Comparative politics covers the study of political experience within more than one nation-state for the purpose of making systematic comparisons.

2. FOCUS QUESTIONS
1. DEFINE GLOBALIZATION AND DEMOCRATIZATION.
2.DEFINE GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS.
3.DIFFERENTIATE THE EMPIRICAL AND NORMATIVE APPROACHES
IN COMPARING COUNTRIES.
4.HOW DO WE COMPARE COUNTRIES?

3. CRITICAL JUNCTURES
IN RECENT HISTORY

4. CRITICAL JUNCTURES IN RECENT HISTORY
1. 1989
2.SEPTEMBER 11, 2001
3.2008
4.2011
5.2014

13. CRITICAL JUNCTURES IN RECENT HISTORY
1. 1989 – FALL OF COMMUNISM
2.SEPTEMBER 11, 2001 – WTO TERROR ATTACK
3.2008 – GLOBAL FINANCIAL CRISIS
4.2011 – ARAB SPRING
5.2014 – RUSSIAN INTERVENTION IN UKRAINE

14. GLOBALIZATION
•AN INTEGRATION OF SOCIAL, ENVIRONMENTAL, ECONOMIC, AND
CULTURAL ACTIVITIES OF NATIONS THAT HAS RESULTED FROM
INCREASING INTERNATIONAL CONTACTS.

15. DEMOCRATIZATION
•THE INTRODUCTION OF A DEMOCRATIC SYSTEM OR DEMOCRATIC
PRINCIPLES.
•PROCESS BY WHICH DEMOCRACY EXPANDS, WITHIN A STATE OR
ACROSS THE WORLD.

16. However…

21. GOVERNMENT
•A REFERENCE TO THE LEADERSHIP AND INSTITUTIONS THAT MAKE
POLICY DECISIONS FOR A COUNTRY

22. POLITICS
•IT IS THE ONGOING COMPETITION BETWEEN PEOPLE, USUALLY IN
GROUPS, TO SHAPE POLICY IN THEIR FAVOR.
•POLITICS IS BASICALLY ALL ABOUT POWER.
•WHO HAS IT? HOW DID THEY GET IT? WHAT DO THEY DO WITH IT?

25. COMPARATIVE POLITICS
•COVERS THE STUDY OF POLITICAL EXPERIENCE WITHIN MORE
THAN ONE NATION-STATE FOR THE PURPOSE OF MAKING
SYSTEMATIC COMPARISONS.

26. SUB-FIELDS OF POLITICAL SCIENCE
1. POLITICAL THEORY AND
PHILOSOPHY
2. CIVICS
3. COMPARATIVE POLITICS
4. POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS
5. POLITICAL BEHAVIOR
6. POLITICAL ECONOMY
7. INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
8. PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
9. PUBLIC POLICY

27. Why do we compare?

28. APPROACHES IN COMPARISON
•EMPIRICAL - BASED ON FACTUAL STATEMENTS AND STATISTICS
•NORMATIVE - REQUIRE VALUE-RELATED JUDGMENTS

29. How do we compare
countries?

30. THE THREE-WORLD APPROACH
1. FIRST WORLD – THE UNITED STATES AND ITS ALLIES
2.SECOND WORLD - THE SOVIET UNION AND ITS ALLIES
3.THIRD WORLD - NATIONS THAT DID NOT FIT INTO THE FIRST
TWO CATEGORIES AND WERE ECONOMICALLY
UNDERDEVELOPED AND DEPRIVED

32. However…

34. NEWER TYPES OF COMPARISON
1. IMPACT OF INFORMAL POLITICS
2.IMPORTANCE OF POLITICAL CHANGE
3.INTEGRATION OF POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC SYSTEMS

35. IMPACT OF INFORMAL POLITICS
•INFORMAL POLITICS TAKES INTO CONSIDERATION NOT ONLY THE
WAYS THAT POLITICIANS OPERATE OUTSIDE THEIR FORMAL
POWERS, BUT ALSO THE IMPACT THAT BELIEFS, VALUES, AND
ACTIONS OF ORDINARY CITIZENS HAVE ON POLICY-MAKING

36. IMPACT OF INFORMAL POLITICS
•CIVIL SOCIETY - THE WAY THAT CITIZENS ORGANIZE AND DEFINE
THEMSELVES AND THEIR INTERESTS

37. IMPORTANCE OF POLITICAL CHANGE
•SINCE 1991, THE WORLD NO LONGER HAS BEEN DOMINATED BY
TWO SUPERPOWERS.
•UNIPOLAR OR MULTIPOLAR WORLD?
•IT CREATES AN OPPORTUNITY TO COMPARE THE IMPACT OF
CHANGE ON MANY DIFFERENT COUNTRIES?

38. INTEGRATION OF POLITICAL
AND ECONOMIC SYSTEMS
•POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC SYSTEMS ARE THEORETICALLY
SEPARATE BUT ARE ACTUALLY LINKED.
•EXAMPLE: CAPITALISM AND COMMUNISM
•HOW DO GOVERNMENTS RESPOND TO ECONOMIC PROBLEMS?

39. CATEGORIES OF COUNTRIES
1. ADVANCED DEMOCRACIES
2.COMMUNIST AND POST-COMMUNIST COUNTRIES
3.LESS-DEVELOPED AND NEWLY-INDUSTRIALIZING COUNTRIES

40. ADVANCED DEMOCRACIES
•COUNTRIES THAT HAVE WELL-ESTABLISHED DEMOCRATIC
GOVERNMENTS AND A HIGH LEVEL OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

41. ADVANCED DEMOCRACIES
•COUNTRIES WITH INSTITUTIONAL DEMOCRACY AND A HIGH
LEVEL OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND PROSPERITY (GDP AT
PPP OVER $8000 AND IN THE TOP THIRD ON THE HDI).
•EXAMPLES: USA, UK, EU, JAPAN

43. COMMUNIST
AND POST-COMMUNIST COUNTRIES
•COUNTRIES THAT HAVE SOUGHT TO CREATE A SYSTEM THAT
LIMITS INDIVIDUAL FREEDOMS IN ORDER TO DIVIDE WEALTH
MORE EQUALLY.
•EXAMPLES: RUSSIA, CHINA, NORTH KOREA, CUBA

46. LESS-DEVELOPED AND
NEWLY-INDUSTRIALIZING COUNTRIES
•NEWLY-INDUSTRIALIZING COUNTRIES - ARE EXPERIENCING
RAPID ECONOMIC GROWTH, AND ALSO HAVE SHOWN A
TENDENCY TOWARD DEMOCRATIZATION
•EXAMPLES: MEXICO, PHILIPPINES

48. LESS-DEVELOPED AND
NEWLY-INDUSTRIALIZING COUNTRIES
•LESS-DEVELOPED COUNTRIES - LACK SIGNIFICANT ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT, AND THEY ALSO TEND TO HAVE AUTHORITARIAN
GOVERNMENTS
•EXAMPLES: NIGERIA

52. REFERENCES
1. ETHEL WOOD, AP COMPARATIVE GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS:
AN ESSENTIAL COURSEBOOK 7TH EDITION, WOODYARD
PUBLICATIONS, 2015
2.MARK KESSELMAN ET AL. INTRODUCTION TO COMPARATIVE
POLITICS:POLITICALCHALLENGES AND CHANGING AGENDAS,
7TH EDITION. CENGAGE LEARNING. 2016