Origins Of Sexual Orientation

Origins Of Sexual Orientation
One of many debatable topics nationwide today are the origins of sexual orientation. According to the Planned Parenthood Federation of America, a
leading sexual and reproductive health care advocate and provider, sexual orientation is the "gender(s) someone is sexually and/or romantically
attracted to" (What is Sexual Orientation?). Society classifies people who only seek the opposite sex as heterosexuals and those who adore the same
sex, as homosexuals. But what comes to your mind when you think of the reason for their preference(s)? Do you think that people are influenced by
society alone or can biological factors be accounted for and proved? Many people all over the world are intolerable of the idea that men and women do
not choose their ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He also includes adopted brothers into the study to prove that although influences play a supporting role, they do not determine one's sexual
orientation. For instance, Glaude includes "Twenty percent of brothers of male homosexuals were also homosexual, compared with only 4% of
brothers of heterosexuals... Bailey and Pillard' found that 52% (29/56) of the identical twins of gay males were also gay... In contrast, only 22% (12
/54) of DZ twins of gay males were gay, and a mere 11% of 57 adoptive brothers of gay men were also gay" (150). This previous study contributes to
Gladue's hypothesis that homosexuality has a genetic (biological) connection to sexual orientation since the I nfluence alone, previously studied in
heterosexual brothers, did not prove to be higher in percentage compared to those who were classified as fraternal or identical twins. However, this
study was not the only one performed in order to prove his
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Sexual Orientation Influence
The study of the development of sexual orientation has transformed greatly in the past few decades. Beliefs such as homosexual attraction being a
choice and homosexuality being the result of faulty psychological development caused by sexual abuse and other troubling childhood experiences
have been labelled as prejudice, incorrect and have been discarded by most scientists. But what does cause a person to develop one sexual orientation
over another? The truth is that the exact causes for the development of a particular sexual orientation have not been discovered yet. A lot of research
has been conducted to determine the influence of genetics, hormones, development, and social and cultural influences. These studies have led many to
believe that biology and environment play a complex role in forming a person's sexual preference. This goes along with what has been discussed in
class regarding nature vs. nurture; what determines sexual orientation more than likely lies somewhere on the spectrum between the two extremes of
nature and nurture.
There is strong evidence of the role of genes in the determining of sexual orientation. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Fetal hormones may be seen as either the primary influence on sexual orientation or as a co–factor interacting with genes or the environment,
according to Simon LeVay. The exact hormones and what levels needed are unclear, but current scientific studies point to the same hormones that assist
in sexual differentiation, namely testosterone and DHT (LeVay, 2011). Support for this comes from the fact that the brain structures of homosexuals
differ from their same–sex heterosexual counterparts. According to LeVay's study, gay men and straight women have, on average, equally proportioned
brain hemispheres. Lesbian women and straight men, on the other hand, have slightly larger right brain

The Psychology Of Sexual Orientations
The Psychology of Sexual Orientations Throughout the history of humans, people have been having sex. It's obviously necessary for the continuation
of humans as a species. But it definitely hasn't been for just reproductive purposes. People have been engaging in same–gender sex for probably as long
as humans have been around. However, the terms we think of today when we think of different sexual orientations didn't get coined until the 19th and
20th centuries. And with these terms came huge stigma that still exists today. There are many different sexual orientations that people identify as
(including heterosexuality, homosexuality, bisexuality, as well as many others); the orientations that do not coincide with what people viewed as
normal were originally given classification as mental disorders.
The most common sexual orientation, regardless of culture, is heterosexuality. This is defined as a sexual orientation in which an individual is
generally sexually attracted to members of the opposite sex. A Centers for Disease Control national survey "reported that the percentage of Americans
who identify themselves as heterosexual was 90 percent for men and women" (King, 2011, p. 363). This orientation is also considered by many people,
cultures and religion throughout history and into the present as being the "normal" and "natural" orientation, with the idea that any deviation from
heterosexuality is unnatural, a choice, and a thing that needs to be corrected. This belief,

Persuasive Essay On Sexual Orientation
Love is a tricky topic. Many have been persecuted because of who they have loved. A common debate in society is that sexual orientation is a choice.
Nurture will say that the environment around a person plays a role, and nature will say that sexual orientation has to do with science. The nurture
argument is a common viewpoint because many can never imagine liking the same–sex, but then why is the nature viewpoint scientifically backed up?
Before jumping into each argument, sexual orientation needs to be defined. "Sexual orientation is about who you're attracted to and want to have
relationships with," according to Planned Parenthood (Parenthood). Sexual orientation is not the same as gender identity. Sexual orientation has to do
with who a person is attracted to, and gender identity is about what gender a person identifies with. There are many different labels that people put on
people who have a different sexual orientation than what is considered the common, which is a heterosexual relationship. The most common two are
gays for men who like men, and lesbians who are women that like women. There are also people who identify as bisexual meaning they like both
male and female. Another group that has a different sexual orientation is people who are attracted to more than just the average male and female, they
can be attracted to basically anyone, which includes people who are transgender, genderqueer, or intersex. They are named pansexual or queer. Lastly,
there are people

Sexual Orientation
Backgrounds of sexual orientation have made an attempt to be defined with natural and environmental principles, though none is adequate to describe
the cause. Sexual orientation has been accredited to changes in construction and purpose of the brain, precisely in hypothalamus of straight and gay
men (LeVay, 1991). Though the exploration doesn't find the hypothalamus as the cause ofsexual orientation, it does specify the existence of natural
influence initiating the sexual orientation. Numerous other studies relating to the left or right–handedness, faint noises in ear in response to clicking
sounds, degree of equilibrium between brain hemispheres, and neural connections distinguishes gays from heterosexual men and women based on
natural difference ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Thus, cultural competence can be shown by demonstrating that as a counselor, you are familiar with the cultural and religious worldview of both
Steve and Nadia. Based on the American Psychological Association, therapist must abide by "Boundaries of Competencies: when working with clients
who have a diverse background. (Standard 2.01, APA, 2002). In addition, the American Association of Marriage and Family Therapist (AAMF, 2005)
hold that couples and/or members of the family unity listen to the feelings of other

Sexual Orientation And The Struggle For Equality
Isidore E. Sharpe
Professor Kenneth Yelverton
SSC – 101
April 13, 2016
Sexual Orientation and the
Struggle for Equality The world is full of all type of discrimination, Racial Discrimination, Equal Rights among minorities, yet, the society struggles
with sexual orientation. Sexual orientation is the classification of individuals, such as heterosexual, bisexual, or homosexual based upon their emotional
and sexual attractions, relationships, self–identity, and behavior (Mooney, page 400). This sexual orientation is a global problem. It is illegal for a
males or females to be homosexual in the majority of the 86 countries in the United Nations (Ottosson 2008); these individuals can victim of criminal
punishment or corporal punishment for being

Sexual Orientation Paper
Results:
Sixty students completed a stereotype and prejudice survey measuring the amount of knowledge they have on identifying a person's sexual orientation
and why it is difficult for them to be open bout there sexual preferences in society. Students were asked background question in relation to age, gender,
and college year. When conducting this study a majority of participants where 19 years old. Also most of our respondents were female. The gender that
participated the most in the study were females which outnumbered men with women compiling 73.3% of the participants and males making up 26.7%
of the study. A majority of respondents were Latino/Hispanic 30 respondents, making up 65% of the survey. The rest of the respondents can be broken
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
People judged the images we provided in the survey without having any knowledge as to what was there sexual orientation of the people in the image.
Regardless of the extent to which social and biology influences one's sexual identity, lesbians, gays, and bisexuals should be afforded protection against
discrimination arising from their sexual orientation. Lack of adequate legal protection and support from state institutions to prevent discrimination and
violence against people based on their sexual orientation is therefore another issue that has to do with the protection afforded under international human
rights. If people fail to take into consideration things other than looks. It is also important to consider how events in society affect sexual prejudice.
Cultural shifts have facilitated individual attitude change, including reduced sexual prejudice among elites and even influencing the opinion of leaders.
Great strides have been taken toward expanding LGBT equality throughout the nation and around the globe as we achieved milestones on several
fronts. From the substantial increase of marriage equality states to the increase of workplace

Sexual Orientations Essay
Being sexual and romantic is the norm. Even now when other sexualities are more widely accepted you don't hear about romantic orientations. You
don't hear that your romantic orientation can be different from your sexual orientation. You don't hear that there are romantic orientations, each just
as diverse and varied as sexual orientations. You particularly do not hear about the lack of these seemingly intrinsic human traits. If you do hear
about them they tend to be caused by a health issue, or past trauma, abuse or a bad relationship. One of the only times I have seen an asexual couple
on TV ended with one lying and the other hand waved off with brain cancer. So we are liars, or sick, we get told to get our hormones checked, that we
haven't met... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For years I believed that. I tried to fit, knew I wasn't interested remotely in men so I assumed I was gay. I got into a relationship which ended rather
abruptly after our first kiss. Aren't kisses supposed to make your heart pound, make butterflies swim in your stomach? Well, this one did but for all
the wrong reasons. I felt nothing, maybe even vaguely repulsed at the sensations of someone else's lips on mine. In a panic I distanced myself from
her in a panic. I spent years not even letting myself think about sex, about relationships. I watched friends years younger than me make their first
attempts at dating, and helped them through those first break ups, first heart breaks. I never had that drive to date, when I pictured myself in a
relationship I felt nothing but a mix of boredom and vague distaste. Romantic movies bored me, the sex scenes nauseated me, perfectly good movies
would be ruined for me when romance or a love interest was brought in. Everything I saw told me I should be interested by these, seek them out even,
build a large part of my life around finding and thinking about them. Because I didn't I must be wrong, a late bloomer, traumatized, have a bad
experience,

Sexual Orientation : Sex And Gender
Today I will be weighing in on the essentialism vs constructioni^^^sm debate on sexual orientation. Before I proceed further I must define sexual
orientation which in turn needs me to define sex and gender.
What is sexual orientation?
There is the behavioral where one's sexual orientation is defined by the sex of the person that he or she has sex with. If one has sex with a person of
the same sex then they are homosexual and if they have sex with someone from the different sex then they are heterosexual. The problem with this
view is that someone who grew up in a culture where homosexuality is not allowed might repress their homosexual thoughts and get married and have
sex with someone from the opposite sex. By this definition they would be heterosexual but intuitively we'll know that they are homosexual.
A second definition lets a person identify their sexual orientation. This has the advantage that a person has more knowledge about themselves than other
people and should know where his sexual desires lie. The problem with this definition however is that in a repressive culture a person may convince
themselves that they are indeed heterosexual and push down their homosexual feelings.
The way I'll define sexual orientation is how a person would react in an ideal scenario if he had sexual freedom and could have sex with anyone he
likes. Although this is a better definition there is a slight problem in the fact that sometimes it is not possible to imagine ideal scenarios

Orientation Questionnaire For Sports Psychology
I recently took a Work Orientation Questionnaire for Sport Psychology. I scored highest on the work orientation, but I decided to research and talk
about mastery orientation. Even though mastery orientation was the lowest score of the three, I feel like I can relate a little bit more by viewing
the questions being asked within the Questionnaire. Readers, I am not disagreeing with the results of the quiz; however, I am expanding on an area
that personally fits me better. This is for people who are focused on developing and progressing skills, but also for gaining additional knowledge. If
readers are looking for a more descripted definition, it's best defined as using the goal of learning and mastering the task according to standards set by
you. Students find approval with the work and are not conflicted by external factors. These students also tend to participate in work or activities that
increase their learning, which involves more attention, collecting information at a higher level, and are open to asking questions.
I plan on being a basketball coach at the junior high or high school level. I want to talk to the readers about mastery orientation within sport
performance. Most players, regardless of sport, are ego–orientated people due to the theme of winning or success. Before I continue, I am not
suggesting that I prefer all my players to be just mastery oriented. I believe a positive ego oriented athlete can reflect positively and help with the
mastery oriented part.

The Sexual Orientation Of Parents
The sexual orientation of parents, once having a child, does not negatively affect the development of their children. In order to first be a parent, one
must obtain a child. However, in Florida, gay foster parents were not allowed to adopt the children they fostered due to the Gay Adoption Ban
(Goldberg). Homosexuals were not legally able to adopt a child at all until the forty year old ban was lifted July, 2015 by Governor Rick Scott
(Associated Press). "Prior to the lifting of the gay adoption ban, female same–sex couples could build their families via DI, as opposed to male couples,
whose reproductive options were more limited... surrogacy is very expensive" (Goldberg 117). Adoption is usually a first option for gay couples
due to the inability to reproduce through traditional means. The second, and much more expensive options are insemination for women, and
surrogacy for men. Without the option of adoption, many gay couples are not able to have the right to raise a child. Furthermore, the difficulties
homosexual couples have to acquire a child make it almost impossible to exercise that right. However, once having a child, he or she is cared for
just as any other heterosexual couple would care for a child. The development of children raised by homosexual couples is not significantly different
from that raised by heterosexual couples. "Children whose parents are gay or lesbian have no more problems with self–esteem, psychological
adjustment, intellectual capacity,

Sexual Orientation Is The Dominant, Or Normal, Sexual, And...
Introduction
Sexual orientationism is best described as discrimination or prejudice against homosexuals on the assumption that heterosexuality is the dominant, or
normal, sexual orientation. Within society there are many barriers, assumptions, and stigmas placed upon the queer community, numerous of which
steam from this heterosexist stance that has become the dominant ideology. This stance has historical significance in trauma, and oppression of those
within the sexual minority, and how this can play on representation.
Social Location
Because sexual orientationism, or homophobia, is something that is unconsciously encouraged since our youth by the media and its lack of
representation of the queer community, there is often a lot of work that has to be done internally in order to understand and accept homosexuality,
regardless of whether you identify with or simply wish to be an ally. My understanding of my privilege or oppression with sexual orientation comes
from many years of internally restructuring my own understanding of societal norms. I had a much easier time of accepting the community from my
mother who was always there to encourage my acceptance, and growth not only of, but within the community. As an individual who identifies as a
pansexual male, my deconstruction of what was proposed as the norm, and reconciling that with my own understanding of what I felt inside to be true
was fairly straight forward, but no less substantial. However, I do recognize my own

Orientation Vs Religion
Overtime, sexual orientation has been viewed differently across different cultures. Your sexual preferences should matter or define who you are as
an individuals. When you think of sexual orientation in a Christian household, you visualize a male and a female together. For some reason same
sex relationships are frowned upon. Some get disowned by their families or even get left on the streets to survive alone. It is sickening and disgusting
towards how people who are gay get treated by these people of the "Bible". I'm not too into religion because it's a very difficult thing to understand and
master. People shouldn't be criticized on viewed differently due to sexual orientation. Now in the U.S, gay marriage is legal but that doesn't change

Sexual Orientation And Homosexuality
said he was making unwanted advances at them. I do not believe that environmental surroundings or social settings play any role in determining sexual
orientation. While there may be an influencing atmosphere, I believe that it would have more of an impact on your personality and expression rather
than your actual sexual preference. I think that if you are gay, then you are born that way. There is no time in your life in which you sit down, weigh
the pros and cons, and then make the conscious decision of whether you want to be homosexual, bisexual, or heterosexual, that is just not plausible.
Sexual orientation is an aspect of life that is determined before birth. Through the research of LeVay, Grimbos, Ellis and Ames, it is sufficient to

Sexual orientation is the part of one's culture that defines whether one is heterosexual, homosexual, or bisexual. The United States has become more
open and accepting of others that are not heterosexual oriented and this, in turn, has caused this identity marker to become a more relevant part of
people's lives. Because homosexuality and bisexuality are just in the beginning stages of being culturally accepted, people who are heterosexual, or
straight, are more privileged and accepted. Any person that identifies as homosexual, bisexual, or transgender is part of the marginalized group and has
a harder time being culturally accepted and isn't as privileged.
As a religious, heterosexual female I have found that this identity marker is not one ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Because of the changes being made in the United States at this time, I know that my students will be aware of sexual orientation and I know that I may
have students whose parents may be homosexual. I plan to treat these families just as I would treat any other family, although I may have to
become more sensitive with my usage of words such as "mom" or "dad." I think that setting an example of being open and accepting is the first
thing that can be done in achieving equality for homosexuals. Gender is the part of culture in which one identifies themselves as a male or female.
This identity marker has drastically changed as genetically born women are identifying psychologically as men, men identify psychologically as
women, or some undergo surgery to alter their gender. The United States values a masculine man, and he is the one who receives the most
privileges. A feminine woman in the United States has been marginalized and historically has been less privileged. My gender has always been a big
part of who I am. I am a female and I enjoy doing stereotypical "girl" things. Although I consider myself feminine, I do not think that has ever held me
back from trying things that are more stereotypical "guy" things. I enjoy sports and outdoor activities just as much as I enjoy shopping and painting my

Reflection Of A Theoretical Orientation
A theoretical orientation is the model used to describe a client's behavior, tendencies and personality. Therapists can't approach and find explanations of
behavior or personality in the same manner due to the difference in client issues, diagnoses, and symptoms. Although different in nature each theoretical
orientation consists of the general themes that can be seen and utilized universally. As a counselor, it is important to develop and have sense of which
theoretical orientation works best for you and the type of clientele that you will be servicing. While it may be a challenge to pick one theoretical
orientation and stick to it due to the vast variety, it is important that you incorporate your background, values, religious beliefs, as well as a host of other
factors into your decision to ensure that that orientation can be utilized properly.
So what is theoretical orientation? First and foremost, in my opinion, your TO is one of the most important decisions you will make as a counselor. TO
provides the framework and guiding principles with regard to how a therapist will organize treatment, and provide the client with the necessary
information to have a positive and successful relationship and outcomes in counseling. TO assimilates different points of views into a cohesive
approach. TO consist of concepts, ideas, and insight into a clients behaviors and how to effectively deal with them based on past research and
outcomes. They provide understanding on how a person's

Sexual Orientation Definition
Sexual orientation mentions to a persistent pattern of expressive, passionate and or sexual attractions to males, females or equally to two genders. It
furthermore discusses to an individual's intelligence of individuality grounded on those fascinations, connected conducts and association in a
community of others who share those fascinations. Study over more than a few periods has established that sexual orientation ranges along a continuum,
from exclusive attraction to the other sex to exclusive attraction to the same sex. However, sexual orientation is usually discussed in terms of three
groups: heterosexual (with magnetisms to memberships of the other gender), gay or lesbian (fascinations of members of same gender), and bisexual.
This variety

Homosexuality And Sexual Orientation Paper
Sexuality has become a prominent issue in today's society as the world are becoming more liberated by educational and ethical discussion. In
Sociosexual orientation, homosexuality is one of the topic that has been most discussed. People have been actively seeking for answers for the question
– why are humans, or other animals, attracted to partner that has the same–sex of themselves; when there are no evolutionary implications yet.
Moreover, many others, especially the homosexuals, are repositioning to the question of how can they identify the seemingly minority when
heterosexuality has been historically predominant.
In the published research, Detection of Sexual Orientation ("Gaydar") by Homosexual and Heterosexual Women (2013), Lyons, Lynch, Brewer and
Bruno conducts empirical research on the ability to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This research also referenced numerous past researches on the judgement accuracy of sexuality and sexual orientation of different groups of people.
Since the introduction of homosexuality, researchers have found that gender typicality (masculinity in a female and femininity in male) has been a
leading trait to identify those who are not heterosexual.
This research consists two studies: the first experiment aims at investigating the homosexual women's ability of differentiating homosexual and
heterosexual males and females. The second experiment investigates the same ability but from the perspectives of both homosexual and heterosexual
women.
Researchers predicted that women, regardless of their sexual orientations, will be more accurate in rating target's orientation. In addition, homosexual
women will be more accurate in identifying their target's sexual orientation because of mating interest. All hypotheses have been supported by reference

Gender Orientation And Sexual Orientation
Did you know that gay men and lesbians do not choose their sexual orientation, but rather are born with it? There has been extensive research proving
that sexual orientation is caused by many biological factors, whereas there is no solid proof that social factors after birth affect sexual orientation
(Swaab, 2007, p. 442). Sexual orientation is already programmed into the brain, with the influence of sex hormones and genes, before a child is
even born. The development of sexual orientation is caused by sex hormones, genes, and the brain, which then cause differences in the anatomical
body (LeVay, 2011, p.271). Firstly, sex hormones that mainly influence a person's sexual orientation are the levels of testosterone during critical
periods of prenatal development (LeVay, 2011, p. 132). If androgen insensitivity syndrome occurs in individuals with XY chromosomes, the gene
coding for the androgen receptor is mutated, causing the receptor to either barely function, or not at all (LeVay, 2011, p. 137). This causes their body
to not respond to testosterone, so they begin to develop physically as a female. From here on, they are usually raised as girls, and they develop an
attraction to males, as well a feminine–typical traits.
A condition that can occur in females is called Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia, which is when there are above normal amounts of prenatal testosterone
and androgens, which causes a female to grow up with masculinized traits (LeVay, 2011, p. 134). A majority

The Concept Of Sexual Orientation
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to synthesize and critically evaluate the concept of sexual orientation, especially as it is studied and presented in large,
population–based and school–based adolescent survey literature. Specifically, the study examined methodology and instrumentation used for the
assessment and measurement of youth sexual orientation present in refereed literature. Of the forty–eight empirical studies, five included items that
assessed all three dimensions of sexual orientation. The majority of studies used surveys that exclusively assessed sexual orientation identity (n = 30;
63%). The majority of those surveys provided between four and six identity response options with parenthetical descriptions, including the ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(World Health Organization, 2006)
Sexual orientation involves an individual's sexual attraction, identity, arousals, fantasies, and behaviors towards persons of the same sex, other sex, or
both sexes (Bell, Weinberg, & Hammersmith, 1981; LeVay & Valente, 2006; LeVay & Baldwin, 2012), and is dynamic (not static) in nature (Klein,
Sepekoff, & Wolf, 1985; Berkey, Perelman–Hall, & Kurdek, 1990). Health researchers have proposed that sexual orientation is a multi–dimensional
aspect of a person's identity that consists of at least three dimensions existing on a continuum (Sell, 1997): sexual orientation identity, sexual attraction,
and sexual behavior (Sell & Petrulio, 1996; Laumann et al., 1994; Hughes & Eliason, 2002; Solarz, 1999; Savin–Williams, 2006).
Sexual Orientation Identity. One of the earliest sexual orientation identity classification schemes proposed in the 1860s (Sell, 2007) consisted of three
categories: Dionings (heterosexual), Urnings (homosexual), and Uranodionings (bisexual). Homosexual women (Urningins) and heterosexual women
(Dioningins) maintained separate categories from men (Sell, 2007). Sexual orientation identity can be described as an individual's conception of his or
her own sexuality (Cass, 1984; Coker, Austin, & Schuster, 2010). Heterosexual (straight), homosexual (gay and lesbian), and

Sexual Orientation: Is Homosexuality Or A Choice?
As time develops the debate of sexual orientation, more so being "gay" has become a popular topic to discuss. The common question that many ask
is whether your born gay or if it's a choice. For some that answer is yes, for me the answer is no because I definitely don't think it is. Some answer
yes with the fear of openly being homosexual and admitting they have chosen to be gay. Sexual Orientation is defined as a person's sexual identity in
relation to the gender to which they are attracted; the fact of being heterosexual, homosexual, or bisexual. Homosexuality is present in at least 10
percent of the human population. Do you think sexual orientation is determined at birth? Imagine your first day out of your mother's womb and
someone telling you, that you were gay. The more you think about it, the more you begin to realize that would be impossible. With curiosity, you
begin to do your research on the topic of sexual orientation, among many websites, blogs and newspapers. Such a thing is portrayed by John Money's
book "Gay, Straight and In– Between." The point of emphasis in his story was viewing key points on pre–natal influences of sexuality, as well as
discussing gender differentiation in childhood. With that being said, I believe sexual orientation is a choice! There has been many study's that support
my opinion. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These researchers looked at four hundred and nine sets of gay brothers, including non–identical twins over the course of plenty of years to end the
curiosity. Lead Scientist Alan Sanders said "erodes the notion that sexual orientation is a choice." Sanders stressed that sexual orientation is determined
by many factors such as genetics, upbringing, and environment play a major role being complex and emerges over time. The only thing the brothers
shared was being gay, other traits such as hair color, height, weight, and intelligence were all

So in this section we will be looking at a scholarly article about one's ability to conceal their sexual orientation. The author is trying to see if a regular
off the street person can disseminate between a homosexual or heterosexual male or female. The first study included 20 homosexual men, 20 lesbian,
18 heterosexual men and 20 heterosexual women. There ages ranged from 23–29 the women homosexual ages were a little younger, 82% of the
participant's were caucasian other than that there were no significant dissimilarities. The reviewers were taken from a introductory psychology class.
Twenty–nine heterosexual men and 32 heterosexual women. The targets were videotaped in an informal interview environment and at the end were
asked to describe... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There studies have shown that using facial recognition may predict morphological deifferences between homosexual and hetrosexual men. In one of
their studies they used geometric morphometrics to test for differences in faces between hetrosexual and homosexual men. The homosexual men had
relatively shorter and wider faces smaller and shorter noses also bigger more rounded jaws resulting in "mosaic of both feminine and masculine
features". They determined that just by listening to voices they could distinguish between homosexual and hetrosexual targets (Gaudio, 1994; Linville,
1998; Rieger, Linsenmeier, GygaxGarcia, & Bailey, 2010). Then in another study they reviewed 1 second clips of walking styles and were accurately
able to pick out the homosexual targets versus the hetrosexuals (Ambady et al., 1999). It also states that across other cultures homosexual men can be
rated according to their facial features but could only be done from other men from their culture as to foriengners cannot accurately do so because we
don't know their

The Issue Of Sexual Orientation
In the United States of America, 1.8 percent of men and 1.5 percent of women identify themselves as homosexuals (Volokh 1). This means that in a
group of one hundred men, around two of them are homosexuals, and the same goes for women. The background regarding sexual orientation is vast,
and a lot of different definitions of the concept have been introduced throughout time. Nevertheless, although homosexuality is fairly common in the
United States, many people still misunderstand it. The different types of sexual orientations and their difference from other sexual–related terms, such as
gender role and gender identity, are all confused by the general population. Sadly, even today, there are people that believe in a right or wrongsexual
orientation. Moreover, the origins of sexual orientation are highly discussed and debated by the scientific community, with theories including biological
and environmental explanations. The importance of such origins resides in the fact that this nature–nurture debate is capable of changing people's
perspectives towards homosexuality, and even though the media has done a great job by transforming any sex–related topic from a taboo to an
acceptable conversation point, society still needs to grasp a lot about sexual orientation. Particularly, the fact that sexual orientation is a complex,
largely misunderstood human characteristic resulting from a combination of biological and environmental factors that play an essential role in society's

Sexual Orientation In Australia
What is right and what is wrong? People around the world have different opinions on this issue, and when someone disagrees with their opinion, or they
disagree with the opinion of someone else, it can lead to discrimination. Throughout history, people have been discriminated for various things like race,
religion, gender, and sexuality. Sexual orientation is one of those the issues on which people have different opinions, everybody thinks that they are
doing the right thing, and if the don't like what their adversary is doing, they will go take extreme actions to make sure that everybody sees the issue
the same way they do. Just like in the past, in today's world people have different ideas regarding sexual orientation. In today's society, ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
At first, the owner claimed that he couldn't fulfill the order, and that was the reason why he couldn't sell the cookies to the students but later on, he
accepted that he refused to serve the students because he didn't think that it was right for his two daughters to witness this situation. The students filed
a complaint with the city of Indianapolis. Another example of how homosexual couples have been discriminated and denied services was on 2011
when the owner of the Aloha Bed and Breakfast in Hawaii refused to rent a room to a lesbian couple because ''they defiled the land,'' despite the state's
antiВdiscrimination law. The couple sued them and a judge ruled against the Aloha Bed and Breakfast for breaking the state's law.
Finally, On 2011, in Vermont, the Wildflower Inn refused to allow a lesbian couple to hold their wedding reception there. The Wildflower Inn claimed
that they refused to hold the reception
''due to personal feelings,'' (Ford). The affected couple filed a complaint, and the owners had to pay a $10,000 civil penalty and a $20,000 charitable
for the lesbian couple. Even though

Theories Of Sexual Orientation
Sexual orientation refers to an individual's array of sexual, emotional or romantic attractions to men, women or both sexes. Categories of sexual
orientation typically have included attraction to members of one's own sex (gay men or lesbians), attraction to members of the other sex
(heterosexuals), and attraction to members of both sexes (bisexuals). While these categories continue to be widely used, research has suggested that
sexual orientation does not always appear in such definable categories and instead occurs on a continuum (e.g., Kinsey, Pomeroy, Martin, & Gebhard,
1953; Klein, 1993; Klein, Sepekoff, & Wolff, 1985; Shiveley & DeCecco, 1977) These ranges of behaviors have brought out several controversies,
mainly targeted at the LGBT ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Meyer's (1995) study, with 741 adult gay men, found significant associations between prejudicial events and subsequent psychological distress.
This essay shall aim at whether sexual orientation (homosexuality) leads to more psychological disorders due to factors such as, social stigma,
prejudice, heterosexism, stereotypes and discrimination and how can these be identified and how psychological wellbeing may be developed in these
social groups.
Over the past few decades, a noteworthy change has occurred in the receiving of homosexuality from the perceptions of researchers and practitioners.
Historically, homosexuality was viewed as a mental illness (Gonsiorek 1991)) and was also taken as a sin and an immoral action rather than looking
at it as an individual difference which imminently lead to a different lifestyle. But, in the late 1960's and early 1970's a huge effort was devoted into
researching whether homosexuality actually was a mental illness (Gonsiorek) or not due to the rate it was increasing

The Theory Of Sexual Orientation
Chapter 9 looks at sexuality and how it is perceived around the world. It analyzes how each unique culture recognizes homosexuality, heterosexuality,
and bisexuality as a whole. It uses this information to formulate facts, opinions, and ideas in regard to all three of these concepts.
This chapter considers gender identity, gender expression, and sexual orientation. All three of these definitions have to do with how we classify
ourselves, not how society classifies us. Thus, we should have the freedom to decide what makes us happy, we should not have to conform to societies
beliefs.
There are five different theories of sexual orientation that are examined and discussed in this chapter. I think it is important to consider each theory and
understand why they were created. The first being the structural–functionalist perspective focuses on having safe heterosexual relationships without
cheating to ensure safe child rearing and a regular family dynamic for the child to grow up in (300). The second being the conflict perspective focuses
on the power difference between the 'straight' individuals and all the members of the LGBT community. The 'straight' individuals are seen as more
powerful because they are the norm meaning that are the dominant group. The LGBT community is the community with the least amount of power,
especially in 1973 when being gay was considered a mental illness or mental disorder (301). The third being the symbolic interactionist perspective
which focuses

Human Sexuality And Sexual Orientation
Few aspects of human behavior excite as much interest and controversy as sexual orientation. In cultures and societies today, as well as in the past,
there is usually an emphasis on a specific orientation as a norm, and typically heterosexuality is perceived as such. This in turn generates a wide range
of reaction to homosexuality, from its being seen as "unnatural" in moral terms, to ideas of it as threatening the stability of a culture. In recent years,
however, new perspectives are emerging which strongly support that sexual orientation is by no means so easily defined, and that, when social
parameters on sexual behaviors are set aside, the reality is that most people are not strictly heterosexual or homosexual. In the following, ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
In Europe and the Americas, certainly, centuries of Christianity as the dominant faith have vastly influenced thinking based on the conviction that
homosexuality is both unnatural and sinful. This is, moreover, true of all Christian denominations, from the Roman Catholic to the Anglican and
Episcopalian. Both in past eras and modern times, for example, Anglican and Protestant scholars consistently cite homosexuality as an aberration and a
violation of God 's will. It is held as an orientation that dangerously threatens orthodoxy by ignoring the tenets of the Bible (Sachs, 2009, p. 20). Not
surprisingly, Roman Catholic views are at least equally as strong, and what has long developed in Western cultures is a widespread social condemnation
of homosexuality which, as faith provides a groundwork for civil and legal matters, then become embedded in the societies. In plain terms, there has
been an historic and consistent rejection of homosexuality as deviant, contrary to Christian morality, and unhealthy for both individual and society. The
above considered, it then cannot be overstated how faith–based thinking has greatly influenced social customs and virtually dictated cultural
imperatives regarding sexual orientation. It is in fact arguable that many who denounce homosexuality are by no means devoutly religious; rather, the
sheer force of mainstream

Sexual Orientation Controversy
The word gay is a difficult word to define in our society and with so much controversy people must be careful on their ideas surrounding the subject.
However out of the four categories discussed to depict sexual orientation is would have to be the fourth and final one which is claimed sexual
orientation. For the first chose it was anything ever which is not correct because a majority of the times adolescents are confused or bored. They
might want to experience something new so they give it a try. However they might decide that they do not like the same sex and from there on out be
hetersexual. Therefore it is not correct to label them gay just because they've done something gay due to the fact they felt they needed to do that action
in order

Homosexuality/Sexual Orientation
Its undeniable that one of the many hot topics now a days is homosexuality/sexual orientation and like any sort of debate of any kind the first response
is to clump it into a group thats commonly defined so that everyones on the same ground. The only problem with that is especially for something like
sexual orientation trying to clump such a complex concept is unfair because things often get misunderstood or left out because sexual orientation is a
lot more than a simple yes/no right/wrong answer.
Arguments about sexual orientation get ragingly heated. Why its such a huge issue now when its been around for centuries just goes to show that
nothing is an issue until someone blows everything out of proportion. Case in point even though the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Love. We are to love everyone no matter what support them through trials and be there for them. Now–a–days we seem to think we get an option.
People are forming teams for and against even within the christian community when really we don't have a choice. We try to figure out what verses
may apply and twist the words to our advantage.. "Sometimes the Bible in the hand of one man is worse than a whisky bottle in the hand of
another." Harper Lee hit the nail on the head with this line from "To Kill A Mockingbird." We need to spend less time trying to influence our opinion
on people and show why we are right and more time actually loving them. People seem to think that by pointing out others sins they are in some way
helping them what they don't realize is that without love this is only pushing them further away. Yes, a confrontation is often necessary but we have
that part down what we're not doing is loving and thats what we need to be doing. THAT is

Sexual Orientation
Introduction
Homosexuality is defined or characterized as attraction towards the same gender either male or female. It came from the Greek language, where
"homo" means the same or similar, hence referring to the attraction between two beings of the same sex. Homosexuality is also referred as a clinical
term. Most male homosexuals generally prefer to be called "gay men" and most homosexual women generally prefer to be called "lesbians."
Homosexuality is one of the three main categories of sexual orientation, alongside bisexual and heterosexual. The longstanding consensus of the
behavioral and social sciences and the health and mental health professions is that homosexuality is an example of normal and positive variation in
human sexual ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The nurture concept of homosexuality include elements which influence a human's sexual relationship likes social, parental and environment variables.
A total opposite from the idea of the nature concept, a nurtured homosexual person is one that is "made" gay or lesbian.
"While I don 't believe the environment can "make someone gay", it certainly can influence their willingness to accept their sexuality and/or to "come
out" to others. In communities where intolerance is frowned upon and society in general is "gay–friendly", a gay child is more likely to feel
comfortable both with his/her own sexual orientation, and with sharing this information with family or friends. On the other hand, in places where
homosexuality is frowned upon or even punished, they are more likely to keep it hidden, or even deny it to themselves.
The most controversial questions that arise in relation to sexual orientation are targeted towards how one's sexual orientation forms, what factors go
into it and most importantly whether individuals have a choice in this process. According to the American Psychology Association, one's sexual
orientation is not adopted via an individual's choice, but rather develops as a result of "cognitive and biological factors" and as well as by interacting
with the surrounding environment. In simpler terms, there is a possibility in everybody even you and me being a homosexual.

The Regulation Of Lgbt Orientation
"It takes no compromise to give people their rights...it takes no money to respect the individual. It takes no political deal to give people freedom. It
takes no survey to remove repression" (Milk). The regulation of LGBT* discrimination in various environments varies by jurisdiction. Many states have
established rules that prohibit bias in hiring, promotion, job assignment, termination, compensation and general harassment based on sexual orientation.
However, very few of these protections extend to cover sexual identity. The repercussions of these limited protections surfaced from the very
beginning in the form of discrimination, attacks and abuse of LGBT* citizens. In fact, over half of US workers in today's labor force work in a state
where it is perfectly legal to fire someone or refuse them employment based on their gender or sexual orientation. Society likes to pretend as though
these violent attacks have lessened through the years, though the truth of the matter is that, over the last ten years, though hate crimes in general have
gone down, the percentage of hate crime victims targeted based on sexual orientation or gender is on the rise. Many incredible activists have made
monumental attempts at understanding the nature of these hate crimes and this discrimination in modern America. However, even the most incredible
scholars cannot completely comprehend the nature of the violence until they experience it for themselves, and Clementine Von Radics is one of these

Sexual Orientation And Homosexuality
Rosio Rivas–Zavala
910969610
I was born gay Being gay is natural. Hating gay is a choice. John fugelsang.
Many people will asked themselves what is sexual orientation? I remember the first time someone asked me on a questionnaire what was my sexual
orientation, I did not know what it meant, and I thought it had to do with my sexuality. The book gay, straight and reason why by neuroanatomist
Simon leVay claimed that INAH3 nucleus size which is found in the brains of the homosexuals who died from AIDS in the 1980's comparing it with
straight men who died from other causes. Also there are reasons for being born gay. According to the author leVay,sexual orientation, refers to the sex a
person prefers to be, feeling attraction for ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Author levay, explained that the studies by blanchard and bogaert show that having an older brother will have the effect on males increasing the
likelihood of being gay by 33 percent (levay 2011: 256) due to this study probability of a younger to be gay rises each time. Younger brothers will
run a chance of being gay even if they want to or not. The older brother effect is caused by a mother immune system may "remember"" and exert an
influence on the fetuses of younger sons. It seems a mother is blame, just because a baby is being develop in the womb, but what about the father? It
takes two to get pregnant. In the womb is where he is being affected. Author, leVay, states, one
–quarter and on third of all gay men owe their sexual
orientation to their brothers (laVay 2011: 257) once scientific reasons emerge, people realized some of the reasons why various sexual orientation
exist. There are reasons why people are gay such as older–brother effect as more evidence rises, people know who to blame. The older brother effect,
reminds me of my Latin culture, where men rather have males sons than females daughter because of macho culture but if they only knew the more
sons you have the higher probability you will have a gay son. Which in Latin cultures a father is a shamed and hurt to have a gay

Factors That Affect Sexual Orientation
Factors of Sexual Orientation
Nicole Mercer
Muskingum University
EDU 500
Joy Cowdery
Abstract
What does it mean to be a woman or a man? What is it that influences us as individuals to live as a man or as woman as well have the feelings of
attraction to someone else? Furthermore, what is it that influences us to have those feeling to someone of the same sex? What does this all mean?
Approximately 100 years ago a German physician by the name of Magnus Hirschfeld suggest that the brain of a fetus could possibly show early signs
of whether or not a person would be of homosexual or heterosexual nature when they became an adult. Can testing and research really tell us how our
innermost thoughts and feeling lead up to a preference of Sexual Orientation?
Major changes took place in the early 19th century when homosexuality started to be looked at in a different light. Homosexuality started to be looked
at and considered as part of nature. Up to this point the idea of homosexuality was considered wrong in many cultures as well as a punishable crime in
some cases. Even though in ancient Greece the practice of homosexuality was accepted from a very young age, it was considered out of the norm
outside of that culture. Through numerous research articles the question, what factors influence sexual orientation in male and females is studied.
The research studied comes from research journal articles that have been published in the Journal of psychology and sociology.

Sexual Orientation And The Workplace
Sexual Orientation Discrimination in the Workplace
Nelson Mandela once stated, "To deny people their human rights is to challenge their very humanity." Every human being should have the same
opportunities as each other, no matter their skin color, background, sexual orientation, career, religion,gender, or socioeconomic status. We were all
given the same human rights when we were born in the U.S., but it seems as if that is gradually taken away from us, as we begin to stop fitting into
the picture society has made for us. Many LGBT+ workers are denied their human rights when opening up about themselves in a workplace. Sexual
Orientation effects people's stance in the workplace as a result, those whose sexual orientation do not fit the societal norms have unequal; benefits or
opportunities, wages, treatment, and lack from non–discrimination protections.
Discrimination in the workplace occurs all over the world for many different reasons, yet sexual orientation is one of the least discussed topics.
According to Emir Ozeren, "In the workforce, LGBT+ employees are one of the least examined minority groups, even though they are one of the
largest groups of people in the workplace".("Sexual Orientation Discrimination in Workplace: A systematic"). Many studies have been made about this
topic one of them being a General Social Survey conducted by The Williams Institute that found, "42% of LGBT+ identified people in the nation have
experienced sexual orientation discrimination in

The Causes Of Sexual Orientation And Homosexuality
Charles Darwin famously said, "We do not even in the least know the final cause of sexuality. The whole subject is hidden in darkness" (Ryu). Since
the beginning of time, there have been questions revolving around the topic of sexual orientation. Within the past few decades, homosexuality is
becoming more mainstream and socially acceptable as more people begin to examine their gender identity and sexual preferences. Scientists researched
to determine the cause of sexual orientation; however, two opposing sides have formed around the issue: nature (inherited genes and biology) versus
nurture (the environment). Proponents of nature argue sexual orientation is biological and genetic; whereas proponents of nurture argue sexual
orientation is non–biological, environmental, and socially constructed.
According to the American Psychological Association, sexual orientation is not a choice; instead "...it emerges from most people in early adolescence
with no prior sexual experience" ("Answers to Your Questions About Sexual Orientation andHomosexuality"). Despite this, social theorists and other
branches of scientists argue an individual's upbringing directly impacts their sexual orientation. Many proponents of nurture are religiously motivated
to establish the morality behind sexual orientation. However, the purpose of this essay is to examine and develop a deeper understanding of the
theories surrounding the cause of sexual orientation. When combining all four non–adaptive,

The Importance Of Sexual Orientation
There are a lot of ramifications on the ethical justification or condemnation of any attempt to force changes sexual orientation on anyone, by agencies,
institutions, or organizations. To untangle this complex, is necessary to understand exactly what 'ethics' represent, and also what sexual orientation is
all about, in line with the expectations of the work place. How sexual orientation could be in conflict with ambitions, goals and expectations of agencies,
institutions, or organization, and especially to the extent of attracting punishment or suppression is very useful to know.
Ethics in relation to the environment or contexts stated above refers to some high standards that must be considered and upheld as morally right and
legal. It is also essential to look at it within the context of human rights. "The right to feel safe in our workplaces, educational institutions, public places
and homes is a basic human right enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights "(Australian Human Rights Commission,2007). Therefore it
should evaluated based on whether it is morally, legally and humanly right to enforce punishments or suppressive ideologies and practical mauves on
anyone's' sexual orientation. Sexual orientation is "an enduring emotional, romantic, sexual or affection attraction to another person" (Sexual
Orientation and Human Rights, 2003)
Based on the few clarifications on ethics, morality, legality and human rights, it is obvious that it is ethically wrong to cause

Sexual Orientation And Gender Orientation Essay
e Henry
Paper 4
Sexual orientation
The theme that we have been focusing on in class for the past two weeks is sexual orientation. Sexual orientation is more complex than just the
gender a person is attracted to. Instead sexual orientation is on more of a spectrum. On one end of the spectrum a person can be solely heterosexual
and on the opposite side a person can be completely homosexual. This also means that a person can be bisexual if they identify more in the middle of
the spectrum. The spectrum allows for all individuals of all different sexualities to have a place on the spectrum. In the films Chasing Amy and XXY
we see two individuals who are more fluid with their sexuality and do not identify with being solely homosexual or solely heterosexual.
The movie Chasing Amy is about a woman named Alyssa. Alyssa faces many judgments from her friends when she tells them that she is now
seeing a man. Alyssa's friends who were all lesbians judged her for now dating a man. This is because they thought that Alyssa was a lesbian. Her
friends were judging her because she was maybe becoming a bi sexual and not a lesbian like she thought she had been, "Biphobia, like homophobia, is
prejudice based on negative stereotypes. It is often born of ignorance" (Diehl, Ochs p.385). Throughout the movie Alyssa had to explain her sexual past
because of her sexual orientation. She was judged and belittled due to being a bi sexual, and when her past relationships were brought up they were

Sexual Orientation Cons
The debates on lesbian, gay, bi–sexual, and transgender (LGBT) rights currently center around the question of whether sexual orientation is a matter of
choice, or not. If it is claimed that sexual orientation is something that was handed down at birth and not a matter of choice, then, the act of
discrimination against this person would be wrong. The dispute draws on countless research suggesting that sexual orientation is congenital. The anti–
gay ideologues exploit these arguments. In my mind, this is not up for debate. I have known and served with men and women who have fought this
fight for a very long time. I personally do not have an issue working or serving with someone of the LGBT status. Discriminating against gay people is

Origins Of Sexual Orientation

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