2. Public Administration
Public administration is a field in which
leaders serve communities to advance the
common good and effect positive change.
Public administration professionals are
equipped with skills to manage at all levels of
government (local, state, and federal) as well
as nonprofit organizations.
4. 1. HISTORICAL APPROACH
The Historical approach to public
administration focuses on the
administrative systems, process and
policies practiced in the past and then
try to interpret them relevantly in the
context of present times.
5. 2. LEGAL APPROACH
The legal approach to public administration is
related to the judicial functions in government
which emphasizes the administrators' role
in applying and enforcing the law. It is also
concerned with the adjudicatory role of public
organizations.
6. 3. PHILOSOPHICAL APPROACH
By a philosophy of public administration is
meant that scheme of classification and
analysis, which looks at values of the
administrative structures and the values
and expectations of the individuals or
society it ought to serve.
By a philosophy of public administration is meant that scheme of
classification and analysis, which looks at values of the administrative
structures and the values and expectations of the individuals or society it
ought to serve.
7. 4. SYSTEMS APPROACH
The systems approach — including systems
analysis, operations research, management
science, and systems engineering — is a
practical philosophy for executing
decision-oriented interdisciplinary
research, based on quantitative models of
a total problem.
8. 5. CASE METHOD APPROACH
As in management, the case method is
the most popular and practical way to
learn. The aim of this method is to
show to the student real examples and
help them to understand how the
theory studied can be applied.
9. 6. MECHANICAL OR MANAGERIAL
APPROACH
The managerial approach to public
administration is related to
executive functions in the
government which emphasizes the
management and organization of
public organizations.
10. 7. BEHAVIOURAL APPROACH
Behavioral public administration can be
described as the interdisciplinary analysis
of public administration from the micro-
perspective of individual behavior and
attitudes by drawing upon recent
advances in our under- standing of the
underlying psychology and behavior of
individuals and groups.