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Periodic table1
1. 9.17.00 1:37 PM3.3 Periodic Table
3.3 The Periodic Table3.3 The Periodic Table
and the Elementsand the Elements
Dr. Fred Omega GarcesDr. Fred Omega Garces
Chemistry 100Chemistry 100
Miramar CollegeMiramar College
2. 9.17.00 1:37 PM3.3 Periodic Table
The Periodic Table and the ElementsThe Periodic Table and the Elements
What is the periodic table ?What is the periodic table ?
What information is obtained from the table ?What information is obtained from the table ?
How can elemental properties be predicted base on the PT ?How can elemental properties be predicted base on the PT ?
3. 9.17.00 1:37 PM3.3 Periodic Table
Dmitri MendeleevDmitri Mendeleev (1869)(1869)
In 1869 Mendeleev and Lothar Meyer (Germany)In 1869 Mendeleev and Lothar Meyer (Germany)
published nearly identical classification schemespublished nearly identical classification schemes
for elements known to date. The periodic table isfor elements known to date. The periodic table is
base on the similarity of properties and reactivitiesbase on the similarity of properties and reactivities
exhibited by certain elements. Later, Henriexhibited by certain elements. Later, Henri
Moseley ( England,1887-1915) established thatMoseley ( England,1887-1915) established that
each elements has a unique atomic number, whicheach elements has a unique atomic number, which
is how the current periodic table is organized.is how the current periodic table is organized.
http://www.chem.msu.su/eng/misc/mendeleev/welcome.html
4. 9.17.00 1:37 PM3.3 Periodic Table
The Periodic TableThe Periodic Table
A map of the building block of matter.
1
IA
18
VIIIA
1
1
H
1.00797
2
IIA
Periodic Table 13
IIIA
14
IVA
15
VA
16
VIA
17
VIIA
2
He
4.0026
2
3
Li
6.939
4
Be
9.0122
5
B
10.811
6
C
12.0112
7
N
14.0067
8
O
15.9994
9
F
18.9984
10
Ne
20.179
3
11
Na
22.9898
12
Mg
24.305
3
IIIB
4
IVB
5
VB
6
VIB
7
VIIB
8 9
VIIIB
10 11
IB
12
IIB
13
Al
26.9815
14
Si
28.086
15
P
30.9738
16
S
32.064
17
Cl
35.453
18
Ar
39.948
4
19
K
39.102
20
Ca
40.08
21
Sc
44.956
22
Ti
47.90
23
V
50.942
24
Cr
51.996
25
Mn
54.9380
26
Fe
55.847
27
Co
58.9332
28
Ni
58.71
29
Cu
63.54
30
Zn
65.37
31
Ga
65.37
32
Ge
72.59
33
As
74.9216
34
Se
78.96
35
Br
79.909
36
Kr
83.80
5
37
Rb
85.47
38
Sr
87.62
39
Y
88.905
40
Zr
91.22
41
Nb
92.906
42
Mo
95.94
43
Tc
[99]
44
Ru
101.07
45
Rh
102.905
46
Pd
106.4
47
Ag
107.870
48
Cd
112.40
49
In
114.82
50
Sn
118.69
51
Sb
121.75
52
Te
127.60
53
I
126.904
54
Xe
131.30
6
55
Cs
132.905
56
Ba
137.34
57
La
138.91
72
Hf
178.49
73
Ta
180.948
74
W
183.85
75
Re
186.2
76
Os
190.2
77
Ir
192.2
78
Pt
195.09
79
Au
196.967
80
Hg
200.59
81
Tl
204.37
82
Pb
207.19
83
Bi
208.980
84
Po
[210]
85
At
[210]
86
Rn
[222]
7
87
Fr
[223]
88
Ra
[226]
89
Ac
[227]
104
Ku
[260]
105 106 107 108 109
http://www.chemsoc.org/viselements/pages/periodic_table.html
5. 9.17.00 1:37 PM3.3 Periodic Table
Periodic Table Expanded ViewPeriodic Table Expanded View
The way the periodic table usually seenThe way the periodic table usually seen
is a compress view, placing theis a compress view, placing the
Lanthanides and actinides at theLanthanides and actinides at the
bottom of the stable.bottom of the stable.
The Periodic Table can be arrange byThe Periodic Table can be arrange by
subshells. The s-block is Group IA and &subshells. The s-block is Group IA and &
IIA, the p-block is Group IIIA - VIIIA. TheIIA, the p-block is Group IIIA - VIIIA. The
d-block is the transition metals, and the f-d-block is the transition metals, and the f-
block are the Lanthanides and Actinideblock are the Lanthanides and Actinide
metalsmetals
6. 9.17.00 1:37 PM3.3 Periodic Table
Periodic Table:Periodic Table: Metallic arrangementMetallic arrangement
Layout of the Periodic Table: Metals vs. nonmetals
1
IA
18
VIIIA
1
2
IIA
13
IIIA
14
IVA
15
VA
16
VIA
17
VIIA
2
3
3
IIIB
4
IVB
5
VB
6
VIB
7
VIIB
8 9
VIIIB
10 11
IB
12
IIB
4
5
6
7
MetalsMetals
NonmetalsNonmetals
7. 9.17.00 1:37 PM3.3 Periodic Table
Periodic Table: The three broad ClassesPeriodic Table: The three broad Classes
Main, Transition, Rare EarthMain, Transition, Rare Earth
Main (Representative), Transition metals, lanthanides and actinides (rare earth)
8. 9.17.00 1:37 PM3.3 Periodic Table
Reading the Periodic Table: ClassificationReading the Periodic Table: Classification
Nonmetals, Metals, Metalloids, Noble gases
9. 9.17.00 1:37 PM3.3 Periodic Table
Across the Periodic TableAcross the Periodic Table
Periods:Periods: Are arranged horizontally across theAre arranged horizontally across the
periodic table (rows 1-7)periodic table (rows 1-7)
These elements have the same number of valence shells.These elements have the same number of valence shells.1
IA
18
VIIIA
1
2
IIA
13
IIIA
14
IVA
15
VA
16
VIA
17
VIIA
2
3
3
IIIB
4
IVB
5
VB
6
VIB
7
VIIB
8 9
VIIIB
10 11
IB
12
IIB
4
5
6
7
2nd Period
6th Period
10. 9.17.00 1:37 PM3.3 Periodic Table
Down the Periodic TableDown the Periodic Table
Family:Family: Are arranged vertically down the periodic tableAre arranged vertically down the periodic table
(columns or group, 1- 18 or 1-8 A,B)(columns or group, 1- 18 or 1-8 A,B)
These elements have the same number electrons in the outer mostThese elements have the same number electrons in the outer most
shells, the valence shell.shells, the valence shell.
1
IA
18
VIIIA
1
2
IIA
13
IIIA
14
IVA
15
VA
16
VIA
17
VIIA
2
3
3
IIIB
4
IVB
5
VB
6
VIB
7
VIIB
8 9
VIIIB
10 11
IB
12
IIB
4
5
6
7
Alkali Family:
1 e- in the valence shell
Alkali Family:
1 e- in the valence shell
Halogen Family:
7 e- in the valence shell
Halogen Family:
7 e- in the valence shell
11. 9.17.00 1:37 PM3.3 Periodic Table
Infamous Families of the Periodic TableInfamous Families of the Periodic Table
Notable families of the Periodic Table and some important members:
1
IA
18
VIIIA
1
2
IIA
13
IIIA
14
IVA
15
VA
16
VIA
17
VIIA
2
3
3
IIIB
4
IVB
5
VB
6
VIB
7
VIIB
8 9
VIIIB
10 11
IB
12
IIB
4
5
6
7
Alkali
Alkaline
(earth)
Transition MetalsTransition Metals
Noble GasNoble Gas
HalogenHalogen
ChalcogensChalcogens
12. 9.17.00 1:37 PM3.3 Periodic Table
1
IA
18
VIIIA
1
2
IIA
13
IIIA
14
IVA
15
VA
16
VIA
17
VIIA
2
3
3
IIIB
4
IVB
5
VB
6
VIB
7
VIIB
8 9
VIIIB
10 11
IB
12
IIB
4
5
6
7
Important members - the ElementsImportant members - the Elements
Individual members of selected Elements & their characteristicsIndividual members of selected Elements & their characteristics
H He
Li
Na
K Ca
Mg
Fe
I
Cl
F
P SSi
ONC
Al
ZnCu
Ag
Br
13. 9.17.00 1:37 PM3.3 Periodic Table
Periodic TablePeriodic Table
ee--
configuration from the periodic periodic tableconfiguration from the periodic periodic table
(To be covered in future chapters)
B
2p1
1
IA
18
VIIIA
1
2
IIA
13
IIIA
14
IVA
15
VA
16
VIA
17
VIIA
2
3
3
IIIB
4
IVB
5
VB
6
VIB
7
VIIB
8 9
VIIIB
10 11
IB
12
IIB
4
5
6
7
H
1s1
Li
2s1
Na
3s1
K
4s1
Rb
5s1
Cs
6s1
Fr
7s1
Be
2s2
Mg
3s2
Ca
4s2
Sr
5s2
Ba
6s2
Ra
7s2
Sc
3d1
Ti
3d2
V
3d3
Cr
4s1
3d5
Mn
3d5
Fe
3d6
Co
3d7
Ni
3d8
Zn
3d10
Cu
4s1
3d10
B
2p1
C
2p2
N
2p3
O
2p4
F
2p5
Ne
2p6
He
1s2
Al
3p1
Ga
4p1
In
5p1
Tl
6p1
Si
3p2
Ge
4p2
Sn
5p2
Pb
6p2
P
3p3
As
4p3
Sb
5p3
Bi
6p3
S
3p4
Se
4p4
Te
5p4
Po
6p4
Cl
3p5
Be
4p5
I
5p5
At
6p5
Ar
3p6
Kr
4p6
Xe
5p6
Rn
6p6
Y
4d1
La
5d1
Ac
6d1
Cd
4d10
Hg
5d10
Ag
5s1
4d10
Au
6s1
5d10
Zr
4d2
Hf
5d2
Rf
6d2
Nb
4d3
Ta
5d3
Db
6d3
Mo
5s1
4d5
W
6s1
5d5
Sg
7s1
6d5
Tc
4d5
Re
5d5
Bh
6d5
Ru
4d6
Os
5d6
Hs
6d6
Rh
4d7
Ir
5d7
Mt
6d7
Ni
4d8
Ni
5d8
14. 9.17.00 1:37 PM3.3 Periodic Table
Periodic Table: electron behaviorPeriodic Table: electron behavior
The periodic table can be classified by the behavior of their electrons
1
IA
18
VIIIA
1
2
IIA
13
IIIA
14
IVA
15
VA
16
VIA
17
VIIA
2
3
3
IIIB
4
IVB
5
VB
6
VIB
7
VIIB
8 9
VIIIB
10 11
IB
12
IIB
4
5
6
7
West (South) Mid-plains East (North)
METALS
Alkali
Alkaline
Transition
METALLOID NON-METALS
Noble gas
Halogens
Calcogens
These elements
tend to give up
e-
and form
CATIONS
These elements
will give up e-
or
accept e-
These elements
tend to accept
e-
and form
ANIONS
15. 9.17.00 1:37 PM3.3 Periodic Table
2. Trend in2. Trend in Atomic RadiusAtomic Radius
Atomic Radius:Atomic Radius:
The size of at atomic specie as
determine by the boundaries of the
valence e-. Largest atomic species
are those found in the SW corner
since these atoms have the largest n,
but the smallest Zeff.
16. 9.17.00 1:37 PM3.3 Periodic Table
3. Trend in3. Trend in Ionization PotentialIonization Potential
Ionization potential:Ionization potential:
The energy required to remove the
valence electron from an atomic
specie. Largest toward NE corner of
PT since these atoms hold on to their
valence e- the tightest.
17. 9.17.00 1:37 PM3.3 Periodic Table
4. Trend in4. Trend in Electron AffinityElectron Affinity
Electron Affinity:Electron Affinity:
The energy release
when an electron is
added to an atom.
Most favorable
toward NE corner of
PT since these atoms
have a great affinity
for e-.
18. 9.17.00 1:37 PM3.3 Periodic Table
Summary of TrendSummary of Trend
Periodic Table and Periodic Trends
1. Electron Configuration
2. Atomic Radius: Largest toward SW corner of PT2. Atomic Radius: Largest toward SW corner of PT
3. Ionization Energy: Largest toward NE of PT3. Ionization Energy: Largest toward NE of PT
4. Electron Affinity: Most favorable NE of PT4. Electron Affinity: Most favorable NE of PT
19. 9.17.00 1:37 PM3.3 Periodic Table
SummarySummary
Periodic TablePeriodic Table: Map of the Building block of matter
TypeType: Metal, metalloid and Nonmetal
Groupings: Representative or main, transition and
Lanthanide/Actanides
FamilyFamily: Elements in the same column have similar
chemical property because of similar valence
electrons
Alkali, Alkaline, chalcogens, halogens, noble gases
PeriodPeriod:: Elements in the same row have valence
electrons in the same shell.
