The Rise of American Authoritarianism

Authoritarian Personality Is A Personality Type
Authoritarian Personality is a personality type in which an individual inhibits prejudice It is caused
by a variety of certain circumstances, which were narrowed down by Adorno, Frenkel–Brunswik,
Levinson, and Sanford during the year 1950. Through many tests and analysis of over 2,000
respondents from middle classes Whites to inmates of San Quentin State Prison, they were able to
figure out the characteristics associated with authoritarian personality. The characteristics include
compliance in beliefs of conventional values, not having criticism towards authority and complying
to authority, and concern regarding power and toughness. Also, the intolerance of those with the
authoritarian personality is related to aggression towards people that do not oblige to authority or
conventional norms. Researchers believe that a rigid upbringing leads those who an authoritarian
personality to treat others like how they were treated. Bogardus scale was created by Emory
Bogardus in 1968 to measure social distance empirically. The scale determines the desire of people
in associate with different racial and ethnic groups during certain social situations. After 70 years of
administering the test, certain patterns have formed. White Americans and northern Europeans are
on the top of the hierarchy. Eastern and southern Europeans are at a greater social distance and racial
minorities are on the bottom.
Color–blind racism has been known as "laissez–faire" or "postracialism" or
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Jung Typology Test
Learning about myself can be shocking sometimes because somethings you don't know can be a slap
in the face. When I was told that I had to take The Jung Typology Test and The Disc Personality Test
I wondered what they were because I had never taken them before but according both test I am
strong willed I am very interactive and decisive. The Jung personality test results came back that I
was an Extravert, Sensing, Feeling, and a Judging type of person. It made me think am I? After I
thought about it I discovered that I am. Looking at the Myers–Briggs Video he helped me get a
better understanding and it was true. He said that when you are an extravert you draw energy from
people, and you prefer a crowd rather than being by yourself which

Chronic Disease
"The Rise of American Authoritarianism" The greatest threat to democracy as a way of life, not just
a political arrangement, but as an attitude of mind – is authoritarianism. Authoritarianism is stoked
by fear, both rational and irrational, and it looks to a strong punitive leader who promises to use
force to end threats by outsiders and persons "not like us." It seeks order and stability at all costs. It
subscribes to a command–and–obey or "top down" or hierarchical mentality. This is directly
opposed to a democratic or "horizontal" mentality, characterized by openmindness, cooperation, and
respect for others as equals.
In the article, "The Rise of American Authoritarianism," Amanda Taub makes three claims: First,
Donald Trump is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Where did these supporters come from in such numbers, seemingly out of nowhere? Understanding
authoritarianism seems to be the key. Taub explains, MacWilliams' research is "not actual dictators,
but rather a psychological profile of individual voters that is characterized by a desire for order and
a fear of outsiders. People who score high in authoritarianism, when they feel threatened, look for
strong leaders who promise to take whatever action necessary to protect them from outsiders and
prevent the changes they fear." Surely, that description fits Trump. Soon, MacWilliams connected
with Marc Hetherington and Jonathan Weiler, political scientists who in 2009 book essentially
predicted the rise of a Trump: "The GOP, by positioning itself as the party of traditional values and
law and order, had unknowingly attracted what would turn out to be a vast and previously bipartisan
population of Americans with authoritarian tendencies." Namely, America already has a three party
system: Democrats, the GOP establishment and GOP authoritarians. if Trump were to lose the
nomination, his authoritarian supporters would remain.
That leads to the need to understand what it is that motivates authoritarianism. What is it that
translates latent views about child–rearing into a

Weaknesses Of The Trait Theory: Strength And Approaches
As mentioned above, both theories explain personality in two different ways. However, both
theories resent strengths and weaknesses in their approaches.
The trait theory was elaborated years earlier, instead of the personal construct theory; indeed, a
strength in the Eysenck and Ranchman's (1964) approach was more influential and it has been tested
widely, conversely to Kelly's (1995) approach that was elaborated later and had less impact on the
field. However, nowadays the PCT have a strong influence on modern therapy (e.g. CBT).
Despite this, personal construct theory was criticised for the lack of the possibility to compare and
generalised the findings across the wider population, which instead seems to be a strength of trait
theory.
The use of Eysenck personality inventory allowed the comparison between a large group of
individuals, useful for organisations that need to identify trends in certain populations. E.g.
questionnaires were used in the US to seek out left wing sympathisers.
However, Richard (2002) criticised the methods used by the trait theory concerning how a
questionnaire can measure personality and how the findings can be interpreted. Moreover, Richard
(2002) argued about the trait elaborated after the Second World War, e.g. the 'authoritarian ... Show
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reliable, honest and constant suggesting endurability and comparisons. Having their foundation in
everyday language uses is the features that build different traits. Theorists claim that the fact that we
use trait terms in daily life indicates their utility; they employed a 'psycholexical approach' that
begins with familiar terms and looked at how people rate others on trait dimensions. Language could
be used for assessing suitability for employment by occupational psychologists to decide which
individuals are best suited to particular employment (Butt,

Middle Childhood Development
Early through Middle Childhood Development
Birth to Early Childhood
Before considering my personality as a child, it is important to mention the series of events that
influenced my personality by the age of eight. Before year eight, I would consider my family; e.g.,
younger brother and sister, to be developing emotional, social, physical, and strong academic
nurturing support from our mother. Our reality transformed one day in 1980, Big Al (my father)
abandoned the four of us for another family. This was the dominating force that altered my
developing personality. With this new reality, my family was soon evicted and relocated to live with
other family members. We lived in a single bedroom of a small, beige, shotgun house in New
Orleans. My mothers' emotional state suffered; she had become financially responsible for three
children with no former education and work skills. She was ... Show more content on
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Otherwise, my stages of development and personality development did not suffer too much because
of the foundation in which my mother grounded me. Broderick & Blewitt (2015), best describe the
ways in which my neurobiology is affected in the forebrain: the amygdala influences motivation,
emotion, and controls fear responses and interpretation of nonverbal and/or emotional expressions.
The hippocampus plays a role in my emotions, my inability to remember, and the inability to
compare sensory information to expectations. The medulla part of the hindbrain is where nerves
cross from one side of the body to the opposite side of the brain. The reticular formation is a system
of nerves running from the hindbrain through the midbrain to the cerebral cortex, controlling arousal
and attention. And lastly, the cerebral cortex controls complex thought processes. Now, how has this
affected my development? The chemical and neurotransmitters are imbalanced and short–circuited–
not damaged–and can be repaired (p. 59, figure

Police Working Personality
5. Police Working Personality – The textbook definition of the term Police Working Personality, is
"all aspects of the traditional values and pattern of behavior evidenced by police officers who have
been effectively socialized into the police subculture. Characteristics of the police personality often
extend to the personal lives of law enforcement personnel" (Schmalleger 242). In 1960, a renowned
criminologist by the name of Jerome Skolnick termed the description of the police personality as
"Police Working Personality." Arthur Niederhoffer made the observation that cynicism was
pervasive among officers in New York City and more recent authors have claimed that the "big
curtain of secrecy" surrounding much of police work shields knowledge ... Show more content on
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There are a total of around 10 police misconduct activities that are listed in the textbook. The lowest
level of misconduct involved "Gratuities," which are defined as acceptance of small favors such as
free coffee and meals. There is "Playing Favorites," which involves selective enforcement of the
law, as in not ticketing friends. There are "Minor Bribes," that involved acceptance of minor sums of
money in return for favors, such as looking the way on a ticket. There's also "Being above
'inconvenient law,'" that refers to violation of laws against speeding, smoking marijuana, drinking.
Another type of police misconduct is "Role Malfeasance," in which there is destruction of evidence,
biased testimony, or protection of "crooked cops." There are "Major Bribes," which involves
acceptance of large sums of money in return for overlooking violations of the law. As well as,
"Property Crimes," that include police officers committing burglary, theft, etc. Second to last of the
high–level police misconduct's involve "Denial of Civil Rights," which are routinized schemes to
circumvent constitutional guarantees of due process, such as planting evidence. Finally, the highest–
level of police misconduct activities listed in the book is "violent crimes," which involves physical
abuse of suspects, including torture and nonjustifiable homicide. The impact of all of these types of
police misconduct is the embarrassment caused by the misconduct which can damage the public
trust, undermine

Generally, United States Citizens Subscribe To The Idea
Generally, United States citizens subscribe to the idea that its people are not treated equally. Our
population originates from abundantly diverse genealogies and environments, thus, producing an
environment that is challenging for us to all be equal, and to be content with the way we are treated.
Prejudice unquestionably exists in American society today, and I submit that it continues as
evidenced by authoritarian personalities and normative behavior. The video, "Single Story", depicts
the existence of prejudice by means of a true story. The United States is comprised of a plethora of
races, social classes, and ethnicities. I postulate that as a country, we consciously attempt to
ameliorate negative effects of the environment, and assist ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
According to the article "Authoritarianism, socioethnic diversity and political participation across
countries"; "Authoritarians are more likely to display intolerant and punitive attitudes when they
perceive a threat to the social cohesion of the in–group" (Singh). This identifies that authoritarian
behavior occurs when someone does not understand when something goes wrong, that they are more
likely to become very upset over the situation. "Stenner (2005), for example, finds that
authoritarians become more intolerant and punitive when exposed to threats to the values and
institutions that characterize the in–group, while non–authoritarians tend to become more tolerant
and understanding" (SINGH). This quote establishes the actions of an authoritarian; identifying their
respective lack of understanding if something goes wrong, and that they are unsure of how to cope
with the situation that is placed in front of them. Authoritarian personalities play a role with
prejudice, in that they are judgmental of others, they perceive themselves to decidedly be right, and
do not allow themselves to get to know others. This theory is very significant to American society
because it does not allow people to strive to their full potential. "The normative theory of racial
prejudice holds that such prejudice is a

The Term Objectives Of Privat Bank
Private Bank, which is taking steps towards to its long–term aims, will continue to be a reliable
solution partner, and to offer fruitful, high quality products and services. The main aims of Privat
Bank are to protect the quality of its assets' structure, and synchronously to continue to increase the
profit value for all social partners, shareholders, employees, clients and the nation. Privat Bank,
which began to operate after being purchased from The Privazation Office in 1997 , completed its
construction within a short time and took its place among the respected banks in banking sector of
Ukraine. TRIANTAL INVESTMENTS LTD name has played an important role in Privat Bank's
being accepted as a both nationally and internationally risky establishment. Privat Bank, which
gives every service of institutional and individual banking fields to its customers , is an assertive
establishment in producing rapidly suitable solutions to the changing necessities of customers. Its
technological structure with developing physical and alternative distribution channels greatly
contributes to its efforts in this area. However, the most contributing factor in this scope is its
effective staff.
3.2. Human Resource Management Processes
3.2.1. Recruitment & Selection The rapidly developing and expanding bank, Privat ... Show more
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But, while taking employee for communication centre and smaller parts is matter, the bank agrees
with a HR consultant firm and outsources this service by taking advantage of foreign sources
because of inadequate cost to undertake these duties. Taking employees for Denizbank is usually
done according to its necessities. These necessities are uncovered by being analyzed according to
specific norms. However, the general applications fot inexperienced candidates taking employees
for positions of trainees are done with periodic

An Essay About Travelling
I try to get away as often as possible because travelling is the most awesome thing to do in this
world. Travel is a powerful tool for personality development. It can teach us a lot about other
countries and about ourselves. You can experience the happiest moments through your limited
travels. Travelling introduces us with several ups and downs of life.
If you are less fortunate to travel, you might feel little strange about what I am discussing. How can
travel help me know the place I already belong? Well we all take things for granted to a certain limit,
which includes things like electricity, transport, food, water and safety. Travelling to a country
where these basic things are unavailable will open your eyes.
If you visit places where people are struggling for basic necessities of life you will realize how
much you took things for granted. Comparing yourself with those people will ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
I wanted to learn a lot about that language but I was surprised, I learnt things about myself.
Travelling helps a lot to understand yourself better. We live in a busy routine life, which makes it
difficult to know about ourselves. It is necessary to take time in looking at yourself and understand
your strengths and weaknesses.
Once you step into a new environment you will be surprised to notice things about yourself, you
may find that you are more confident and open minded, or more extrovert or shy than you have ever
thought. In my case I have learnt that I am more impulsive and knowing this has helped me a lot in
developing my personality.
Traveling not only helps us in realizing our own problems but it also helps us to deal with problems
while travelling which helps in building our confidence level. It makes us try new things that we
don't usually do in our daily lives. It helps us to overcome our fears. Travelling makes us happy and
enjoy life for what it is and not makes us sad for what it is

The Republican Party
After his receipt of the Republican nomination this summer, the ascent of Donald Trump has left
many commentators and political scientists in a stupor. How could this extremist, controversy–
inducing, suspiciously orange–toned man with little–to–no political experience succeed in
garnishing the support of the Republican electorate? How has the party that once abolished slavery
come to a point where it has justified the discrimination of minorities and the unfair treatment of
women? Over the past several decades, the Republican party has witnessed a significant shift and–
encouraged by an increase in social justice campaigns and the growing threat to societal norms–
authoritarianism has begun to claw its way out of the shadows. A largely overlooked theory in
political science, authoritarianism holds the key to explaining the Trump phenomenon and the
further polarization of the American political system that has attributed to it. After a long history of
toying with the idea of running for election, Donald Trump's announcement speech this June was
enough to get the nation talking. Not only because he was finally making good on a decade's worth
of promises, but also because his offensive declarations were unprecedented in the world of 'P.C.'
American politicians. Trump's claims of Mexican rapists, drug lords, and criminal cartels flooding
over our borders seemed completely outrageous coming from a man running for President.
Accordingly so, it wasn't long before the Trump campaign

The Authoritarian Personality By Erich Fromm
In his essay, "The Authoritarian Personality," Erich Fromm elucidates the two types of authoritarian
personalities: the passive–authoritarian (masochistic, submissive), and the active–authoritarian
(sadistic, dominant). In contrast to the authoritarian personality–which is marked by one's inability
to rely upon oneself–Fromm posits that the character of the independent individual is marked by two
skills: love and reason. According to Fromm, love allows the individual to maintain autonomy
whilst connecting to the world, and reason allows the individual to delve beneath the surface to
determine how things operate. Thus, the individual fueled by reason and love can participate in
"rational authority"–a relationship (such as that between ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
We became employees and consumers; we came to understand that we are responsible not only for
our own welfare, but for the welfare of our fellow laborers. With individuality comes not only
conscience and accountability, but perplexity, estrangement, thunderstruckness–in short, the deep
aloneness of which Fromm writes. To participate in society, one must often be complicit.
Responding to authority with trust rather than doubt provides the most convenient means by which
to alleviate one's deep sense of aloneness. To question everything, after all, is to put oneself in a
state of perpetual limbo. Prolonged uncertainty wreaks inner havoc. Passivity (with its homeostatic
rewards) often wins out. While passivity and domination is to be found everywhere in a capitalistic
society, I often look to art to examine the mechanisms by which authority takes hold, and the ways
that we struggle against it. Film, of course, is just one of many media we use to explore our own
natures, particularly in relation to authority–our strengths, our shortcomings–but it is one of the most
powerful. It can disseminate a point of view that strikes at all senses. (As Jeanette Winterson writes:
"If art, all art, is concerned with truth, then a society in denial will not find much use for it..."). The
2012 film Compliance, for instance, dramatizes a series of real–life

Conflict In Cormac Mccarthy's The Road
What a conflict! Every author creates some type of conflict to have the reader sitting on the edge of
their seats whether the conflict be man versus man, man versus self, or man versus nature. The novel
The Road by Cormac McCarthy wrote a story about both a man and a boy who have particularly
conflicting characteristics when it comes to decision making. The boy in the story is very optimistic
about everything and the man can be pessimistic when either deciding on what to do or when
thinking about life or the future. In addition, both characters have different outlooks and
personalities that can sometimes collide. Both characters act completely different when confronted
by another character in the story. The man is more concerned about the safety of the boy and
himself. However, the boy wants to do anything and everything to help anyone that they come
across. For example, during one situation in the story, a thief attempted to steal all their belongings.
When the man caught him, the boy started crying, "Papa?...Papa please don't kill the man"
(McCarthy 256). In contrast, after the man caught the thief the man held him at gun point and said,
"If you dont put down the knife and get away from the cart...I'm going to blow your brains out"
(McCarthy 256).The man is more concerned with their safety, whereas the boy is concerned about
the wellbeing and safety of the thief. The man acts in a similar manner to Ely when the boy wants to
give him food, "In the morning they stood in the road and he and the boy argued about what to give
the old man" (McCarthy 173). These two characters can collide sometimes when deciding on
whether or not they should give food to people like Ely or "The Lightning Man". Not only are they
different when confronted by another character, they are also different on the way they look at
arising situations. People perceive situations either two ways: optimistically or pessimistically. In
the book, the author showed both ways of how a person would react either optimistically or
pessimistically in a post–apocalyptic world. He showed this with two characters, the man and the
boy, the man reacting both pessimistically and optimistically in situations, and the boy being the
optimistic character.

Analysis Of ' Paul 's Case '
From the subtle quirks and eccentricities in one's tone of speech, to the sensations of rancor and
bitterness that are palpable in a violent outbreak, all human activity is programmed by a complex
phenomenon known as the human personality. The case of what constitutes this enigma is one of the
many controversies that are analyzed and broken apart in Vincent Parrillo's chapter, "Causes of
Prejudice." In particular, human temperament is expounded in Parrillo's passage, and further
observed and experimented with in Willa Cather's short story "Paul's Case." Parrillo correlates one's
childhood upbringing and surroundings to the maturation of an authoritarian personality, akin to
Paul's rough development that contributes to his fervent prejudice of the middle class and ultimately,
himself. In essence, personality can be construed as something very flexible and compliant at an
early stage of one's life. Parrillo substantiates the relations between a parent and his child, as the
domestic atmosphere contributes largely to the development of authoritarian personality. Parrillo
explicates, "If parents assume an excessively domineering posture in their relations with a
child...when such children become adults, they may demonstrate displaced aggression, directing
their hostility against a powerless group to compensate for their feelings of insecurity and fear"
(Parillo 581). The growth of authoritarianism is dictated by various social variables, such as the
aforementioned. Witnessing

Psychodynamic Approach To Leadership Analysis
Leadership is the tactics shown by an individual to lead an organization or a group of individuals.
Leaders are people who do the right thing; managers are people who do things right (Professor
Warren G. Bennis). Leaders do right things and shows right path. They always motivate or guide
others to follow this right path. They create inspiring vision to deliver something new.. They set
direction, to win and steadily improve the present situation as a team by this new inspiring vision
Various factors which contribute equally for the development of a good leader are personality , good
communication, open mind to accept once weakness and vulnerability , motivation and inspiration
from others, good team work balance of concern for oneself vs. others. This reflective assignment
deals with psychodynamic approach to leadership and how to use psychology to improve efficiency.
Psychodynamic approach raises the awareness of leaders and followers to their on personality types
and the implications of this in their work culture The trait which we used to decide who will be our
leader is psychodynamic approach and the elements which constitutes this trait ... Show more
The psychodynamic approach emphasizes the idea that people gain their initial experiences with
leadership from the day they are born.. The main concept within the approach is personality. This
suggests that childhood experiences is one of the main factor that affect the different characteristics
of people. Under or over gratified at any stage the child may become fixated and this could affect
adult behaviour. .Personality of an individual can be characterised by numerous methods one of the
most popular one which psychologists do is by giving a set of questionnaires which helps to reveal
ones personal

An Authoritarian Personality Is A Personality Type
An authoritarian personality is a personality type in which an individual inhibits prejudice. It is said
to be caused by a variety of certain circumstances, which were determined by Adorno, Frenkel–
Brunswik, Levinson, and Sanford during the year 1950. Through many tests and analysis of over
2,000 respondents from middle–class Whites to inmates of San Quentin State Prison, they were able
to figure out the characteristics associated with authoritarian personality. The characteristics include
compliance in beliefs of conventional values, not having criticism towards authority and complying
to authority, and concern regarding power and toughness. Also, their intolerance is related to
aggression towards people that do not oblige to authority or conventional norms. Researchers
believe that a rigid upbringing leads those who have an authoritarian personality to treat others like
how they were treated. The Bogardus scale was created by Emory Bogardus in 1968 to measure
social distance empirically. The scale determines the desire of people in association with different
racial and ethnic groups during certain social situations. After 70 years of administering the test,
certain patterns have formed. White Americans and northern Europeans are said to be on the top of
the hierarchy. While, eastern and southern Europeans are at a greater social distance and racial
minorities are on the bottom. Color–blind racism has been known as "laissez–faire" or "post–
racialism" or "aversive

High Authoritarian Personality Essay
Abstract This article presents the history of the "authoritarian personality trait", from the moment it
was "revealed/coined" to its modern use as well as the main studies designed to measure it. We then
focus on the effects of social conformity and obedience have on people who score high on
authoritarian scales, trying to see if there is a correlation. With empirical findings, this paper argues
that XXX, which can be explained by XXXX This paper further develop that the results cannot
predict political orientation and behaviors as the answers given can be influenced by the XXX
(media/news/fear of threat for people with low authoritarian VS high authoritarian affected by fear
of social deviance) Introduction In the wake of the Turkish election ... Show more content on
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To 'investigate this question we will first discuss, in a theoretical section, the terms "authoritarian
personality" and "authoritarianism", then have a look at the evolution in methods to measure them,
with different scales and studies. Secondly, we will discuss the difference between personality and
behavior. Then This will lead to us looking closer, in a result analysis part, if there is a correlation
between scoring high on authoritarian personality scales and being influenced by social conformity
and obedience The key role played by child–rearing values in tapping distinct worldviews had
already been highlighted since the early 1960s. As Martin (1964, p. 86) argues "how to 'bring up' or
socialize children is a matter of profound consequence, involving basic human values and
objectives". The child– rearing values scale taps the trade–off that lies at the heart of the concept of
authoritarianism, namely the dilemma between personal autonomy and submission to conventional
norms, without at the same time touching on specific political

Film Analysis : The Twelve Angry Men
"Don't judge so you shall not be judged" (Luke 6:37), is a famous proverb quote that many people
go by. But why is it that people judge? Or assume that someone is already guilty of a crime based on
their race, skin color, economic status or family background? If someone has to make a judgment,
he has to be certain of the facts surrounding the situation. Sentencing a person to die is a very crucial
decision and the same reason goes into setting a guilty person free. Everybody deserves a fair and
thorough trial. Judging a person according to someone else's standards is not fair. In the 1957
Sydney Lumet film, The Twelve Angry Men, 12 jurors decided the fate of an 18–year boy, who was
accused of killing his own father. The situation gradually transitioned from conflicting to agreeable
and jurors' characters changed from vindictive to considerate. The movie circled around the
arguments on how people take a decision on innocence versus guilt in our democratic society. The
increasing angst among the men was due to their different family backgrounds, personal differences,
and the extremely inconvenient environment they are in.
What made the movie more interesting was the jurors' family background was so diverse. Putting
them all together in one room can be difficult and explosive. The unique personalities of the
characters added more drama into scenes and the whole movie would have been awfully dull if not
for the strong and persuasive dialogues and remarks they threw at each other. Jurors
number 3, 10 and 7 were the most critical and mean. Anyone can say that they grew up in a harsh
environment with authoritarian parents. They were the men who made very demeaning remarks and
made a direct attack on the boy's personality. If jurors based their judgment on personal
predispositions and prejudices, anybody who is on trial will not stand a chance of a fair hearing. Of
course, it is impossible to have all the jurors come with the same family backgrounds. That is the
whole point of the jury; to remove any form of bias towards the accused and by looking through the
facts and not just relying on the evidence provided by the unreliable witnesses, which could only be
circumstantial.
As the movie progressed, the men became

Reflective Essay Example Of A Leadership Analysis And...
Leadership Analysis and Assessment
Javier Rodriguez
University of South Florida
Leadership Analysis and Assessment
Leadership requires the use of certain qualities and traits to be effective. According to Marquis and
Hudson (2015), leaders should display positive attitudes, be accountable, use good and clear
communication. I have identified my innate leadership style as well as my personality type. There is
no perfect leadership style and a leader should be able to use different leadership styles depending
on the situation, but know which style I am akin to, will help me further develop my leadership
skills. Knowing which personality traits I have will allow me to hone my positive leadership
qualities as well as to identify ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
People who fit into this category are specialists in their field of knowledge. This can sometimes lead
people to believe they are arrogant rather than self–confident. Because those categorized as INTJ are
specialized they tend to be perfectionists. Luckily, they are also pragmatic and so practicality can
help offset the need for everything to be exactly perfect. Personal relationships tend to suffer for
most INTJ–identified people because they tend not to grasp social rituals or cues too well
(HumanMetrics, n.d.). This assessment suits me very well. I am very pragmatic and tend to obsess
over things I find fascinating. I also like to gather as much information in fields that interest me and
exert all my efforts into work. For instance, within eighteen months of being an emergency room
nurse I obtained two board certifications within my field.
Response to Change
My personality profile of INTJ shows I am innovative and have the ability to use my past
experiences and apply them in new circumstances. The more applicable these new situations are to
my specialty the better I am at adapting to these new changes. My hindrance would be any
limitation in experience and I would have a hard time coming up with a completely new idea that I
have not encountered and my past experiences are not applicable.
Leadership

Pros And Cons Of Type B Personality
A study was conducted in the 1950's by two cardiologists named Ray Rosenman and Meyer
Friedman who tried to link personality to coronary disease, there is controversy about these findings
as it was funded by the tobacco industry and because of the results of further studies. They found
that people with a Type A personality type were more likely to develop coronary disease. In spite of
this controversy their findings still greatly affect the thinking of psychologists who study the effects
of mental health on physical health. They came up with the theory of Type A and Type B
personality. The theory is that Type A personality are ambitious, aggressive, organised, status
conscious, highly motivated, anxious and proactive. They have an exaggerated sense of time
urgency, they are good at multitasking, they are highly competitive and they suffer from there
intense need to achieve which can lead to them being overly stressed and anxious. Type B
personality is nearly the complete opposite to this, people with a type B personality are seen to live a
more relaxed less stressful life, although they may want to achieve they do not take failure as badly
as type A, and they can work more steadily towards their goals. They are seen to be more indulgent
and tolerant and more reflective and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The pros are that an employer can gain a deeper insight into their employee's strengths, they can
create a better work culture by, for example understanding whether your employee is introverted or
extroverted, they can also aid in team building by allowing an employer to know which employees
would work best together. The cons of personality testing is that these tests take both time and
money and that they are not the final and conclusive answer , they are not prediction tools they only
supply you with indictors to whether or not the employee might be

The, No Liberty Without It
"Equality is the sole of liberty; there is, in fact, no liberty without it"
When considering British society, there are a considerable number of factors that contribute to
developing of prejudice and discrimination. To evaluate prejudice and discrimination it is important
to understand their meanings. Shapiro and Neuberg (2007) stated that; "prejudice refers to negative
attitudes towards others while discrimination refers to negative behaviours towards others."
It could be stated that there are various biases involved in prejudice and discrimination and that
these biases are culturally conditioned. This implies that preconceptions are developed or learned as
children grow up while observing their local, societal environment. This is exemplified in economic
competition theory and the authoritarian personality theory discussed in more depth later. As the
socialization process progresses, between the ages of six and seven, stereotypes can be embedded in
a child's view of the world.
Stereotypes are preconceptions about a people or group based on biases and false impressions. This
is important to consider because a child is not capable of morally examining the validity of
perceptions yet; therefore each child absorbs and associates in an overly simple manner, leading to
potential wide scale prejudices and discrimination that has been culturally conditioned. This
conditioning can become overt as children have been taught as a result of stereotypes etc. that some
people

Authoritarianism In Nazi Germany
The events of Nazi Germany 1939–1945 influenced psychological research. Psychologists
considered "whether there was a particular type of person who is more likely to commit this type of
aggression" (McAvoy, 2012, p.24). Adorno et al from the University of California, "suggested that
some people have a specific kind of personality that makes them susceptible to extremist ideologies
and predispos–es them to commit acts of aggression and murder in the name of political ideology.
They called this the authoritarian personality" (McAvoy,2012, p.24). Nevis Sanford and a PhD
student Daniel Levin–son wanted to find a way to measure anti–Semitism. The pair recruited
Frenkel–Brunswick and Adorno who had witnessed the rise of fascism and anti–Semitism ... Show
For ethical reasons, he could not ex–periment on human infants so decided on rhesus macaques, a
medium sized monkey. Early experi–ments saw the use of sanitary pads to line their cages and
observed that they would protest when it was removed(Custance,2012,p.201).He saw that despite
the monkeys having all their needs in food and shelter cared for they bonded with the only soft
object. From this he hypothesized that the specif–ic tactile qualities of the what provided stimuli
were more important than food. The monkeys share 94 percent of DNA which meant he could better
apply the research after to humans. In 1958 he conduct–ed an experiment with two different types of
surrogate mothers, one with a soft rubber outside and warmed by a lightbulb and the other being
wire mesh but having a milk bottle inserted. The soft moth–er was called a "terry cloth mother"
(Custance,2012,p.205).His experiment proved clear preference for the terry cloth mother, only
leaving it to feed when it did not have the bottle itself before returning to the warmth and comfort.
In one experiment, he made the mother abusive. This mother he called 'iron maiden' which blew air
into the babies face as well as at intervals it prodding the baby away. He went on to see what would
happen if certain babies would have no access to the outside world. They

The Law Of Attraction By Rhonda Byrne
Have you ever wonder why some people seems to be God 's favorite because even with the least
effort, they continue to receive blessings after blessings while some seems to be cursed because in
spite of working so hard, all they reap are hardships and troubles?
For years, people are made to believe that there is nothing or little we can do about fate. One of the
greatest misconceptions is that some people are simply born lucky. Some would depend on the
principle of karma and justify their misfortunes by a bad deed they must have done on their past life.
But one revolutionary way of thinking changed all that. The Law of Attraction is a belief that every
good or bad thing that happens to people is a result of one 's thinking. Positive thinkers are
successful because they emit good energy that attracts the universe to help him get everything he
wants, no matter how impossible it may be.
This new way of thinking is even made popular by a book that was written by Rhonda Byrne
entitled The Secret. This bestseller book shares the wonderful principle that man is capable of
greatness, only if he develops the right way of thinking. This concept seeks to open the eyes of
people to the fact that there is no limit to what one can achieve. It would also help individuals
develop their full potential.
The heart of the Law of Attraction is positive thinking and people who believe in its power vows to
eradicate pessimism and negative behavior. According to the Law of Attraction, our lives

What Is Authoritarian Personality?
The authoritarian personality is a theory that states that the way people act in regards to authority
and social hierarchies is due to how their parents treated them as a child, explains how authoritarian
behaviour is passed throughout generations, and explains why some people are more likely to obey
than others. Children who are forced to repress their emotions and give their parents complete
respect often feel the need to project the anger that they cannot show normally onto other targets.
These targets are usually groups the child feels are 'below' them, most often minorities that are, in
some way, socially acceptable to hate. In combination with the respect for authority drilled into
them, this means that these children can grow up into ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
20 obedient participants (people who proceeded to administer the full 450 volt shock) and 20
disobedient participants (people who refused to continue) were tested. They were also given open–
ended interviews to gather qualitative data. It was found that the obedient participants scored much
more highly on the F Scale test than the disobedient participants did. 'Obedients' also stated that they
felt a high amount of respect towards the experimenter, and that they did not have close
relationships with their fathers. This supports the idea of the authoritarian personality, as it shows
that people who have the personality traits associated with it are more likely to obey authority
figures. However, the study suffers from issues with internal validity. Milgram knew what the
participants' results from the original experiment were before he even gave them any questions,
which means that he may have been actively seeking specific responses from the participants he
believed would have authoritarian personalities, or interpreting similar answers in different

The Authoritarian Personality By Erich Fromm Summary
The article, "The Authoritarian Personality," written by Erich Fromm discusses the common and
different characteristics between the two forms of an authoritarian personality. He starts to explain
how one becomes a mature person. He states that to become a mature person, said person needs to
have developed love and reason. He then states that an authoritarian character has not reached
maturity, and therefore, has not developed love or reason. Erich Fromm continues to explain that the
difference between the ruler and the ruled is how they start to feel "greater." The way the ruled feels
"greater" is by depending on their ruler for guidance and by following the ruler to become a part of
the larger group. The way the ruler feels "greater" is by depending on the ruled to continue to look at
them as strong and powerful. He then points out that one person can hold both the ruler and the
ruled characteristics. Erich Fromm continues to explain the differences between rational and
irrational authority and where these two forms of authority are found. He ends by saying that the
understanding of love and reason, and developing said characteristics is the foundation to a person's
own authority and political democracy. While reading this article, it brought me back to all the times
I have dealt with people who have authoritative personalities and how it affected me. As stated by
Erich Fromm, all people with authority personalities contain components of both the ruler and the
ruled. To

Fear of Parenting for this Generation
Fear of Parenting With the raise of internet and easily obtainable information, many soon to be
parents are able to research all of their parenting questions. People in modern times fear becoming
parents due to their lack in childcare experiences. Since the 1960's, the United States birthrate has
been gradually decreasing. The lower birthrate leads to fewer adults having childcare experiences as
they did not growing up caring for little brothers or sisters. Many people fear that their personality
or lifestyle choices would negatively affect the upbringing of a child. The fear of parenting is so
strong that people would believe anybody who claims to be an expert in raising children. Susan
Cain, who is known for her book Quiet, answered questions on the difficulties of parenting with
conflicting personalities. Those personalities that Cain addressed were defined as introverts and
extroverts by Carl Jung. A parent shouldn't worry about their personality or lifestyle affecting a
child's development as a child develops from their environment. The child develops from adapting
to their environment and their individual experiences with situations. What exactly are introverts
and extroverts? Carl Jung, a renowned Swiss psychiatrist, studied many personalities and was able
distinguished two major characteristics. One of the characteristics was extroverts. Extroverts tended
to be more social and very outward with their emotions. This characteristic type depends on outside

Stanley Milgram's Experiment: The Authoritarian Personality
"Obedience is a form of social influence where an individual acts in response to a direct order from
another individual, who is usually an authority figure," thus occurring in Stanley Milgram's
experiment (McLeod). Stanley Milgram wanted to explain why "SS officers had shot, gassed,
noosed, and otherwise tortured twelve million people to death, supposedly on order from their
commanders in chief" (Slater 31). The explanation the public settled for the reason of the SS
officers' actions was because of the "notion of "the authoritarian personality," which hypothesized
that certain kinds of childhood experiences of a strict, Teutonic cast produced people who would do
anything to anyone if instructed" (Slater 31). However, Stanley Milgram knew that, they could not
completely explain the actions of the SS officers. To him it was too narrow "he purportedly believed
the answer to destructive obedience lay less in the power of personality and more in the power of
situation" (Slater 31). In addition, "in Milgram's view, any especially persuasive situation could
cause any rational human being to abandon more precepts and, on orders, commit atrocities" (Slater
31). For Stanley Milgram to test his hypothesis he devised one of the grandest hoaxes of all time "he
created a fake but convincing "shock machine." He recruited hundreds of volunteers and ordered
them to deliver what they believed were lethal levels of electricity to an actor who feigned pain and
even death. How far would people ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Only 14 percent rated standardized testing as a "very important" factor in measuring school
effectiveness, and 55 percent (66 percent of parents) oppose test scores being used to evaluate
teacher performance" (Poll: Americans Want Less Standardized Testing and More School Funding –
NEA

Accidental Tourist Essay
Muriel Pritchett vs. Sarah Leary: Macon's Choice
Compared to other novels that deal with love affairs and romances, The Accidental Tourist by Anne
Tyler is different because it takes the reader on a trip through the character's minds. Macon Leary's
wife separates herself from him. Their problems begin with the death of their son, Ethan Leary. That
is not to say that they agree on raising him, because they didn't. "When Ethan was born, he only
brought out more of their differences" (16). They choose to raise Ethan differently. Sarah wants to
let him be happy and free, while Macon wants him to be more scheduled and structured. The already
struggling relationship is now even more troubled. Macon is not an ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
You know I drive according to a system" (4). She can come off as being over dramatic at times, and
somewhat annoying, but that could possibly be because we are used to Macon's mundane
personality. Macon still feels that he might in some way be responsible for his son's death. Sarah
tries to convince him that he is not. She does not support his career, which to her seems boring and
pointless. Sarah is comforting for Macon. They have been together for a long time and have a
history together. She, at times, can be just what Macon needs to feel comfortable. Even though he
preaches that you don't need to be home to feel home, he contradicts himself in that aspect.
Although Macon himself feels that he has trouble showing emotion, he doesn't see anything wrong
with the way he acts. He may disagree with Sarah on many fundamental levels such as this, but he
feels that if he were to leave Sarah, he would in some ways be leaving his son's legacy behind. But
when he meets Muriel Pritchett, things change.
Muriel has a son named Alexander who is about the age Macon's son was when he died. This
automatically makes Macon more drawn toward Muriel. "He hadn't known she had a little boy. He
felt some inner click of adjustment; she was a slightly different person from the one he'd imagined"
(111). We do see Macon's soft side emerge somewhat when he is dealing with Alexander. He may in
ways feel that he might be able to pick up where

The Personality Assessment Inventory Tests
The personality assessment inventory tests provide results on my individual personality, values,
motivation, decision making, communication, team skills, conflict skills, organizational structure
preference, and stress. These results are broken down briefly in three parts and do not include any
personal speculation or analysis as to their meaning. The application of these results are further
applied and explains how the results noted from the tests and in the first step will make me a better
employee, co–worker, and manager within my organization. These tests mentioned above are
applied in conjunction with particular examples on how I can achieve becoming a better employee,
co–worker, and manager. An explanation of how my personality and experiences were affected by
the Holy Spirit is also discussed. Particularly, how potential weaknesses have become strengths with
the guidance of the Lord. Step 1: Personal Inventory Assessment Part I: What About Me? All of the
information presented in step one provided from was utilized via Pearson's Personality Inventory
Assessment test. (Pearson MyManagementLab) One of the first tests I took, recognized that I was a
high Type A personality. Some factors that I found informative were that while Type A individuals
have increased productivity, dependability, and greater work ethic, they are also subject to health
risks and interpersonal challenges. During the self–awareness assessment, I ranked as having a

Adorno And Allum Similarities And Differences
'Outline the similarities and differences between the research studies of Adorno et al. (1950) and
Allum (2011) on personality types'
Allum's research revealed correlations to Adorno's personality scales, rationalizing three
hypothesized studies. Allum (2011), cited in McAvoy (2017), (pp. 33–38), studies included
pseudoscience ideologies such as Astrology to foretell events in individual's life, as well lack
scientific literacy from participants of how 'Astrology' and 'Astronomy' were etymologically
classified. Allum similarly supported Adorno's notion that people with authoritarian personalities
were more likely to believe in superstition and pseudo–sciences such as astrology, however, Allum
contrasting Adorno et al.'s authoritarian personality type analysis, questioned the inclination of this
study's sample, assuming a more generalized view among populations, Allum (2011), (p. 362).
Adorno leaned heavily upon Freud, using a systematic formula to directly observe measurable
aspects of personality, exploring latent fascist predisposition to prejudice theorizing the structure of
personality research, Adorno (1950), (p. 53). To further interpret Freudian similarities in both
researcher's work, in this essay, the reader will notice Adorno and Allum put in question the forces
of personality; its processes, how they were organized, and similar report methods used. The forces
of personality are primarily needs, (drives, wishes, emotional impulses), which varied from one

Personality Characteristics Of Guards And Prisoners
Haney, Banks and Zimbardo (1973) were fascinated as to why people do bad things. Convinced the
answer was attributed to bad environments corrupting good individuals, Haney et al. (1973) created
a prison simulation to explore Zimbardo's hypothesis that personality characteristics of guards and
prisoners underlie aggressive behaviour in prisons. A newspaper advertisement asking for volunteers
to participate in a two week study examining prison life, was used to recruit twenty–four
participants, who were assigned randomly the role of prisoner or guard. Prisoners were arrested,
referred to by identification numbers, dehumanised and made to wear identical clothing (nylon cap,
a smock); whilst the guards wore khaki shirts and trousers and were given black sunglasses. Haney
et al., (1973) told participants physical misconduct was prohibited; claiming this was the only
direction participants were given regarding how they should behave. The SPE outcome had a
profound effect on social psychology, influencing our understanding of the power of situations and
role conformity. Days into the experiment, prisoners expressed severe anxiety and distress; whilst a
third of guards relished in their authority, tormenting prisoners (Haney et al., 1973). Zimbardo
concluded ordinary people became tormenters when placed in a situation giving them authority to
do so; suggesting individuals readily conform to roles they are expected to play. Participants were so
absorbed into their given roles that

Into The Forest Essay
Into the forest.
In the novel 'into the forest' the two main characters, Nell and Eva, lived together their entire lives.
Although they grew up with together in the same remote place with the same parents, they
developed unique personalties and views on life.
In the early stages of the novel there are small things that differentiate the two girls. For example,
Nell, wants to be thrifty, save and preserve the things, while Eva is prepared to use things to get
something done, her thinking isn't of the future but of now. This changes later to some extent when
she realises they need these things to survive. An example of this is when they find that they only
have four matches left in the box. They searched frantically to find more, they ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
As she does this we, the audience, find that she appears to be a deep thinker and more academic than
Eva who is more practical. This can be seen throughout the novel as Eva always makes sure the fire
is stoked and does gardening. This also changes towards the end of the novel when Nell is needed to
take over these things when Eva is pregnant, such as using the rifle to kill a wild pig for food.
Both girls show compassion towards each other, but it is Nell that needs or craves this fellowship
and interest of other people. She tries to become friendly with the girls in the Redwood town with
no success, but when she realises that she cant really be apart of them because of her different past.
Alcohol provides some temporary relief, but after a while she thinks that maybe a boyfriend would
be better. Nell eventually meets and gets to know Eli, a young man from the Redwood town.
From Nell's account of Eva we see that Eva has a different personality. She appears to be much more
self–assured than Nell is. In there own way they seem to be very focused; Nell on here reading,
study, learning and writing, and Eva on her ballet. Although they have these different interests, they
are simular in a way, because they are both are striving to achieve something and to make a name
for themselves, Nell with her University acceptance and Eva with here professional ballet debut.
Eva doesn't appear to need others like Nell. For example when Nell asks Eva, &quot;Don't

Learned Optimism: An Analysis
In the modern times, there are multiply pressures on the people working in organizations, especially
managers. In such a scenario, optimism may just prove to be the difference and help in building the
self sustaining capabilities amidst stress, problems and ambiguities. Optimism is a generalized
expectancy that good outcome as opposed to bed will generally occur when confronted with
problems across situations. Optimism is used to denote a positive predisposition and likelihood that
good things will happen irrespective of one's ability. Over time, researchers have emphasized that
optimism is a learning style or a cognitive skill that can be learned. Optimism is different than hope,
contended Snyder (1994) as it contains a proactive component ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Learned optimism is a term Seligman and his associates first used. It was the extension of
Seligman's original work on learned helplessness that was defined as a result of learning to be
unable to control events (Seligman and Maier, 1967). According to Seligman (1991), learned
helplessness is the giving up reaction, the quitting response that follows from the belief that
whatever you do doesn't matter. Another relevant concept in this connection is explanatory style. It
is the manner is which one habitually explains to himself why events happen. An optimistic
explanatory style stops helplessness, whereas a pessimistic explanatory style spreads helplessness.
Seligman (1972) conducted an experiment with dogs and concluded that when exposed to
circumstances beyond their control, dogs will eventually give up trying to effect change. In this
experiment, despite the shocks, dogs were just lying there because they had learned that nothing
they did matter (as they were exposed to such circumstances earlier) and they therefore expected
that no action of theirs would matter in the future also. Once this expectation was learned, they
would no longer engage in action. This is the effect of learned

Kelly's Case Study: Kelly
Introduction This essay will discuss the case study of Kelly. It has been found that Kelly has three
intrapersonal and interpersonal competencies problems, including low self–concept, grow under
authoritarian parenting and too stressful. In the following sections, these three problems will be
discussed in detail first and afterwards some possible solutions will be given to Kelly. Contents 2.1 –
Problems 2.1.1 – Low Self–concept There are eight stages of psychosocial developments which are
identified by Erikson (1963). In the adolescence stage, the adolescents will explore their personal
identities. They will usually ask themselves who they are and who can they be. They will easily get
confused about themselves and their future because they are not sure about their beliefs and needs.
In this case, Kelly gets confused about whether to follow her wish to continue her studies or to
follow her parents' direction to find a job. It can be seen that Kelly does not know what is the thing
that she really wants to do, it is obvious that she has a low self–concept of herself. 2.1.2 – Grow
under Authoritarian Parenting Parenting means how the parents raise their children. According to
Baumrind (1991), the authoritarian parenting style is high demanding and controlling but low in
responding to the children. Baumrind (1967, 1971, 1978) held that the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Referring to Tan & Yates (2011), the AESI found that the parents' expectations are the source of the
students' academic stress. In this case, Kelly is the eldest daughter of the family and the one who
help the younger siblings, so her parents have very high expectations of her. Since that Kelly does
not want to disappoint her families, therefore she has given a lot of stress to herself. It is obvious
that she is too stressful for her families and her academic

Impact Of The Giver
The giver is a fictional novel authorised by Louis Lowry dedicated to informing readers about the
devastating impact of extreme conformity on a community. As we progress throughout the book we
start to realise and learn all these new things about the giver's community, such as creating and
trying to maintain a perfect community, that comes beyond our abilities, while the givers society is
having a huge impact on the individuality and individual choices on the members of the community.
We learn that the inhabitants of the society had a hard time handling all the different memories, in a
sudden event. All hints and evidence to these statements above are hidden and presented throughout
the book.
We a learning that, due to all the eliminations of senses, feelings and creation of equality between
every individual in the society, it's creating a new and harder way for the inhabitants to accept and
open up to new memories and emotions that they have been faced with. In the Givers community,
this is one aspect that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In chapter 18 Jonas asks the Giver " Do you ever think about the release ?'' which got him even
more curious about the true meaning. When Jonas becomes aware of what release actually means he
gets into conflict with what his father does. His disturbed reaction to when his father its "releasing'' a
twin, which was very dramatic, " he killed it! My father killed it!'' Later in chapter 18, the Givers
explain to Jonas about Rosemary and how she became an individual because of the emotions she
was receiving, but the community didn't allow anyone to have feelings. Because of the impact of the
emotions she has received, she wanted to be released, which lead her to not conforming her society.
What this tells us is that communities are made up of authoritarian rules that have impacts on

Marcello In The Conformist
A person's personality can be determined by many concepts not just including traits, such as social
context, motives, temperaments, and cognitions (Winter,2003). Marcello, in the movie The
Conformist (Bernardo Bertolucci, 1970), is a representation of the concept that personality is not
reducible to just traits. Marcello illustrates many traits of the authoritarian personality, but also
behaves in different ways based on his values, defense mechanisms, and immediate situations. The
traits of the authoritarian personality, that he exemplified in The Conformist are religiosity,
authoritarian submission, conventionalism, sex, preoccupation with power and toughness, and
rigidity of thought (Brown, 1965). Marcello is a complex man who is just trying ... Show more
He went into the streets to go for a walk, in which is his wife Giulia begged him not to. He ran into
his blind friend who still had the fascist symbol on his outfit, which he ripped off. At this time, it
was very dangerous for fascist followers to be out on the streets, because anti–fascists were going
around gathering fascist. Once Mussolini fell, many fascists did not want to be seen by anti–fascists.
Marcello walks by this man who he believes is the man that sexually molested him when he was
younger. This triggers a defense mechanism in Marcello, because he pins this man against the wall,
starts to raise his voice, question him, and shout that he wants to kill him. This is component of the
authoritarian personality trait, sex. Marcello believed that this homosexual man ought to be
punished for his crime, so he started shouting to have him arrested for his wrong–doings. Marcello
created this big scene to have this man arrested for someone he assumed was his childhood
perpetrator. Marcello then seems like he snapped and started to rat out that his blind friend was a
fascist and left him alone in the crowd. Marcello was done with being a fascist, so he conformed to
the anti–fascist society, which was going to best benefit him that situation. Once again Marcello is
trying to conform to society and not just be

The Adoption Of Authoritarian Personality
The tendency of some people to use violent against others who are different from themselves and to
adopt extremist political believes, are the main issues that draw Adorno et al and Altemeyer
attention to study authoritarianism. The former gave it a detailed definition, unlike the latter who
update it and made its definition much simpler. They both tried to find the core cause for such
behaviour in the personality of the individual, and used quantitative methods to measure it.
Adorno et al study was conducted because they wanted to explain the root causes behind the
massacres that happened in the Second World War against huge number of European people
including the Jews. For that reason they needed to find methods to measure anti– Semitism ... Show
Yet, both of them did not find enough evidence to prove their theories findings regarding the social
learning reason of Altemeyer, or the unconscious conflict and psychoanalytic theory of Adorno et al
.Furthermore, the two studies were not able to research properly the circumstances and the
surrounding environment that are creating this kind of behaviour and shaping an authoritarian
personality. (McAvoy, 2014, P

The Kite Runner By Khaled Hosseini
There are so many factors in this world that contribute to prejudice, there are so many interworking's
in the brain that make prejudice so difficult for psychologists to understand just how the issue
becomes such a problem in this world. Prejudice has so many different factors with how one sees
in–groups and out–groups, what these individuals are told to believe and how to act, and how
cognition can play a role in how a specific individual will divide up their cognitive processes or how
their brain will divide up their cognitive process for them. With Khaled Hosseini's novel, The Kite
Runner explains the prevalence of prejudice in Afghanistan between two different groups, the
Hazara and Pushtons. Three psychology processes and theories ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Adorno described how usually people with this personality have childhood memories of authority
figures, usually parents, that enforce, solid rules with extreme punishment that is usually from a
physical form of punishment (Brown 28). Adorno and his fellow colleagues expressed that there
were nine characteristics that describe this personality, five of these were related to prejudice;
projectivity, authoritarian aggression, authoritarian submission, stereotypy, and conventionalism
(Whitley and Kite 234). Right–wing authoritarianism goes hand in hand with this personality type, it
describes those that see authority figures as a vigor they have to obey, it values hierarchy in society,
and a belief that this hierarchy needs to be maintained (Blaine 69). Right–wing authoritarianism is a
bit different than the authoritarian personality because it is more of an attitude than personality type,
but these both go fluently with each other for this mindset (Whitley and Kite 235). To test this
personality type, a testing method called the F–scale was used to identify just how much these
people were either right–winged or the opposite. This testing method was biased and only had small

Essay Compare And Contrast Altemeyer's Approach To...
Outline the similarities and differences between Adorno et al.'s (1950) and Altemeyer's (1981)
approach to authoritarianism
The rise of fascism in Germany in the 1930's and the acts of aggression and atrocities committed by
the Nazis during the Second World War led to questions being asked as to why some people where
prone to such levels of violence and hate in the name of political ideology. The 'Authoritarian
Personality' was a concept suggested in 1950 by German sociologist Theodor Adorno and
colleagues following their research identifying the personality traits believed to allow an individual
to be bias towards and follow a fascist ideology. Although initially met with great excitement, over
time the authoritarian personality alone ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(2012). Although Altemeyer's research also recognised and supported these findings his concept of
authoritarianism was different. He defined RWA not as personality type with fixed characteristics
but as a set of three attitudes similar to three of the characteristics Adorno et al also used to describe
the authoritarian personality:
Authoritarian submission: A high level of respect and submission to perceived legitimate authority
figures or establishments. Authoritarian aggression: Aggressiveness directed against targets
identified by the established authorities. Conventionalism: The aversion to new ideas with a
preference towards social norms which should be adhered to by all of the individual's society
(Bobbio et al 2007).
Although Altemeyer agreed with Adorno et al on what the behavioral and attitudinal features of
authoritarianism were, a key difference he put forward was his interpretation of where it actually
came from. Adorno et al took a psychoanalytical approach, as first popularised by Sigmund Freud in
the late 19th century to the explanation of the causes of authoritarianism. They claimed children
who experienced a strong level of parental discipline

The Paradoxical Theory Of Change
A satisfied life is hard to achieve. There are many behaviors that can be beneficial in making a more
effective life. Some of these factors are personal and internal and some are external and involve
other people. An effective life begins on the inside. One must be aware of themselves. Change is a
key facet of learning and personal growth. The paradoxical theory of change: personal change tends
to occur when we become aware of what we are as opposed to trying to become what we are not. To
me, this theory of change means that we should beware of our strengths and our weakness and work
to change our weakness to strengths not to change our self to fit the "norm" of society. We do not
need to change to be like everyone else but to better ourselves. There are ten rules of change. The
ten rules include: all behaviors are complex, change is frightening, change must be positive, being is
easier than becoming, slower is better, know more, do better, change requires structure, practice is
necessary, new behaviors must be protected, and small successes are big. Too many people change is
intimidating. I have not experienced that many environmental changes in my life. Coming to college
is the first time that I am living on my own and not in the only town I've ever lived in. So far I am
pretty adaptable to environmental changes, but I am not as successful with internal changes. I am
comfortable with who I am, but I know there are many weakness and behaviors that need to be
changed to have a better life. A hindrance to a life that we desire is stress. Stress comes from internal
and external forces. The key with stress is knowing how you respond and what strategies help
manage stress. Stress can cause physical complications as well. Many people suffer physical pain
from stress. I can sometimes get very anxious about stress which feels like my stomach is tied in
knots or the is a pile of rocks lying on my chest. There is a disease that comes from stress. The
disease from stress used to be called psychosomatic which implies it was "just in the head". now the
disease is called psychophysiological disease. The psychophysiological disease accounts for the
consequences stress has on the body. I personally am working on a way to

The Rise of American Authoritarianism

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