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1. The Crusades Dbq Essay
Kateri McFall
Smedley
Social Studies
2.21.18
"And we kept going on (July – August 1097), pursuing the most iniquitous Turks who fled each day
before us..." This quote from Usamah, an Arab from the Twelfth Century, shows the strenuous effort
the Arabs put towards fighting in the Crusades. The Crusades lasted for about 200 years, between
the Europeans and Muslims. Due to the immense benefits received, the Crusades' results did justify
the means. The Europeans learned much from the Arabs; they brought back innovative ideas about
different topics. They also fought against the potential tyranny, which all must do. Although many
died, many of the results were positive, outweighing the negative aspects. The Crusades stretched
from 1096 and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Seljuk Turks had been attacking the Byzantines for many YEARS. The Western church, when
called on by their Eastern Christian brothers, sent their men to aid in defense from the invasions of
the Turks. The Crusaders' additional motive of regaining the Holy Land was not the first goal in
their minds; they originally wanted to aid their allies in the East. The Europeans had to fight the
potential tyranny, just as the Americans did against the tyrant, Hitler. The Americans fought for their
belief, and although some fought for religious purposes, most did not; they fought to help the Jews
and prevent the Nazi's from taking over the world. Likewise, the Crusaders fought for their beliefs,
and although some killed the Turks because of their religion, most did not; they fought to stop the
invasions into the Byzantine Church's land. The Eastern Church may have eventually been
oppressed by the Turks if they had not fought back and asked for allies, much like the Irish against
the British. This is an often–overlooked reason, for why the Crusades were necessary; they did not
fight merely because they wished to have the Holy Land, they fought for their Christian allies in the
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3. Review Of ' The Kitab Al Fihrist '
Early references[edit] In 988 Ibn al–Nadim compiled the Kitab al–Fihrist which mentions Jabir as a
spiritual follower and as a companion to Jafar as–Sadiq, the sixth Shia Imam. In another reference
al–Nadim reports that a group of philosophers claimed Jabir was one of their own members. Another
group, reported by al–Nadim, says only The Large Book of Mercy is genuine and that the rest are
pseudographical. Their assertions are rejected by al–Nadim.[9] Joining al–Nadim in asserting a real
Jabir; Ibn–Wahshiyya ("Jaber ibn Hayyn al–Sufi ...book on poison is a great work...") Rejecting a
real Jabir; (the philosopher c. 970) Abu Sulayman al–Mantiqi claims the real author is one al–Hasan
ibn al–Nakad al–Mawili. The 14th century critic of Arabic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
After the Abbasids took power, Jabir went back to Kufa. He began his career practicing medicine,
under the patronage of a Vizir (from the noble Persian family Barmakids) of Caliph Harun al–
Rashid. His connections to the Barmakid cost him dearly in the end. When that family fell from
grace in 803, Jabir was placed under house arrest in Kufa, where he remained until his death. It has
been asserted that Jabir was a student of the sixth Imam Ja 'far al–Sadiq and Harbi al–Himyari;[9]
[17] however, other scholars have questioned this theory.[18] The Jabirian corpus[edit] An
illustration of the various experiments and instruments used by Jabir Ibn Hayyan. In total, nearly
3,000 treatises and articles are credited to Jabir ibn Hayyan.[19] Following the pioneering work of
Paul Kraus, who demonstrated that a corpus of some several hundred works ascribed to Jābir were
probably a medley from different hands,[11]:3[20] mostly dating to the late 9th and early 10th
centuries, many scholars believe that many of these works consist of commentaries and additions by
his followers,[citation needed] particularly of an Ismaili persuasion.[21] The scope of the corpus is
vast: cosmology, music, medicine, magic, biology, chemical technology, geometry, grammar,
metaphysics, logic, artificial generation of living beings, along with astrological predictions, and
symbolic Imâmî myths.[11]:5 The 112 Books
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5. Quantum Mechanics and Islam Essay
Introduction
Quantum mechanics or also known as quantum physics is a field of science which studies the
behaviour of particles at sub–atomic level. This theory tells us that short–lived pairs of particles and
their antiparticles are constantly being created and destroyed in an apparently empty space.
In quantum mechanics the weird behaviour of electrons are not accurately explained and until now
not a single theory is acceptable by the whole scientific community to postulate the phenomena. The
electrons become linked, or entangled, such that changing one invariably affects the other, no matter
how far apart they are; something Einstein called "spooky action at a distance". Quantum stuff can
also exist in several places at once, or spin ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The inadequacy and weaknesses of modern science is thus manifested as a result of its ignorance on
other sources of scientific knowledge such as metaphysical and spiritual knowledge which is proven
successful by previous Muslim scientists during the period of medieval Islam.
In Islamic science, cosmology plays an important role as a link between pure metaphysics and the
particular sciences and acts as a source of conceptual framework for the unity of science and
spiritual knowledge. There are a number of cosmological principles in Islamic science which are
formulated based on the relevant Qur'anic verses, prophetic traditions and intuitive knowledge of
famous traditional Muslim scholars. In this study, the principles and ideas of quantum mechanics are
presented in a simplified manner for easy understanding of the subject matter, followed by the
application of the principles in Islamic science wherein the relevant issues are discussed
accordingly.
A Brief History of Quantum Mechanics
Quantum theory began to take shape in the early 20th century, when classical ideas failed to explain
some observations. Previous theories allowed atoms to vibrate at any frequency, leading to incorrect
predictions that they could radiate infinite amounts of energy; a problem known as the ultraviolet
catastrophe. Max Planck in 1900 solved this problem by assuming the vibrations of atoms at specific
or
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7. Muslim Spain (711-1492)
Over a thousand years ago, Europe experienced one of its greatest periods of cultural
enlightenment.Islam in Spain has had a fundamental presence in the culture and history of the
nation. The religion was present inmodern Spanish soil from 711 until 1492 under the rule of the
Arabs and Moors of al–Andalus.Islamic Spain was a multi–cultural mix of the people of three great
monotheistic religions: Muslims,Christians, and Jews.For more than three centuries in Medieval
Spain, Muslims, Jews and Christians lived together and prospered in a thriving multicultural
civilization. Here, remarkable individuals of different faiths made lasting contributions in such areas
as poetry, art, architecture, music, dining etiquette, science, agriculture, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Tariq ibn Ziyad crossed the Straight of 'Gibraltar' at first with the sole intention of avenging king
Roderic for the crime he committed. However, because of the weakness of the kingdom due to civil
war, Tariq opted to continue his occupation of Roderic's entire empire. Another theory for the
occupation by the Arab Muslims of Spain is that because of their persecution, the Jews called upon
their contacts in North Africa, who in turn encouraged the able Arabs to capture Spain. This allowed
the Almoravids and the Almohads to establish themselves in Spain.Nevertheless, without a doubt,
the Jews supported and welcomed Muslims in Spain because they were great beneficiaries under
Muslim rule. Rule The majority of the Army as well as commander Tariq himself were not Arab but
Islamic Berbers, and in timeIslamic migrants from places as diverse as North Africa to Yemen and
Syria came to live in the Iberian peninsula.The Islamic rulers called the Iberian peninsula "Al–
Andalus", which some say means "Paradise." That was the rootfor the name of the present–day
region of Andalusia, the southernmost region of Spain. For a time, the area that is today Spain and
Portugal was one of the great Muslim civilizations, reaching its summitwith the Umayyad Caliphate
in the 10th century.Muslim Spain was not a single period, but a succession of different rules.
Muslim Spain had the following chronological phases: The Emirate
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9. What Is The Characterization Of The Alchemist
SUMMARY:
The Alchemist is an inspiring story about following your dreams and self–discovery. A young
Spanish shepherd, called Santiago, longs to travel the world. He dreams of a fabulous treasure
buried in Egypt one night, and he is determined to set out in search of it. A mysterious man claiming
to be the ancient King of Salem as well as a gypsy fortune teller guide Santiago and he is soon
headed to North Africa.
The young explorer transverses the Strait of Gibraltar and reaches Tangier, where he is robbed of all
his money. By working hard he earns enough money to join a caravan across the desert. Santiago
meets an Englishman who introduces him to the subject and history of alchemy. He survives an
attack by raiding tribesmen, and falls ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Once Santiago reaches the Pyramids, he is ready for the frustration of not finding the treasure there
– and prepared to embrace the revelation that it is to be found in a very unanticipated place... and in
himself.
CHARACTERIZATION:
Santiago;
The protagonist of The Alchemist is young Santiago, who at the start of the novel is presented as a
uncomplicated yet educated shepherd who longs to discover the world and the meaning to be found
in it. He seems to symbolize all human beings on their quests of self–discovery. However, he is also
strange in his eagerness to listen to his own heart and to the elements around him, and is competent
to stay strong in pursuit.
The Alchemist;
This mystic man and his famous abilities have numerous men to learn to turn metal into gold, and
the mythical magic that borders his desert enchants even those who never meet him. However, he
approaches Santiago assuming him to be the boy who was prophesied would depict the flight of the
hawks, and is not disheartened in the youngster's infatuation for pursuing his Personal Legend. The
alchemist as a legend, but more as a man, establishes the power of following dreams wherever they
may
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11. Analytical Essay: The Effects Of The Crusades On Europe
The Effects of the Crusades on Europe Almost 1,000 years ago marks the date of the European's first
deathly and devastating, yet glorious and faith–driven, crusade. (Baker, 2014, p. 71) A series of
European holy wars, whose main goal was to spread the Christian word, ran from the eleventh to the
thirteenth century. The Crusades were a financial disaster which brought both some good and,
inherently, some bad. (Clark, 2001) From the advancement of Europe's development to tens of
thousands of deaths, the crusades had undoubtedly effected Europe and left a reputation of hatred
between the Christians and Muslims up until today. (Ellis, Esler, & Beers, 2003, p. 217) It is
undeniable that Europe benefited the most from the crusades, with their development of ideas,
economic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Not only materialistic objects were exposed to them, but as well as knowledge of Middle Eastern
ideas; such as those of education, science, warfare, architecture, and philosophy. (Fries, 2014) Some
of the material things they discovered and acquired were various goods such as apricots, lemons,
rice, dyes, spices, perfume, soap, and glass mirrors, sugar dates, and coffee. (Kindersley, 2007)
These new luxuries also produced Europeans with a new sense of social standing. The wealthy
Europeans could show off their new foods on their dinner tables as a sign of their wealth and
importance. (What Impact Did the Crusades Have on Europe?, n.d.) Europeans had new household
items imported from the Middle East, a distinct sign of the two cultures' diffusion. They had new
items such as mirrors, cotton cloth, carpets, mattresses, shawls, writing paper, and wheelbarrows.
The new dyes important allowed upper class Europeans to dress in a more lavish and luxurious
manner with new bright colored clothing. (What Impact Did the Crusades Have on Europe?,
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