The Role Of Investigative Workshop On My Adjacent Sides Essay

The Role Of Investigative Workshop On My Adjacent Sides Essay
Investigative Workshop Theatre
Workshop 1:
The workshop started by introducing about myself and students on my adjacent sides [left and
right]. The arrangement of the seating was different from normal lecture which was circular so that a
single student can see all in the circle group. This arrangement looked professional and developed
enthusiasm.
Certain small activities were put forth between pairs of students which in turn made us to learn and
understand the skills that we need to possess as managers and students.
Students were grouped into three consisting five to seven students, called Community of Practice.
Each group was given an organization setting to make with dumpty manager and irresponsible staff.
This setting of each group was observed and made us learn the worst managerial methods.
The main aim of workshop 1 was to understand what is reflective learning and how to use it in both
personal and professional development. I felt that being reflective is very important in management
as it helps in analyzing the situation and decision making.
Workshop 2:
We were given the task in the previous workshop based on organization setting we made and the
task was to make a contract. The contract objective was 'how to behave with each other and
together' in organization.
It is important to have an agreement between employees in the organization for better understanding
and teamwork. From the previous workshop's organization setting observation, I understood how to
not
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Using an Anonymous Current Client or One You Have Worked...
"Using an anonymous current client or one you have worked with in the past, apply the methods
discussed in this module to their case and discuss what you think could have been achieved."
In this essay I will utilise the case of M.E. to explore the possible theoretical achievements the
implementation of Transactional Analysis (T.A.) and Gestalt approaches might have facilitated.
Focusing on each therapeutic approach in turn, an analysis of the issues of M.E.'s case will be
explored in terms of application of the two approaches and the possible resultant outcome. The case
of M.E. comprised that of a 56 year old female who living with her husband. The legacy of her
childhood and subsequent challenging adult experiences, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
places emphasis on human's capacity to rise above habit patterns and to select new goals and
behaviour in turn. Its inherent goal is to enable clients to make new decisions about their present
behaviour and the direction of their lives. Alternate routes to previously held ways of living,
incorporating a self–defeating life–script can be replaced with a life–script where the client plays
and active role; with the goals of autonomy, spontaneity and being fully present in one's life and
decisions being at the fore. Developed by Eric Berne in the late 1950's, one of the key elements
intrinsic within T.A. is the 'Ego States'. Comprising the Parent, Adult and Child ego states, they can
assist in explaining how humans are made up and how they relate to others. They incorporate the
ways we think, feel and behave. The Parent Ego state consists of behaviours, thoughts and feelings
copied from parents of parental figures. The Adult Ego state comprises behaviours, thoughts and
feelings in direct response to the present, whereas those of the Child Ego state are replayed from
childhood. While all individuals will alternate between these ego states, T.A. seeks to primarily
assist the client to consciously become aware of the ego state they are operating from at any given
time. The behaviour and roles adopted in relationships and interactions can, in the absence

Analysis Psychotherapy: Application Of Transactional Analysis
INTRODUCTION Transactional Analysis Psychotherapy: Application of Transactional Analysis
Transactional Analysis (TA) was founded by Eric Berne, M.D., in the 1950s. It is a theory of
personality and relationships based on the study of specific ego states, a theory of social interaction
or interpersonal communication and a system of group and/or individual psychotherapy used as a
tool for personal growth and personal change. (Lapworth & Charlotte, 2011, p. 1) TA, in
psychotherapy applications, attempts to understand the client's past, explore his life script, analyse
his ego states and most importantly to generate self awareness, which is foundation for changing
dysfunctional behaviours. There are three central philosophical beliefs of ... Show more content on
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The most potent internal events were feelings. These feelings frequently replay in the present when
we are put in a situation similar to that of the little person, when we are cornered, dependent,
unfairly accused, clumsy, uninformed. (Harris & Harris, 1985, p. 16) Harris and Harris also states
this: "The Child includes our instincts and biological urges, genetic recordings, our physical selves,
curiosity, and intuition. It contains joy as well as sadness" (p. 17). The Parent (P) is a "recording of
what the little person saw mother and father (or parent substitutes) do during a period we have
designated as the first five years of life". Parents are "the most powerful people whom we depended
on for everything", "they were ok, no matter what", we "assumed about what they said and did" and
it is "unerasable". (Harris & Harris,1985, p. 15) The Adult (A) thinks, reasons and consider
consequences. It is the functional part of the personality that is thoughtful, rational and is in the here
and now. (Harris & Harris, 1985, p. 17–18) Structural

Explain the Key Features of Two Therapeutic Models (Cbt...
Explain the key features of two therapeutic models (CBT AND TA) Cognitive Behavioural Therapy
(also known by its abbreviation CBT) was primarily developed through an integration of behavior
therapy (first popularized by Edward Thorndike) with cognitive therapy (developed by Aaron Beck
and Albert Ellis). The first discrete, intentionally therapeutic approach to CBT to be developed was
Rational Emotive Therapy (RET), which was originated by Albert Ellis, Ph.D. in the mid–1950's.
Ellis developed his approach in reaction to his disliking of the in–efficient and in–directive nature of
Psychoanalysis. The philosophic origins of RET go back to the Stoic philosophers, including
Epictetus and Marcus Aurelius. While rooted in rather different ... Show more content on
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TA is a social psychoanalysis and a method to improve communication. Berne wanted a theory
which could be understood and available to everyone and began to develop what came to be called
(TA). The theory outlines how we have developed and treat ourselves, how we relate and
communicate with others, and offers suggestions and interventions which will enable us to change
and grow. Transactional Analysis is underpinned by the philosophy that: people can change we all
have a right to be in the world and be accepted Initially criticised by some as a simplistic model,
Transactional Analysis is now gathering worldwide attention. It originally suffered much from the
popularised writings in the 1960s. Also, summarised explanations, such as this, which can only
touch on some of the concepts in Transactional Analysis, led their readers to believe that there was
very little to it. Many did not appreciate the duration and complexity of the training. Transactional
Analysis first order structural model Berne devised the concept of three ego states to help explain
how we are made up, and how we relate to others. These are drawn as three stacked circles and they
are one of the building blocks of Transactional Analysis. They categorise the ways we think, feel
and behave and are called Parent, Adult, and Child. Each ego state is given a capital letter to denote
the difference between actual parents, adults and

Vivian Espenida ': Defining Transactional Analysis,...
Defining Transactional Analysis By Vivian Espenida Keywords: Transaction Analysis,
Communication. Transactions. When two people communicate, each exchange is a transaction. We
deal different kinds of people towards our work, doings, activities at work All the things we do we
connect through communications. In studying the Transactional Analysis we can understand the
Theories of Eric Berne, this we are able to understand the states of ego of Humans which are
compost of three parts. The Id, Ego, and Superego. The Id is part of the emotional mind, the Ego
part of the rational mind, and the Superego is an expression of values "transaction" is any sort of
social interaction, such as verbal communication, eye contact, or touch humans communicate ...
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Pay attention to tone of voice, body posture, gestures, choice of words, and emotional state. If the
tone of voice is soft and soothing, this is a sign that the speaker is using a Nurturing Parent ego
state. If, on the other hand, the tone is harsh and critical or threatening, then the speaker is probably
using a Critical Parent ego state. An even and clear tone of voice usually comes from an Adult ego
state, while an especially cheerful or emotion–laden tone of voice is likely to be coming from the
Free Child. The Adapted Child may sound either whiney or like a good girl (or boy) saying just
what is expected of her or him. (Transactional Analysis in Psychotherapy.,

Spiral Of Wants Analysis
Spiral of Wantings From a Neuroscience perspective, I learned how neuroscientists have identified
different pleasure centers in the brain relating to wanting or craving and another area relating to
feelings of deeper satisfaction. Drs. Wright wrote about the brain's pleasure centers: "Dopamine is
released in our brain when we anticipate and indulge our wants or cravings, while opioids are
released when we meet deeper needs." I was beginning to understand how my short–term
indulgences such as chocolate provided dopamine satisfaction, which is not lasting. Yet when I meet
deeper yearnings, such as connecting with a friend and feeling felt, opioids are released. As I
learned about the "spiral of wantings," I began to see how I was mistaking my dopamine induced
feelings for gratifying satisfaction. I became more aware of my Yearnings to feel comfort from my
own anxiety and sadness. This is when I quit drinking alcohol on a regular basis. . The buzz was
temporary and it was an illusion of happiness. I began realizing how my escape with alcohol was a
"mis–want" and it was having negative effects on my ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As I learned more about how Harris viewed verbal and non–verbal transactions between people and
the three states, the Parent, the Adult and the Child, I became more conscious of who I was in the
moment and discovered I had a choice of who I wanted to be in the moment. Harris describes the
mental state of the 'Parent' as a collection of "tape recordings" representing what a child perceived
adults doing and saying. The recording comprises a long list of rules and admonitions that the child
was expected to believe unquestioningly. My parent recordings often reflected what I should or
should not be doing such as: I should be nice and happy, I should be agreeable, I should do what I
am

The Philosophy Of Transactional Leadership
The Philosophy of Transactional Leadership
According to Avolio, Bass, and Jung, (1999) transactional leaders motivate to perform by using
positive or negative feedback. Employees work is determined by the reward or punishment that the
leader prescribes to achieve mission accomplishment. The leader's effectiveness is determined by
task completion. Breevaart, Bakker, Hetland, Demerouti, Olsen, and Espevik, (2014) suggest that
the transactional leader is involved in sustaining operational flow. Zhu, Sosik, Riggio, and Yang,
(2012) argue that the transactional leader uses the exchange of rewards to increase performance and
is not concerned with strategic planning, as much as daily operations. Bass and Riggio, (2006)
contend that the transactional leader depends on a contingent reward for production. In this
philosophy, a follower may be satisfied with the reward and will display loyalty and remain
committed to accomplish a task. This commitment will remain as long as the reward stimulates the
follower. The transactional leader is concerned with operations and maintains incentives while the
task is getting completed. According to Breevaart, Bakker, Hetland, Demerouti, Olsen, and Espevik,
(2014) the transactional leader will use a host of incentives to maintain the motivation of the
followers. The incentives will remain as long as the task is complete to the satisfaction of the leader
and the goal is reached.
Impact of Transactional Leadership on an Organization Bass,and

Transactional Analysis
Transactional Analysis Dr. Eric Berne, the originator of Transactional Analysis, has explained
transaction is a unit of social intercourse. According to him, if two or more people encounter each
other...sooner or later one of them will speak, or give some other indication of acknowledging the
presence of the others. This is called transactional stimulus. Another person will then say or do
something which is in some way related to stimulus, and that is called transactional response. What
is transactional Analysis? Transactional Analysis is the method of examining this one transaction
wherein "I do something to you and you do something back" and determining which part of the
multiple–natured individual is being activated. It is an ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example, if a wife who is grieving her lost friend is comforted by a sympathetic husband, her
momentary dependency is answered appropriately. [pic] Crossed Transactions: When two people
stand glaring at each other, turn their backs on each other, are unwilling to continue transacting, or
are puzzled by what has just occurred between them, it 's likely that they have just experienced a
crossed transaction. A crossed transaction occurs when an unexpected response is made to the
stimulus. An inappropriate ego state is activated, and the lines of communication between people are
crossed. At this point people tend to withdraw... turn away from each other... or switch the
conversation in another direction. If a husband responds from his Child unsympathetically to his
grieving wife..."Well, how do you think I feel?"... he is likely to cause her to turn away from him.
Crossed transactions are a frequent source of pain between people – parents and children, husband
and wife, boss and employee, teacher and student, and so forth. The person who initiates the
transaction, expecting a certain response, doesn 't get it – The individual is "crossed up" and often
feels discounted and misunderstood. [pic] Ulterior Transactions: Ulterior transactions are the most
complex...They differ from complementary and crossed transactions in that

Transactional analysis Eric Berne 's Transactional Analysis – early TA history and theory
Transactional Analysis is one of the most accessible theories of modern psychology. Transactional
Analysis was founded by Eric Berne, and the famous 'parent adult child ' theory is still being
developed today. Transactional Analysis has wide applications in clinical, therapeutic,
organizational and personal development, encompassing communications, management, personality,
relationships and behaviour. Whether you 're in business, a parent, a social worker or interested in
personal development, Eric Berne 's Transactional Analysis theories, and those of his followers, will
enrich your dealings with people, and your understanding of yourself. This ... Show more content on
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Our parent is formed by external events and influences upon us as we grow through early childhood.
We can change it, but this is easier said than done. Child Our internal reaction and feelings to
external events form the 'Child '. This is the seeing, hearing, feeling, and emotional body of data
within each of us. When anger or despair dominates reason, the Child is in control. Like our Parent
we can change it, but it is no easier. Adult Our 'Adult ' is our ability to think and determine action
for ourselves, based on received data. The adult in us begins to form at around ten months old, and
is the means by which we keep our Parent and Child under control. If we are to change our Parent or
Child we must do so through our adult. In other words: Parent is our 'Taught ' concept of life Adult
is our 'Thought ' concept of life Child is our 'Felt ' concept of life When we communicate we are
doing so from one of our own alter ego states, our Parent, Adult or Child. Our feelings at the time
determine which one we use, and at any time something can trigger a shift from one state to another.
When we respond, we are also doing this from one of the three states, and it is in the analysis of
these stimuli and responses that the essence of Transactional Analysis lies. A wonderful analogy –
'the person who had feelings ' story – explains how experiences and conditioning in early life affect
behaviour in later life.

Transformational Leadership Enhances Employee Motivation
Introduction
It is far too common in potentially successful businesses, that high–ranking executives feel the need
to assert power over their peers. Dictatorship within a business setting often leads to a higher rate of
employee turnover, and has the ability to impede on organizational productivity. Throughout this
paper, I will note several studies that have proven that transformational leadership boosts employee
motivation. Unlike transactional leadership, the transformational leader promotes a basis of mutual
respect among all coworkers, regardless of rank. True leadership means being open to organizational
change in order to foster positivity. By consistently making an effort to improve employee morale, a
true leader quietly nurtures motivation, shifting the hardest working employees in to the best–fit
positions, offering praise and encouragement along the way.
The Transformational Leader
Authoritative figures in organizations large and small have inadvertently been faced with the
decision to choose a leadership style. One method, which proves beneficial to most companies, is
transformational leadership. This leadership style implicates a close, positive relationship between
the leader and the follower. In these types of professional relationships, it is important to note that
the leader sincerely cares for the subordinate's best interest (Men, 2010.) It has been proven that the
transformational leader prevails by consistently inspiring and motivating peers, fostering

Max Weber And The Transactional Leadership
The transactional leadership was firstly talked and elaborated in 1947 by Max Weber and described
more in 1981 by Bernard M. Bass. It is a style of leadership that leaders provides their subordinates
with rewards or punishments. It can be called management theories. This style mainly encourages
and directs subordinates or followers by providing incentives. The power of this leadership derives
from the control, rules and regulation of companies. Particularly, managers use the transactional
style. (Odumeru & Ifeanyi, 2013)
Focusing on the fundamental management processes of preparing, controlling, and planning for
short period. The significant point of subordinators or followers is to follow the instructions of the
manager or leader. It may ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Passive management: The transactional leader can only intervene if tasks do not meet the criteria or
do not meet expectations. He/she may provide a punishment to the one who performances
incorrectly.
Laissez–faire: the transactional leaders give a lot of chances followers for decisions making. So,
leaders themselves give up their responsibilities and try to avoid decisions making, then
organizations tend to have unclear direction.
Implications in an organization:
They focus on the short–term goals as well as standard regulation and methods. Also, the followers
are not support to improve their innovation and new ideas. This leadership style can work if the
organization 's issues are normal and clearly explained. When the existing objective is not meet,
these leaders often do not provide benefit or rewards to subordinates.
Characteristic
On the other hand, reducing costs and increasing productivity are done effectively in this style.
Leaders strongly instructive, and their communication with the members is often short–term, not for
long term relationship. So its characteristic is concentrate only on short term objective, not flexible
to new situations, not support in changes or update ideas. Also, it fits with structured rules or
methods, and just do things rightly.
(Transactional Leadership Theory, n.d)
Advantages
Transactional leaders perform great in a structured organization. And the subordinates will get
rewards as incentives for their own

Transactional Analysis In Games And Intimacy
To begin the introduction on games and intimacy it is important to understand the timeline of
Transactional Analysis. To begin with it is vital to note how human behaviour was explained before
Eric Berne suggested his explanations on transactional analysis. One of the important theories to
explain human behaviour before Eric Berne, is the most frequently cited and known work of
Sigmund Freud. Freud's greatest contribution and the one that influenced Berne was the fact that the
human personality is multi–faceted. Regardless of the classification or name given to a particular
area of personality, each individual possesses divisions that frequently collide with each other. These
collisions and interactions between these personality divisions manifest themselves ... Show more
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Before Berne first published his theories on Transactional Analysis, he spent years formulating the
framework of this approach. He first defined a transaction as the fundamental unit of social
intercourse. Berne also defined a stroke – the fundamental unit of social action. ("Transactional
Analysis", 2015) According to Woollams and Brown, 1978 a stroke is a unit of attention which
provides stimulation to an individual. (Spenceley, n.d.) Berne's description of transactions in Games
People Play is the most easily understood: "If two or more people encounter each other... sooner or
later one of them will speak, or give some other indication of acknowledging the presence of the
others. This is called transactional stimulus. Another person will then say or do something which is
in some way related to the stimulus, and that is called the transactional response". (Berne, 1986)
Therefore, Berne challenged the criticisms of the "science" (or lack thereof) behind psychotherapy,
there was no basic unit for study, measurement, and

Transformational And Transactional Leadership :...
Transformational and Transactional leadership
Mark Johnson
American Public University
Dr. Xiaodong Wu
BUSN698
April 30, 2017
Abstract
Proper management of institutions is the key to the success of such a firm. The kind of leadership
being dispensed directly affects the motivation of employees and their productivity. The two most
prominent kinds of leadership are transformational and transactional leadership. This article seeks to
discuss the two kinds of leadership and eventually propose the most efficient kind of management.
Every organization that aspires to be successful must address the value of emotional intelligence in
the work place. How people relate to each other determines if the organization eventually moves
from ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The leader demonstrates to the followers loyalty, trust, respect and admiration, with these the
qualities of the transformational leader, they tend to work harder than originally expected that tends
to have a link between effort and reward. These outcomes occur because the transformational leader
offers followers something more than just working for self–gain; they provide followers with an
inspiring mission and vision and gives them an identity. They believe in the organizational culture
they find and specific methods of performing tasks. Transactional leaders are effective in getting
specific tasks completed by managing each portion individually. According to Maslow's hierarchy
of needs, transactional leaders focus on the lower levels of the hierarchy that is the very basic levels
of need satisfaction. One way that transactional leadership focuses on lower level needs is by
stressing specific task performance (Hargis et al, 2001). They are more concerned with processes
rather than revolutionary ideas hence under their leadership change is least expected. Unlike them,
transformational leaders end up changing existing organizational cultures by implementing new
ideas.
Transformational leaders encourage group work, as they connect each follower's identity and self to
the project and collective identity of the corporation. They are role models for other staff and this
inspires them and makes them

Strindberg's Miss Julie and Beckett's Waiting for Godot...
Strindberg's Miss Julie and Beckett's Waiting for Godot
The motivations and behavior of key characters in Strindberg's Miss Julie and Beckett's Waiting for
Godot will be analyzed according to Eric Berne's method of transactional analysis. Eric Berne deals
with the psychology behind our transactions. Transactional analysis determines which ego state is
implemented by the people interacting. There are three possibilities which are either parent, adult, or
child. The key characters in Waiting for Godot are Vladimir and Estragon. Vladimir is the more
intellectual of the two and Estragon is more emotional. Their ego states are always shifting from
minute to minute. In Miss Julie the key characters are Jean and Miss Julie. Jean shifts his ego ...
A simple complementary transaction would be any transaction where the lines do not cross. It could
be a transaction between psychological equals; these transactions are gossip (parent–parent),
problem solving (adult–adult), or playing (child–child).
If the lines of communication in the transaction are crossed, the communication will cease unless
one of the participants alters their ego state to compliment the ego state implemented by the other
communicant. If the responses of the people interacting continue to cross they will no longer be
communicating but instead there will be fruitless arguing. An example is "I can't find my shoes do
you know where they are?" response "why don't you keep track of your things, you would lose your
head if it wasn't attached". The question was an adult one but the response was parent to child so the
lines are crossed. There was no positive that came out of the transaction and the conversation cannot
be sustained.
Ulterior transactions are more complex and more than one ego stat is involved at one time by a
participant. An ulterior transaction can be used to take advantage of a vulnerable ego state in
someone else. An example is a car salesman sees a middle aged family man that appears to be
having some sort of a midlife crisis. The car salesman shows him an expensive sports car and says "
young people love these flashy cars, but you look like more of a Lincon town car type". The middle
aged man then turns around and buys

A Report On The Xyz Wing Safety Office
The XYZ Wing Safety Office has numerous problems that need to be corrected: The highest–
ranking member of the shop is seldom around and has mentally "checked out"; one member has
missed four medical appointments and needs to be challenged at work; the civilian is experienced,
yet inefficient and lacks motivation to be proactive. All of these individual problems have
culminated in an inability of the Wing Safety Office to reduce the number of off–base traffic
incidents involving military members and their families. These problems are not insurmountable,
however, and can be fixed using several Full Range Leadership Method principles, including
transactional leadership (both active management by exception and contingent reward), individual
consideration, and intellectual stimulation.
The first method of leadership needed is active management by exception (MBE–A). Standards and
accountability have been lacking under the previous leadership. MSgt Newscomb has shown several
faults in his work ethic, as well as organizational skills. Additionally, he is frequently absent and
unaccounted for. SSgt Green has missed four medical appointments. Neither has been held to
standards (that may or may not have been made clear) nor held sufficiently accountable for his or
her actions. As Arenas, Connelly, and Williams state, MBE–A requires rules and performance
expectations (16). Hence, the first action taken by a leader when joining an organization should be
to set clear standards that he or

Examples Of Transactional Analysis
Transactional Analysis is a theory in psychology developed by Dr. Eric Berne. It is a method for
studying relationships and interactions between individuals, considering that people have multi–
faceted personalities. It also examines how a person interacts towards other people based on the
notion that an individual's personality can change over time. Transaction is the fundamental unit of
social intercourse, which is the basic element of this study. According to Berne, if two or more
people come across each other, one of them will speak or acknowledge the presence of the others.
Another person will then respond in a way related to what the other has said (Berne, 2015). The
transactions between people can be affected by ego states. An ego ... Show more content on
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Primarily, Life Position refers to the general attitude about life a person has that affects every
transaction. Life Positions are basic beliefs about one's self and other people which are used to
justify our decisions and behaviours (Mountain Associates, 2013). There are four Life Positions
namely, Friendly Weakness, Hostile Weakness, Friendly Strength and Hostile Strength. The first
type of life position is the Friendly Weakness or "I'm not OK, you're OK". This type of life position
is characterized by feeling helpless as compared to other people. A person in this life position feels
depressed and inferior to other people (Newton, 2015). He/she may accept criticisms and negative
strokes from others readily. Another type of life position is called the Hostile Weakness or "I'm not
OK, you're not OK". An individual exhibiting this life position feels desperate, useless, and
frustrated. He/she may lose interest and hope in life. This attribute is often showed by people who
are overly depressed and unable to cope with the real world (Newton,

Transactional Leadership Theory Analysis
The Transactional Leadership Theory most closely represents my personal leadership style. The
above listed strengths support this connection.
My first leadership strength is my commitment / loyalty to the organization I work for. I have
worked at Harbor Montessori School (HMS) for 10 years during which I have served in various
roles in order to stay connected to the HMS community. I have served as an Upper
Elementary teacher, P.E. teacher, art teacher, in–house substitute, Middle School teacher, child care
director, and currently as the Director of Admissions & Summer Programming (DOSAP).
As a leader, I go above and beyond to support the staff and families of HMS often working late,
filling in for sick teachers, and personally donating time

Transactional Leadership In Health Care
In a health care setting, the transactional leadership commonly used to continue a pleasant
relationship among the managers and the subordinates while keeping promises of rewards for
performance. The expectations of performance and the resulting rewards remain clearly identified
and delivered upon completion of the agreement. The employees are rewarded with values
according to the accomplishment of the performance of the employee to the mission and objectives
of the program. The effectiveness of the transactional allows the managers to facilitate employee
performance, helping the employees plan and coordinate the assigned task and learn new skills.
The transformational leadership is motivated to the organizational changes, innovation, and

Transactional Analysis : ' I 'm Ok, You 're Ok By Thomas...
TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS Definition: At its simplest level, Transactional Analysis is the
method for studying interactions between individuals. Transactional Analysis is a theory which
outlines how we have developed and treat ourselves, how we relate and communicate with others,
and offers suggestions and interventions which will enable us to change and grow. Your personal
and social identity is influenced by the the three stages of a person; parent, adult (neutral) and child.
Background: Transactional Analysis was founded by Eric Berne and made famous through the book
"I'm OK, You're OK" by Thomas Anthony Harris. As a practicing psychiatrist in Carmel, California
in the early 1950s, Berne treated hundreds of patients. During the course ... Show more content on
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He used the word "tapes" for messages and believed that the "tapes" recorded in early childhood
were the most influential. Parental and social expectations are logged into the brain as the person
perceives them. The messages are sometimes verbal, sometimes experiential and sometimes only
assumed. Functionally, the Parent ego state is subdivided into the Critical Parent and the Nurturing
Parent. Nurturing Parent represents more affirming and more pleasant qualities of what parents and
society do for a person. Critical Parent behaviours generally represent the corrective behaviours of
real parents and the prohibitive messages of society. These hidden and overt recorded playbacks are
embodied by phrases and attitudes. Behaviours of the critical parent include: Physical – angry or
impatient body–language and expressions, finger pointing, patronising gestures Verbal – always,
never, for, for once and for all, judgmental words, critical words, patronising language, posturing
language. Evidence The evidence suggests that once an individual have lived with this person for a
while, especially when they hold more power, the individual automatically reproduces certain things
that were said to them, or treat others as we might have been treated. This unconscious adoption of
the ideas or attitudes of others is called introjecting. My own experience supports this, for example I
often notice that I am saying things just as my father,

 Critically Evaluate Core Transactional Analysis (T.a)...
Assignment: * Critically evaluate core Transactional Analysis (T.A) concepts and practice * Assess
personal and professional learning from this module. The first part of this essay starts by outlining
the key concepts of T.A.; its assumptions, theory of personality and ego–states, transactions, strokes,
games and the Karpman Drama Triangle, life scripts and existential life positions. It then goes onto
critically evaluate core T.A. concepts and practice from the perspective of Humanistic, Cultural,
Integrative and Behavioural approaches. T.A. is a Humanistic psychotherapeutic approach
formulated in the 1950s by Canadian psychiatrist Eric Berne who initially trained as a Freudian
analyst. T.A. can be defined as 'a systematic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The covert, ulterior quality of this interaction is what T.A. terms a con. Stephen Karpman who
devised the Karpman Drama Triangle proposes; 'whenever people play games, they are stepping
into one of three scripty roles: Persecutor, Rescuer or Victim'. (Stewart & Joines 1987:236) In the
above game, the instigator starts off as the victim needing to be rescued by the advice giver but once
the advice giver realises whatever advice they offer is not accepted there is then a switch and they
become the victim and the instigator becomes the persecutor. At some point in every game there is
always a switch in roles. In T.A. theory games always have a payoff, and are played to re–enforce
the player's life script. In the 'yes but' game the payoff for the instigator is the re–assurance he is
right in his belief about others that no–one can help him and re–enforces his intrinsic belief about
himself, that he is helpless. In T.A. the life–script is an important concept as all transactions, games,
ego–states and the concepts they encompass relate to the re–enforcement of an individual's life
script. Berne defined life–script as; 'a life plan made in childhood, reinforced by the parents,
justified by subsequence events, and culminating in a chosen alternative'. (Berne 1972:446)
Woollams (1977) believes the child decides upon a life script as

Transactional Analysis In Games People Play By Eric Berne
In the book games people play written by Eric Berne. He began by noting the researches that if an
infant is deprived of physical handling it can lead to irrevocable physical and mental. He even states
another researches which suggests that temporary psychosis can be caused due to sensory
deprivation in adults. Just like children even adults need physical contact but every time it's not
available.
Stroke is defined as the fundamental unit of social action. An exchange of strokes is a transaction,
hence his creation of the phrase Transactional Analysis (TA) to describe the dynamics of social
interaction.
Why do we play Games?
According to Eric Berne "A game is played because it involves some kind of hidden desire or
motivation". Many people ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Gimmick, response, switch, cross up, pay–off) Hidden agenda, covert message, discount, Gimmick–
vulnerability or vulnerable soft spot, Response– series of complimentary ulterior transactions,
Switch– switching the ego status or positions in the drama, cross up– moment of surprise or
confusion, pay off– familiar unpleasant though, feeling and bodily response.
From drama triangle to intimacy triangle
(P+) Personal power (P–) (R–) Reach out (R+)
(V–) Vulnerability (V+)
P+ Personal power refers to the ability to be assertive and set from healthy boundaries
R+ reach out refers to the ability to be empathic and reach out to others in healthy way
V+ vulnerability refers to ability to be open and trusting with other healthy people.
There are many games that people are tend to play like If it weren't for you is the common game
played by the spouses in this one partner puts the blame on other that he/she is acting as obstacle
and not allowing me to do a particular thing. Berne in his book revealed that what we put on others
that he or she is not allowing me to do is just a refection of issues that are within

Analysis Of Allan Kaprow's Work
The artist Allan Kaprow reconstructed the meaning of art when he began to make art that became
the antithesis of the typical paint on canvas or sculptural form and began creating environments and
performances which enacted the artist's, as well as audience participation. Kaprow's work from the
1970s, what he referred to as Activities, further analyzed and assessed social relations and their
relationship to everyday social interactions. His previous artworks in the 1960s were also dedicated
to social interactions, however, the performances relied on a large group of artists and participants.
In the 1970s Kaprow began isolating his scripts from the audience, aiming for more interpersonal
events. By eliminating the audience, Kaprow's work ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The common thread throughout Kaprow's work looks at human behavior, an attribute which has a
long definitive history among human beings. Aside from our individualized daily routines, such as
brushing our teeth, combing our hair, getting dressed, and so forth, our behavior has been molded
into unconscious activities and events which have become otherwise taken for granted. Kaprow's
Activities are performance structures, utilizing the direct life–experience from small groups of
untrained participants who follow the artist's script in a nontheatrical/non–art context. Kaprow
implicitly suggests that human beings behaviors are innate and learned. Even though the participants
are unfamiliar with the activity, they are capable of following a simple script in order to successfully
demonstrate a performance. As Adam Smith asserts in the preface of his book, The Theory of Moral
Sentiments, when we observe the behavior of people, we do not simply experience events, we
ascribe actions to agents; we pin some change in the environment on a person as an action and we
do so because we think we see the person's point in making the change. Smith encapsulates the
ideology behind Kaprow's interpersonal Activities, which is that we judge, critique, discriminate and
value people based on what we (emphasis mine) individually and

Characteristics Of Adrian Gore
In the following essay one talks/writes about three forms of leadership, namely: Transformational
from of leadership where the leader maintains a mutual relationship between him/her and the
followers thereof, Charismatic leadership, which gathers followers through the leader's dint of
personality and charm, and Transactional form of leadership which co–ordinates procedures of
working together. (Robbins, S.P. (2007) Organisational Behaviour (SA Ed): Global and South
African perspective). "A leader is a person who influences a group of people towards the
achievement of a goal, having empowered the very same to reach their full potential in benefiting
both sides." ()
The discussion of the above is in relation to the character of Adrian Gore as a leader.
Adrian Gore, born 16 May 1964, is the CEO and founder of Discovery Ltd, which he launched in
the country in 1992 with a core purpose of helping people to get healthier and safer in helping to
avoid future ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These leaders are prominent for two factors, namely contingent reward and management by
exception. Contingent reward is in two ways; being either a reward or punishment. The leader
informs its subordinates what is required of them to do and in what manner it should be done, then
presents to their subordinates what the contingent reward is for a job well done or what the
punishment is for the opposite.
Management by exception is a strict structured way of leading as these are the kind of leaders which
focus on the role of supervision, organization and group performance. Such leaders make the
primary objective of the followers to be obeying the instruction if not the commands. Such leaders
trust their followers to do a good job if not they intervene so to make sure that what is required is
correctly

Transactional Analysis: Bellwether's Leadership Style
King Julien, Bellwether, and Bruce were some of the lower scoring leaders when it came to the trait
approach analysis. Transactional Analysis may be another way to measure success in leadership as
is trait approach. Animal leaders that tend to shift back and forth between ego states tend to have
poor leadership outcomes. If we look again at Dory, Judy, and Skipper we don't see very many or
very dramatic shifts out their adult rational ego state. The traits that correlate with the shifting
between ego states are emotional stability, openess, consciousness, and critical thinking. Emotional
stability is probably the most significant out of the bunch. When a person is stressed and begins to
teeter on his or her threshold of emotional stability ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The leader that then veered in the other direction, or towards femininity is Assistant Mayor
Bellwether. Prior to Bellwether snapping, she was a strong advocate for the equal and or equitable
rights between carnivores and herbivores. Whenever Lionheart seemed to show his lack of care for
the herbivores Bellwether would console and provide support for that group. In fact, as Judy was
constantly looked down upon, Bellwether is the only leader that consistently encouraged and pushed
her to rise among the ranks of the police department. This act of high humane orientation was very
transformational for Judy. Bellwether's shifted over to the masculinity end of the dimension by the
end of the movie. A consequence of this shift is that Bellwether also changes her leadership style
from transformational to a fake transformational leadership. In the end, Judy eventually saw through
her façade of a transformational leader and was empowered enough to stand up to Bellwether.
Bellwether's high femininity likely caused her to reach her threshold of disrespect from Lionheart. If
she was more intolerant of his rudeness she may not have snapped. That may explain her dramatic
shift to the masculinity end of this dimension. Judy is ironically is the balanced candidate of all the
leaders. Judy has regard a high regard for gender and race egalitarianism but is

Transactional Leadership Style Analysis
After reading the required text I realized I have a lot of traits similar to a transactional leader. Under
this leadership I lean more towards a constructive leader than a corrective leader. With the stated
facts would mean that I would fall under contingent reward leadership style. I try to be a leader who
empowers rather than micromanages. I also believe that members should own a portion of the goal
so they are aware of the value of their contribution. My goal is to equip others with the knowledge
to confidently complete their job. I also understand that being one type of leader doesn't mean that
you can't cross into other types of leadership styles. My style is setting a goal and expressing my
expectations. If the goal isn't met I try to

Examples Of Transactional Analysis Model
Using the T.A. Model for change illustrate the benefits of being aware of "Transactions" in
relationship and in the working environment.
By my new discovery in psychoanalysis of a person called "Transactional Analysis", provided by
institution, I had a great opportunity to analyze myself and my personal character. I now know that
all people are divided in several internal models that can change the relationships between all people
we interact with. Dr. Eric Berne is a person who found the most common definition of the
Transactional Analysis. To find it easy to understand, we can define the Transactional Analysis as
the method for studying interactions between individuals.
The basic model that transactional analysis has is called 'ego states'. Main principle is to identify the
behavior, person's feelings, character and thoughts, the result will bring up one or several ego states
that exist in individual. By looking at the definition of Dr. Bern towards Ego states theory: "A steady
example of feeling and experience straightforwardly identified with a relating reliable example of
conduct" (Bern, 1961), we can understand that all people has at least one strongly marked ego state.
The ego state can be found and identified by the way person speak to the other people as family,
friends or strangers. However, the ego state can operate ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I can be funny and humorous as much as I can, but I still have a side that I keep myself serious, as
being responsible is also one of my strengths, I think a lot about my life, my goals and future, even
plunge deep inside myself, and this side of a character can appear at any time. I can relate to an
"Ambivert" type of person, who is moderately comfortable with groups and social interaction,
however can enjoy time alone to the fullest, staying away from the

Transactional Analysis The following is an introductory description of Transactional Analysis. It is
designed to be understood by the layperson, written with approximately the same level of
complexity that Berne used for Games People Play. Psychoanalysis before Eric Berne While there
were many theories purporting to explain human behavior before Eric Berne, the most frequently
cited and known is the work of Sigmund Freud. Freud emerged in the early 20th century with his
theories about personality. Freud believed that personality had three components, all of which must
work together to produce our complex behaviors. These three components or aspects were the Id,
Ego, and the Superego. It was Freud's belief that these three components ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Dr. Thomas Harris stated in I'm OK – You're OK that in Transactional Analysis, "we have found a
new language of psychology." It should be noted that this approach was profoundly different than
that of Freud. While Freud and most other psychotherapists took the rather simplistic approach of
asking the patient about themselves, Berne took an alternate approach to therapy. Berne felt that a
therapist could learn what the problem was by simply observing what was communicated (words,
body language, facial expressions) in a transaction. So instead of directly asking the patient
questions, Berne would frequently observe the patient in a group setting, noting all of the
transactions that occurred between the patient and other individuals. Berne's Three Ego States In
addition to the analysis of the interactions between individuals, Transactional Analysis also involves
the identification of the ego states behind each and every transaction. Berne defined an ego state as
"a consistent pattern of feeling and experience directly related to a corresponding consistent pattern
of behavior."4 As a practicing psychiatrist in Carmel, California in the early 1950s, Berne treated
hundreds of patients. During the course of their treatment, he consistently noted that his patients,
and indeed all people, could and would change over the course of a conversation. The changes
would not necessarily be verbal – the changes could involve facial expressions, body language,
body

Transactional Analysis Childhood
Transactional analysis has allowed me to realize my childhood has an impact on my behavior and
decisions as an adult. Growing up my family had rules and regulations for children and most of
them currently affect me. I believe I am silent in certain situations, because of the way I was raised.
Growing up I was taught that children are to be seen and not heard. This regulation made me believe
as a child I did need to talk to everyone and be social, because they saw me. I used my presence as
my words, so I was often quiet. In addition, I was raised to speak when spoken to, and I still have
that regulation installed in me as an adult. This regulation made me believe I showed respect to
people by responding and acknowledging them when they are speaking

The Problem Of Team Projects
Team projects have always been one of my biggest fears; there are so many things to reason before
beginning to becoming a team. From the moment when the professor says there's a group project
one's mind can go swirling into a bundle of thoughts, doubts, and vaguely thought out wonders.
Furthermore, there is the thought of "I wonder", I wonder if I'm going to get the smart people, I
wonder if that guy is friendly, or I hope there isn't high expectations for the tasks at hand. Being
introverted is one thing, knowing that there is there is no way to pass the class without participating
is another. Now, not only do i have a group project, but I also have to overcome myself and do
what's necessary to succeed. On forward after getting my group members I was really confident in
them from the start, they all looked the part and seemed if they had sense of humor. Meeting them
on the day we were assigned to our groups was indeed mentally stimulating because we got to work
right away. The only question came to mind is who will be the leader of this group? In retrospect,
our team of six was chosen to be group five and we were assigned with the awesome category of
leadership. Furthermore, after some very silly hilarious brainstorming we came up with our team
name Alpha team five. One might ask what leadership is. Leadership is such a challenging term to
describe, as it can be determined in so many ways. According to the book of organizational behavior
a leader is described as

Sigmund Freud's Pychodynamic Approach To Leadership
The psychodynamic approach to leadership has its roots in Sigmund Freud´s. The psychodynamic
paradigm has its origins in Freud's psychoanalytic theories of human behaviour. Specifically, this
approach draws attention to the sources of energy and motivational forces that drive human actions
by considering what is "within": the inner world of individuals, including their emotions ,
relationships between individuals, and in the "reality" that is created by the dynamics of groups (In
text citation of Neumann & Hirschhorn,1999).Emotionally disturbed individuals and psychological
theories of personality development form the basis of psychodynamic approach This approach gives
importance making leader obtain good understanding on personality of ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
When a person is in parent ego state a person thinks, feels and behaves in the way they copied from
their parents during child hood. In this ego state they will be either controlling or nurturing during
the child ego state they think feel and behave as one did as a child. During this stage they try to
behave as a free child or a adapted child. In the adapted child stage they behave as in the adult ego
state they behave that are the direct result of the present situations. Individuals normally move in
and out of these ego states a person conforms & adapts to demands of others and in Free child stage
a person acts and feels like an uninhibited child. Transactional analysis happens when two persons
interacting are assessed. There are two types of transactional analysis complimentary interaction,
and crossed transaction. In the complimentary interaction happens when one person in the nurturing
ego state interacts with person in adaptive child ego state. In the crossed ego state arises when a
leader in the adult ego state deals with a subordinate having a free child ego state . An effective
leadership arises when two people operate in the adult ego state works together. In a crossed
transactions the following leader–follower relation could

Managing and Responding to Behaviours in a Learning...
MANAGING BEHAVIOURS IN THE LEARNING ENVIRONMENT
TETA : 1029
TASK 1
Case Study
IMPROVING STUDENT LEARNING BEHAVIOUR
Case Brief
The case I would like to address in this assignment is based on one of my 2009/2010 NC classes in
the afternoon. Despite the initial group discussion on expected behaviour, this group was
demonstrating a whole host of disruptive behaviours. This group also included a special needs
student, who was being supported by a Learning Support Assistant, whom I assumed had been
briefed on the needs. The observed disruptive behaviour included the following:
Arriving late
Listening to iPoD
Persistent talking
Throwing objects
Derogatory remarks
Withdrawn attitude of a few
The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Lack of resources that could shift the teaching methods to a more kinaesthetic end.
Proposed Ways to Improve Behaviour (1000 words)

One can argue that the potential to cause disruptive behaviour from the perspective of a student or a
group of students does not automatically result in disruptive or troublesome behaviour. Such
behaviour can be kept dormant, controlled, neutralised or changed over a period of time.
Keeping troublesome/disruptive behaviour dormant is not the ideal solution and although it has its
short–term benefits, it may adversely affect the rapport between teacher and learners – not a good
start. Abatement, enhancing or changing disruptive behaviour requires certain skills and so it is
hoped that by addressing the pre–requisite, specifying an appropriate methodology, identification,
and selection of appropriate techniques a logical flow to this section is established.
Pre–Requisite
Before selecting and describing a few techniques

The Wing Safety Office At Xyz Afb
Full Range Leadership Model Essay
Introduction
An organization's efficiency and effectiveness can be solely traced to its leader. When a team within
in an organization is found to be at fault, it is a leader's duty to turn it around. In this particular case,
the Wing Safety Office at XYZ AFB needs to rebuild its team into a cohesive unit in order to
successfully attack the safety issues distressing the base. Among other noted events, their
highlighted failures lie within the high rate of off base traffic accidents in relation to service
members and their families. By developing a clear strategy using three Full Range Leadership
Model [FRLM] behaviors, this safety office can ultimately achieve purposeful unity. This paper will
discuss the idea of using transformational and transactional leadership in order to fully understand
and conquer this safety office's meager performance. The safety office is currently comprised of
four members: MSgt Newscomb, TSgt Tilley, SSgt Green and Mr. East. Each person contributes to
the organization in a different and valuable way, which can be attributed to their
personality/behaviors and position. Behaviors of the individuals can be categorized using the
FRLM, which helps a leader 's approach to solving a organizational problem. Starting with MSgt
Newscomb, his actions fall into the Laissez–Faire [LF] realm of the FRLM. According to Arenas,
Connelly, and Williams (2014), a LF leader is often absent from work meetings/obligations and may

Transactional Analysis Paper
Transactional Analysis 1. Concept of Transactional Analysis: Transactional Analysis is a theory
developed by Dr. Eric Berne in the 1950s. Originally trained in psychoanalysis, Berne wanted a
theory which could be understood and available to everyone and began to develop what came to be
called Transactional Analysis (TA). Transactional Analysis is a social psychology and a method to
improve communication. The theory outlines how we have developed and treat ourselves, how we
relate and communicate with others, and offers suggestions and interventions which will enable us
to change and grow. Transactional Analysis is underpinned by the philosophy that: people can
change we all have a right to be in the world and be accepted  Berne (1961) ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The first phase (1955–1962) began with Berne's identification of the ego states (Parent, Adult, and
Child), which provided a perspective from which to explain thinking, feeling, and behaving. He
decided that the way to study personality was to observe here–and–now phenomena such as the
client's voice, gestures, and vocabulary. These observable criteria provide a basis for inferring a
person's past history and for predicting future problems. The second phase (1962–1966) focused on
transactions and "games." It was during this period that TA became popular because of its
straightforward vocabulary and because people could recognize their own games. At this time TA
was primarily a cognitive approach, with little attention given to emotions. The third phase (1966–
1970) gave attention to lifescripts and script analysis. A lifescript is an internal plan that determines
the direction of one's life. The fourth phase (1970 to the present) is characterized by the
incorporation of new techniques into TA practice (such as those from the encounter group
movement, Gestalt therapy, and psychodrama). TA is moving toward more active and emotive
models as a way of balancing its early emphasis on cognitive factors and insight (Dusay & Dusay,
1989 Initially criticised by some as a simplistic model, Transactional Analysis is now gathering
worldwide attention. It originally suffered much from the popularised writings in the 1960s. Also,
summarised explanations, such as this, which can only touch on some of the concepts in
Transactional Analysis, led their readers to believe that there was very little to it. Many did not
appreciate the duration and complexity of the

Role Of Playing Through Transactional Analysis
Role Playing through Transactional Analysis
Nidhee Meshram
Assistant Professor
Department of English
LAD and Smt RP College for Women
Nagpur– 10 email–cnidhee@yahoo.co.in Mobile No.– 9823915173
Abstract
Role Play is an integral part of the Communication Skills syllabus in English. All the professional
courses these days include Role Plays to motivate learners about verbal, nonverbal communication
leading to professionalism. The concept of Transactional Analysis can be attached to Role Play. This
paper is an attempt to discuss the application of Transactional Analysis in stimulating Role Play
from a make belief set– up of practice to real life situation. This application is applied to the higher
level of learning to establish healthy interpersonal relationship between teacher and student
interaction in day to day social and professional situation.
Role Play is an integral part of the Communication Skills syllabus in English. All the professional
courses these days include Role Plays to motivate learners about verbal, nonverbal communication
leading to professionalism.
The concept of Transactional Analysis can be attached to Role Play.
This presentation is an attempt to discuss the application of Transactional Analysis in stimulating
Role Play from a make belief set– up of practice to real life situation.
This application is applied to the higher level of learning to establish healthy

Team Leadership, Team Building and Transactional Analysis...
Chandaria School of Business Masters in Business Administration
Course: Leadership and Management of Change Code: BUS 6030 Semester: Fall 2011
TOPIC: TEAM LEADERSHIP, TEAM BUILDING AND TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS AS
TOOLS OF ORGANISATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND CHANGE
Group Member Adera P. Musyula Dominica G. Nkonge
Lecturer: Prof Ciru Getecha
Table of Contents 1.0 ORGANISATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
......................................................................... 3 1.1 Importance of Organization Development
................................................................. 4 2.0 TEAM LEADERSHIP
......................................................................................................... 4 2.1 Team Leadership Model ...
Organizational Development can involve interventions in the organization 's "processes," using
behavioral science knowledge as well as organizational reflection, system improvement, planning
and self–analysis. Kurt Lewin (1898–1947) is widely recognized as the founding father of
Organizational Development, although he died before the concept became current in the mid–1950s.
After Lewin were the ideas of group dynamics and action research which underpin the basic
Organizational Development process as well as providing its collaborative consultant/client ethos.
3
1.1 Importance of Organization Development Organizational development takes into
consideration how the organization and its constituents or employees function together. Does the
organization meet the needs of its employees? Do the employees work effectively to make the
organization a success? How can the symbiotic relationship between employee satisfaction and
organizational success be optimized? Organizational development places emphasis on the human
factors and data inherent in the organization–employee relationship. Organizational development
strategies can be used to help employees become more committed and more adaptable, which
ultimately improves the organization as a whole. The Organizational Development process is

A couple of months ago I witnessed my sister playing the...
A couple of months ago I witnessed my sister playing the Why don't you–Yes but game with me.
My sister approached me by saying that she can't get her G2 driver's license. I made a subjection
that she should enroll in driver's school. She responded by saying, "Yes, but I can't find the time
because I am in school and working part time. Then I suggested that she learns by driving with my
parents and their car. She responds, "Yes, but dad's SUV is too big and I have bad special skills."
Then I suggest that she practices with her boyfriend and his car. She responds, "Yes, but my
boyfriend is really overwhelmed right now, because his mom is in the hospital and he himself is
stressed out looking for a job. At that moment I ran out of solutions ... Show more content on
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There are a couple of possible payoffs in this scenario. First of all, my sister got attention, and she
probably had a feeling that she justified her inability to find time to learn to drive and get her G2.
Another, possible payoff was that my sister ended up feeling superior and smart while seeing me
feel dumb and disappointed. 3. The three perspectives of stress are: stress in relation to stressors,
stress in relation to response, and stress in relation to an interaction. According to the perspective
that stress is associated with the stressor, stress is mainly caused by exterior or interior stressors and
a person's perception has little to do with the amount of stress inflicted on the individual. The
response perspective of stress, highlights that it is not the stressor that determines stress, but it is
rather determined by how a particular person responds emotionally or reacts to a given situation. In
the interactional perspective of stress, stress is determined by an individual's perception of a stressor
or event. In other words, between the stressor and the response is a cognitive stage in which the
individual cognitively accesses the situation based on factors such as, values, beliefs, and perceived
controllability. Albert Ellis, for example believed that much of the stress of mankind is the result of
irrational beliefs people hold (Falikowski, 2012). For example, many people hold the irrational
belief that life is far and therefore, when treated

What Makes A Good Leader? Essay
Being a leader can be challenging, especially if you do not know how to adjust your leadership
techniques based on the situation. Things that might be perfect in one case, can be absolutely
disastrous in another. The ability to listen, watch and adjust according to the situation are some of
the qualities that define a good leader. I really enjoyed watching the video, where Tom Peters was
talking about the importance of listening. I agree, that as a manager you should be open to
conversations with subordinates and peers, and should be open–minded in that matter. As it was
mentioned in the video and throughout the discussion board interactions, a lot of people are unable
to listen to others, and usually intervene within the first 20 seconds. The ability to listen is
something that can be developed. Some leaders have the idea in their head, and are unable to change
their mind. It does not matter how many people they talk to, they just cannot accept a different view,
or look at the situation from a different angle. They can hear, but do not actually listen. We watched
a lot of interesting videos of leaders and professors talking about the biggest mistakes that leaders
can make. One thing that most of them mentioned is the importance of living up to the same moral
values that they propose to subordinates. It is important to lead "from the front", being a role model
for the people who work for you. This type of leaders have significantly more chances to build a
team, where people

Transactional Analysis Theories of Counseling Gabriele Lauer–Ballard Baker College of Jackson
May 27, 2013 Transactional Analysis Transactional Analysis is one of the most accessible theories
of modern psychology. Transactional Analysis was founded by Eric Berne, and the famous 'parent
adult child ' theory is still being developed today. Transactional Analysis has wide applications in
clinical, therapeutic, organizational and personal development, encompassing communications,
management, personality, relationships and behavior. Whether you 're in business, a parent, and
social worker or interested in personal development, his transactional analysis theories, and those of
his followers, will enrich your dealings with people, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some simple clues as to the ego state sending the signal. It will be easy to see these clearly in others,
and in yourself. The traits representing the Parent include physical characteristics such as anger or
impatient body–language and expressions, finger–pointing, patronizing gestures. The verbal signs
include always, never, for once and for all, judgmental words, critical words, patronizing language,
posturing language For the Child physical traits include emotionally sad expressions, despair,
temper tantrums, whining voice, rolling eyes, shrugging shoulders, teasing, delight, laughter,
speaking behind hand, raising hand to speak, squirming and giggling. The Verbal – baby talk, I
wish, I dunno, I want, I 'm gonna, I don 't care, oh no, not again, things never go right for me, worst
day of my life, bigger, biggest, best, words to impress. Adult physical traits are attentive, interested,
straight–forward, tilted head, no–n threatening and non–threatened. Verbal cues are why, what, how,
who, where and when, how much, in what way, comparative expressions, reasoned statements, true,
false, probably, possibly, I think, I realize, I see, I believe, in my opinion (Truax, 1971). It is also
important to understand when trying to identify ego states that words are only part of the story. To
analyze a transaction you need to see and feel what is being said as well. Only 7 percent of words
spoken reveal their true meaning, 38%

The Influence Of Leadership: The Profession Of Arms
Leadership is one of the most important aspects of life in the Canadian military. The Profession of
arms requires a style of leadership that meets the needs of it diverse membership. The requirement
of human resources and ability to effectively manage its assets and defined as "a process whereby an
individual influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal" which contributes to the
efficiency of getting things done. There have been many studies regarding specific brands or
leadership styles which would be in the best interest of companies and organizations. Effective
leaders within organizations and nations have the ability and skill to make things happen. Two
leadership styles come to mind that are frequently used are transactional ... Show more content on
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The term management by exception (MBE) can either be active or passive whereby active MBE is
constantly identifying shortcomings in a members performance and passive application is a leader
does not engage until an issue becomes severe. As previously identified this style contradicts the
transformational model and relies solely on the will of commanders. This view held by Capt St
Denis states the transformational style of leadership is entirely incompatible with the warrior ethic

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