Ebola Virus

2. WORK PLAN
1. What is Ebola?
2. Where has the virus spread?
3. How does the disease spread?
4. What are the symptoms?
5. How Can It Be cured?
6. Why did Ebola spread So Much in 2014?
7. What are the strategies to combat Ebola?
8. conclusion

3. WHAT IS EBOLA?
Ebola virus disease ( EVD),Formerly known as Ebola
Hemorrhagic fever, is a Severe, often fatal illness in
Humans.
Has 5 strains:
 zaïre virus
 Sudan virus
 Tai virus
 Bundibugyo virus
 Reston virus

5. HOW DOES THE DISEASE SPREAD?

6. HOW ARE HUMANS INFECTED-1?
 * Infected Fruit bats
- bats have high titres in faeces,
- Used as Food,
Bats soap
* Infected animals e.g .monkies,
- Handling uncooked bush meat

7. Human-to-human transmission
 Direct contact with blood or
secretions of infected people,
including urine, faeces, vomit, spit,
sweat, semen and breast milk
 Exposure to objects or environment
contaminated with infected
secretions
 Burial ceremonies through direct
contact with the body
 Access through mucosal surface /
breaks in skin / parenteral (needlestick
injury)
 Healthcare workers must practice strict
infection prevention and control
precautions

8. Timeline for how a person with Ebola becomes
more infectious over time

11. HOW CAN IT BE CURED?
No specific
treatment
No specific
vaccine

12. EXPRIMENTAL DRUGS
 Zmapp
• Is a combination of 3 different monoclonal antibodies that
bind to the protein of the Ebola virus.
• Has not yet been tested in humans for safety or
effectiveness.
 Nano silver: a Nigerian drug. Little is know about it.
vaccine
• None available at present.
• Virus like particles: VSV-EBOV, is Canadian made
vaccine at trial level.

13. WHY DID EBOLA SPREAD SO MUCH IN 2014?
This is the first time that the Ebola virus has struck urban zones.
Population density fosters transmission and could be the main reason
for the current rapid spread of the disease. Contrary to popular belief,
recent mutations in the virus do not seem to be the cause. However,
these mutations have modified the virus’s pathogenic nature. The
death rate was 90% in 1976, compared to 50% to 70% now.

14. PREVENTION:
 Practice careful hygiene
 Do not handle items that may have come in contact with
an infected person’s blood or body fluids.
 Avoid funeral or burial rituals.
 Do not remain close to an Ebola patient without
protection.
 Wear protective clothing.
 Practice proper infection control and sterilization
measures.
 Avoid all bodily contact (embraces, handshacks,ets.)
 Do not touch clothes and other objects soiled by
suffreres.

16. REFERENCES:
CDC website http:/www.cdc.gov/vgf/ Ebola/about.html
Video everything you know about Ebola
Slide Share website http:/www.slsh.html
Image courtesy- Google images, CDC and WHO