Embedded system architecture

1. EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
• Presented by:-
• Gayathri
• Altaf
• Ankitha
• Sabyasachi
• Ritik

2. Definition of Embedded Systems
• An embedded system is a microprocessor-based computer hardware system with
software that is designed to perform a dedicated function, either as an independent
system or as a part of a large system. At the core is an integrated circuit designed to
carry out computation for real-time operations.
• Complexities range from a single microcontroller to a suite of processors with
connected peripherals and networks; from no user interface to complex graphical user
interfaces. The complexity of an embedded system varies significantly depending on the
task for which it is designed.
• Embedded system applications range from digital watches and microwaves to hybrid
vehicles and avionics. As much as 98 percent of all microprocessors manufactured are
used in embedded systems.
Examples:- Refrigerator, Electronic ping pong etc.

3. Elements of embedded systems
• An embedded system is a combination of 3 things:
• Hardware
• Software
• Mechanical Components
• And it is supposed to do one specific task only
• Embedded systems are basically designed to regulate a physical variable (such Microwave Oven) or to manipulate the state of some
devices by sending some signals to the actuators or devices connected to the output port system (such as temperature in Air Conditioner), in
response to the input signal provided by the end users or sensors which are connected to the input ports.

4. Core of the
embedded system
• Embedded systems are domain and application specific and
are built around a central core. The core of the embedded system
falls into any of the following categories:
• General purpose and Domain Specific Processors
• · Microprocessors
• · Microcontrollers
• · Digital Signal Processors
• Application Specific Integrated Circuits. (ASIC)
• Programmable logic devices(PLD’s)
• Commercial off-the-shelf components (COTs)

5. Difference between microprocessor and microcontroller
• Microprocessor assimilates
the function of a central
processing unit (CPU) on to a
single integrated circuit (IC).
• Microprocessors are basic
components of personal
Computers.
• A Microprocessor-based
system can perform numerous
tasks.
• The clock frequency is very
high usually in the order of
giga Hertz
• Instruction throughout is
given higher priority than
interrupt latency.
• A microcontroller can be
considered as a small
computer that has a
processor and some other
components in order to make
it a computer.
• Microcontrollers are
generally used in embedded
systems.
• A Microcontroller-based
system can perform single or
very few tasks.
• The clock frequency is less
usually in the order of
MegaHertz.
• In contrast, microcontrollers
are designed to optimize
interrupt latency.
MICROPROCESSOR MICROCONTROLLER

6. Difference
between
RISC and
CISC

7. Definition of Harvard architecture and
Von Neumann architecture
• Harvard architecture:-The Harvard architecture is a computer architecture with
separate storage and signal pathways for instructions and data. It contrasts with the
von Neumann architecture, where program instructions and data share the same
memory and pathways.
 Von Neumann architecture:- Von Neumann architecture is the design upon which many
general purpose computers are based. The key elements of von Neumann architecture are:
data and instructions are both stored as binary digits. data and instructions are both stored
in primary storage.

8. Harvard Architecture

9. Von Neumann Architecture

10. Difference between Harvard and Von Neumann Architectures

11. SUMMARY
An embedded system is a product that has one or more computers
embedded within it, which exercise primarily a control function.
The embedded computer is usually a microcontroller: a microprocessor
adapted for embedded control applications.
Microcontrollers are designed according to accepted electronic and
computer principles, and are fundamentally made up of microprocessor
core, memory and peripherals.
Microchip offers a wide range of microcontrollers, divided into a number
of different families. Each family has identical central architecture and
instruction set. However, common features also appear across all their
microcontrollers.
The Microchip 12F508 is a good microcontroller to introduce a range of
features of microcontrollers in general and of PIC microcontrollers in
particular.

12. THANK YOU