Ebola virus epidemic information

1. Ebola Virus
By Alfaz Solanki
M.Sc.(Micro) Sem-3
Department of life sciences
Bhakta Kavi Narsinh Mehta University

2. Ebola virus
• It is named after the African river Ebola.

3. Introduction
• The ebola virus is a severe infectious often
fatal disease in humans and primates.
• It is first appeared in 1976 at Nzara in sudan
and Yambuku in the democratic republic of
Congo near the Ebola river in Africa.
• Ebola virus is called as hemorrhagic because
of bleeding will occur during the course of the
illness.

4. Introduction
• Ebola virus causes bleeding inside and outside of
the body.
• Ebola mainly strikes in the villages of central and
west Africa but it has also spread in other African
cities too.
• Ebola virus is responsible for viral hemorrhagic
fevers like; Lassa fever
Yellow fever
Dengue fever
Marburg fever

5. Symptoms Ebola Virus
• Incubation period : 2 to 21 days
• In the early stage ebola can feel like the normal flu.
• High fever
• Headache
• Joint and muscle pain
• Sore throat
• Weakness
• Stomach pain
• If the disease gets worst it could be causes bleeding
inside of body as well as from the eyes, ears and nose.
• Some also reported bloody diarrhea.

6. Cases till date
• There are many cases of ebola is unreported
according to WHO
• There are 28,646 cases of ebola has been
reported.
• In that 11,323 deaths occur due to ebola virus.
• So that’s why it is quite deadly virus with the
high fatality rate.

7. Recently affected countries
• Nigeria
• Senegal
• Liberia
• Guinea
• Spain
• USA

8. Structure of ebola virus

9. Structure of ebola virus
• Genome = 19 KB long
• Diameter = 80 mm
• Length = 960 nm to 1200 nm
• Four proteins = nucleoprotein, polymerase ,
VP35 and VP30 proteins
• Spikes formed by GP1 or GP2 complexes
• VP24 which is membrane protein is associated
with envelope.

10. Types of ebola virus
• Ebolavirus belongs to the Filoviridae family
(filovirus). Ebolavirus comprises 5 distinct species:
1. Bundibugyo ebolavirus (BDBV)
2. Zaire ebolavirus (EBOV)
3. Sudan ebolavirus (SUDV)
4. Reston ebolavirus (RESTV)
5. Taï Forest (formerly Côte d’Ivoire
ebolavirus)ebolavirus (TAFV)

11. Transmission
• Human to human transmission
• Through blood to blood
• Through unsterilized needles
• Reusing needles and gloves in hospitals
• Ebola is introduced into humans population
through close contacts with the blood,
secretions, organs or other body fluids of the
infected animals.

12. Diagnosis
• Diagnosing of ebola can be follow the below
techniques:
• RT-PCR (Reverse Transcriptase)
• Antigen capture detection test
• ELISA Test
• Serum neutralization
• Electron microscopy
• Virus isolation by cell culture

13. Treatment
• No licensed specific treatment is available for
use in people or animals.
• Severely ill patients require intensive
supportive care.
• Patients are frequently dehydrated and
require oral rehydration with solutions
containing electrolytes or intravenous fluids.
• New drug therapies are being evaluated.

14. Vaccine
• The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved
the Ebola vaccine rVSV-ZEBOV (tradename “Ervebo”)
on December 19, 2019.
• The rVSV-ZEBOV vaccine is a single dose vaccine
regimen that has been found to be safe and protective
against only the Zaire ebolavirus species of ebolavirus.
• This is the first FDA approval of a vaccine for Ebola.
• Another investigational vaccine was developed and
introduced under a research protocol in 2019 to
combat an Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic
of the Congo.

15. Vaccine
• This vaccine leverages two different vaccine
components (Ad26.ZEBOV and MVA-BN-Filo)
and requires two doses with an initial dose
followed by a second “booster” dose 56 days
later.
• The second vaccine is also designed to protect
against only the Zaire ebolavirus species of
Ebola.

16. Prevention and control

17. Thank you