Toxic Waste Discrimination Paper

Toxic Waste Discrimination Paper
As CEO of a small manufacturing company, if an employee has dumped toxic waste in a nearby stream, I would seek help from the hazardous waste
supervisor within the company first. The supervisor should be knowledgeable enough to get the situation under control. Toxic waste is a serious safety
and health problem and it is my job as CEO to prevent any further danger to the work environment and the surrounding area. While getting assistance
from within, I would call both the federal Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as well as state departments of environmental protection.
Once the situation is under control, I would call the employee responsible for the dumping in my office. I would ask him or her a series of questions to
understand why the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I would ask the supervisor where he or she was located when this situation took place. I would also ask the supervisor if he or she authorized the
dumping of toxic waste into the stream. Because of the incident, I would inquire if the employee was trained properly on how to handle hazardous waste
. I would also get a written statement from the supervisor, explaining the situation.
Then, I would speak with the hazardous waste supervisor within the company to make sure we had the appropriate work plan in place to prevent this
situation from happening. Training makes workers aware of the potential hazards they may encounter. I need to know if all employers and employees
were provided the necessary training to perform their duties with minimum risk to their safety and health. Also, I need to know if a site evaluation was
conducted before allowing workers to enter the worksite again, as well as the status of the emergency response teams.
Now, it is time to address the media getting the word out to the surrounding area about the dumping of the toxic waste in the stream. Letting them know
how we plan to correct this problem. Also, it is important that the people know that we will work around the clock, along with emergency personnel
making sure there will be no harm to them or their
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Hazardous Waste Landfill In America
A Cleaner Community Emelle, Alabama not only holds one of the biggest commercial hazardous–waste landfill in America, but African–Americans
make up 90% of the population of the town. A Choctaw Native American reservation in Philadelphia, Mississippi holds a 466–acre hazardous landfill
(Wright 532). These statistics have revealed the sensitive boundary between racial and social classes. Specific human factors have driven the need for
change in environmental practices, such as growing human population, increased natural resource consumption, and the effluent discharges of
manufacturing. This situation has resulted in a significant negative impact on world ecosystems (Dietz, Ostrom, and Stern 1907). What ties both of
these critical concerns... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Programs like the the Brownfield Act of 2002 created under Superfund development, which is an organization that works to provide for cleanup of
abandoned hazardous waste sites, provides funds for the remediation of brownfields, which are abandoned or underused industrial and commercial
facilities where redevelopment is prevented by environmental hazards that often come from the illegal dumping of toxic materials (Wright 528).
Unfortunately, funding for Superfund programs has slowed, forcing taxpayers to pay one billion dollars a year to cleanup abandoned sites of
hazardous waste. There are still 500,000 thousand areas that have been identified as brownfields that need to be rehabilitated for the preservation of
natural ecosystems. (Miller and Spoolman 579). By having increased investment into this program through a new approach of taxation on current
polluters and owners of contaminated lands, the government will not only work to preserve biodiversity within the environment, but economically
benefit communities in disadvantaged areas who are subjected to environmental injustice. Within Western Chicago, a former bus barn was slowly
transforming into a site for illegal garbage dumping. With resources from Superfund, the EPA was able to clear the site for reuse, leading to its
acquirement by Scott Peterson Meats. The area now serves as a smokehouse worth 5.2 million dollars,

The Affects of Hazardous Waste Material to the Environment
The Affects of Hazardous Waste Material to the Environment
What are Hazardous Waste Materials?
Hazardous wastes are poisonous byproducts of manufacturing, farming, city septic systems, construction, automotive shops, laboratories, hospitals, and
other industries such as Military installations and military training areas. The waste may be liquid, solid, or sludge and contain chemicals, heavy metals,
radiation, dangerous pathogens, or other toxins. Even households generate hazardous waste from items such as batteries, used computer equipment,
and leftover paints or pesticides. The waste can harm humans, animals, and plants if they encounter these toxins buried in the ground, in stream runoff,
in groundwater that supplies drinking ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If a very small amount of a hazardous substance is released, it may become diluted to the point where it will not cause injury. A hazardous substance
can cause injury or death to a person, plant, or animal if:
A large amount is released at one time
A small amount is released many times at the same place
The substance does not become diluted
The substance is very toxic (for example, arsenic).
Coming into contact with a substance is called an exposure. The effects of exposure depend on:
How the substance is used and disposed of
Who is exposed to it?
The concentration, or dose, of exposure
How someone is exposed
How long or how often someone is exposed.
Humans, plants, and animals can be exposed to hazardous substances through inhalation, ingestion, or dermal exposure.
Inhalation – we can breathe vapors from hazardous liquids or even from contaminated water while taking a shower.
Ingestion – we can eat fish, fruits and vegetables, or meat that has been contaminated through exposure to hazardous substances. Also, small children
often eat soil or household materials that may be contaminated, such as paint chips containing lead. Probably the most common type of exposure is
drinking contaminated water.
Dermal exposure – a substance can come into direct contact with and be absorbed by our skin.

Exposures
Exposures can be either acute or chronic. An acute exposure is a single exposure to a hazardous substance for a

Hazardous Waste Disposal In Eden Prairie
Renting a dumpster in Eden Prairie is a great way of getting rid of your household and yard trash, but there are a few things you should know
beforehand, such as if you need an Eden Prairie dumpster permit, what, where and how you can recycle and how to safely dispose of hazardous waste
products.
Eden Prairie Dumpster Permit
If you are a resident of Eden Prairie, you do not need any type of permit to place a temporary dumpster in your own yard or driveway. A permit is
required if you place a dumpster on a public easement or city right of way. You can download and print the application here. (http://www.edenprairie.org
/home/showdocument?id=706)
With the permit, you must submit the application fee, a sketch showing the location and placement ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Please note, electronic waste is not accepted at the events, it is only for hazardous waste.
To find out the dates and times for these collection events and a full list of accepted materials, please visit here. (http://www.hennepin.us/residents
/recycling–hazardous–waste/collection–events)
Hennepin County's Green Guide (http://www.hennepin.us/green–disposal–guide) gives numerous other disposal options for the following

Hazardous Waste In America Essay
The United States has always been known as the home of the brave and land of the free. We tend to think our country is dominant, advanced, and
stable; we also like to overshadow our problems with our glorious recognition as almost the entire world has seen our patriotism in some sense. "Every
year one American produces over 3,285 pounds of hazardous waste"; the total population in the United States is around 300,000,000. In other words, if
we calculate the number of Americans living in the United States and the number of pounds each American produces, the total of hazardous waste is
about 925,500,000,000. That is 115 times more waste than the entire population on Earth; China and India's population exceeds 1,000,000,000. Just
imagine how much waste is being produced on a global scale. This hazardous waste is not only destroying species but also their habitats, which are
more important because they provide intrinsic value to our community as a whole. Together, we must preserve and conserve Earth's natural ecological
system and its citizens ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In China, hazardous rivers flow in–between cities to which if one were to reach and touch the water, his skin would inflame due to the chemicals. We
need to address this land pyramid ethic because China and the United States are not the only countries in the world that has hazardous waste issues.
Leopard's argument is not suggesting that we stop our industrialization, but rather having efficiency and organization in the process. We can keep
producing hazardous technology, but we must clean up after ourselves and not let Mother Nature face the music. We just need to monitor our
production rates and how much of it is actually hurting the environment. We have the capabilities to make use of it, so instead of letting Mother Nature
take the heat, we can find ways of making that waste into reusable

The Impact Of Love Canal
Love Canal is a neighborhood located in the city of Niagara Falls that was built on a toxic waste dump. The hazardous waste, the residents of Love
Canal were living on had detrimental effects on their health and the surrounding environment. Families who purchased houses were unaware that their
backyard had buried waste under it. Once the residents had developed health issues, investigations of the environment took place. After the citizens
found this out, they battled with state, and federal authorities demanding that suitable and lasting reparations were made. Love Canal is an environmental
tragedy that had a major health impact on the residents, and helped lead to changes in the way our society thinks.
In 1892, a man named William T. Love... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They also establish temporary evacuation of pregnant women and young children Over the next 2 years, the residents who were forced to stayed
were more angry than anything else and all they wanted was to get out and move, however, most of them didn't have the money to leave and
abandoned their houses, so the residents created the Love Canal homeowners association, for the purpose of......(VIDEO). One protest in particular
lead to the federal government ordering evacuation of everyone who lived in Love Canal by buying all of the homes. Following the evacuation, they
started the cleanup process. It took nearly 21 years and estimated of $400 million for the cleanup of love canal(SOURCE). The toxins were capped in
clay and surrounded by a drainage system(Video).
Love Canal has demonstrated that change can happen when people get involved. One of the main changes that came out of this, was that Congress
passed the Comprehensive Environmental response Compensation, and Liability Act, also known as the Superfund act(SOURCE). Superfund was
established to ensure that if another Love Canal happened, they would have the money to go in and do some testing and take this the right measures
to fix it. Today north of Love canal was renamed Black Creek Village

The Underground Ocean Of Hazardous Waste
On any given day in the United States there can be as many as five hundred thousand shipments of hazardous materials transported all over the country.
There are close to Five billion tons of regulated hazardous waste that move between states annually either by truck, rail, air, or water carriers. Truck
transport is the most common way of transporting hazardous materials in terms of both tonnage and vehicles. This poses a major risk to the public
because these truck are driving down streets, roads, highways and interstate routes that lead into highly populated communities such as towns and
cities. The large number of trucks that are traveling on these road are subject to all kinds of risk factors that could cause an accident. This puts the
environment ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One of the big issues right now here in North America is Fracking. Fracking or Hydraulic Fracturing is the process of drilling down into the earth with
a high–pressure water mixture that is directed at the rock to release the gas or gases inside. The left over water that was used to drill the hole is what
is left behind after the gases and oil is extracted. This water in comprised of many different chemical that can potentially be harmful to our environment
in the short and long terms. Author Mark Niquette describes the large amount of waste water as an "Underground Ocean of Industrial Waste". Mr.
Niqutte goes further in discussing the fracking problem in Ohio is his article "An Underground Ocean of Industrial Waste". "The nationwide boom in
hydraulic fracturing–aka fracking–means energy–extraction companies in the United States can produce thousands of barrels of oil and millions of
cubic feet of natural gas from once–inaccessible places. They're also producing something else: oceans of brine from drilling as well as fracking
fluid, the chemical laced water used to blast open cracks in buried rock where fossil fuel lurks. That wastewater has to go someplace."( Niqutte). Mr.
Niqutte also stated "The preferred way to dispose of the brine and fracking fluid–typically a stew of water and a long list of chemical additives,
including rust inhibitors and antibacterial agents–is to pump it out of sight, out of mind into deep, cavernous wells built for the purpose. Ohio's
geological underbelly, composed of permeable rock formations, is ideally suited for sub bolding tanks." and "All that underground space has made
Ohio a leading importer of wastewater from other states. Last year, oil and gas companies injected 511 million gallons into Ohio's wells, the most on
record, according to the state's Department of Natural Resources. More than half came from elsewhere."

E-waste Essay example
Over the past decade there was a prominent development observed in the sphere of high technologies production, so the scale of electronics market
becomes wider and spins up from day to day. "According to the Consumer Electronics Association (CEA), consumers were expected to purchase 500
million units of consumer electronics in the US in 2008. US households spend about $1407 per year on hardware." (Electronics Takeback coalition,
2010) Accordingly, there is a clear tendency of rapid substitution of electronic appliances observed, as every other day producers offer consumers more
efficient and powerful gadgets instead of their predecessors. Consequently, high rate in electronics upgrading results in shortening of their lifespan and
following... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Now consumers are not supplied with enough opportunities for a proper disposal of e–waste, i.e. recycling management is not sufficiently developed.
Consequently, instead of being recycled a growing number of end–of–life electronics with a variety of hazardous components such as lead, mercury set
in their structure is turned out to be simply dumped in landfills or incinerated, which substantially exposes the whole environment to a serious problem
of contamination with toxins. For example, 'milligrams of mercury that are used in LCDs structure, can be so toxic that as little as one gram of
airborne mercury deposited per year to a 20–acre lake is enough to maintain mercury contamination at a level where the fish are unsafe to eat'.
(Takeback coalition, 2009) Besides, such placement of toxic e–waste in landfills leads to expansion of different human health problems such as
'elevated risks of cancer and developmental and neurological disorders'. (Binns, 2006) Mercury can serve as a glare example as even in a small dosage
it is very toxic and may bring about brain and kidney damage. In 2000 the National Academy of Sciences stated in its report that as mercury is able to
be passed through breast milk, each year there are approximately

The Contamination Of Love Canal
Environmental issues teaches about a variety of different aspects that impact the environment on a day–to–day basis. One of these environmental
disasters happened starting in the 1920s and was a completely man made issue that could have been avoided. It is becoming numb to the public as
more and more environmental issues are coming to the surface, but one issue that is incredibly shocking is the contamination of Love Canal. It definitely
caused an incredibly large impact of the public surrounding the Love Canal and Niagara Falls in general. It was an environmental disaster that
clearly affected the earth's natural process due to the air, soil and water being polluted with hazardous chemicals, and many people felt the
devastating effects it had. It is important to have a basic understanding of where the Love Canal resided and what it was to understand the true
impact it had on the society. The Love Canal is located in Niagara Falls, New York; it is so close to Canada that it even connected the Niagara River
and Lake Ontario. It was approximately 9,750 feet in length ranges anywhere from 10 to 25 feet in depth. It was a 70–acre area with a whopping
16–acre hazardous waste landfill, and most of the water that filled the canal was impounded. Impounded water is essentially a pool of water that is
formed by a pit or dam and used to equip water for wildlife and livestock. The creation of the Love Canal is attributed to William T. Love in the
1890's, but soon after,

The Waste Of Hazardous Waste
Hazardous waste considered as an undesirable substance which characterized by ignitable, infectious, corrosion, explosion and toxicity(Environmental
Protection and Heritage Council, 2010). It could be a solid, liquid, gasses, or sludges. It becomes dangerous to humans and the environmental health
whether not treatment, storing, transportation or disposal properly(Western Australia Department of Environment and Conservation, 1996).
Scope of the report will be discussed,
1.Hazardous waste types.
2.The facility types.
3.What is the hazardous waste which receives by the disposal sites?
Objectives
1.To reduce the product of hazardous waste and induce the factories to reuse or recycle the waste.
2.How to handle with hazardous waste and treatment.
Sources
The sources of the report come from several sources as government and published articles,
Background
Hazardous waste is production by several factories, but a petroleum and chemical factories are most famous factories which hazardous waste
production. According to United States Environment Protection Agency (USEPA), there are broad categories of hazardous waste. They are: Listed
hazardous waste and Characteristic hazardous waste(USEPA, 2005).
Listed waste, can be further classified into(USEPA, 2005):
1.F–list: Waste comes from nonspecific sources, as spent dissolvent, and electroplate wastes, dioxins, the petroleum and hydrocarbons.
2.K–list: Waste from specific sources, such as pesticide, explosive makings,

The Greatest Epa Cleanup Program
I read a few of the essays published by Aldo Leopold from 1998 to 2001 in a book of collective essays called For the Health of the Land. The
collection is a plea from Leopold for the development of land ethic. He believes that humans have the responsibility to interact with the land in ways
that promote its good being. Even though the essays were published over 50 years ago, progress in Leopold's concept of land health has just begun.
The EPA (US Environmental Protection Agency) are helping by conducting cleanups at sites where hazardous chemicals have been released into the
environment. These cleanups take place at abandoned waste sights, federal facilities, and where any storage tanks have leaked. Cleanups may also
include the reuse of sites and redevelopment of natural habitats. The greatest EPA cleanup program is called theSuperfund program. This program
locates, investigates and cleans hazardous waste sites throughout the US.
Superfund starts when the release of hazardous materials or a possible waste site is reported. The EPA then investigates the site and compiles a
database of hazardous materials and their location. After cleanup is complete, the EPA continues to see to compliance monitoring of the site. The sites
cleaned up by Superfund are ones outside of Federal control and are therefore the responsibility of the independent owners. The owners must pay for
property cleanup, aftercare, and monitoring of the site. They are charged penalties or fines if they fail

Tragedy At The Love Canal
Angela Donohue
Tamara Heinemann
Env–226–201
7 May 2013 Tragedy at the Love Canal A quite family neighborhood would awake one day to find themselves the center of one of the most
devastating environmental disasters of all time. Originally designed as a dream community and named for William Love the owner of the tract of
land in Niagara Falls, New York it would later become a life and law changing event. When the original plans for the canal were considered it was
thought to be an economical way to bring a cheap source of power to the would be development, but William Love struggled to find the path he
needed to turn his dreams into a reality. By 1920 the land was turned ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These are the two types of response actions CERCLA is authorized to carry out.
1. Removal actions. These are typically short–term response actions, where actions may be taken to address releases or threatened releases requiring
prompt response. Removal actions are classified as: (1) emergency; (2) time–critical; and (3) non–time critical. Removal responses are generally used
to address localized risks such as abandoned drums containing hazardous substances, and contaminated surface soils posing acute risks to human health
or the environment.
2. Remedial actions. These are usually long–term response actions. Remedial actions seek to permanently and significantly reduce the risks associated
with releases or threats of releases of hazardous substances which are serious, but lack the time–criticality of removal actions, and include such
measures as preventing the migration of pollutants and neutralizing toxic substances. These actions can be conducted only at sites listed on the EPA
National Priorities List (NPL) in the United States and the territories.
Since the birth of The Superfund Act there has been a fair amount of controversy in its effectiveness ofhazardous waste site cleanup, but upon my
research it appears to have had a great deal of success in the execution of its laws. Although each new administration brings a change of funding, or
lack thereof, the EPA fights on

Hazardous Waste Essay
Hazardous waste and its proper disposal have become a major sociological problem today due to its capability of contaminating the area in which we
live and its potential to be lethal to all living things. In order for the United States and the rest of the world to save itself from a potentially life
threatening problem they must fix the causes which lead to the improper disposal of hazardous wastes and like materials. Some reasons that hazardous
waste has become a problem in the United States today is due to the breakdown in enforcing laws for the proper disposal of such wastes, a lack of
initiative on big companies behalf to spend money on proper disposal, and the ease of disposing of such wastes illegally.
The mistakes of the past ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Its true that well over 150 million Americans depend on groundwater for their everyday lives. The problem with this is that once groundwater is
polluted or contaminated, rehabilitation is almost impossible. "A recent government report revealed that private and public water supplies have been
contaminated in at least twenty–five states"(Block, 1985, p.51). These poisonous chemicals can accumulate underground and stay in the same locations
for lengthy periods of time. These chemicals never evaporating or breaking down from the rays of the sun can possibly "accumulate in aquifers for
hundreds of thousands of years, during which time they may continually spoil the groundwater that flows through the area"(Block, 1985, p.53). The
major factor that allows these practices to go on is the failure of enforcement.
Government agencies like the EPA are given the authority to investigatehazardous waste dumpers and illegal landfills. However, there are so few
regulations on the proper handling of toxic wastes that these toxic waste dumpers have almost an open invitation to continue their practices.
The enforcement record against toxic waste dumpers is not nearly as strong as the enforcement record was against bootlegers during Prohibition. . . .
Enforcement failure occurs for three reasons В– a regulatory policy of minimal compliance . . . political and law enforcement

The Problem Household hazardous waste along with E–waste is not only becoming an enormous problem locally in developed nations but also a major
issue on a global scale. "A hazardous waste is a waste that exhibits a hazardous characteristic or is a listed waste. There are four criteria that define a
characteristic hazardous waste. They are: 1. Ignitability, 2. Corrosivity, 3. Reactivity, 4. Toxicity." These materials can be flammable, reactive, or
unstable enough to release toxic fumes into the atmosphere. They are capable of corroding metal containers such as tanks, barrels, and drums.
Currently, the Environmental Protection Agency has over 500 items designated ashazardous waste. Examples of household hazardous waste ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The waste is ending up in landfills or is burned for energy across the state. This is most certainly damaging our environment and our future.
E–Waste "E–waste is a growing problem in our country and the rest of the world. Approximately 20 million computers were obsolete in 1998 and less
than 15 percent of the computers are recycled. Policies regarding e–waste may differ at the federal and state level, but e–waste policies should create,
and hopefully, ensure safety and prevent calamity." Local E–waste disposal information can be found at: <http:llwww.ci.ceres.ca.us
/40651–OldElectronicEquipmentRecycling.pdf> . E–waste can also be disposed of at the Household Hazardous Waste Collection and Electronic
Facility located at the previous mentioned telephone number and address on 1716 Morgan Road. This facility accepts cell phones, televisions,
computer monitors, laptops, computers, printers, fax machines, and copiers.
Global Implications and Impact The electronic waste we dispose of locally, even when we dispose of it properly has a major global effect in other
countries like China, India and Pakistan. Even when E–waste is properly disposed of here in the United States it still ends up in our landfills and
incinerators. According to the EOA, in 1997 more than 3.2 million tons of E–waste ended up in U.S. landfills. Recycling methods of electronics include,

Racism and Social Injustice Essay
In the United States and internationally, there is a multitude of indicators that the racial environment is changing. Environmental pollution and racism
are connected in more ways than one. The world is unconsciously aware of environmental intolerances, yet continues to expose the poor and
minorities to physical hazards. Furthermore, sociologist continue to study "whether racial disparities are largely a function of socioeconomic
disparities or whether other factors associated with race are also related to the distribution of environmental hazards" (Mohai and Saha 2007: 345).
Many of these factors include economic positions, health disparities, social and political affairs, as well as racial inequalities. A large number of
low–income and... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Hazards and pollutants are apparent in a variety of outcomes. Possible outcomes include asthma, cancer and chemical poisoning (Gee and
Payne–Sturges 2004: 1647). Furthermore, "Although debated, the main hypothesis explaining these disparities is that disadvantaged communities
encounter greater exposure to environmental toxins such as air pollution, pesticides, and lead" (Gee and Payne–Sturges 2004: 1647). Therefore,
disadvantaged groups, such as people of color and the poor, experience greater environmental risks. Additionally, "Blacks in particular are exposed to
a disproportionate amount of pollution and suffer the highest levels of lead and pesticide poisoning and other associated health problems" (Jones and
Rainey 2006: 474). People of color, essentially, compete to live healthily. For example, African
–Americans and Africans alike, struggle with the
negative affects of oil refineries and unresponsive governments. The same can be said for Hispanics in California and the natives of Ecuador, who are
forced to cope with the pollution of the Texaco oil refineries (Bullard 2001: 4). Environmentalracism not only exploits natural resources, it abuses and
profits from the communities involved. Governments and polluting facilities will continue to capitalize on the economic susceptibilities of poor
communities, states, nations and regions for their "unsound" and hazardous operations (Bullard 2001: 23).
For

Hazardous Waste Reduction Of Hospitals
Hazardous Waste Reduction in Hospitals
Ray Gladkowski III
Columbia Southern University
Hazardous Waste Reduction in Hospitals
Ray Gladkowski
Columbia State University
General Purpose:To inform
Specific Purpose:To inform listeners of the different types of ways for hazardouswaste reduction in hospitals
Central Idea:Hazardous waste reduction in the medical or hospital field is a possible task that takes perseverance through reduction of what hazardous
materials come in, develop and implement a reduction plan and find innovative ways to handle, treat, or dispose of the waste.
INTRODUCTION
I.Hospitals or health care service providers deal with hazardous wastes in the workplace. Sometimes it can be a daunting task to correctly treat,
dispose, or transport these wastes within the hospital's monetary means and provide a safe and healthy workplace. With most hospitals dealing with
budget cuts, hazardous waste reduction is top priority. Hazardous waste reduction in the medical or hospital field is a possible task. This is possible by
perseverance through reduction of what hazardous materials come in, development and implementation of a reduction plan and finding innovative
ways to handle, treat, or dispose of the waste.
BODY
I. Development and Implementation of a Reduction Plan
A. Form a waste reduction team.
B. Develop a comprehensive plan.
C. Initiate, monitor, and adjust for safer and healthier workplace.
II. Reduction of hazardous materials coming in

Mississippi River Pollution
The Mississippi River originates in Minnesota and winds it way down to the Gulf of Mexico. The Mississippi is iconic to American culture, and
there is a fondness for the Old Man River; where images of paddleboats and Tom Sawyer come to mind. What does not come to mind is our nation's
river is sick. According to a report in the St. Louis Dispatch, the Mississippi is the second most polluted river in the United States, coming in just
behind the Ohio River (Bernhard, 2012). The Mississippi is experiencing a number of environmental problems from dead zones at the mouth of the
Mississippi, plagued with invasive species such as Asian Carp, to being contaminated with industrial chemicals, raw sewage, agriculture pesticides, and
plain old everyday trash.
The Mississippi is a fresh water ecosystem that is in danger of being polluted beyond repair. In 2010, more than 12.7 million pounds of toxic chemicals
were dumped into the Mississippi River (Bernhard, 2012). Fertilizer runoff is said to have created one of the largest dead zones, over 8463 square
miles beginning at the mouth of the Mississippi River and extending into the Gulf of Mexico (Dorsner 2015) Even though I live upstream from the
majority of the contamination, we are directly affected by the overall quality of fresh water. Some of these toxins are carcinogens. Our national heath
is affected. When the government gets involved in clean up, we all pay. Our taxes pay for the cost of clean up and the cost of

The New Hazardous Waste: Electronic Waste Essay
The New Hazardous Waste: Electronic Waste
Technology has opened human existence to greater ideas and knowledge than we ever thought was possible. Technological advances in everything
from medicine to the distribution of information have made for a better and more convenient life. Computers and the use of the internet has created a
global network in which people half–way across the globe from each other can communicate and share information instantaneously. In 1965 Gordon
Moore, one of the founding members of the Intel corporation, observed and proclaimed that the processing power of computers was doubling every 18
months. Labeled as Moore's Law, this trend continues to this day. This law and the mindset that everyone... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The monitors of televisions and computers are known as cathode ray tubes, or CRTs. Each consists of about 4 pounds of lead, a solid element that is
dangerous to humans. If the 315 million obsolete computers in the world are taken into account, there is about 1.2 billion tons of lead that has to be
destroyed in some way.1 In addition to CRTs, circuit boards and batteries from computers have high concentrations of lead, mercury, cadmium and
hexavalent chromium. The plastics used to make computers and televisions most contain polyvinyl chloride, which, when burned, produces dioxins.
Plastics that don't contain polyvinyl chloride may contain brominated flame–retardants. A study performed by the California Department of Health
Problems found dangerously high levels of BFRs in the blubber of Harbor Seals and in the breast milk of nursing mothers in California's bay area.1
Lead and mercury are considered neurotoxins and can cause IQ deficits and developmental abnormalities in children even in very small levels of
exposure. Hexavalent chromium can cause sinus and lung tumors when inhaled. Finally Cadmium can cause pulmonary damage when burned or
heated and is listed on the EPA's list of "probable human carcinogens".
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Name Use/Location Health Effects
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In The Early 1980S, Environment Justice Activist Prioritized
In the early 1980s, Environment Justice activist prioritized their efforts to focus on the unequal amounts of waste dumps in minority communities. The
increased awareness of these situations led to the development of EJ from the civil rights movement that happened around the same time.
Environmental Justice is defined by its recognition that, "disparate and disproportionate environmental impacts occur among different communities
across racial and socio–economic lines, affected communities should be appraised of environmental issues affecting them, and these communities
should be incorporated in any decision–making process." (Middendorf, 2007) Through the first and third components of environmental justice, a lot of
social... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This movement is centered around two issues which are the, "siting and expansion of hazardous and undesirable facilities in poor and minority
communities and the effort to remediate, relocate, and/or pay damages to members of poor and minority communities affected by pollution." (Allen
2007). Some of the specific environmental inequalities that happened after the storm was through the disposal of disaster debris in inappropriate
locations with improper remediation and indiscriminate mixing of hazardous and nonhazardous waste. An example of this would be when the EPA
and Federal Emergency Management Agency were reluctant to act and clean up the debris after the storm because state officials were worried about
opening neighborhoods so that residents could return and return to stimulating the economy of that area in New Orleans. Government agents in some
under privileged, urban and lower and middle class neighborhood were simply hoping the rain and the material would simply wash away but as it has
rained it created lots of very toxic sludge. Even though the toxic sludge contaminated many residential homes, they were still allowed to inspect the
damage of the storm and if able, clean up debris and search for their remaining belongings and the local, state, and federal officials never recommend
any precautions under these serious

Toxic Waste And Hazardous Waste
Toxic wastes are a big problem what we are still facing today around the world. Most of this toxic waste is affecting our water that people need to
survive with. Drinking water is now dangerous in certain parts of the world, and water is very essential to living. If they can't have drinking water,
how do we expect them to have water to clean them as well? With the toxic wastes being a big controversy, we as a whole need to stand up and fix
this problem for everyone. People only want to take control when it is hitting home, with their neighbors and family and friends. What few have failed
to realize, it has been in our homes as well.
There is a difference between "toxic waste" and "hazardous waste" that many people don't know about. People just categorize all negative aspects of
waste as hazardous, even though neither one is good for yourself or the environment. Toxic waste is when only the negative is digested or absorbed,
then in can be harmful to the body. This includes things that can cause birth defects, injuries, or death to living organisms. While hazardous waste is
when it is a solid, liquid, or gas that contains one or more of these properties; reactive, can be ignitable, can corrode, or has toxicity and which may
have to be handled, stored, transported, and disposed of in a controlled manner.
According to the California Department of Toxic Substances Control, hazardous waste is described as a waste that has substances in it that can make it
harmful to human health

Environmental Racism And Environmental Justice
Environmental Racism and Environmental Justice
Environmental Racism and Environmental justice is one of the biggest global issues that the world has facing and dealing with and critically hits the
world as a result inconsistency implementation from the government. It has many issues that out of control and unprecedented and discriminating in
the process. the government hasn't want to stabilizing the issues and environmental discrimination, and environmental policy making are one of the top
critically impact the affect the global issues and confronting environmental racism in our generation twenty first century.
According to Bullard, R. (2002), "despite significant improvements in environmental protection over past several ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Moreover, the consideration of the problematic equation associated with environmental injustice is not only concern of the movement. For example
from the statement of Bullard, when stated about the environmental justice practical reality, "advances environmental justice is not a social program",
nor it and affirmative action program and that ultimately the central concern of the movement is the implementation of justice ("American
Environmental Justice Movement | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy", 2016). The statement of environmental justice, originated with a great
passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Title VI, which stated that the illegality of any act against the passage that not permitted or allowed the
federal government to discrimination any bases of race, color and national origin. Nevertheless, the reality and actual practice has been differently and
the global environment issues have many conflicts that critically influence and move the world in critical movement. (http://www.iep.utm.edu/enviro–j
/#H3) As a result today there is no place in the world have environment is protected and resistible because of intentional governmental

The Disposal Methods Of Medical, Electronic, And Hazardous...
In order to maintain a high quality of life, we must address the importance of managing waste disposal. Waste disposal refers to the proper recycling
and jettison of discarded or discharged material. There are different methods of handling unwanted products that have reached their end–of–life.
Logistics plays an important role in the disposal of these materials. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to explore the disposal methods of medical,
electronic, and hazardous waste.
On average there are over 3.5 million tons of medical waste generated per year by the United States alone, according to reports in 2004. Medical
waste, as classified by the World Health Organization, is waste that is generated in the diagnosis, treatment, or immunization of human beings or
animals. If not properly disposed of, medical waste can cause risks for the healthcare personnel as well as the public. Logistics pays a role in planning,
managing, and controlling the flow of medical waste until it is properly disposed of. Medical waste is segregated before disposal into different color
bins and bags. The correct method of storage is also important. There is also a need for proper labeling, especially if the waste is hazardous.
The Medical Waste Management Program was established to protect the public and environment from potentially infectious diseases. According to the
California Department of Public Health, the program regulates the generation, handling, storage, treatment, and disposal of

What Are The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Bioremediation?
Abstract:
Bioremediation is the technology which is used to clean up the environmental pollutants. Bioremediation can be introduced as an efficient and cost
effective method for the cleanup of contaminated waste water. Waste water contains heavy metals like Cadmium,Chromium, Nickel, Lead,
Selenium,Arsenic, and Zinc.These metals are poisonous to the human body system. These metals can be removed using this technique. Currently
microorganisms are widely used in Bioremediation process, generally in waste water treatments. Microorganisms are used for bioremediation process
because they synthesize enzymes to use environmental contaminations as foods. Also microorganisms are very small so they are able to contact
contaminations easily.Microbial bioremediation ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Disadvantages of Bioremediation Bioremediation will produce high mobile toxic bi products by breaking down the organic contaminants ,if the
process is controlled .The toxicity level and the environmental conditions in the ground are sensitive to bioremediation e.g.–these conditions are useful
for microbial activities ,by considering the factors like temperature , alkalinity ,pH
It is advised that field monitoring to break the rate of biodegradation of organic contaminants. It will be difficult to control the volatile organic
compounds (VOC s), if the process is used in an ex–situ condition. This treatment time is longer than other remediation technologies. Only the
biodegradable compounds are used to treat effectively in the range of contaminants. Leaves residual levels that can be highly toxic and persistent
.because there is not defined level of "clean site" it is difficult for the performance evaluations. So they have performance criteria regulations.
.Conclusion:
Bio remediation is a low cost, less hardworking, massively applicable process that is able to remove toxic and unnecessary chemicals, organisms from
the environment for the benefit of mankind. This is applicable for the use of both animals and plants. But, it's main advantage is for human. Also, there
is a need of having a short treatment time to reduce

Fort Riley : A Military Installation
Fort Riley is a military installation that is in the Geary, Riley, and Clay counties in Kansas. Fort Riley was established in 1852 and is currently the
home of the Army's First Infantry Division along with many other units (Kansas Historical Society, 2012). It is located in the northeastern part of
the state and is only an hour away from Topeka, the state's capital. Many portions of the fort are along the Kansas River and the Republican River.
Around the fort is mostly agricultural or rural. Fort Riley consists of over 100 thousand acres and contains multiple sources that are contaminated.
There are landfills, hospitals, motor pools, and burn pits along with other facilities. There are well within the Camp Funston Landfill that have been
contaminated with vinyl chloride along with other VOCS. Ground water around the dry cleaning facilities on the post have had PCE detected in
them. Due to a fire training pit near the Marshall Army Airfield, ground water around this location has been contaminated with VOCS. With Fort
Riley being a military installation, the landfill has been reported to have contaminants including degreasing solvents and waste oils. Mercury was
also found to have been deposited into the landfill. The landfill is near the flood plain of the Kansas River and is considered to be the most
concerning problem within Fort Riley. The river is commonly used for recreational activities such as fishing. The bald eagle, which is listed as an
endangered species, is

Hazardous Waste and Superfund Sites
Strain on Superfund
At its inception, Superfund was initially asked to identify and clean–up hazardous waste sites. However, thirty years later the United States is facing
additional new threats to the health and safety of the American people. The Superfund sites themselves are becoming "nightmares to deal with, due to
disturbances and damage caused by extreme weather conditions brought on by climate change" (Treadman, 2010). The EPA website states, "hazardous
waste sites can discharge and release large quantities of toxic substances when subject to flooding, tornados and hurricanes" (EPA, 2010). The
additional costs of cleanup, and disruptions caused by extreme weather events have caused a tremendous financial burden on an already ailing ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Chemical manufacturers are also opposed to any new Superfund fees. They contend that chemicals found in waste sites are often used in everything
from disposed plastics to public water treatment facilities (LaGrega, Buckingham & Evans, 2001). Chemical industry insiders say that billions of
dollars have been invested by the industry to pay for responsible clean–up of toxic waste, and should Congress reinstate a Superfund excise tax,
companies would shift jobs overseas. Moving jobs overseas would undermine a hoped for economic recovery in the manufacturing sector in the United
States (Eilperin, 2010). Conclusion
Originally, the Superfund excise tax was intended to generate a stable stream of revenue for toxic waste cleanups. The main targets were sites that
were abandoned by companies that had faded or fled from the scene (Lester & Rabe, 2008). Lately, the fund has been stretched to the limits with a
series of unforeseen natural disasters, and because the fund has run out of money it is unable to deliver on its original intended purpose. With the
lack of funding, the government (taxpayers) is footing the bill, and the pace of cleanups has slowed dramatically. Last year, the EPA worked on 19
toxic waste sites which is down from 89 ten years earlier (LaGrega, Buckingham & Evans, 2001).
While there is no doubt that the Superfund program is facing a budget crunch, and

Lithium as a Hazardous Waste
Principles of Environmental Science: Lithium as a Hazardous Waste: While lithium batteries are not specifically included or exempted in the hazardous
waste regulations, these batteries have some characteristics of toxic hazardous wastes. The reason for the uncertainty regarding the toxic characteristics
of lithium batteries is because they can be effectively disposed as non–hazardous waste by discharging them fully. When completely charged or
partially discharged, lithium batteries can be regarded as reactive hazardous waste due to the considerable amounts of un–reacted lithium in the battery
("Product Sheet", 2007). Since lithium battery is a non–hazardous waste as long as it's disposed when fully or mostly charge, the source of lithium as a
hazardous waste is incompletely discharged lithium batteries. Lithium batteries produce this hazardous waste since they contain lithium that becomes
dangerous when incompletely discharged. The batteries can be handled as hazardous wastes depending on their reactivity characteristics and hazardous
waste attributes. The degree of hazard in lithium battery cells is normally based on several factors including the quantity of accumulated cells, the
condition of the cells, storing procedures, transportation, and disposal. As a hazardous waste, lithium reacts with water or air to generate fires and/or
produce explosions. The hazardous waste has a major impact on the quality of water since it reacts violently with water to form

Hazardous Waste
Hazardous waste and its proper disposal have become a major sociological problem today due to its capability of contaminating the area in which we
live and its potential to be lethal to all living things. In order for the United States and the rest of the world to save itself from a potentially life
threatening problem they must fix the causes which lead to the improper disposal of hazardous wastes and like materials. Some reasons that hazardous
waste has become a problem in the United States today is due to the breakdown in enforcing laws for the proper disposal of such wastes, a lack of
initiative on big companies behalf to spend money on proper disposal, and the ease of disposing of such wastes illegally.
The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One reason behind such methods was that before 1976 there were no laws that required corporations to treat or dispose properly the hazardous wastes
that they produced. In the capitalist nation we live in these corporations did not see any incentives to properly disposing of hazardous wastes. This
would take coming up with new processes, building new equipment, and doing a lot of research that would in the end just cost these companies
millions of dollars. Such companies found it much easier to dump these poisonous chemicals in the ground or into waterways, thereby washing their
hands of the problem. Another method was to hire out "midnight–haulers". These people would load up their trucks with hazardous wastes and while
driving let it leak out onto the ground.
Another driving force behind the improper disposal of hazardous waste was the Mafia. "Organized crime controlled the solid waste disposal industry
through the major trade associations, the relevant Teamster locals, and the connivance of political cronies"(Block, 1985, p.102). The Mafia has the
ability to buy public officials with ease. This and their scare tactics led many EPA officials to do nothing about the illegal activities that took place.
"Imagine an EPA inspector or state regulatory agent trying to deal with firms controlled by the members of the most powerful crime syndicates in the
country"(Block, 1985, p.103).
All of these reasons led up to the illegal dumping of toxic

The Subjugation Of The African American Race
Priscilla Takyi Composition 6' Simon Bolivar The Subjugation of the African American Race: Living in Poverty/ Health Effects In America, it is to no
surprise that a large percentage of the African American race has and still is struggling financially. Many African
–Americans are subjected to live in
poorer areas where sanitation isn't as heavily emphasized compared to more prosperous neighborhoods. Due to this blatant divide there has been many
detrimental effects this has to minority communities. In specifically predominantly black communities the effects are seen heavily. Over the years the
most frequent illnesses affecting African–American's are high blood pressure, obesity, diabetes, stroke, kidney failure and cancer. Racism and classism
are contributing factors to this environmental crisis' because of the where toxic waste is disposed, where pollutive industries are located, and the
financial challenges African–Americans face. Where toxic waste is disposed of is one of the reasons why racism and classism leads to environmental
factors. As referred in an article called "Emelle, Alabama:

Concrete And Hazardous Wastes : An Evaluation Of The...
Table of Content Pages
IIntroduction1
1.1 Background
1.2Concise Statement of the Problem
IIPresentation of the Issues and Relevant to Solid and Hazardous Wastes3
IIIRelevance to Public Health6
IVDiscussion7
4.1Discussion of Applicable Laws
4.2Control Strategies
VConclusion 10
INTRODUCTION
1.1Background
Waste is the residues produced by the activities of human. It is the same product which is been used by man but becomes waste due to its loss of value
(McDougall et al., 2001). Waste, according to their physical state, can be classified into solid, liquid and gaseous waste (LaGrega et al., 2010). EPA
(2001) defined Solid waste as " any garbage, refuse, sludge from ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Environmental pollution can be summarized as any substance or material present in the environment that has the ability to cause damage to human
health or the environment (Briggs, 2003). Solid waste pollution has economical, sociological, environmental (Rahardyan, et al., 2003; Kupchik and
Franz, 2012) and public health effects (Gaby, 1981; Rushton, 2003; Hamer, 2003). The pollution may be caused by lack or inadequate management
and/or inappropriate means of waste disposal (LaGrega et al., 2010).
Nigeria is reported to be the largest nation in West Africa and Africa's most populous country. Bordered by Benin, Cameroon, Chad, Niger and the
Atlantic Ocean, it is located at Latitude 4o to 14o N and longitude of 2o to 15oE, covering a total area of 923,768 square Km (World Atlas, 2014).
With a population of 123.9million, 43% of the people reside in the cities. Lagos is the second fastest–growing city in Africa and the highest populated
city in Nigeria with a total of 5.2 million people (Abiodun, 1997). Due to the urbanization, there has been an influx of people in the city and problems
such as lack of houses, influx of automobile, and environmental problems surfaced (Aina, 1989; Oketola and Osibanjo, 2009). Inappropriate disposal
of waste from households poses one of the biggest problems associated with the high population in Lagos. Poor road access, inappropriate disposal,
lack of proper management of infrastructure, and inadequate management of solid waste have a negative

What Are Hazardous Waste Regulations
Article Summary: This article talks about how the hazardous waste regulations are meant to apply to, not only for industrial and manufacturing
industries but for any non–household facility generating and managing hazardous waste. It talks about how many people tend to overthink schools and
retail stores as places that produce hazardous waste. The article address that some household cleaners, automotive products, and batteries are considered
hazardous waste and have to be disposed of properly and mentions that the EPA has began to focus their attentions on the retail sector. The author
mentions that they have now come up with a cohesive strategy to ensure that retail stores comply with hazardous waste regulations. It builds upon
regulatory efforts

The Hazardous Radioactive Nuclear Waste Stockpiles, Created
The hazardous radioactive nuclear waste stockpiles, created over several decades due to the expansion of nuclear industry in the domains of power
generation, science, industry, military and medical fields, is an intensified global concern today. There are several categories of nuclear waste and the
most unfavorable are the intermediate level and the high level nuclear leftovers because of their radioactivity (International Atomic Energy
Agency(IAEA) 2013, p.9). The majority of this highly radioactive waste is produced in nuclear power generation as spent fuel in nuclear reactors.
According to International Atomic Energy Agency there are 30 countries, operate 449 nuclear reactors for power generations and another 60 nuclear
power plants ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(IAEA 2013, p.).
As a solution to the above problems faced by the countries, the multinational nuclear waste repository concept was emerged where one country (host
country) will implement a deep geological repository and the remaining countries (clients) can sell off their radioactive waste to the host country for
the deep geological bury. South Australian government appointed the Nuclear Fuel Cycle Royal Commission on 15th March 2015, to evaluate the
potentials available for South Australia in the Nuclear Fuel cycle.In May 2016 the commission submitted their report indicating the viability and the
economic benefits, South Australia will gain by hosting an international geological disposal facility for high level and intermediate level waste. The
proposed scheme is an amalgamation of aboveground temporary storage and an underground permanent repository. At year 11of the project, the
customers will deliver nuclear waste in Dry casks and the transferring of this waste to permanent repository will start in year 28, until year 83 the
wastes will be accepted to above ground temporary storage and the closure of underground facility will be in year 120. (Nuclear Fuel

Hazardous Waste And Its Effects On Human Health And...
Hazardous waste can affect human health, harm to the environmental such as pollution and it also created many more issues that are negative
happened. Hazardous chemical is any kinds of chemical which can be harmful to human health, and the enviroment. Those chemical stay in the
environment for a long period of time because it does not easy to break down. Hazardous waste is the chemicals that most of industry dumped their
waste into the environment and it lead to so many other negative problems. There are so many differents indirect ways for people to get exposure to
hazardous waste. Hazardous waste can affect human health, environmental, and social issues. First of all, exposure to hazardous waste can increase
the risk of getting serious health issue such as blood cancer, brain damge, and so much more. The most common reason for people get exposure to
hazardous waste are by air pollution, water, and food. The way that the entire process works will be the industry dumped their wastes into the ocean,
sea which caused the water contaiminated. Besdies that, because the sea or ocean's water got contaminated than it would also affect the air quality.
Furthermore, there are also so many different seafood live in that water, and if people did not know that and eat those foods. After that, the seafood will
transfer those chemical into human body and make us ill. According to the researchers, they concluded: "Benzene can readily enter the body via oral,
dermal and inhalation routes.

Hazardous Waste : Radioactive Materials
Hazardous Wastes can be quite dangerous and harmful to our environment and us if they are not dealt with, treated and disposed of in the correct
manner. The correct procedures must be followed thus ensuring that no laws or guidelines are broken when treating any hazardous wastes. The
following report will investigate the techniques for dealing with "Radioactive Materials" such as Plutonium, Cobalt–60 and uranium hexafluoride, as
well as discussing the advantages and disadvantages of one of the methods used to treat these wastes. Where possible in the report a case study will be
referred to and discussed to provide a clearer understanding on the methods that are applied when it comes to the treating of these hazardous wastes....
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Evidently this means that we would need to isolate or dilute the waste so that any radionuclides that are returned to the biosphere are judged
harmless. This end goal is achieved when all wastes are contained and managed; in some instances they may even need permanent burial. (Ref:
Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC) and the Nuclear Decommissioning Authority (NDA), Radioactive Wastes in the UK: A
Summary of the 2010 Inventory, (February 2011) 2.2 Types/Classes of Radioactive Wastes: Radioactive wastes must be identified correctly, and this
can be quite difficult when there are many types/classes of radioactive wastes. Identification must be accurate when deciding which processes must
be taken to treat and/or dispose of particular wastes. Below is a list of the various types of radioactive wastes; Exempt waste & very low level waste:
Comprises of radioactive materials which are not considered harmful to people or the surrounding environment. Mainly it is comprised of demolished
building (bricks, plaster, metal, concrete etc.) Low–level waste: Low–level waste mainly comes from places such as hospitals and manufacturing, the
nuclear fuel cycle can produce some LLW as well. Some examples are; rags, filters, paper, tools etc. All of these may contain short–term radioactivity.
Intermediate–level waste: ILW

Leg500 Week 7 Assignment 2
Kenia Freeman
Professor Teresa Smallwood
LEG500
August 18, 2013
Organization leaders have a responsibility for upholding the proper standards as they pertain to ethical behaviors in the workplace. Leaders are
constantly faced with making the best decisions possible for their corporations and to increase profits for company stakeholders. Unfortunately, some
stakeholders do not always make the right choices, especially when the wrong one choice is more enticing. My research will determine the stakeholders
invested in PharmaCARE, analyze the ethics of their treatment of the indigenous population and its rank–and–file workers versus the executives, and
determine whether Allen can legally fire a few of his employees. Also, determine... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to the at–will doctrine, "all employee relationships are presumed to be "at–will" in all U.S. states except Montana (National Conference of
State Legislatures)." This means an employee can be terminated by their employer for no reason or for any reason without incurring any legal liability,
unless it is an illegal reason, and as it seems any accusations Allen tries to use to terminate his employees would not be upheld by the law.
Per the Occupational Safety & Health Act of 1970 (OSHA):
"Everyone has the right to a safe workplace. The law requires employers to provide their employees with working conditions that are free of
known dangers. Employers MUST provide their employees with a workplace that does not have serious hazards and follow all relevant OSHA
safety and health standards. You cannot be transferred, denied a raise, have your hours reduced, be fired, or punished in any other way because you
used any right given to you under the OSHA Act." As for Ayesha, a tech who filed an EEOC complaint for not receiving a promotion allegedly
because she is Muslim, whereas Allen in reality did not feel she possessed the necessary skills to be a supervisor.
According to the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission:
"If you believe that you have been discriminated against at work because of your race, color, religion, sex (including pregnancy), national origin, age
(40 or

Toxic Waste And Hazardous Waste
In the world that we live in today, it is unfortunate that we hear about people being exposed to hazardous waste and think nothing of it. When any
person is exposed to hazardous waste it is a serious situation and it should not be ignored. Any type of contact with the waste could also expose many
people to life threating health problems. In this paper I will discuss what hazardous waste is defined as, those who have been effected by it and the
health problems that will come with being exposed to hazardous waste.
Exposure to hazardous waste is dangerous because it may lead to severe health problems. Health problems that are related to expose of hazardous
waste are birth defects, reproductive issues, respiratory conditions, heart diseases and most times cancer. There are many different types of hazardous
waste and in some cases it can be wastewater from factories that gets into the water supply and food supple or even waste created by nuclear power
plants, which by far creates the most dangers types of hazardous wastes.
Hazardous waste could be defined as "any industrial by–product, especially from the manufacture of chemicals that is destructive to the environment or
dangerous to the health of people or animals." (Dictionary.com, n.d) Similarly, according to the Environmental Protection Agency, "hazardous waste is
waste that is dangerous or potentially harmful to our health or the environment. Hazardous wastes can be liquids, solids, gases, or sludges. They can be

The Work Of The Workplace
against PharmaCARE, it would be wise for Allen to convince his boss to take care of the mold
problem in the facility it would save the company money in the long run. Terminating Tom
would also bring litigations against PharmaCARE, Tom could allege that he was wrongfully
discharged, because he complained about his unsafe working conditions and threaten to inform
OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Commission). Under the Wrongful Discharge from
Employment Act one cannot be terminated for reporting a violation of public policy or not for
good cause once a probationary period is completed. Tom was Allen's best supervisor,
terminating him would be illegal. Allen needs to persuade his boss to remedy the mold problem
at the facility, he needs to explain to him that it is in the best interest of the company. Lastly
Allen could legally fire Ayesha, not because of her filing a complaint with EEOC (Equal
Employment Opportunities Commission) but for not being able to substantiate the claim. Under
the Employment–at– Will Act he can terminate her unless some type of contractual terms are
stated or implied in the employer's handbook.
Allen's managerial status puts him in a unique position, he has direct contact with the

executives and daily interactions with the lower level EE. Allen is faced with legal and ethical
issues, Allen has been told to allow workers to remain in a hazardous work environment. The air
quality of the workplace is dangerous to the

Hazardous Waste
Hazardous waste
US–EPA defines hazard waste as waste that is dangerous or probably harmful to our health or the surroundings. Unsafe wastes are liquids, solids,
gases, or sludges. They can be discarded industrial merchandise, like cleanup fluids or pesticides, or the by–products of producing processes.
It is declared that for a fabric to be thought–about as unsafe waste, initially it should be classified as a solid waste (40 CFR В§261.2). Environmental
Protection Agency defines solid waste as garbage, refuse, sludge, or different discarded material (including solids, semisolids, liquids, and contained
vaporized materials). If a waste is taken into account as solid waste, it should then be determined if it is unsafe waste (В§262.11). Wastes... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The characteristic of ignitability is found at forty CFR В§261.21.
Corrosivity – Corrosive wastes area unit are acids or bases (pH but or adequate to a pair of or bigger than or adequate to twelve.5) that are capable
of corrosion metal containers, like storage tanks or barrels. The attributes of corrosivity is found at 40 CFR В§261.22. A waste is also corrosive if it
is a liquid and it corrodes steel at a rate of over 0.25 inches annually underneath conditions laid out in U.S. Environmental Protection Agency check
technique 1110. Corrosive wastes area unit selected as U.S. Environmental Protection Agency unsafe Waste Code D002. Samples of corrosive wastes
embrace spent vitriol and targeted waste hydroxide solutions that haven't been neutralized.
Reactivity – A waste exhibits reactivity if it's unstable and explodes or produces fumes, gases, and vapors once mixed with water or underneath
different conditions like heat or pressure. A waste conjointly could also be outlined as reactive if it's a taboo explosive or a category A or category B
explosive as outlined in 49 CFR half 173. Wastes that exhibit the characteristic of reactivity area unit classified as U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency unsafe Waste Code D003. Samples of reactive wastes embrace sure cyanide or sulfide–bearing wastes. Reactive wastes area unit are unstable
underneath "normal" conditions. They may cause explosions, cytotoxic fumes, gases, or vapors once

Superfund Case Study
A Superfund is a program that was created in 1980, that oversees the management and cleanup of abandoned Hazardous waste sites. Hazardous
materials at the given locations consist of gases, explosives, flammable liquids, mineral deposits and numerous others but are not limited to only such
hazardous wastes. Once an abandoned location is determined to contain forms of hazardous materials by individuals (citizens, state levels, or the
Environmental Protection Agency) can locate the sites. The Environmental Protection Agency then can assign programs such as the Superfunds to the
complicated process of cleaning up the waste materials. The EPA also determines the necessary funding and remedies required to obtain a reclaimed
property of land for the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Despite the ongoing issues about Superfunds being an effective means of proper regulations, Superfunds allow the usage of the land that once was
contaminated. By allowing the Superfund some flexibility, the superfund should be monitored on some sort of level to follow through with the process
of the cleanup. Limiting (and monitoring) the flexible contaminated levels prevents the land from becoming overly contaminated (harming humans and
the environment) and suggests that the cleanup show improvements. By limiting the flexible requirements, it prevents the unwanted actions of the
Superfund causing more damage then there was previously. For example; situations such as the Love Canal located in Niagara Falls, New York the
Superfund stated the following: "Complaints about odors and residues were first reported at the site during the 1960's, and increased in the 1970's as
the water level rose, bringing contaminated ground water to the surface" (EPA, 2012). The Superfund should also have limited regulations which
monitor the amount of hazardous wastes that is allowed in the site. In some regards, the Superfund should show proper representation of the hazardous
wastes increasingly residing. Without this type of representation (or exceeding the limits within) the cleanup process should be put to a halt and find

Environmental Externalities In The Canadian Government
The Canadian government ought to take a tougher stand against business enterprises who are causing negative environmental externalities by levying
taxes, intensifying standards and introducing new environmental programs. Canada wants to be a world leader in climate change and now is the time
to act and set the standard. Revenues generated through taxes will be rolled into environmental programs and businesses will be forced to innovate to
find new ways of doing business.
Canada has deployed policy options in the past to deal with issues like global warming, hazardous waste, and air and water pollution, albeit they were
after the issues became critical. The government needs to take a stronger role and be a world leader in climate change, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
It forces the business to make the decision on how to proceed, and they are faced with consequences if they continue. 2
Canada currently makes limited use of environmental taxes, in an OECD ranking of environmentally related taxes as a share of GDP, Canada ranks
between Rwanda and Tunisia, and India. The OECD average was 1.56%, Canada came in at 1.15%, the leading country was Denmark at 4.11%. This
shows that Canada has fallen behind others in environmental taxation and that changes need to be made.
However, taxes alone will not be able to solve the issue by itself, a multi–pronged approach is necessary. Taxes are one piece of the puzzle; quality and
quantity standards combined with the taxes will force the business to make tough decisions and force them to innovate and consider clean technology
options. Cap and trade systems may also be used with taxes, allowing business to emit a certain amount and make market decisions to purchase and
emit more; and taxing them on certain levels. 1
The next negative externality to address is the location of hazardous waste sites and the options to deal with them. The location of hazardous facilities
is a hot–button issue for many communities; evidence has emerged that communities close to toxic waste landfills suffered serious negative
consequences. 1 The problem with these facilities is they have to go somewhere, so they key is to locate them where there will have the least impact
on people

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