Syrian Refugees During The Syrian Civil War

Syrian Refugees During The Syrian Civil War
Syrian Refugees in Lebanon
This is the story of Dania, a ten year old Syrian refugee now living in Lebanon. She can still recall hours spent huddling in a hole in the ground that
her father had dug for the family in times of artillery attack, as they crouched in the dirt covering their heads. She could hear the boom of cars
exploding, as buildings and stores crumbled to the ground. Ever since the beginning of the Syrian Civil War three years ago, her life has not been
the same. Her small school has been destroyed by explosions, and her uncle killed in a missile attack. By the summer of 2013 her family came face to
face with the realities of war–– either die in Syria or risk everything by fleeing to Lebanon. To Dana's family there was no choice, they had to flee. She
has been living as a refugee in Lebanon ever since (Lewis).
There are many causes and effects associated with Syrian refugees living in Lebanon. The primary cause of this movement is the Syrian Civil war. The
various effects of this migration include the influx of refugees putting immense pressure on Lebanon's already frail infrastructure, conflict with
Lebanese citizens, and the effects on the lives of the nearly 1.1 million Syrian refugees now living in Lebanon (Blanford).
In order to understand the effects of this immigration, we must first understand its cause. The main cause of this migration is the Syrian Civil War.
The civil war in Syria broke out in 2011 and has been escalating ever since ("Record Year
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Lebanon Memoir
The perspective which I upheld about my childhood city of Tripoli Lebanon remained unchanged for the largest portion of my young life. Until a
planned visit alongside my family in 2012. It would be only my second visit since my initial immigration to Canada in 2006. During this presumably
safe trip, a vicious civil war occurred only two weeks into our vacation. Bombs went off, streaks of bullets zoomed by, televisions and radios blared as
the extended family anxiously listened to the news. But that's not the Tripoli I know. The Tripoli I know is the thriving markets, historic sites,
crashing blue waves on the shore and close knit families and neighbourhoods. It's the same Tripoli which has shaped my identity as I have been
surrounded by a never ending learning experience ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Coming from a family of 7 teachers, education was crucial to us growing up. Private schools were far more superior over the public schools especially
in the languages and social studies fields. Attending such school, has educated me on the Arabic, French, and English languages andculture. Learning
three different languages and cultures has educated me heavily on the importance of diversity, open mindedness and adjusting to new things. All of
which became very important to me when I learned I'm moving to Canada at the age of nine. Knowing three languages helped me enormously while
transitioning from Lebanon to Canada since I could communicate with my new classmates. Also knowing different languages and cultures makes it
very hard to be closed minded. Knowing so much about many different societies at a young age develops a habit of accepting others. Also learning
Arabic since preschool, French since kindergarten and English since grade four prepared me to quickly and constantly learn different things without
much

Portrayal Of The Middle East
that I could make love to whenever I wished." The point of this criticism is not to say that men like that do not exist in the Middle East, but that when
so many male characters are portrayed in such a way it fails to contribute anything greater to the study of the Middle East where parts of its history has
already been tainted by Orientalists and revisionists. Since Al–Shaykh has already boldly challenged female stereotypes in her novel it would possibly
bode well if you managed to contest some of the male stereotypes as well in an effort to break the mold that the Middle East has been casted in. The
second vantage point through which Al–Shaykh shows the Lebanese Civil War through is that of a political exile as shown by Uncle Hashem. Since
Hashem participated in a failed coup d'Г©tat of the government he has been exiled to an African country and forbidden from returning. Hashem's
role as an exile helps the reader understand how important love of country is to people in the Middle East who have been exiled or have fled as
refugees. Given Hashem's exile status he needed to find a way to sublimate his profound feelings of love and nostalgia for Lebanon and found his
gateway in Zahra. Since Zahra was born and raised in Lebanon, she was for Hashem a living memory of everything he had left behind. For Hashem
Zahra was not just a symbol of Lebanon, she was Lebanon. This almost uncontrollable love of Lebanon is what partially forced Hashem to become so
physically attached to

A Current View Of Shiite Terrorist Organization
Although there are many terrorist activities brought to the public's attention daily, most people only have awareness of a few prominent terrorist
groups. Terrorist organizations such as Hezbollah have made a significant impact in parts of the world, yet few people have heard of them. Throughout
this paper, characteristics of Hezbollah will be examined such as, formation, leaders, purpose, influences, financial support, associations and their
impact to the world. Finally, this paper will present a current view of the Shiite terrorist organization Hezbollah. Hezbollah, a radical Shi'a Muslim
group located in southern Lebanon was formed with the purpose of liberating Jerusalem through establishing an Islamic government across the Arab
world as well as the group does not acknowledge the authority of the State of Israel. There are many names that Hezbollah has been referred to such as
Party of God, Organization by the Oppressed of Earth, and the Revolutionary Justice Organization. The United States State Department labeled
Hezbollah a foreign terrorist organization. In 1982, the Shiite terrorist organization Hezbollah was founded as part of the Iranian's government and led
by religious clerics. Although it was founded then, Hezbollah's foundation was formed around June 4th, 1967 which was the start to the six–day war.
After announcing the foundation of Hezbollah by Ali Akbar Motashemi, Sheikh Subhi Tufaili became the first secretary general. Within the next
couple years

Factors Behind The Variations Of Language Use Among Adults
Brigitte Ghorayeb – 201721664
ENG 230 – Language in Society
Research question: What are the factors behind the variations of language use among adults in Lebanon?
Annotated Bibliography
Bhatia, T. & Ritchie W. (June 9, 2008). The Handbook of Bilingualism. John Wiley & Sons.
This book offers a full guide to understanding the bilingualism phenomenon. It analyses it from a cognitive perspective, as well as its different types
such as code switching and code mixing. This book will help me analyze my data on the level of the different types and motivations of bilingualism.
Clyne, M. & Kipp, S. (1999). Pluricentric Languages in an Immigrant Context: Spanish, Arabic and Chinese. Walter de Gruyter.
This book presents a table of comparison of Language use in the home among children and adults, Egypt and Lebanon groups, followed by an analysis
of the table. This table is very useful because it shows that, when compared to children in Lebanon, the Lebanese adults have a very big preference for
Arabic. This is an indispensable work for any sociolinguistic paper.
Ellias, N. (November 1, 2008). In the Hands of the Refiner: A Story from Lebanon. Xlibris Corporation.
This book illustrates the author's perception of her first encounters with Lebanon; Lebanese people and Lebanese culture at the age of 12, and it is
useful because it provides an insight of an outsider who is analyzing how Lebanese people talk. She describes how Lebanese people shift to Arabic
sometimes because that

Rapid Growth Of The Real Estate Sector
In the past fourteen years Lebanon have witnessed a rapid growth in the real estate sector, which raised the prices of the apartments by 560% from
the year 2000 till year 2010 which recorded a peak in the prices in this sector, to stabilize on this prices till recent time. A slight decrease in this
prices was registered in year 2006 because of the Israeli aggression , and in the year 2008 due to "7th of may" incidence , but after each incidence
causes a decrease in prices a remarkable increase is recorded, not just to the past value but more. This raise of prices , minimizes the opportunity of
new families to buy houses to start a new life in. Even if this families decided to rent a house instead of owning them, they would not be able to
have one with low rent price, since the Syrian crisis force Syrian people to immigrate towards the Lebanese area. Surely the Syrian people would
rent houses instead of buying ones, since they are expecting to go back to their country in the near future. That fact raised also the renting prices.
The Lebanese government tried to help its people by offering loans on long term with low interest , also it stimulates the banks to offer citizens such
loans by pumping money towards it with low interests also. But upon observing the arbitrage of the Lebanese government , and the percentage of
defect, we can conclude clearly that a problem will occur in the near future , either by the stoppage of loans , or by the near collapse of this sector ,

Case Study On Staffing And Recruitment
Two of the utmost crucial activities in the human resources (HR) field are staffing and recruiting. This encompasses recognizing and attracting the right
people to fill in positions, extending from key decision–maker and upper management roles to entry–level workers.
Sukleen strife with staffing challenges mainly workforce diversity. Nevertheless, staffing study remains abandoned or misinterpreted by many
organizational decision makers, regardless of such vital needs for effective staffing practice. Calling for staffing Human resources to develop their
attention from individual–level recruitment and selection study to multilevel study representing the organizational/business unit and level effect of
staffing may solve these challenges.
The main problem that sukleen is encountering in its Human ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
OBJECTIVE OF THE CASE STUDY
The HR process to attain the satisfaction of directors in any company is known as the recruitment and selection process. Sukleen is the number one
cleaning Services Company in the Middle East; hence it should be aware of its recruitment process since any mistake in this process might shake the
whole company somehow and particularly it will demotivate the employees.
My objectives of this case study "Wrong staffing as a major factor of demotivation at Sukleen "are:
1.To define how Sukleen selects their employees and on what basis.
2.To determine how Sukleen apply the recruitment process.
3.To determine what Sukleen do to motivate their employees.
4.To determine and evaluate the effects of employees demotivation and job dissatisfaction to sukleen.
5.To recommend solutions for the recruitment process at Sukleen with all the obstacles the country in general and the company in specific are facing in
the past few years.
6.To determine an advanced way to motivate current and new employees since this company mainly rely on recruiting foreign workers.
7.To determine different opportunities to acquire human resource.
3.OVERVIEW OF SUKLEEN

The Declaration Of An Arab Identity Of A United Lebanon
Introduction
The Taif agreement tried to abolish sectarianism and declare an Arab identity of a united Lebanon; however, in practice it perpetuated sectarianism
through confessionalism and restructuring the National Pact political system in Lebanon. It also failed to provide a concrete Arab identity or unified
Lebanon in practice, instead sectarian identities prevailed.
The situation before the agreement
The Ta'if accords modify the "rules of the game" of prewar Lebanon but they do not change their basic character; they might even be making them
worse.
Body 1: The Taif agreement perpetuated sectarianism through...
The Taif Agreement was the document that provided the basis for the ending of the civil war and the return to political the so called "normalcy" in
Lebanon. It constituted a compromise among the Lebanese political parties and groups. The agreement defined the nation 's political system as a
parliamentary democracy, based on the principles of separation, balance, and cooperation among the various branches of government. Most importantly
it confirmed the unity of Lebanon and stated that the abolition of political sectarianism constitutes a basic national goal to be achieved according to a
gradual scheme. However, this national goal has never been achieved. The Taif agreement both re–codified sectarianism and worked as a catalyst for it
in practice. Sectarianism was mainly re–codified because the agreement implicitly ratified the National Pact of 1943 and

Essay on Lebanon and its main problems
Lebanon
Lebanon is a Middle Eastern country that is delimitated to the west by the Mediterranean and to the east by the Syro–African Depression. Lebanon
borders Syria to the north and to the east, and Israel in the south.
Lebanon's climate is "Mediterranean"; mild to cool, wet winters, and hot, dry summers.
Some of Lebanon's natural resources are the limestone, salt, water and iron ore. Like any other country there are natural hazards such as dust storms and
sandstorms.
[ Population pressures: growth, urbanization, immigration.
Lebanon's population consists of 3, 777, 218 (this data is from July, 2004)
Age structure: ~ 0–14 years: 26.9% (male 517,356; female 496,888) ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Due to civil war, Lebanon's economy was highly affected, for instance central government institutions disintegrated. Therefore the estate was
handicapped, and accumulated several debts, for example by 2001 Lebanon had reached $28 billion, or nearly 150% of GDP.
As a matter of fact, economic performance was sluggish in 2000 and 2001 and there was no growth in 2000.
Lebanon's current program of reforms focuses on three main aspects:
– Economic restoration and "sustainable growth"
– "Fiscal consolidation and structural improvement in public sector finances
– Monetary, financial, and price stability"
The Lebanese pound is firmly pegged to the American dollar since September 1999. Furthermore Lebanese currency has "undetermined
competitiveness, with merchandise exports falling from 23% of GDP in 1989 to 4% in 2000".
In 2002, the Lebanese government increased gasoline taxes, reduced expenditures, and approved a "value–added–tax"; all of these became effective in
February 2002.

In Lebanon is it hard to finance the government because of the slow money growth and dollarization, which results in a burden to the 'Central Bank'.
Some of the measurements that the government has put primary emphasis on privatization are: the telecom sector and electricity, Beirut port, and
water utilities. Lebanon's is U.S' fourth largest source of imported goods; the U.S has more than

Israel 's Invasion Of Lebanon
Israel's 1982 invasion into Lebanon brought down the phase of Lebanon's political history, which started with the 75–56 war. The civil war made a
mark of trends that has been rising since 1958.
The civil war of 1975–96 had the Lebanese front against the Lebanese's national movement, which were a reformist coalition and the Palestinian allies.
The heart of the issue in this war was the change in political circumstances in Lebanon. The political aspect and the economy were run by French
mandates. The government split each section's part of Lebanese seats and service positions. A Maronite Christian would hold the presidency seat. A
Sunni Muslim would hold the premiership and a Shi'a Muslim would hold the speakership. By diving the positions up to the power families it gives
deep roots to Lebanon's religious groups. The agreement to share the power was formally called the National Pact in 1943. These transformations
disputed the dynamics of power between the older ruling families and undercut the authority of the state. An uprising in Sunni Muslim social forces
brought an increased labor movement and a deprived Shi'a peasantry, which stood up against the ruling families.
The Lebanese national movement constituted the new social forces. The goals of this group were expressed in 1975 to diminish the political
monopoly, to destroy the government sections, and to change the Lebanese state into a democratic one. This program showed the desires of the non
Maronite Christian and

The Long Historical Journey Of Lebanon 's Shia Community
Dr. Haytham Mouzahem a Middle Eastern writer describes the long historical journey of Lebanon 's Shia community. The Lebanese Shia 's attained
global identity in the 1980s, 5 years after Hezbollah was founded in 1975, with military operations carried out opposing the Israeli occupation in
Lebanon, and the beginning of Hezbollah 's relationship with Syria and the Islamic republic of Iran ever since. According to some historians and Shia
scholars in Lebanon and the west, the actual occultation of 'Shi 'ism ' in Lebanon was incorporated by 'Abu–Dhar Al Ghaffari ', a companion of Prophet
Muhammad and also the fifth person to accept the religion of Islam. Abu–Dhar moved to 'Jabal Amel ' in the south of Lebanon where he began
spreading the religion of Shia Islam where he later died in 652 AD; and that is why the greater Shia population resides in the southern region of the
country .
Additionally, other historians state that the Shia tribe from Hamadan migrating into Syria and Lebanon increased the Shia population in the country
during the time of the Umayyads reign, again creating Southern Lebanon a important region for the Shia 's, later spreading into the North. During the
time of the Crusades 85% of Lebanon consisted of Shia Muslims until Ibn Taymiyyah, a powerful extremist clergy issued a fatwa to kill the Shia 's,
after which many died, fled the cities, converted to the religion of Sunni Islam or Christianity and adopted 'Taqiyyah ', a practice that meant hiding the

Hezbollah Effectiveness
Hezbollah is the organization that I will be discussing in this essay. Hezbollah is one of the more perplexing organizations in the Middle East.
Hezbollah has created such an organized style that much of many terrorist group would emulate. There is a perception that Hezbollah and Al Qaeda
are fighting for similar causes, but Hezbollah are Shi'ites and Al Qaeda are Sunnis. Hezbollah is under the leadership of three central figures that
played an intricate part in their involving over the years. Musawi who provided the connection to Iran and with Iran, Hezbollah was receiving millions
of dollars, weapons, and training to continue fighting and able to provide support to the people of Lebanon. This essay will discuss techniques Hezbollah
is using ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Delegitimization of the corrupt Muslim regimes meaning do not follow Sharia law as corrupt and illegitimate, thus sanctioning the means to overthrow
Muslims regimes. 3. Joining the Jihad against corrupt Arab rulers and the West as a means to promote the idea of the Islamic nation. 4. Defining the
enemy as calling the enemies of Islam, the "Little Satan" and the US, as the "Great Satan". 5. The principle of sacrifice, Hezbollah adopted the idea
early on and carried out suicide attacks against foreigners in Lebanon between 1983–85. This method of operation was later adopted by other terrorist
organizations around the world. 6. The principle of "the rule of the jurisprudence". In Khomeini's approach of allowing religious scholars to run the
Islamic state was this principle was strictly followed by Hezbollah (Azani,

The Conflict Between The Between Civilizational Blocks,...
Huntington predicted that future clashes will occur between civilizational blocks, Muslim and Christians or Muslin and Hindu for example. However,
the Lebanese and Bangladeshi cases show that clashes occur between civilizations as shown above, but also within civilizational blocks – or even
within religious groups –. Before going further into Lebanon's and Bangladesh's history, a brief review of Islam must be done. Muslims are split into
two mains branches: Sunnis and Shia. The origin of this division was a dispute right after the death of the Islam's founder, Prophet Muhammad, in
932. The subject of the dispute is "Who should lead the Muslim community?". In the whole world there is a broad majority of Sunnis, who represents
between 80 to 90% of Muslims and Shia Muslims are representing only 10% of the Muslim population. Shia Muslims and Sunnits Muslims share many
fundamental practices and beliefs, these two religions have co–exists for many centuries. However, some ritual, theology or religious organisation
triggers to sporadic fights. During many century Sunni Muslims were marginalized, but in 80's, we saw their emergence, in Lebanon with creation of
Hezbollah and in Irak after Sadam Hussein's fall. Lebanon is composed by approximatively 50% of Muslims: 20% Shia and 25% of Sunnites. This
country's current tensions are not opposing Christians to Muslims, as Huntington would have predicted, but rather inside of the Muslim civilization
opposing Sunni Muslims to Shia

The Death Of A Man
February 15, 2015 Asaad a Lebanese citizen sat to eat lunch with his cousin Walid, uncle, wife, and children that 's when his uncle decided to go
down memory lane and spoke of a conflict that Asaad and Walid had had over a piece of land previously. One word lead to the other what was a
small intended conversation developed to a fight that ended up with Asaad shooting Walid in his shoulder and his uncle in the stomach when he was
trying to get a hold of him and calm him down. His children with frightened eyes and his wife 's tears and screams never separated his mind as he
was dragged by the police. After being released several months later Asaad reported that till now that incident turned his life upside down and the fact
that he almost became a murderer for the most trivial reasons changed his way towards guns and their uses that needed to be sub stained. Let 's think
of a scenario where the same situation occurred but this time Asaad didn't have a gun, wouldn 't that have been a better outcome than 2 people
hospitalized and one incarcerated for a few months? Yes,Lebanon is a country with a wide variety of social problems and one of the little discussed
but most occurred and this issue has many causes and tremendously frightening effects but, of course to every problem there exist solutions that
hopefully the Lebanese society would abide to. The Lebanese society had several reasons to justify clearly the causes of the gun madness that lead to
what we are today

The French Mandate For Syria And Lebanon
The French Mandate for Syria and Lebanon came into effect once Faisal's Kingdom surrendered. Voted on at the League of Nations after the war, but
originally conceived in the Sykes–Picot Agreement, Greater Syria was to go to the French after the war and Palestine and Iraq would be under British
control. The Sykes–Picot division of the Middle East is one of the many reasons that the issues of today are the way they are. The French ruled by
mandate, which, in theory meant that they were to govern the territory until the people were able to rule for themselves. After carving up the Middle
East as a whole, the French went on the further divide the territory by separating it into five separate states, based on the different population centers...
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It too encompassed mostly desert, but has the Euphrates river running through most of the province. Both Damascus and Aleppo were made up of
Muslims, mainly Sunnis but also Shi'ites. In the southern most part of the mandate was the Jabal al–Druze, used by the French to control the Druze
living in Greater Syria. While on paper the French partitioning of the mandate looked great, the long term consequences still affect us today. By
dividing up the different minorities into provinces where they would no longer be minorities, the French began to kill the nationalism that had be so
fervent before during and after the First World War. Nationalism works because people are adopting a new identity and casting off an old one.
Although the mandate's purpose was to groom the people to rule themselves, the French actions in Syria seemed to be opposed to the stated goal.
France ruled the mandate like it had ruled its colonial possessions, with the intent to generate the highest return on investment it could manage. Before
World War One, France had invested heavily in Syria's infrastructure, banking, and export productions sectors. While Syria was not the wealthiest
territory under French control, it offered a counter weight to the British in the Middle East and had potential to become more prosperous. The French
used a style of governing that succeeded in Morocco to rule Syria; associate with the local ruling class and use them to rule over

It has been said that, one manвЂ™s terrorist is another...
It has been said that, one man's terrorist is another man's freedom fighter. When examining organizations that make this statement true, it's hard to
ignore Hezbollah. Hezbollah, also known as Hizbullah, or Hizballah, is a Shi'a Islamic militant group and political party established and residing in
Lebanon. Hezbollah, meaning "Party of God", was created out of a volatile time in Lebanon. Lebanon in the 1970s was a collection of warring factions
within the country. Palestinian guerrillas, Shiite Muslims, right–wing Christian Phalangists and leftist Sunni Muslims fought alongside as well as
against each other for control of Lebanon's destiny. Syria moved in troops to aid the Christian Phalangists against the Shite Muslims. Israel was ... Show
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While there, they assisted in the formation of Hezbollah, a radical Muslim faction. By 1983, the peacekeeping force made up of U.S., French and
Italian armed forces had eased into their duties in Beirut. Peace did not last for long, as groups allied with Hezbollah, and perhaps Hezbollah itself
began attacking American forces. In March 1983, U.S. Marines were fired upon for the first time while patrolling areas near the Beirut airport. A
militant Shiite Muslim faction was apparently responsible, though no one explicitly claimed credit. On April 18, 1983, a suicide bomber drove a
truck loaded with high explosives into the U.S. embassy in Beirut. The explosion killed 60 people, containing 17 Americans. An organization called
"Islamic Jihad" claimed responsibility. On October 23, 1983, a truck bomb destroyed the U.S. Marine barracks at the Beirut airport, killing 241
American soldiers. At the time, this was the worst terrorist attack the U.S. ever faced. Islamic Jihad once again claimed responsibility. The U.S.,
through investigations, began suspecting that Islamic Jihad and Hezbollah were linked and probably even the same group, with "Islamic Jihad"
being a cover name. Both groups were loyal to Iran, were centered in the Baalbeck region of the Bekaa valley, and obtained weaponry from Syria. In
addition, the groups had mutual leaders, including a man named Sheikh Hussein Mussawi. On March 31, 1984, the U.S. peacekeeping force was
ordered home by President Regan. He

State-Sponsored Terrorism: The Relationship between...
Most of the countries involved in state–sponsored terrorism make modest attempts to disassociate themselves with terrorist organizations. These
countries do this in hopes that the United Nations will not place sanctions. More often than not, these countries continue their support of various
terrorist groups. They support the terrorist organization in various ways: financially, training, supplies. Iran has remained the most active state sponsor
of terrorism to date (State Department, 2013). Iran supports several different terrorist organizations, including Hamas, Palestine Islamic Jihad, Popular
Front for the Liberation of Palestine–General Command and Hizballah. Often times, Iran is involved in the planning and support of different ... Show
The common definition of state–sponsored terrorism is terrorism practiced by a government against its own people or in support of international
terrorism. Currently, there are only four countries that are on the US State Department's list of State Sponsors of Terrorism: Cuba, Iran, Sudan and
Syria. These countries have been accused of providing different types of aid to several different terrorist organizations throughout the world.
A country is placed on the State Sponsor list when it has demonstrated to the United States government they frequently give support to terrorist
organizations. The United States government automatically places four sanctions on these countries: a ban on arms–related exports and sales, controls
over exports of dual–use items, prohibitions of economic aid and various financial and other restrictions (State Department, 2013).
Hizballah (Party of God), a Shia Muslim organization, was established in 1982 as a response to the Israeli invasion of Lebanon. Hizballah has several
different goals and is funded in many ways. It was not until October 8, 1997 that Hizballah was classified as a Foreign Terrorist Organization, even
though they had been linked to several terrorist attacks dating back

Political, Social And Economic Conditions Of Lebanon Essay
Country Analysis
In this country analysis report, the current political, social and economic conditions of Lebanon have been shaped by historical events that will be
discussed. The paper will elaborate the historical factors and events from the last century. As well as the current situation will also be presented in this
paper. The main argument of the paper will focus on the factors from history are impacting the current situation of Lebanon. Lebanon had a horrific
history under the Ottoman rule and from that time the country and its leadership struggled to give its people the way of life that was offered to
citizens of Turkey and other Western countries. From the eve of World War, I to the current situation how people have survived and achieved their
independence is also discussed in this paper. With the help of different questions set out for review and their answers, it will be evaluated that through
which strategies the government is trying to reach a next level of development.
On the eve of the First World War theOttoman Empire in Lebanon was in its last few years. The Turkish forces allied with Germans and Italians and
Lebanon's status that had somewhat autonomy. The country did not participate nor had any connection with World War I. It was suffering at the hands
of a food crisis that caused a countrywide shortage of food supplies. The country did not have enough resources to feed its population. The Great
Famine 1915–1918 took the life of more than 200,000 people

The Is The Party Of God
Abstract
When translated, Hezbollah means "The Party of God." However, as we examine the history, demographics, agenda, methodology and target choices
and affiliation assignments and contributions of Hezbollah, we discover that this organization was established with perhaps one goal in mind and that
is to strike fear into the hearts of those that oppose an Islamic state in Lebanon. Therefore, as the self–proclaimed "Party of God," based on the history
of their activities and actions, they appear to be something entirely different.
History
Since the establishment of Hezbollah in 1982 as part of the Iranian government's Revolutionary Guard, according to Spindlove et al (2010, pp.
249–252), the goal of this organization has since been the creation of an independent Islamic state exclusive of the nation of Lebanon. Moreover,
according to a compilation of information by Berman (2015), it is widely believed that the Hezbollah ideology spawned during the Iranian Revolution.
During this revolution, the rhetoric called upon Muslims to over through governments that oppressed them and their beliefs. Within Lebanon,
according to perceptions of the Hezbollah leaders, the United States (U.S.) was ultimately to blame for the oppression of Lebanese Muslims and their
beliefs while, simultaneously, viewing Israel as an extension of the U.S. and its policies within the region. Led by religious clerics, in addition to their
desire for independence, the Hezbollah organization adopted an

Syrian Global Refugee Crisis
Syrian refugees are facing many problems as a result of fleeing their country for other nations around the globe. Syrian refugees are desperately
needing housing, medical care, and jobs in order to survive. The government of Lebanon is struggling to provide aid, housing, and other resources to
care for the influx of Syrian refugees and seeking humanitarian efforts from other countries and organizations in handling the tidal wave of refugees
flooding their country. Research methodology is a literature review.
Syrian Global Refugee Crisis in Lebanon
The Syrian war is a conflict between the government and civilians which has raged on for over five years and have claimed the lives of more than a
quarter of a million people
("Competing Gas Pipelines," n.d.). The goal for the Syrians is to remove the president from office no matter what the cost may be. While the
government sees the Syrians as out of control and needs to be controlled. Both sides, the Syrians, and the government do not care how many causalities
there are in this process of getting what they are desiring.
As a result of the war, millions have fled their country to seek asylum in neighboring countries such as Lebanon, Iraq, Jordan and Turkey which is
now creating a new set of problems for both the host country and the refugees. The Syrian refugee's crisis is impacting the world by organizations and
other countries trying to get aid and resources to the refugees, but their efforts are being

Aylan Kurdi Suicide
For decades, the people of Syria have suffered violence due to corrupt political leaders and the radical factions that attempt to dismantle the sinuous
body that governs them. Therefore, the people of Syria either fall victim to an endless cycle which forces them to either live under deplorable
conditions or escape and seek amnesty in other countries. However, because of the surplus of refugees in Syria host countries–namely Lebanon–not
only refuse to support the refugees, these countries also develop legislation that prevents Palestinians specifically from constructing housing and
working. As a result, many attempt to escape; however, few survive let alone receive amnesty. Thus, while refugees fight against the volatile countries
that 'claim' them, the globe pivots to watch a young Aylan Kurdi lay dead on a Turkish beach–cries from his silent body ... Show more content on
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The complete disregard for those in Lebanon, leads to travesties; incidentally, in the drowning of Aylan Kurdi, a young Syrian refugee attempting to
escape the violence that infected his home drowned in his escape from Syria. Therefore, whenever tragedy strikes, such in the case of Aylan Kurdi,
publishers such as The Wall Street Journal must take full advantage of its authority to share the story of not only the young refugee Aylan but all of the
suffering refugees in Syria and Lebanon. The Syrians and the Lebanese face several complications including, the lack of support from their
governments to nonexistent human rights, and total neglect from the world concerning the overall well being of the refugees from the middle–east.
Through Aylan's tragic attempt at escape, the public has awoken to the cries of countless refugees in Syria seeking

Research Paper On Lebanon
The Country of Lebanon Lebanon is a small country in the middle east, bordered by Syria and Israel. Like most Mediterranean countries it has cool
wet winters with hot dry summers, while the Lebanon mountains experience heavy snow in the winter time. Rainfall varies from region to region, but
mainly falls in heavy storms from march to November. Due to the geography of the land the mountainous areas of the country receive considerably
less rain. In fact some of the northern plains of the region are almost too dry to grow anything, so livestock is relied upon by the few villages that
inhabit this area. All of the major cities in Lebanon, such as Tripoli and Beirut, are located on the coast making maritime plain and coastlines the most
populated... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Alexander the great, crusaders from Europe, the Assyrian empire and the Ottomans all had claim to the area at some point in time. However the
biggest influences on the country were the Arab invaders who brought the Islamic religion to the area, the French whose influence in the country
affected politics well into the 20th century, Syria, Israel, and the many refugees that flooded into the country over the centuries. This melting pot
of people from different ethnic backgrounds has made Lebanon a unique area filled with many different styles of cooking. Like in many other
Mediterranean countries grilled meats are a common food, often accompanied by pita bread, various dips like hummus and fool, and rice. Yogurt
is also a common staple and can be found in many dishes. Red meats like goat and sheep are common fare and are the biggest sources of meat and
dairy in the whole country. Family is extremely important in Lebanon. Generally families eat together so dining in Lebanon is very social and people
rarely eat by themselves. Meals, especially at dinner time, are a long and drawn out affair. Usually it's a time to catch up between friends and family.
During the holy month of Ramadan Muslims eat large meals at sundown, while during lent Christians eat meatless dishes and at Barbara (Halloween)
they eat wheat based

The Lebanon And Israel War
Title: The Lebanon and Israel war, 1982 Marry Kaldor marked a difference between old and new wars in her book. She uses logical reasoning to
tell her readers that new wars are quite different from the old ones. She has given an idea about the new war trends as to how the wars now occur
and how the countries fight them. She is of the view that these wars are totally different from each other in all respects. Let us here look into the
differences that she has marked for us to make us know that the differences are sharp and true. Why wars happen? Marry Kaldor has established in
her book that both the old and new wars differ in their ends. The old wars were either fought for the land or for ideology but the new wars are
actually fought for the identity. They are fought for the religious, tribal or ethnic identity. Actors of The Wars: Actors are the individuals, parties or
the states that take active part in some war. They are the players that cause the war. The new wars are totally different from the old ones because of
their actors. Now the wars are not fought just by the state 's armed forces rather the non state actors, private security contractors or Jihadi are also
involved in the present day wars. Level Of Destruction: In the past, for the lack of advancement and technology the wars were fought on the smaller
scales. The damage that was incurred by the States used to be small as there was no involvement of massive and destructive weapons. Wars usually
used to be

Monopolies Essay
A monopoly is a firm that has no rivals in the market. It can decide on the prices and quantity it wants. It set the prices that suit it. It aims at making
profit at the expenses of consumers and at the expenses of other firms. Therefore monopolies are owned by wealthy people who are willing to do
everything they can to keep their power. Some monopolies don't mind using their networks and connections to influence politicians, decision makers,
and policy makers. Monopolies are sometimes, in some countries synonym with corruption. Monopolies are willing to invest their profit in order to
keep their positions and their grasp of the market. In monopolistic models, high barriers entries exist. It is not easy to enter the market. If some firms
manage to enter the market, monopolies create strategies to stop them by lowering their prices so that the new firms don't make any profit and find
themselves bankrupt. Monopolies usually offer products that don't present any close substitutes (Rittenberg & Tregarthen, 2012, 253).... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Microsoft is a monopoly and for years it had a strategy to keep development very slow and even stagnant. (Spaudling, 1982–2015). Keeping
development at bay can has its toll on the economic development.
Another effect of a monopoly on economic development is the low quality of output. Since a monopoly controls the market, and since its products have
no substitutes, it can put anything in the market for the price it wants.
A monopoly can use asymmetric information by not supplying the costumer with enough

Marketing Disney Consumer Products in the Middle East Essay
Marketing Disney Consumer Products in the Middle East
1. Disney Consumer Products Middle East was interested in Lebanon, which has only one million children and teenagers and not Egypt, which has a
much larger population, due to the following reasons;
a. The literacy rate in Lebanon was much higher than the literacy rate of the populations of other Arab states in the Middle East at that time.
b. The population of Lebanon was more familiar with western products, which included the Disney products. In reference to (Exhibit 6) in the case
study, one could see that both awareness of the brand and awareness of the various product categories of the brand were already established.
c. Many of the Lebanese ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The problem Disney Consumer
Products Middle East thinks occur as a result of the current distribution system is that most distributors require exclusive rights in Lebanon for the items
they carry as the market is too small to support competing distributors. However, the market is too small for such exclusive rights. On top of the
above, there is this problem of the Lebanese retailers' ability to purchase Disney merchandise from US or European Disney licenses' wholesalers and
resell it in Lebanon.
Moreover, DCPEME was looking into several different distribution options. One was to rely on the company?s licenses? current distributors, while also
encouraging its worldwide licenses not represented in Lebanon to sign agreements with one of these distributors. A problem with the above mentioned
approach is that current official distributors might not have the motivation or financial strength to distribute more Disney products and in turn favor
other products yielding higher margins. Another option was to identify existing Lebanese distributors that might sell Disney products not yet present in
the market, but this approach would mean a challenge of coordinating and supporting organizations unfamiliar with
Disney products. Finally, DCPEME could license one or more Disney
Corner within existing retail stores.
3. The Disney brand was regarded as a high value label, and it was believed that using

A Student Of Lebanon Valley College Essay
As a student of Lebanon Valley College, I have found that this school is home for me. With my very first step on campus, I knew this is where I
belonged. Now, after just a short enjoyable semester I am faced with the dilemma that I may not be here next semester. Understand, when I was in the
sixth grade I knew college is where I wanted to be, even though no one in my family saw it as a possibility. I was that little kid with big dreams, but
now I am being subjected to my own true faults.
To begin, in the third grade my parents got a divorce and everything I knew was torn into two. I understand this divorce was a decade ago, but I
never understood the rippling effect of it. We kids had to commute back and forth between two parents who were barely keeping their heads above
water financially. I was a little person who had to deal with multiple occasions in a house with no heat, no power, and no source of food. Times
were tough, but my internal drive to become something, trumped everything else. As a result of my parents' finances, college funds were never a
possibility. This impossibility hit home for me, which allowed a little third grader to fight tooth and nail for a simple honor roll or distinguish honor
roll in hopes of becoming something one day. As the years went on I kept this status because I wanted to make myself proud, but most of all, I wanted
to make my mother proud. For my mom, colleges was never an option, she had too many setbacks to even make it through high

Lebanon Essay
Lebanon
Lebanon, a nation that once proudly called itself the Switzerland of the Middle
East, is today a country in name only. Its government controls little more than half of the nation's capital, Beirut. Its once–vibrant economy is a
shambles.
And its society is fragmented – so fragmented, some believe, that it may be impossible to re–create a unified state responsive to the needs of all its
varied peoples.
Lebanon lies on the eastern shore of the Mediterranea n Sea, in that part of southwestern Asia known as the Middle East. Because of its location – at the
crossroads of Asia, Europe, and Africa– Lebanon has been the center of commerce and trade for thousands of years. It has also been on the route of
numerous conquering armies. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Lebanon has four distinct geographical regions: a narrow – but fertile – coastal plain; two roughly parallel mountain ranges that run the full length of
the country – the Lebanon, which rises in the west to an alpine hei ght of 11,000 feet while the eastern range, the anti–Lebanon, is crowned
magestically by the snow–capped Mount Hermon at 9,232 feet. The two chains of mountains shelter between them a well–cultivated plateau extending
seventy miles in length and fifteen miles in width. This tableland is called the Bekaa. This is a fertile strip of land 110 miles long and six to ten
miles wide. Zahle, the third largest city in the country, is in the valley. The country's two most important rivers, the Litani and the Orontes, rise in the
northern Bekaa near Baalbek, a city that dates to Roman times. The Litani flows southwest through the Bekaa Valley and then empties into the
Mediterranean Sea north of Tyre. Its waters are used for irrigation, so it becomes a mere tr ickle by the time it gets to the sea. The
Orontes rises not far from the Litani, but it flows northward between the two mountain ranges, wending its way into Syria. Beyond the Bekaa and the
anti–
Lebanon mountains, the Syrian desert only stretches east f or about 800 miles to the valley of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. This geography has been
a determining factor for millenia in keeping Lebanon turned toward the West.
The landscape cannot be described without mentioning the most celebrated

The Central Problems Of International Politics
ne of the central problems of international politics is that of cooperation or lack of cooperation. Though, cooperation is not always possible or a
welcome idea when it comes to states making decisions. Creating and claiming value are two of the most fundamental aspects of negotiation strategy
that exist, but there is tension with one another. In any negotiation, the delegates need to decide which course of action to take whether that be
competitive, cooperative, or some of both. David Lax and James Sebenius call this the "negotiator 's dilemma." It is similar to the "prisoners '
dilemma" in game theory, because this is a way of using rational choice and strategic thinking to describe situations. In a book written by D. Lax and J.
Sebenius The Manager as Negotiator: The Negotiator 's Dilemma: Creating and Claiming Value, the authors argue that negotiation includes both
cooperative and competitive elements, and that these elements exist in tension. The dilemma in this situation is in deciding whether to pursue a
cooperative or a competitive strategy. The authors suggest several strategies to resolve this dilemma, and how to encourage cooperative approaches to
creating mutually beneficial outcomes. Conflict analysts tend to view negotiations either as a matter of cooperating to create value, or as a matter of
competing to claim values. In the value–creating view, negotiators work primarily to increase the available resources, to find joint gains or "win–win"
solutions,

Hezbollah: Relationship Between Lebanon And Israel
The terrorist organization Hezbollah has a short history but the relationship between Lebanon and Israel has been unstable and destructive since their
inception in 1982. From the time of their existence, Hezbollah's focus has been to eliminate Israel and drive out western imperialism in Lebanon. They
have been involved with two wars with Israel and countless acts of violence and terror against other nations. In addition, they do not recognize Israel as
a legitimate state. The Council on Foreign Relations states, "Hezbollah emerged during Lebanon's fifteen–year–long civil war (1975–1990) in the
aftermath of Israel's invasion in 1982 and subsequent occupation". Once Hezbollah was established, the Iranian Revolutionary Guard provided financial
and political aid, sanctuary, training, and thousands of soldiers to assist with Hezbollah's main objective – "to establish an Islamic government across
the Arab world that will liberate Jerusalem and the entire area of the present–day State of Israel." Hezbollah also wanted to adopt the ideologies of the
Iranian Revolution, which is a combination of nationalism, political populism, and Shia Islamic religious radicalism. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
For example, in 1983, to show allegiance to Iran, Hezbollah coordinated two suicide attacks on the U.S. Embassy and Marine barracks in Beirut. Seven
months after U.S. troops withdrew from Lebanon, another attack occurred in Beirut at an U.S. Embassy annex. Because of these deadly attacks and the
continued anti–Israel strikes, they were able to gain momentum and support from Iran and Syria, and they became a dominating militia force, especially
against a large army such as

Refugees In Lebanon
I must say I was pleasantly surprised about the reporting on refugees in Lebanon. Going into this project I was expecting that the reporting would
extremely one–side and filled with propaganda. However, the reporting was reasonably objective and even had some properties of Peace Journalism.
Nonetheless, there were aspects of the reporting that needed to be changed to make it more aligned with Peace Journalism. The articles found in the
Executive Magazine were more of a traditional journalism, however it wasn't as blatant as some reporting that we are familiar with here in the United
States of America; and this was one of the thing I found surprising.
There was one item form my coding list that all four articles that I reviewed had in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Of the 4 articles analyzed, only one reported the views and quotes from the refugees themselves. Which brings me to another peace journalism
violation; it was good to hear the views of refugees themselves, however it was done in an irresponsible way because the reporter lister the person's
name, age address and even went as far as to post a picture of the refugees. Peace Journalism explains that anonymity is important when dealing with
refugees and reporters must be careful with how they report interviews and quotes from these victims.
As consumers of popular western media, one word that we have become accustomed to hearing when reporting on refugees is "burden." This was
also very popular in the Lebanese newspapers, and appeared repeatedly in 3 of the stories that I analyzed. "Much of the burden for responding to the
crisis has fallen on the international community" (Dyke and Rasamny, 2013). "We all recognize the burden on neighboring countries from the influx of
Syrian refugees" (Elali, 2014). "Lebanon is bearing the burden of the events in Syria" (Now, 2013). These three quotes highlight how the word burden
is used when reporting about refugees, this cause the readers to subconsciously view refugees in a negative way, assuming that noting good can come
from having them in the country. To make this even worse, none of the stories that I analyzed made mention

Deniro's Game Rawi Hage Character Analysis
The Lebanese vocation of Christian Empowerment The novel, DeNiro's Game, by Rawi Hage, takes place in Lebanon, presumably during the 80s,
when the Lebanese Civil War was prominent in the country. In previous years, the majority of the Lebanese population were Christian, therefore they
were empowered more control within the government. The Muslims were discontent with this, and demanded a shift in power, as they were desperate
to overturn the sovereignty of the Christians. Due to their conflicting beliefs, the Muslims resorted to violence in order to fulfill their demands,
initiating the civil war in 1975 amidst the two conflicting religions. After fifteen years of perpetual warfare, and over one hundred and twenty thousand
casualties, the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is justified by the Christian genocide of Muslim refugee camps, the Christian conquering of Muslim communities, and the Christian's displacement
of Muslim soldiers from their land. In the novel, the Christians demonstrate their authority and power in their massacre of numerous Muslim civilians.
The Christians are vicious and relentless in their murders, eager to assert themselves as the more dominant force. George is reminiscent on a particular
massare, explaining to Bassam his exhilaration and excitement upon the murdering of many Muslim civilians, "We moved like thunder toward the
Sabra and Shatilla refugee camps... So we Killed! We Killed! People were shot at random, entire families killed at dinner tables"(Hage 175). In
addition, the Christians proclaim their power over the Muslims, evidenced by the capture of Muslim settlements. Abour–Nahra, a prominent militia
leader, proclaims his power by leading the capture of Muslim settlements, justifying his significant power by asserting his influence over the Muslims.
This is evident as the main character elucidates upon the Christian's seizing "[the] Kurdish town [which] had been conquered and demolished by the
Christians... It was here that Abou–Nahra had stormed the camp, killed the men and pulled out their golden teeth" (Hage 71). Lastly, the Christians
declare their authority

Withdrawal Of The Syrian Refugee Crisis
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This policy memo addresses the current possible U.S. options to the Syrian refugee crisis. I have identified three different options: Increase Syrian
refugee resettlement commitments, establish safe zones in northern Syria, or seal the Syrian border. As conditions continue to deteriorate inSyria and
the number of refugees continues to increase, it is critical that you strengthen the U.S. position in the country of Syria. The establishment of safe zones
would align our moral, strategic, and diplomatic interests more than any other possible policy. Half of the electorate or more wants refugees to
establish safe homelands near or in their country, if possible, reducing the perceived risk of increasing potential terrorism in the United States, the
notion grounded in reality or not. Also, historically, refugees have been allowed safe harbor in United States and we could continue in such tradition, in
the safest possible way.
BACKGROUND
The conflict in Syria between the government of Bashar al–Assad and various other forces, which started in the spring of 2011, continues to cause
displacement within the country and across the region. By the end of 2014, approximately 7.6 million people were internally displaced and 3.7
million Syrians had fled the country since the start of the conflict. Over 21.5 million people, or half of the country's pre–war population, have been
displaced. The refugee situation is urgent, and it has placed an enormous burden on

Hezbollah Causes
Hezbollah is a Shia militia in southern Lebanon that aims to destroy Israel in order to help spread Pan–Islam throughout the Middle East, get the
Palestinians that are taking their land out of Lebanon, and repay the Israelis for their abusive occupation. Hezbollah's actions are inspired by the
principles of Shia islam that make the militiamen willing to die to become a martyr and to better Islam. Although Hezbollah is in Lebanon, it is largely
an extension of Iran, who began funding them after their Islamic revolution in 1979. Before the Iranian revolution, Hezbollah had only begun to form
but had not yet occupied a large presence in Lebanon. The formation of Hezbollah began with Israel and King Hussein's joint effort to kick the PLO out
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
At the battle of Karbala, Hussein and all of his family members were slaughtered, but they died in honor, and were all known as martyrs. Shia
muslims today wish that they could have been on that battlefield and could have died fighting for Islam. At the ceremony of Ashura that
commemorates the battle of Karbala, men and young boys crack their heads open and parade for hours while tapping their heads. The immense
blood loss causes them to feel an intense and sedated happiness, with the rapid release of endorphins and serotonin. To Shia muslims, this indicates
that hey have gone to heaven. To them, the intense happiness that they feel as blood flows from their heads marks God coming down, and them
getting to feel what heaven is like. This incredible feeling, along with the honor of being a martyr, is why the Shia members of Hezbollah are so
willing to die for Islam. With no other options to resort to, many suicide bombings were executed as Shia muslims wanted to help the cause of
Islam–and its pre–destination–and become a martyr, which would give their family much honor. Also, they will be able to have the intense happiness
of heaven that they experience during Ashura after dying for Islam. These suicide bombings caused the death of hundreds of Israelis at the expense of
only one Hezbollah militiaman, which enabled Hezbollah to

Ethnic And Religious Division Of The Lebanese Civil War
In this day and age, we find ourselves at odds with our "identity" as we find that not only are we representing ourselves, but we also have ties to
religion, sect, tribe, and family (Angrist). This shows that despite the cohesiveness and threads that attach us, it has the power to pull people, families,
and in some cases countries apart. This conflict comes to a head when religion and ethnicity are interwoven. Hence when divisions occur, this can lead
to violent wars that destroy trust between individuals. This can ingrain a sense of uneasiness and distrust that plagues people's ideas and leaves a
country divided. This is particularly evident in Lebanon. Ethnic and religious division led to the festering of feelings of marginalization and
discrimination, which boiled over into the Lebanese civil war, a war that claimed the lives of 150,000 people (Szekely). The anger and frustration
birthed from this to chaos, and conflict has in turn increased the division between ethnic and religious factions and led to the crumbling of Lebanese
nationalism. This essay is specifically aimed at assessing the relationships between ethnic and religious divisions in Lebanon and explores how it
contributed to the civil war. This is done by identifying and analyzing the main actors and makes an explanation of the historical divisions stemming
from the National Pact, branching out to include the consequences of the civil war on the political structures and the identities of the

Hezbollalah Conflict
Many have heard of terrorism in the Middle East, and all of the conflict that it has caused. There are many terrorist groups who seek to promote
terrorism and convert people to radical Islam. However, many would have not expected Hezbollah, an organization that formed in the 1980s to
remove oppressive Israeli troops from Lebanon and also had financial support from the Iranian government, to supposedly become one of the Middle
East's worst terrorists, and also to become one of the biggest players in the Arab–Israeli conflict and cause huge political sway.
Hezbollah, "the Party of God", is an organization fraught with Shia Muslims, which are currently indubitably in power in the Middle East and is
subsequently popular due to the fact that they ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For the Israelites, it is to get groups like Hezbollah, which are perceived by them to be terrorists, to make peace with them and to terminate any more
acts of terrorism. However, Hezbollah believes in something quite different. They believe that the state of Israel should be destroyed in the name of
their God, even calling themselves, "the Party of God". While many in the Middle East, especially in Syria, who the militarized Hezbollah is fighting
alongside, and in Lebanon, where they are greatly supported due to the fact that many Palestinian refugees reside there, even giving the party the
ability to veto (2008) and block the election of a new president. But in Israel, the United States, and sometimes even by other Muslims, they are thought
up to be a terrorist organization who are using the name of God to commit these acts of terrorism.
With the acts of terrorism, conflicting views, and tremendous complexity in this whole ordeal, the future is somewhat hazy, but not completely
unpredictable. In the near future, there is a high probability that Hezbollah will attack Israel, seeing how one of their commanders was recently
assassinated. The Israelites are also prone to not give up either. Even though they vouch for peace, it is still likely that a conflict will occur between
the two of them. It may be years, or even decades

The Conflict Between Syria And Lebanon
Syria and Lebanon are two dramatically different states with a deeply intertwined history. They were both born out of French interventionism following
World War 1, and have experienced complex and strained relations ever since. The two nations have both experienced prodigious political turmoil since
gaining their independence, with both suffering from civil wars and conflict with their mutual neighbor, Israel. The war and turmoil that has plagued
these two countries can be traced back to various competing national interests, as well as a struggle for regional power. The various religious groups in
the area have historically formed transnational advocacy networks with the intent of influencing regional politics. These groups have proved to of been
a major factor in the history of both nations.
With the end of World War One and the fall of the Ottoman Empire, the allied powers in Europe were left in control of the Ottoman territory in the
Middle East. The nation of France was left in control of the area now known as Syria and Lebanon. The French Mandate of Syria and Lebanon, which
was formalized in 1922, officially made France responsible for creating the two states and preparing them for self–governance (Kjeilen). By 1943 both
nations had achieved their independence from France, and they agreed to a tentative mutual security agreement. However relations between the two
nations remained strained. While the governments of both nations were unified in their opposition to

Lebanon Research Paper
Lebanese emigrated for so many different reasons that depend on the individuals. For some Lebanese they depart for economic reasons; they leave
from Lebanon to work, and think to come with good money, but they stay emigrated because they get used to their new life outside of Lebanon.
Lebanon is a small country, the citizens are growing dramatically, there are not enough jobs for everyone; so they are forced to leave the country to
look for jobs. According to Pearlman, the Crown Junior Chair in Middle East Studies and Assistant Professor of Political Science at Northwestern
University, "Destination countries vary in three dimensions that interact to affect migrants' connectedness to their home countries: resources,
integration, and proximity" (107). The individuals emigrates because they want to... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
United Emirates opens great job opportunity for Lebanese, if they have a college degree. Some emigrated because of religions, because they felt that
they are losing power toward the other religious sects, they want to be understood and live in peace with others. Especially during the civil wars, when
the Syrian tried to conquer Lebanon, they separated the religions into groups. Some emigrated for education, because of the school system in Lebanon
is hard, and the high cost of universities in Lebanon. The people who immigrated to other countries will combine the cultures of the two countries, and
will understand the diversities of these countries.In my situation, I emigrated from Lebanon in 2006 with my family for a better educational system in
the United States. In 2004, my father and my brother left Lebanon before us to find a house, job, and settle before the rest of the family came to the
United States. My brother came with my dad, because he was 17 years old and if he waited until he came with us, he would have to do separate
paperwork, which would take

The Relations Between Syria And Lebanon
The post 9/11 world has bought about huge changes throughout the Middle East and many countries are experiencing challenges unprecedented since
the end of the Second World War. United States foreign policy, the rise of Islamic fundamentalism, and the geopolitical struggle between Iran and Saudi
Arabia throughout the Middle East has made the region politically unstable and ripe with conflict and human suffering. This dire situation is a great
example of how interconnected the relationships of Middle Eastern countries are and how these relations often disseminate out and affect the region as
a whole. As such, an analysis of the bilateral relations between two Middle Eastern countries allows us to partly understand how, when given historical
context, this situation came to be and what factors influence these relationships.
The bilateral relationship between Syria and Lebanon provides a great and unique analysis of the factors that influence relationships between Middle
Eastern states because of their shared but complicated history. Both these countries used to be one in the same up until the early twentieth century and
their relations have gone through various evolutionary stages that have had a greater political impact on the region altogether. In this paper I will
examine the relationship between Syria and Lebanon and seek to explain the key factors that influence this relationship.
The current relationship between Syria and Lebanon has largely been defined by the civil war

Essay on Hezbollah: Lebanese Shiite Militia
To most of the world, Hezbollah is known as a Lebanese Shiite militia that takes an anti–western stance, and despises Israel and the United States. To
the Arabs, Hezbollah is known as a resistance group that provides socioeconomic and social services to Shiite communities is southern Lebanon.# The
group as been held accountable for several attacks against Israel and Western targets, but yet provides social services in Lebanon by running hospitals,
schools, orphanages, and media outlets. It has adopted the strategy of constantly altering public opinion by using a mixture of political and ideological
agendas.# The group has adopted the strategy it has in order to continue growing and to remain relevant in both Lebanon and the global sphere, ... Show
Iran gave direct support to Hezbollah through the Iranian Revolutionary Guards. Hezbollah opposed Lebanon because it was supported by Israel and
the United States, and in 1985 it issued its political agenda through the "Open Letter to the Downtrodden in Lebanon and in the World."# In 1989, the
Taif Accord emerged and the Lebanese Civil War ended in 1990 when Syrian troops moved into parts of Lebanon that were not occupied by Israel. The
Taif Accord balanced powers between Christians and Muslims in Lebanon, and overall tried to maneuver equality amongst both groups although Sunni
elites were given the dominant role. After the Taif Accord, economic conditions continued to worsen and many began to underestimate the ability of
Syria to control Lebanon. Syria then made the strategic move to promote Rafiq al–Hariri in 1992 to rescue Lebanon from its eventual demise. Hariri
was able to boost the economy and revive morale in the Sunni communities. By the 1990s Hariri was capable of governing Lebanon independent of
Syria. This began a decline of Syrian support for him, and a decline of Sunni dominance. After Hariri's assassination in 2005, Syria was able to grasp
control of Lebanon once more, and enabled Hezbollah to demonstrate a larger role. First existing as a revolutionary Islamist movement,

Syrian Refugees During The Syrian Civil War

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