychiatric diagnosis, also In a
questionnaire study for (Kim et al,2000) of 1751 children with autism, showed increased rate of
mood ,anxiety problems, major depression, and bipolar disorder have been reported. (Mayes et al,
2011) studied Anxiety, Depression, and Irritability in Children with Autism Relative to Other
Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Typical Development, in 1390 children (6–16 years of

How Client Has Developed Poor Communication And Social...
Client grew up in a conservative and strict southern family in small town in Georgia with
socioeconomic statues of average–middle class. Consequently, his childhood consisted of
psychological, verbal and emotional abuse by his parents. Client was constantly criticized by his
father, client quoted, "I was never good enough for him". Client was under constant pressure to meet
his parents' standards. However, he never succeeded and was seen as a failure in his parent's
opinion. Client was not able to inform his parents about being Gay which made him isolated and
even more distant from them.
Client moved away from his family to attend law school in Los Angeles, California in 1997. As a
result of his childhood, Client has developed poor communication and social skills, high anxiety,
anger, worthlessness, trust issue, depression, agitation, distractibility, mood swing, and hopelessness,
which have affected his daily functioning. Due to his symptoms, Client lost his job after few months
and has not been able to regain his independence. Client has been living with his roommate/friend of
17 years. After his participation in therapy sessions, client has made tremendous progress. Client has
been attending German class for 4 months after he revealed to therapist about his passion for
German language and culture. This class has improved client's symptoms such as social and
communication skill, and self–esteem.
Social and family History Client grew up in a conservative and strict

Etiological Theories Of Autism Spectrum Disorder Essay
Etiological Theories of Autism Spectrum Disorder:
A Review of the Literature
Nova Southeastern University
Abstract
Within the last twenty years, the amount of empirical research regarding the possible cause(s) and
risk factors for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has increased (Lai et al., 2014). According to the
United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), ASD is currently identified in
approximately 1 out of 68 children living in the United States, compared to 1 in 10,000 children in
1980 (Baio, 2014). The rise in ASD prevalence highlights the need to continue research into
etiology, risk factors, and effective treatments. Purpose: This paper is a critical review of current
scientific studies that have focused on the ASD population about etiology of the disorder,
susceptibility, and prevalence. Theories and factors that appear to influence or predict ASD outcome
are reviewed. Method: Twenty–two research articles published between January 1, 2009, and
November 1, 2014, in scientific, peer–reviewed journals were retrieved from the following
electronic databases: ProQuest, CINAHL Complete, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.
The articles were evaluated for risk of bias. Results: Recent findings suggest autism is a disorder
caused by interplay of multiple genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors.
Keywords: Autism, ASD, Autism Spectrum Disorder; in combination with: Etiology and/or Cause,
Genetic Risk Factors,

Psychiatrist Thesis Statement
Audience: Psychiatrists Thesis Statement: Psychiatrists should use a bipolar spectrum in order to
thoroughly probe patients for evidence of bipolar II disorder, given the high rate of misdiagnosis.
Topic sentence #1: The bipolar spectrum should be used in order to thoroughly probe patients for
possible hypomanic symptoms, which frequently go unrecognized with traditional diagnostic
techniques. Explanation #1: Some psychiatrists believe that a "black and white" approach is more
effective in diagnosing patients, opposed to a spectrum where "softer" forms of bipolar disorder are
recognized. I plan to use several different sets of statistical evidence to show that there is a high rate
of under diagnosis among bipolar II patients. I will also ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Many psychiatrists believe that if a patient does not qualify for the specific durations and symptoms
described in the DSM then they can not receive treatment for bipolar disorder. An example of a strict
interpretation of the DSM is the argument Paris makes. He claims, "The most important principle is
the requirement in DSM–5 that hypomania last 4 consecutive days and abnormal mood be
continuous". Paris believes that if a patient experiences extremely high elevated moods for less than
4 days in a row, they cannot be diagnosed with

Narrative Therapy Reflection
SUBJECTIVE/STATUS: The client presented for the session. The client spoke about her feelings
towards life in general and about being at the facility stated, "I appreciate my life now more than
before, I appreciate how much I am better that before because of therapy as I am grateful to the
people who are supporting me at the facility." The client shared that she is able to use her coping
skills and having fun with her colleagues. The client discussed her feeling and thoughts with the
therapist while she was at the church when she had negative thoughts about purging. The client
stated, "I have thoughts about purging and I was depressed for no reason as I remember, but I was
smart enough to ask for help and tell my one of my peers and the mental health worker about my
thoughts and I promised them to not purge." The client confirmed that she knows her triggers which
are looking into the mirror, smelling or tasting the food, and eating too much, but this morning I did
not experiencing any of them and I had thoughts of purging." The client confirmed that she need to
allow

Informative Speech Outline On Autism
1. In the United States, 1 in every 68 individual is diagnosed with autism.
2. Autism is common in boys, 1 in every 42 boys are diagnosed with it.
3. 1% of world's population has Autism Specter Disorder.
4. In 1943, Dr. Leo Kanner was the first to describe the word 'autism'.
5. 2nd April is celebrated as World Autism Awareness Day.
6. At the age of 3–5 autism can be diagnosed.
7. If we analyze the symptoms when the baby is 18 months then the treatment can be helpful.
8. Worldwide, approximately 67 million people suffer from autism.
9. There is no cure for autism, only Verbal Behavior Therapy, Cognitive Behavior Therapy and other
therapies help to live an easy life.
10. 15–30% of autistic people also suffer from epilepsy.
11. Many scientists ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The brain anatomy of an autistic person and a normal person is same.
53. It is a popular myth that autistic people lack imagination and creativity. Not everyone is creative
but there are people who are very creative.
54. There are no tests like a blood test or urine test that can help in diagnosing autism.
55. Doctors use behavioral tests to diagnose autism.
56. The Autism Spectrum Disorder is one of the fastest growing developmental disorders.
57. Autistic related movie 'Rain Man' has won the most Oscars for any autism–related films.
58. Scientists and parents are arguing about whether autism is a disability or just another kind of
personality development.
59. Researchers recommend that they pass an autism test if the child does not "boo and bubble" at
the age of 12 months, does not speak a single word for up to 16 months, does not add two words to
the phrase for up to 24 months, and loses previously acquired speech and social skills in any age.
60. Stephen Wiltshire– autistic savant and artistic. He became famous for his huge panoramic
paintings, which he draws from a simple ballpoint pen. He remembers the landscapes by just seeing
it once. He has drawn many famous streets, he even painted a significant part of London, New York,

Emily Comp: Asperger's Syndrome Research Paper
Emily Comp Research Paper November 18, 2012 Asperger's Syndrome Approximately 947,570
Americans have Asperger's Syndrome (AS), however, it is not an easy disorder to explain (Bashe
19). With multiple conditions and characteristics in each case, AS is not an easy disorder to
diagnose. Asperger's Syndrome was named after Hans Asperger, an Austrian physician, who first
described the disorder in 1944 after studying a group of children with similar, unusual
characteristics. However, AS was not made an official disease until 1994. Consequently, Asperger
disease is just now becoming published and popular so there is still research and questions being
answered. Asperger's Syndrome, an autism spectrum disorder, is noted by above–average ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Then the doctors do a history and ask when the parents first began noticing symptoms such as
limited social interactions, special interest and lack of eye contact. The doctors will look at the
development of motor and language skills and compare them with the average skill level for the
particular age of the patient. Following this, the doctors will ask about any favorite activities, if
there are any unusual habits or preoccupations. Next, the doctors will look at the social development
and any social interactions and friendship development. Then a test for communication skills is
given. After ascertaining all this information, they compile all the findings and see if the patient
meets the criteria for Asperger's Syndrome. Besides the poor communication skills and resulting in
awkward social behavior of Asperger's Syndrome, there are also the physical aspects. People with
Asperger's Syndrome have a heightened sensitivity to loud noises, lights, or even certain colors. For
example, they may not be able to wear certain kinds of materials because the fabric will irritate the
skin. Often, they have strong taste buds and are sensitive to different textures. Additionally, they
may have a rigid walk or an odd posture. Likewise, motor coordination is usually lacking making
simple tasks such as handwriting, opening a jar, or catching a ball a struggle. The lack of motor
skills makes it difficult to play team

Apoorva Mandavilli The Lost Girls
Founding editor of Spectrum, Apoorva Mandavilli recounts information she has found throughout
many studies particularly pertaining to autism in females. She is an accomplished writer with her
work appearing in many famous magazines and news articles such as, The New Yorker, The
Atlantic, Slate, Nature, and many others. Throughout her story "The Lost girls" Mandavilli explains
the differences in how women and men react to the same thing as well as the treatments they
undergo. She writes a very informative but powerful story by using perspectives of a few separate
instances of autism. She then goes on to explain the differences in boys and girls social interactions.
She does a good job of relating the subject matter and allows the reader to get a visual of what is
going on with in the scenario. Although many of us won't understand what autism is and how it
affects someone she is able to find things that the audience is able to identify to more clearly portray
her thoughts which I thought was a very effective tactic in this piece. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Actually it's the complete opposite. Boys and girls are shown many different things and have very
different experiences while growing up. Since this is the case why would it make sense to treat a boy
and a girl autism patient the same? The answer is it's not. Not only are boy and girl interactions
different the way they react to the situations are different. Men in most cases would rather be alone
while women on the other hand long for the relationships within their group but have trouble
expressing these feelings. That's a pretty big indication that there needs to be better ways of treating
the disease across genders. Until recently this has had little to no progress, many treatments often
only dealt with male patients. It does seem however that there are more autistic boys than

The Importance Of Sea Temperature Anomalies
The oceans play an important role in the climate system owing to the interannual and longer
timescale variability in sea surface temperature (SST). Hasselmann (1976) proposed that this
climate variability could be represented by a stochastic first order auto–regressive process
(AR1–process) and should be considered as the null hypothesis for extra–tropical sea surface
temperature anomalies (SSTA). According to this concept, SSTAs quickly responds to the
atmospheric heat fluxes at short time period and the heat capacity of the ocean integrates the
SSTA variability on a longer time period. Frankignoul and Hasselmann (1977) have further
suggested that the atmospheric forcing for SST anomalies follows a spectrum of white noise with
constant ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Thus the broad structure of the SSTA spectrum is determined by the depth of the ocean ML and
atmospheric process.
Attempts to include additional processes, such as Ekman transport, entrainment of sub–mixed layer
thermal anomalies (Dommenget and Latif 2002; Deser et al. 2003; Lee et al. 2008), state–dependent
noise (Sura et al. 2005) and the re–emergence associated with seasonal change in MLD (Schneider
and Cornuelle 2005) has shown to increase the SSTA variance at annual and longer timescales.
However, studies have demonstrated that the SST variability at some part of the oceans cannot be
represented by a simple AR1–process (Hall and Manabe
1997; Dommenget and Latif 2002, 2008). The inconsistency arises from the exchange of heat
energy in the mixed layer and sub–mixed layer in the ocean.
The strong seasonal cycle of the MLD can strengthen the persistence of SSTA from one winter to
the following. The timescale in which the subsurface temperature anomalies entrain to the surface
(nearly 1 year) is expected to influence the spectral variance of SSTA. Möller et al. (2008) have
shown a peak in the annual time period in the power spectrum of midlatitude
SSTA that is associated with the re–emergence. Figure 5.3 illustrates the power spectrum of
SSTA and 90% significance level (shaded), presented in different ways (taken from Moller et al.
(2008)). Figure 5.3a express the spectral variance density, while figure 5.3b

Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Case Study
What I learned? I've learned so much valuable information about Autism Spectrum Disorder in this
topic. According to Davis, White and Ollendick (2014), Autism Spectrum Disorder can comorbid
with Intellectual Disability, Attention–Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder
and Conduct Disorder, Feeling Disorders, Elimination Disorders, Depressive Disorders, Bipolar and
Related Disorders and Suicidality. According to Mattila (2010) comorbidity rates of Autism with
other disorders is significantly higher for individuals who are in the 7–12 age range. Simonoff,
Pickles, Charman, Chandler, Loucas, and Baird (2008) states that Autism Spectrum Disorders can
comorbid to other psychological disorders from 40% to 70%.
Apart from that, I learned about the different theories relating to Autism. These are the Theory of
Mind, Central ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to Autism Speaks (2012), disruption, elopement, incontinence, non–compliance,
obsessions, compulsions, rituals, physical aggression, self–injury, property destruction, threatening
behaviour, meltdown and verbal aggression are just some of the challenging behaviors that
individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder has. And in order to deal with these, team members
must consider first the individual's wellbeing and always treat with respect and dignity. I learned that
parents should also be considered because they are also an essential part of the team and they are the
sole carers of their child. In this topic, I have also learned about how to deal with the families and
peers of students with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Kate's talk was very uplifting and informative
about the struggles that parents of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder face. The documentary
"I am Jack" also gave me an insight to how close family ties and acceptance of the child's diagnosis
helps in the improvement, intervention and the success of the child in the

Changes From Dsm-5
Analyzing Changes from DSM–IV–TR to DSM–5
Alvin Ng (13122211)
James Cook University Singapore From DSM–IV–TR to DSM–5
The human mind is a vast and complex system which have constantly evolved and changed
throughout the ages. Like any other biological system, it is susceptible to disease and disorder,
which prompted the study of the mind and the creation of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of
Mental Disorders, DSM. The manual is compiled by mental health professionals through years of
observations yielded from their respective field of expertise and empirical research findings
identified disorders.
From DSM–I conceived in 1952, to the latest DSM–5, released in 2013, much content of the manual
have been edited to better cater to the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Therefore, suggestion for the improvements to the current DSM–5 would be to further validate the
diagnosis criterion and its diagnostic classes through more empirical research or observation. The
creation of integrative cross–dimensional diagnosis between the future DSM–5 and upcoming ICD–
11 could also benefit not only the psychological and psychiatric society, but the whole of the health

Summary Of Special Education Terminology, Concepts, And...
According to the "Dictionary of Special Education Terminology, Concepts, and Procedures" by
Zachary Fenell, et al, autism is defined as "a complex developmental disability that typically
appears during the first three years of life and affects a person's ability to communicate and interact
with others. Autism is defined by a certain set of behaviors and is a "spectrum disorder" that affects
individuals differently and to varying degrees" (Fenell et al).
A cognitive disability is also known as an intellectual disability. According to Fennell et al, an
intellectual disability is defined as a "significantly subaverage general intellectual functioning,
existing concurrently with deficits in adaptive behavior and manifested during the developmental ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to the "Dictionary of Special Education Terminology, Concepts, and Procedures," a
hearing impairment is defined as "an impairment in hearing, whether permanent or fluctuating, that
adversely affects a child's educational performance" (Fenell et al).
According to IDEA, an orthopedic impairment is defined as "a severe orthopedic impairment that
adversely affects a child's educational performance. The term includes impairments caused by a
congenital anomaly, impairments caused by disease (e.g., poliomyelitis, bone tuberculosis), and
impairments from other causes (e.g., cerebral palsy, amputations, and fractures or burns that cause
contractures)" ("IDEA – Building The Legacy of IDEA 2004").
Fenell et al define a speech and language impairment as, "a communication disorder such as
stuttering, impaired articulation, a language impairment or a voice impairment that adversely affects
a child's educational performance" (Fenell et

Introduction. Managing Autism Can Be A Challenge To Cope
Introduction
Managing autism can be a challenge to cope with in any family with–out understanding ASD. In the
article, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Catherine Lord explains autism spectrum disorder, or ASD, as a
neurodevelopmental syndrome that is defined by deficits in social reciprocity and communication,
and by unusual restricted, repetitive disorder (2000. P355). Parenting a child on the autism spectrum
is difficult for any parent who is uneducated about the specific disorder their child is faced with.
Most parents of children with disabilities or chronic health problems suffer a tremendous amount of
stress. Connie Anderson Ph.D., states that there is evidence that parents of children with autism
spectrum disorder suffers the most stress ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
ASD can alter a person's functioning at different levels from very mildly to sever. Although autism
is a disorder that causes complications with social interactions and learning abilities, people with
ASD can vary from severely challenged to gifted. "Autism now affects 1 in 68 children and 1 in 42
boys" (Autism.2017.Para4). The National Institute of Health suggest that autism is one of the fastest
growing developmental disorders in the United States (2016.Para7). ASD is unique in that it is
common for people with ASD to have many strengths and abilities. "Scientists does not know the
exact causes of ASD, but research suggest that genes and environment play important roles"
(NIH.2016.Para2). Most parents often blame themselves when they have a child with special needs.
"Because of its links to genetics and neural development and the severe abnormalities in social
interaction by which it is defined, autism offers the opportunity for scientists to study the
neurobiological origins of social communication skills basic to human behavior" (Lord. 2000.P2).
The National Autism Association points out that autism itself does not affect life expectancy,
however research has shown that the mortality risk among individuals with autism is twice as high
as the general population, in large part due to drowning and other accidents (2017. Para1).
"Comorbid conditions often associated with autism include

Transitioning To Adulthood
Whenever an individual is diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), the individual and the
family members often wonder what the future holds for them, and the diagnosed individual.
Although there is no statistical evidence on the life expectancy for the community of people with
ASD, most premature deaths that do occur are related to the lack of care in an institution, infection,
and/or poor medical supervision (Van Hecke, 2010). Premature deaths can also be linked to suicide
by individuals in the ASD community, often those with a less severe version of the disorder. Suicide
can most commonly occur when the individual develops a mental illnesses, often as the cause of a
disconnect from society. Common mental illnesses associated with ASD ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Those with the IQ of 70–75 tend to do well in adulthood, however even those who have an IQ above
this may struggle with financial issues. The transition to adulthood is especially hard for children
with ASD because adults with ASD are "socially disadvantaged and tend to be unrecognized"
(Henninger & Taylor, 2014). Fortunately, Dr. Paul from Autism Speaks organization recognizes that
there is research for people with ASD that shows that with the right amount of training and support,
individuals with ASD can work a variety of jobs in their own communities. Ted Talks speaker
(Kerry Magro from TED Talks Seminar) was diagnosed with ASD at the age of three, but says he
overcame all odds with intensive therapy, support groups, and speech therapy. It is very important
that an individual with ASD has the proper support group in order to be successful in the transition
to adulthood, and organizations like these can be useful in that. In a recent survey called "Family
Perspectives on a Successful Transition to Adulthood for Individuals with Disabilities" it explains
that the most important factor for transitioning to adulthood in the ASD community is to have a job
or role in the community (Henninger, 2014). Just like all people, it is important to make sure that a
person with ASD has the opportunity to do what they love in life. This can be facilitated by parents
helping to keep

The Stigma Of Bipolar Disorder Essay
Cory Murphy Composition 101 Professor Tanya Vanderlinde 11 Dec. 2016 Eliminate the Stigma
When a seventh grader at Frederick Area High School in Frederick, South Dakota, was asked to
describe what bipolar disorder is, he said that it refers to people that "change personalities fast"
(McGaugh). However, this is only a common misconception. Though the word "bipolar" is often
used in conversations to describe a person that has mood swings, bipolar disorder actually refers to a
serious mental illness. According to the Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance, about 2.6 percent
of American adults suffer from a form of bipolar disorder, and about one in five people with bipolar
disorder commits suicide. Despite the impact that bipolar disorder has on the lives of patients and
families alike, it is treated casually by people across the United States. Even though many treat it
flippantly, bipolar disorder is a serious mental ailment, and the public needs to have a greater
understanding of it. There is a dark stigma surrounding mental illness in general, and bipolar
disorder is no exception. According to the Mental Health Commission of Western Australia, a
stigma is "a mark of disgrace that sets someone apart." Bipolar disorder is incredibly misunderstood
by society at large, which leads to this stigma, prejudice, and discrimination. In everyday
conversation, the word "bipolar" is frequently used to describe how someone is feeling at that
moment. If a person is sad one moment and

Annotated Bibliography On Various Databases Used For...
Several databases were used for this review. Sources primarily came from EBSCO, which included
Academic Search Complete, Education Full Text, OmniFile Full Text Mega, General Science Full
Text, EBSCO Professional Development Collection, and Social Sciences Full–Text databases. In
addition, the EBSCO eBook Collection and the EBSCO ebrary collection for full–text books were
utilized. Other databases used for this review include Google Scholar and ERIC. The search was
narrowed by limiting sources to academic journals and books. Where possible, only peer–reviewed
sources were used. Some keyword descriptors did not produce results within the peer–review
parameters. The keywords searched included individual searches or pairings of the following words:
augmentative and alternative communication systems, severe/multiple disabilities, severe
communication impairments, pre–service special education teachers, communication disorders,
competencies, knowledge and skills, special education, AAC,. Limitations of the search results.
While sources for this review were obtained from academic and scholarly sites, the number of peer–
reviewed sources was limited. To maximize academic integrity of the source material, all sources
were taken from academic journals or from books published by qualified experts in the field. In
addition, while the research questions focused on instructional preparation of special education
teachers using AAC, few sources on the combined delimiters were available.

Girelli And Stake Summary
Researchers Girelli and Stake (1993) conducted different types of assessments on MBTI studies on
bipolar in Jungian mentally patients. Bipolar disorder is also formerly known as a brain disorder
called manic–depressive illness, that causes extremely unusual fluctuate mood swings (sad or
hopeless), attitude, decrease or increase energy level that sometimes may cause a person to act out
their social norms. According to Girelli and Stake, their notion further stated that bipolar disorder is
a common severe long–term condition that can take control of a person's mind if the illness is not
treated. Meanwhile, this article goes into details explaining how Myers–Briggs Type Indicator test
was designed to only measure the four personality dimensions

Neurological-Based Atypical Behavior (NBB)
Reflection Paper #1
Topic: Neurological–Based Atypical Behavior (NBB)
For my reflection paper, I chose to give my opinion on the NBB's, short for "Neurological–Based
Atypical Behaviors". NBB is defined as a collection of deeds or the behavior of children that happen
outside the usual boundaries of self control.
According to Dr. Paula Cook, specialist in teaching students with NBB, about 10 percent of students
cannot control what they say or do reliably. They are found in almost all schools but they do not all
have the same disorder or disease. There are a number of different disorders all under the same title:
NBB. In my reflection I will briefly explain the most common NBB diagnoses along with their
symptoms ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The last 2 disorders I will be discussing are ASD (Autistic Spectrum Disorder) and FASD (Fetal
Alcohol Spectrum Disorder). The first refers to the disorder where children show delay in
communication and socialization skills, impaired social development, and repetitive behavior. One
of the most famous autistic adults is Dr. Temple Grandin. He has been on television on shows such
as the Today Show and Larry King Live as well as The New York Times and Forbes magazines.
Children with autism no matter what the severity respond well to decrease in sensory load.
FASD is a disorder that can very simply be avoided. Cause: Alcohol consumption or smoking during
pregnancy. Solution: No alcohol or smoking during pregnancy. Symptoms are widely ranged and
each person behaves differently. Two people diagnosed with the same disorder may react in two
very different ways depending on their personality. After having discussed all the above, I have been
asked to give my input on the matter. Of everything stated in this presentation I had a vague idea of
almost all the common disorders related to NBB but now I have learned how to recognize them
while in a classroom as well as earned how to deal with students in such cases. The thing that caught
my attention most was how to deal with such students while teaching an inclusive class. Methods
may vary but the

Essay on What is Asperger Syndrome?
Many people across the world are unfamiliar with disorders associated with autism. Some people do
not even know what autism actually is. Asperger's Syndrome is one perplexing disorder, of
countless, that needs to be acknowledged. Although it is one of the more well–known disorders, an
understanding of Asperger's is far from common knowledge. There is an abundance of
misconceptions and people unaware of what Asperger Syndrome actually is. Being uncertain about
the characteristics of a person with Asperger's allows people to go through life not understanding the
disorder itself and people who have it.
Asperger's is one disorder of many in the Autism Spectrum. The Autism Spectrum includes early
infantile autism, childhood autism, Kanner's ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It did not receive its common name until Lorna Wing published several works on the disorder,
calling it Asperger's Syndrome. Dr. Asperger's work, published in German, was not well known in
English speaking countries until Wing's writings in 1981 ("National Institutes of Health," 2013).
Today's definition of AS is far different from that in 1944. Today, "Asperger's Syndrome (AS) is a
developmental disorder that is [a] severe and sustained impairment in social interaction and
restricted, repetitive behavior, interest, and activity" (Myles, Lee, Smith, Tien, Chou, & Swanson,
2007). If one does not know the definition of Asperger's, they often create many assumptions and
misconceptions about people with the disorder.
Numerous misconceptions exist on the topic of Asperger's Syndrome, and it is time for them to be
put to rest. One fallacy that many believe is that people with AS are intellectually disabled (Waas,
2011). This is entirely false. People with AS have normal or above normal intellectual abilities
(Carrington, Templeton, & Papinczak, 2003). Another myth is that people with AS are prone to
violence, but the truth is that they are no more violent than anyone else. Frustration is the cause of
any outbursts because they are unable to convey themselves.(Waas, 2011). One more misconception
of people with AS is that they do not speak or communicate with others. This is completely
inaccurate. People with Asperger's, in fact, have a broad vocabulary and

The Wais Iv Is An Assessment Designed Measure Cognitive...
The WAIS–IV is an assessment designed to measure cognitive functioning and intelligence in
adults. The WAIS–IV generates composite, index, and subtests scores based on performance on
verbal, non–verbal, processing speed, and working memory tasks. These scores reflect the
individual's performance at the time of testing and can be predictive of future functioning within a
confidence interval (CI) of 95%. The composite full scale IQ score is a global representation of the
individual's functioning, the index scores represent their ability on a specific grouping of tasks, and
the subtests scores indicate their ability within the specific cognitive functions. The composite and
index scores have a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15; the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Her GAI of 82 (CI of 77–87) fell in the below average range when compared to her peers.
Susan's discrepancy comparison indicated a significant difference between VCI and PRI indicated
that her perceptional reasoning skills are better developed than her verbal comprehension skills,
visual–spatial processing is better developed than verbal processing, visual–discrimination
processing is better developed than auditory–vocal processing, knowledge needed to solve
nonverbal problems is better developed than knowledge acquired through accumulated experience,
nonverbal problem solving is better developed than retrieval of verbal information from long–term
memory, and fluid reasoning is better developed than crystallized knowledge. The significance of
this difference is found in 9.1% of her peers with a CI of 95%.
Susan's discrepancy comparison indicated a significant difference between VCI and PSI indicated
that her verbal comprehension is better developed than her processing speed, verbal processing is
better developed than speed of mental operation, auditory–vocal processing is better developed than
visual–motor coordination, long–term verbal memory is better developed than short–term visual
memory, and crystallized knowledge is better developed than processing speed. The significance of
this difference is found in 19.0% of her peers with a CI of 95%.
Susan's discrepancy comparison indicated a significant

Exercise Addiction
Once the symptoms of exercise addiction are clearly identified in a patient, medical and health
professionals should seek appropriate treatments tailored to find the source or route of their
addiction (Lane, 2008). Additionally, these professionals must differentiate if the addiction occurs in
the absence of an eating disorder. In some cases, an addiction to exercise is typically a
dissatisfaction with the individual's physical appearance. Under stress from this displeasure, exercise
is rationalized as a positive solution to combat this instead of turning to other potentially addictive
behaviors (Landolfi, 2012). The Exercise Dependence Scale and Exercise Addiction Inventory allow
individuals suffering from exercise addiction to be ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Quetiapine is commonly used to treat patients with major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and
schizophrenia. In the study, the patient used Quetiapine as an add on treatment for bipolar I disorder
with comorbid compulsive buying and physical exercise addiction (Weinstein & Weinstein, 2014).
After 4 weeks of treatment, the patient displayed mild improvements in compulsive buying
behaviors with moderate improvements of compulsion to exercise. Eight weeks later, the Quetiapine
treatment had improved these behaviors significantly. By 24 weeks the compulsive buying and
physical exercise were

Rhett Syndrome And Autism
Research Paper
Rose Stinson
Psychology 201
15 April 2016
Thesis
I did this research paper to answer my question "What is being done to find out the causes of
autism? First I look into genetics and testosterone levels that are believed to play a part in prenatal
causes of autism then I delved into the comparisons Autism has with the Rhett syndrome and finally
I look into what research developments are taking place.
"Autism has a lot to do with genetics–and, perhaps, testosterone levels."(Baron–Cohen, 2012)
Its general knowledge that people who suffer from autism have low levels of communication if they
can communicate at all and struggle with social interaction. But Baron–Cohen believes that a child
is more likely to have autism if born to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
People suffering from Rhett Syndrome have a 30% smaller brain and also have shorter dendrites. In
Autism it is believed their head is slightly enlarged because their brains are bigger. (Zoghbi, Huda Y
et al.,

Analysis Of Eternal Sunshine Of The Spotless Mind
The film Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind directed by Michel Gondry follows two ex–lovers
during their breakup. The protagonist of the movie, Joel Barish, is a middle aged man living in Long
Island that lives a dull life. However, this all changes as soon as he meets a young woman at a party
named Clementine Kruczynski. Immediately drawn to her colorful personality, clothing, and hair
Joel became engulfed in her, wanting to know all of her interworking's and emotions. It didn't take
long for the two to become romantically involved and begin dating. The pair were together a while,
but they began having frequent altercations and realized that life may be better without each other. A
few weeks after the split Joel decides that he wanted to get back together with Clementine and visits
her place of work on Valentine's Day. While there, he engages in a conversation with Clementine but
to his surprise she has no recollection of him. Soon after his encounter with Clementine, Joel learns
that his ex–girlfriend hired a company to erase her memory of him. Hurt by the actions of his ex–
lover, Joel decides to hire the company to do the same. The rest of the movie then follows the
deletion of Clementine from Joel's memory by revisiting all of their significant moments together
while he is in a sleeplike state. Mid–deletion, Joel decides that he has made a terrible mistake and
tries to do everything in his power to prevent wiping the memories of his beloved. Unfortunately,

The Effects Of Adolescent Medications
The last thirty years has seen an increasing trend of children using a variety of prescription
medications to manage behavior, emotional disturbances, and mental illnesses. Recent data has
shown a substantial increase of children using antipsychotics as behavior modification despite
minimal information, regarding long–term effects. Parents, medical providers and children are
sometimes afforded a choice on which path of treatment to follow; whether it is medication
management, therapy, or a combination of the two. One certainty is that there is no one set course of
action for every child. There is no doubt that medications can be beneficial when deemed
appropriate, but it is important to understand the risks associated with these ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Evidence shows that in many instances antipsychotic medications are used outside of ideal
psychological conditions causing them to be ineffective and ultimately costly at the child's expense.
* Yet, often disregarded is the relatively cost–efficient treatment of mental health counseling and
treatments to halt long–term disturbances. All cases are unique, some more dangerous where
antipsychotic medications maybe essential when combined comprehensively with counseling to
manage behavioral and emotional symptoms. Prior to making a decision about whether or not to
seek medications for help with behavioral issues, it is important to understand what these
medications are. Prescriptions stimulants, such as methylphenidate (Ritalin) and dextroamphetamine
(Adderall) are classified by the DEA as Schedule II medications, categorizing them in the same drug
class as morphine, oxycontin, methadone, and codeine. There is a high potential for substance abuse
which may lead to a psychological or physiological dependence. All FDA drugs must go through
clinical trials to be approved for public use; a mere 32 clinical trials were completed for the approval
of 20 different ADHD medications with a median of 75 participants per study and a median trial
length prior to approval of only four weeks. (Bourgeois, Kim, Mandl. 2014) Antipsychotic drug
effects may vary depending on the child or adolescent, proving to be effective or counter–effective.

Autism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )
Did you know that one in every sixty–eight births are diagnosed with the Autism spectrum disorder
in other words (ASD), which is about one percent of the world's population. And that more than
three point five million people in America live with a person who has the Autism spectrum disorder.
We all know that Autism is a spectrum disorder in which an abnormality is developed in the brain. It
is a long life condition that has no cure for itself. People who have Autism face many difficulties in
their communication and their social skills. They tend to also have bipolar reactions and moods in
which one minute they'd be totally fine and normal and the next thing you know it they start to act
differently becoming more aggressive which sometimes causes them to cause tantrums. Autism a
spectrum disorder appears in the first three years of a person's childhood and remains a mystery
because of its unknown cause and unknown cure. And for that, treatments are offered by support
teams and doctors, schools offer special education which help families in many ways. All these
resources are to help families in need who are challenged by this diagnoses.
Autism remains one of the world's mysteries: It's cause is unknown, but it is said to be an
abnormality in the genes of the brain. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a physical condition
linked to abnormal biology and chemistry in the brain (Ross G. 1). All that we know right know for
a fact is that people who have autism have an abnormality

Bipolar Disorder And Its Effects On The Lives Of Patients...
When freshman (?) at Frederick Area High School in Frederick, South Dakota, was asked to
describe what bipolar disorder is, he said that it refers to people that "change personalities fast."
However, this is only a common misconception. Though the word "bipolar" is often used in
conversations to describe a person that has mood swings, bipolar disorder actually refers to a serious
mental illness. According to the Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance, about 2.6 percent of
American adults suffer from a form of bipolar disorder, and about one in five people with bipolar
disorder commits suicide. Despite the impact that bipolar disorder has on the lives of patients and
families alike, it is treated casually by many people across the United States. Even though many
treat it flippantly, bipolar disorder is a serious mental ailment, and the public needs to have a greater
understanding of it. There is a dark stigma surrounding mental illness in general, and bipolar
disorder is no exception. According to the Mental Health Commission of Western Australia, a
stigma is "a mark of disgrace that sets someone apart." Bipolar disorder is incredibly misunderstood
by society at large, which leads to this stigma, prejudice, and discrimination. In everyday
conversation, the word "bipolar" is frequently used to describe how someone is feeling at that
moment. If a person is sad one moment and becomes happy soon after, their mood swing is labelled
as "bipolar." When students and faculty at a

Symptoms And Symptoms Of Bipolar Depressive Disorder
Abstract Bipolar Depressive Disorder is a mental disorder referred to as Major Depressive Disorder
(MDD). It is ranked the sixth leading cause of disability in the world by the World Health
organization (Lopez, 2006). It is a brain–related disease that affects millions of people every year.
This essay provides the condition's description, incidence and prevalence, common characteristics,
signs and symptoms, cellular and systemic changes, causative factors, diagnosis criteria, and
treatment. According to the Center for Disease Control (CDC, 2016), bipolar disorder causes
different variations in a person's ability to function, their mood, as well as their energy. It affects
people in social aspects that not only produce damaging results to ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
It causes one to no longer derive pleasure in the activities that used to bring joy. Symptoms are not
obvious as they are usually mistaken for normal emotional levels. Without treatment, the disorder
can worsen (Stein, Kupfer & Schatzberg, 2005). The Incidence and Prevalence in the United States
and Other Parts of the World Close to 3% of people globally have become victims to this major
depressive disorder (Lopez, 2006). The lifetime rate of people diagnosed with this disorder varies in
different parts of the world. India was found to have the lowest rate at 0.1% while the U.S. leads
with a high of 4.4%. Its prevalence among the adults in the U.S. also comprises of 2.6% of the adult
population (CDC 2016). In addition, more than 80% of the bipolar disorder cases have been
classified as severe. Out of these, only 49% have been reported to be receiving treatment. It is
estimated to be the most expensive diagnosis in terms of behavioral health care (Lopez, 2006).
Among the high–income countries, the Unites States ranked highest in terms of the percent of
population suffering from the disorder. The Global Burden of Disease and Risk Factors, reports that
3 million Americans 18 years and above suffer from bipolar disorder (Lopez, 2006). A nationwide
survey reported that 6.7% of the adult population has had a bipolar period within the past twelve
months. These rates

Depression : A Psychological Disorder
Ashley Borja Ms. Fleming Intro to Psychology; Period 2 14 January 2016 Depression Depression is
a mental disorder that is a feeling of sadness that can interfere with daily life for a person and the
family and friends of the person. The some of the major signs or symptoms of depression are
thoughts of suicide, loss of interest, and appetite changes. There are many things to know about this
disorder such as what the it is, what causes it, who is afflicted by it, how it is diagnosed, and what
treatment is available. According to a research, "depression is a complex biological illness that
affects the delicate balance of brain chemicals, the signaling system used for communication
between neurons, the flow of blood through the brain, the hormones that regular dozen of body
processes, and the mechanisms involved in sleep and wakefulness." (Kim 16). There are many
different types of depression. They include major depression, persistent depressive disorder,
psychotic depression, postpartum depression, dysthymia, bipolar disorder, substance induced mood
disorder, anxious distress, mixed features, melancholic features, atypical features, and seasonal
affective disorder (SAD). Major depression is an interference "with the ability to work, study, sleep,
eat and enjoy once pleasurable activities" ("Types of Depression"). Persistent depressive disorder
lasts over a period of two years with severe symptoms that come and go on occasion. Psychotic
depression is a form of psychosis that

Bipolar Facts
6 Essential Facts You Should Know About Bipolar Disorder The first step in dealing with a
diagnosis of bipolar disorder is education. This article contains 6 essential facts you need to know
about this serious yet treatable illness. bipolar disorder, bipolar illness, manic depression, manic
episodes, bipolar symptoms Mental health authorities estimate that more than 2 million adults have
been diagnosed with bipolar disorder (also called manic–depression), a chemical imbalance in the
brain causing extreme mood swings from manic highs to agonizing lows. Although a diagnosis of
bipolar disorder can be frightening and confusing, it is a treatable and manageable condition. If you
or someone close to you has been diagnosed with bipolar illness, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Women and men are equally affected, as are children and adolescents (although a diagnosis in
children and teens is more difficult to determine). A majority of those diagnosed with bipolar
disorder have a least one family member with the illness. And children of parents with the illness are
more likely to develop it themselves. Bipolar disorder has effective treatment modalities: Bipolar
disorder is treated with medications, called mood stabilizers, to assist in controlling fluctuation in
moods. The important thing to understand about bipolar disorder is that it is a life–long, recurring
illness requiring ongoing care. In addition to medication, psychotherapy is also prescribed in the
management of the illness. Psychotherapy assists people to understand their illness and to develop
coping skills to help deal with life events and stressors that may trigger manic and depressive
episodes. Bipolar disorder has no cure: As of today, there is no known cure for bipolar disorder;
however, it is a treatable and manageable illness. With a close relationship with a mental health
professional, a proper diagnosis, and vigilant adherence to taking medications and sticking to
prescribed treatment plans, most individuals with bipolar illness lead very productive and rewarding

What´s Bipolar Disorder Diagnosed?
Bipolar disorder is a challenge facing many people around the world. Bipolar disorder is a brain
illness that causes unusual wavering changes in a person's mood. However, the mood wavering
changes that bipolar sufferers experience are sometimes so severe that it can affect their work
performance, school activities or day to day living. But the good news is that while the illness is
chronic, bipolar disorder can be treated so that persons with the disorder can lead healthy, happy
lives and be the best that they can be.
Bipolar disorder is a mental health condition that is characterized by periods of both mania and
depression; the criteria for bipolar requires at least one depressive episode and one manic episode.
There will be questions about ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Recently, a well–known actress, Catherine Zeta–Jones, revealed that she has bipolar disorder and
was seeking treatment for it. Furthermore, an example of a school program that assists school
students in Germany with mental illness is called "Crazy? So what!" The aim of this program has
been to reduce preconceptions towards people with mental illness by providing additional
information on the subject. Those who suffer from mental illness are also afforded the opportunity to
speak out about it and have the assistance of counsellors. So, the program has been so successful
that it is being expanded to other age groups.
With more groups like and the International Bipolar Foundation working towards promoting
research in mental illness including bipolar disorder, there is hope that there would be a reduction
and possible elimination of bipolar disorder in the future. However, as persons around the globe
educate themselves about bipolar disorder through opportunities, certainly by 2020 the stigma
associated with the illness would have been a thing of the

Research on Bipolar Disorder
My research focus is on bipolar disorder. I found at least two dissertations that dealt with the matter.
The first is Lauren Teresa DiPaula (2009) A chaotic companion: writers and writing with bipolar
disorder. Dissertation. Indiana University of Pennsylvania
(http://dspace.iup.edu/bitstream/handle/2069/181/Lauren%20DiPaula%20Corrected.pdf?
sequence=1) Her theme was the following: The writer conducted a thorough literatuer review of
bipolar disorder supplementing that with qualitative research in–depth open–ended series of
interviews with 21 writers who had bipolar disorder. The study was conducted over a period of three
years and involved approximately 34 hours of interviews and 585 pages of transcripts, that were
analyzed thematically. The objective of her study was to examine the effects of bipolar disorder on
writers and their writing. The questions included the following; how writers who suffer from bipolar
disorder experience writing in their lives; why they continue writing despite the disorder: contrasts
of writing style between those who have bipolar and those who do not; what inspires them to
continue writing despite the impediment; how bipolar disorder influences their reasons for writing
or not writing in the past and today; and whether they see similarities between themselves and other
writers with bipolar disorder. Researchers found that the writing process was affected by bipolar
with excessive writing occurring during the manic stage and writing

The Four Types Of Bipolar Disorder
Of the various types of mental disorders that are diagnosed every day, bipolar disorder is among the
most commonly diagnosed of all mental disorders (Williams, 2013). According to the National
Institutes of Health (2016), bipolar disorder, or manic–depression illness, is a brain disorder that has
been proven to cause unusual shifts in mood, energy, activity levels, and the ability to carry out day–
to–day tasks. Previous researchers have suggested that environmental stressors can influence how
this illness affects individuals. According to the National Institutes for Health (2013), this disorder
has affected "approximately 5.7 million adult Americans or about 2.6% of the U.S. population age
18 and older every year (National Institutes of Health, 2013)." The NIH also stated that the median
age of onset for this disorder is recorded at 25 years. However, this disorder can affect individuals at
any time of their life; this includes early childhood as well as late adulthood. ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
These types include bipolar I disorder, bipolar II disorder, cyclothymic disorder and other specified
and unspecified bipolar and related disorders. While every single type of this illness is highly
important, authors Luma Muhtadie and Sheri L. Johnson (2015), focus their study on individuals
with cyclothymia as well as others diagnosed with bipolar I disorder. Within this research paper I
will be discussing several different topics. These topics include the reason for the study, the
hypotheses, as well as how these hypotheses were tested, and finally the findings of this

Depression Symptoms And Effects Of Depression

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

More from Kelley Hunter

More from Kelley Hunter (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Depression Symptoms And Effects Of Depression