This document provides an overview of embedded systems, including: - Their history beginning with the Apollo Guidance Computer in 1965 and standardization in 1978. - Characteristics like being designed for specific tasks rather than general purposes and often being parts of larger devices. - Common software architectures like simple control loops, interrupt-controlled systems, and cooperative multitasking. - Wide applications in consumer electronics, industrial systems, automobiles, medical devices, and more. - Advantages such as small size and cost but also difficulties upgrading and troubleshooting.

1. EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
Done by,
B.SENTHIL PANDI(17MC040)
II-B.E.MECHATRONICS
SNS COLLEGE OFTECHNOLOGY.

2. OUTLINE :
• INTRODUCTION.
• HISTORY.
• CHARACTERISTICS.
• EMBEDDED SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURES.
• APPLICATIONS.
• ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES.
• CONCLUSION.

3. INTRODUCTION :

4. INTRODUCTION :
• An embedded system is a controller programmed and
controlled by a real time operating system(RTOS) with a
dedicated function within a larger mechanical or electrical
system.
• Embedded systems control many devices in common use
today.
• 98% of all microprocessors are manufactured to serve as
embedded system component.

5. HISTORY :
• One of the first recognizably modern embedded system
was the Apollo Guidance Computer, developed in 1965
by Charles Stark Draper at the MIT instrumentation
laboratory.
• In 1978 National Engineering Manufacturers
Association released a “standard” for programmable
microcontrollers, including almost any computer-based
microcontrollers.

6. CHARACTERISTICS :
• Embedded systems are designed to do some specific
task, rather than be a general purpose computer for
multiple tasks.
• Embedded systems are not always standalone devices.
• Many embedded systems consists of small parts within a
larger device that serves a more general purpose.

7. PERIPHERALS :
Embedded systems talk with the outside world via
peripherals, such as :
Serial Communication Interfaces (SCI).
Universal Serial Bus (USB).
Multi Media Cards (SD cards, compact Flash etc.).
Networks : Ethernet, Lonworks,etc.
Analog to Digital/Digital to Analog (ADC/DAC).

8. EMBEDDED SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURES :
There are several different types of software architecture in
common use.
SIMPLE CONTROL LOOP :
• In this design, the software simply has a loop.
• The loop calls subroutines, each of which manages a part
of hardware or software.
• Hence it is called as Simple control loop.

9. EMBEDDED SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURES :
INTERRUPT-CONTROLLED SYSTEM :
• Some embedded systems are predominantly controlled by interrupts.
• This means that the task performed by the system are triggered by
different kinds of events.
COOPERATIVE MULTITASKING :
• A nonpreemptive multitasking system is very similar to the simple
control loop scheme, except that the loop is hidden in API.
• The programmer defines a series of tasks, and each task gets its own
environment to “run” in.

10. EMBEDDED SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURES :
ADDITIONAL SOFTWARE COMPONENTS :
• In addition to the core operating system, many embedded
systems have additional upper-layer software components.
• These components consist of networking protocal stacks
like CAN, TCP/IP, FTP, HTTP and HTTPS.
• If the embedded device has audio and video capabilities,
then the appropriate drivers and codes will be present in
the system.

11. APPLICATIONS :
• Embedded systems are commonly found in consumer,
industrial, automotive, medical, commercial, and military
applications.
• Telecommunication systems employ numerous embedded
systems from telephone switches for the network to cell
phones at the end user.
• Consumer electronics include MP3 players, mobile
phones, digital cameras, GPS receivers and printers.

12. APPLICATIONS :

13. ADVANTAGES OF EMBEDDED SYSTEMS :
• Small size.
• Faster to load.
• More specific to one task.
• Easy to manage.
• Low cost.
• Spend less resources.
• Performance is good.

14. DISADVANTAGES OF EMBEDDED SYSTEMS :
• Difficult to upgrade.
• If any problem occurs then you need to reset settings.
• Nearly not scalable.
• Hardware is limited.
• Troubleshooting is difficult.
• Difficult to transfer data from one system to another.

15. CONCLUSION
• Every invention of science has both advantages
and some disadvantages.
• We should use the technology only for the
development of human society and environment.

16. THANK YOU