2. Stages
1. Gateway Activity
2. Research an Issue
3. Practicing warrants
4. Drafting an Essay
5. Peer-Group Response and Author
Revision
6. Attending to bibliographic form
3. The basic procedures involved
in argumentation research
papers:
Take position on an issue
Support claims
Include warrants
Anticipate counterarguments and
counterevidence
Respond
Cite sources
4. Stage 1: Gateway Activity
Begin by debating an interesting,
controversial topic
Discuss components of the debate
5. Stage 2: Research an Issue
Introduce a current issue
Have open discussion
OR
Have student work in small groups
Then have a classroom discussion
OR
Have student do research
6. Stage 3: Practicing Warrants
Students may have little experience with
warrants
Take time to practice warrants
7. Stage 4: Drafting an Essay
Planning process
Should use graphic organizers
8. Stage 5: Peer-Group Response
and Author Revision
Use guided questions for peer reviews
Purpose: to point out areas in which, the
evidence is not sufficient to support a
claim and suggest additional evidence
9. Types of Guided Questions
Is the Author’s overall thesis stated and fleshed
out clearly and consistently in the intro?
Does the argument come across a series of
related claims?
Is each claim supported by evidence?
Is the evidence tied to a claim by a warrant?
Is there a counterargument or counterevidence
stated or rebutted?
Does the concluding paragraph sum the
Author’s position and restate the thesis?
Does the paper itself make sense or veer away
from the thesis?
10. Stage 6: Attending to
bibliographic form
Should consist of logical sequence of
information with appropriate
paragraphing
Students should learn A style rather than
THE style
Online sources are a convenient way to
let students see appropriate orders to list
segments of citations.
11. What makes this sequence a
structured process approach?
Scaffolds students’ learning as they argue
based on what they already know and
extend their knowledge
Students help one another to develop
argument strategies and find evidence to
support their claims
Helps students respond to opposing
perspectives critically and openly
12. Please get in the following
groups:
1. Tiffany, Emily, Amy, Joey
2. Jessica, Cali, Nybria, Devynn
3. Elyssa, Rebecca, Kerry, Mary, Candace
4. Stephanie, Brandon, Jana, Alessandra,
Sam
Editor's Notes
Reminds students features of effective argument, organizing their material, and get sense of order which they should present their claims.
Research thus becomes a tool for arguing convincingly rather than a task to be completed in isolation.
Students become more articulate and persuasive; argue to learn: exchange views as a way to grow intellectually and come to a clearer understanding of who they are and what they believe.