This presentation is about the gas chromatography. its components, and their mechanism, used is Petroleum industry

1. G A S C H R O M AT O G R A P H Y
P R E S E N T E D BY : D A S R AT K A R M A N I

2. INTRODUCTION
• Gas chromatography – It is a process of separating component(s)
from the given crude drug by using a gaseous mobile phase.
• It involves a sample being vaporized and injected onto the head of
the chromatographic column. The sample is transported through the
column by the flow of inert, gaseous mobile phase. The column itself
contains a liquid stationary phase which is adsorbed onto the surface
of an inert solid.
• Two major types
• Gas-solid chromatography
(stationary phase: solid)
• Gas-liquid chromatography
(stationary phase: immobilized liquid)

3. ADVANTAGES OF GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY
• The technique has strong separation power and even complex
mixture can be resolved into constituents.
• The sensitivity of the method is quite high.
• It gives good precision and accuracy.
• The analysis is completed in a short time.
• The cost of instrument is relatively low and its life is generally long.
• The technique is relatively suitable for routine analysis

4. COMPONENTS OF GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY
• Carrier gas
- He (common), N2, H2, Argon.
• Sample injection port
- micro syringe.
• Columns
2-50 m coiled stainless steel/glass/Teflon.
• Detectors
-Flame ionization (FID)
-Thermal conductivity (TCD)
-Electron capture (ECD)
-Nitrogen-phosphorus
-Flame photometric (FPD)
-Photo-ionization (PID)

5. SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF A GAS CHROMATOGRAPH

6. APPLICATIONS OF GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY
• Qualitative Analysis – by comparing the retention time or volume of
the sample to the standard / by collecting the individual components
as they emerge from the chromatograph and subsequently identifying
these compounds by other method.
• Quantitative Analysis- area under a single component elution peak is
proportional to the quantity of the detected component/response
factor of the detectors.
• Volatile Oils, official monograph gives chromatography profile for
some drugs. E.g. to aid distinction between anise oil from star anise
and that from Pimpinelle anisum
• Separation of fatty acids derived from fixed oils

7. APPLICATIONS OF GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY
• Miscellaneous-analysis of foods like carbohydrates, proteins, lipids,
vitamins, steroids, drug and pesticides residues, trace elements.
• Pollutants like formaldehyde, carbon monoxide, benzen, DDT etc.
• Dairy product analysis- rancidity.
• Separation and identification of volatile materials, plastics, natural
and synthetic polymers, paints, and microbiological samples.
• Inorganic compound analysis