1. Federico Karagulian highlights
Environmental chemistry
 Heterogeneous chemistry
(interaction of pollutants with
airborne substrates)
Techniques:
mass spectroscopy; laser and infra-red
techniques; gas synthesis; surfaces
characterization; photochemistry
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology
(Switzerland)
University of California Irvine (USA)
Environmental impact of pollution
 Personal exposure to Particulate matter (PM) at
ambient conditions
 Investigation of the inkjet paper fading due to
gaseous pollutants
Techniques:
nephelometers; surface characterizations
European Commission (Joint
Research Centre, Italy)
ILFORD Imaging Switzerland GmbH
Solid base to build
research projects
Satellite remote sensing
 Retrieval of pollutant concentrations from space
Techniques:
Infrared spectra elaboration with Matlab
programming; gridding algorithms
Université Libre de Bruxelles,
Belgium
(European Space Agency)
Data analysis and modeling
 Application of Receptor Models to identify pollution
sources (implementation in the Air Quality Directive)
 Statistical analysis (complex datasets)
 Intercomparison data analysis
 Global mapping of statistical results
Techniques:
matrix factorization; generalized
linear models, R-programming;
ArcGis, QGIS
European Commission (JRC, Italy)

2. Uptake of atmospheric gases on airborne substrates
Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (Switzerland)
The experiment:
The assumption:
O3
NO
NO22
“Knudsen” flow reactor:
Gas-surface collisions
N2O5
HO2
NO
NO
DUST
SO2
HNO3
OH
OH
Laser
Mineral dust sample
NO3
Mass Spectrometer
The chemical reactions:
NO • + NO 2(g)
3(g)
Mineral
dust
N 2 O 5(ads)
N 2 O 5(g)
N 2 O 5(ads) + H 2 O (ads)
First time
observation!!!
2HNO3(g)
The consequences:
Influence on the global ozone levels!!!
Impact on climate change!!!
F. Karagulian and M. J. Rossi, PCCP, 2005
F. Karagulian and M. J. Rossi, ACP 2006

3. Formation of toxic compounds in human lungs
University of California Irvine (USA)
The assumption:
O3
+
(Ozone)
OPPC
SOZ
(substance presents
in human lungs)
Secondary ozonide (SOZ)
toxic and stable
The chemical reaction:
1.5x10
-2
2948
0
3008
3050
3000
2950
1385
(-CH2-)
(-CH2-)
-3
-10x10
3100
2850
2919
(C=C)
1.0
1110
(-CH3-)
5
-5
absorbance
Used sodium chloride (NaCl)
as medium for the reaction of
OPPC and ozone
absorbance
The experiment:
2900
-1
wavenumber (cm )
2850
(O-C-H)
2800
2750
t
1347
(C-H)
0.5
1751
(R-COOH)
1708
(R-CHO)
1210
0.0
1800
(Diffuse Reflectance IR Spectroscopy)
1600
1400
1200
-1
wavenumber (cm )
1000
(Karagulian et al,PCCP, 2008)

4. Uptake of atmospheric gases on airborne substrates and human lungs
Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (Switzerland)
University of California Irvine (USA)
The assumption:
The experiment:
The chemical reaction:
trace gases uptaken
on mineral dusts
NO
NO
DUST
SO2
HNO3
OH
OH
Mineral
dust
N2O5
NO3
Laser
Mass Spectrometer
The assumption:
secondary
gaseous products
Change in the global
ozone budget in the atmosphere
Mineral dust sample
“Knudsen” flow reactor:
Gas-surface collisions
The experiment:
The chemical reaction:
Used sodium chloride (NaCl) as medium
for the reaction of OPPC and ozone
-2
1.5x10
OPPC
(substance presents
in human lungs)
1110
(-CH3-)
0
3008
-5
3050
3000
2950
1385
(-CH2-)
(-CH2-)
-3
-10x10
3100
2850
2919
(C=C)
1.0
Secondary ozonide (SOZ)
toxic and stable
2948
5
absorbance
NO2
2
HO2
absorbance
O3
trace gases
2900
-1
wavenumber (cm )
2850
(O-C-H)
2800
2750
t
1347
(C-H)
0.5
1751
(R-COOH)
1708
(R-CHO)
1210
0.0
(Diffuse Reflectance IR Spectroscopy)
1800
1600
1400
1200
-1
wavenumber (cm )
(Karagulian et al,PCCP, 2008)
1000
F. Karagulian and M. J. Rossi, PCCP, 2005
F. Karagulian and M. J. Rossi, ACP 2006

5. Satellite remote sensing
Université Libre de Bruxelles (Belgium)
(http://www.eumetsat.int)
Moni
t or i n g
infrar pollutan
t
ed IA
SI/Me s using the
r
tO P s
ound mal
er
SO2 (sulphuric dioxide) plume
formation from volcanic eruption
and transport
Formic acid formation (HCOOH) from biogenic sources
and anthropogenic activites (1 year average, 2009)
HCOOH column (1014 molec./cm2)
H2SO4 formation upon
Kasatochi volcano eruption
(August 2008)
Cooling effect
Karagulian F. et al. JGR 2010
Razavi A. Et Karagulian al. ACP, 2011

6. Modeling environmental data
Receptor modeling for source
apportionment studies
INPUT DATA: Concentration (xij)of chemical
Species measured a the receptor site
Polluted area
Receptor site
(measuring site)
xij =
P
∑g f
ik kj
+ eij
Composition of factor (fkj)profiles
Receptor p =1
modeling
STATISTICAL analysis with
R, Matlab and SQL Server
Time trend (gik)of factor profiles

7. Geographical information System (GIS)
for monitoring pollutant factors/sources
Main pollutant sources from particualte matter
sampling PM10 in urban areas (2000-2011),
validated model reuslts
ArcGIS-SQL
Sea Salt
Traffic
SIA
Residential
STATISTICAL analysis with
R, Matlab and SQL Server
Proficiency
tests
Crustal
Industry, power plants
Biomass Burning
Other