A nation is a population with a certain sense of itself, a cohesiveness, a shared history and culture, and often (but not always) a common language. A state is a government structure, usually sovereign and powerful enough to enforce its writ.

2. FOCUS QUESTIONS
1. DIFFERENTIATE STATE FROM NATION.
2. WHAT ARE THE FOUR ELEMENTS OF STATE? WHICH IS MOST
IMPORTANT?
3.WHAT ARE CATEGORIES OF STATES BASED ON STRENGTH?
4. HOW WOULD YOU CATEGORIZE THE PHILIPPINES AS A STATE? WHY?

15. NATION (BANSA)
•A NATION IS A POPULATION WITH A CERTAIN SENSE OF ITSELF, A
COHESIVENESS, A SHARED HISTORY AND CULTURE, AND OFTEN
(BUT NOT ALWAYS) A COMMON LANGUAGE.

16. STATE (ESTADO)
•A STATE IS A GOVERNMENT STRUCTURE, USUALLY SOVEREIGN
AND POWERFUL ENOUGH TO ENFORCE ITS WRIT.

19. STATE
•WITH THE ADDITION OF SOUTH SUDAN IN 2011, THERE ARE 194
STATES IN THE WORLD.

21. QUESTION FOR DISCUSSION :
•WHICH CAME FIRST, THE NATION OR THE STATE?

22. QUESTION FOR DISCUSSION :
•WHICH CAME FIRST, THE NATION OR THE STATE?
•BASED ON THE GIVEN DEFINITION, IS THE PHILIPPINES A NATION?

24. ELEMENTS OF STATE
1. POPULATION
2.TERRITORY
3.GOVERNMENT
4.SOVEREIGNTY

25. ELEMENTS OF STATE
•POPULATION – THEY ARE THE CITIZENS OR INHABITANTS,
INCLUDING THE NON-RESIDENT MEMBERS OF THE STATE.

26. ELEMENTS OF STATE
•TERRITORY – IT IS A FIXED PORTION OF THE SURFACE OF THE
EARTH INHABITED BY THE POPULATION OF THE STATE.

28. ELEMENTS OF STATE
•GOVERNMENT – THIS IS AN INSTITUTION OF A RULING POWER
AND SYSTEM THROUGH WHICH THE GOVERNMENTAL FUNCTIONS
AND AUTHORITY ARE EXERCISED. IT IS AN AGENCY OR
INSTRUMENTALITY THROUGH WHICH THE WILL OF THE STATE IS
FORMULATED, EXPRESSED AND REALIZED.

30. ELEMENTS OF STATE
•SOVEREIGNTY – A SUPREME AND UNCONTROLLABLE POWER
INHERENT IN A STATE AND BY WHICH THE STATE IS GOVERNED.

31. ELEMENTS OF STATE
•SOVEREIGNTY IS AN ABSOLUTE, INDEPENDENT, AND RULING
POWER OF THE STATE FROM WHICH ALL SPECIFIC POWERS OF
FORGING, EXECUTING AND ADMINISTERING LAWS ARE DERIVED,
AND WHICH IS “FREE FROM FOREIGN INTERFERENCE”.

33. • MANILA,PHILIPPINES | PHILIPPINE AUTHORITIES HAVE ARRESTED, DETAINED AND INTEND TO DEPORT A 71-
YEAR-OLD AUSTRALIAN NUN FOR ALLEGEDLY ENGAGING IN ILLEGAL POLITICAL ACTIVITIES.
• UCANEWS.COM REPORTED IMMIGRATION OFFICERS ARRESTED SISTER PATRICIA FOX, PHILIPPINE SUPERIOR
OF THE SISTERS OF OUR LADY OF SION, AT HER CONVENT IN QUEZON CITY APRIL 16.
• ALTHOUGH THE PROSECUTOR IN CHARGE “FOUND NO PROBABLE CAUSE” FOR HER ARREST AND ORDERED THE
NUN’S “RELEASE FOR FURTHER INVESTIGATION,” IMMIGRATION OFFICIALS INSISTED ON THE NUN’S DETENTION.
• THEY SAID SISTER FOX FAILED TO SURRENDER HER PASSPORT TO THE BUREAU. THE NUN SAID HER
DOCUMENTS WERE WITH A TRAVEL AGENCY.
• SISTER FOX WAS DETAINED AT THE BUREAU’S INTELLIGENCE DIVISION BUT WAS RELEASED APRIL 17.

34. QUESTION FOR DISCUSSION :
•WHICH IS THE MOST IMPORTANT ELEMENT OF A STATE?

35. QUESTION FOR DISCUSSION :
•WHICH IS THE MOST IMPORTANT ELEMENT OF A STATE?
•DOES THE PHILIPPINES EXERCISE COMPLETE SOVEREIGNTY OVER
ALL ITS TERRITORY?

38. CATEGORIES OF STATES
BASED ON STRENGTH
1. EFFECTIVE STATES
2.WEAK STATES
3.FAILED STATES

39. EFFECTIVE STATES
•CONTROL AND TAX THEIR ENTIRE TERRITORY.
•LAWS ARE MOSTLY OBEYED.
•GOVERNMENT LOOKS AFTER THE GENERAL WELFARE AND
SECURITY.
•CORRUPTION IS FAIRLY MINOR.

40. WEAK STATES
•CHARACTERIZED BY THE PENETRATION OF CRIME INTO POLITICS.
•JUSTICE IS BOUGHT.
•DEMOCRACY IS PREACHED MORE THAN PRACTICED.
•LITTLE IS COLLECTED IN TAXATION.
•REVENUES FROM NATURAL RESOURCES DISAPPEAR INTO PRIVATE POCKETS

41. FAILED STATES
•HAVE ESSENTIALLY NO NATIONAL GOVERNMENT
•WARLORDS, MILITIAS, AND DRUG LORDS DO AS THEY WISH.
•THERE IS NO LAW BESIDES THE GUN.
•TERRITORIAL BREAKUP THREATENS.
•EDUCATION AND HEALTH STANDARDS PLUNGE

42. QUESTION FOR DISCUSSION :
•HOW WOULD YOU CATEGORIZE THE PHILIPPINES AS A STATE? IS
IT EFFECTIVE, WEAK OR FAILED?

45. REFERENCES
1. ROBERTO C. BUENAFLOR, POLITICS,GOVERNANCE,AND
CONSTITUTION OF THE PHILIPPINES, GREAT BOOKS TRADING,
2016, QUEZON CITY
2.ROSKIN ET AL, POLITICALSCIENCE:AN INTRODUCTION14TH
EDITION, PEARSON EDUCATION, INC., 2017