A Study On Happiness Levels Reported In Chinese Surveys

A Study On The Chinese Of The National Network Of China...
The national broadcast network of China has once produced a popular TV show, "Are You Happy?",
More than 3500 people were interviewed by answering the question, from garbage collectors to
public servants to Nobel winner, the 90% of the respondents which claimed by the produced said
they were "happy" (Chinadaily, 2014), and the result may sound too good to be true. According to
another official survey conducted across 24 cities in 2010 had showed that 75% of Chinese urban
resident felt either "fairly happy" or "very happy" (Xiangwei, 2015). Why the Chinese feel so
happy? One of the reasons were concluded by the Chinese researchers in the national survey
claimed the Chinese salaries increased from a low base (Chinadaily, 2014), people feel happier as
they made more money; the report from Financial Times also suggested that average incomes of
Chinese have more than tripled over the past decade (Docin, 2015). Here comes the question, there
is a tendency of the society is in an atmosphere of chasing wealth, money comes first, which directly
or indirectly caused a serious of severe issues, the corruption, the food safety, the moral crisis and so
on, the worst of all, people seems to be accustomed to the Scandals over pork disguised as beef,
recycled waste cooking oil and other demoralization acts which have made headlines. The issues
described above raised several questions about which the author curious. This essay will help me to
understand those queries around me according to
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Mill, Why Are Some Pleasures More Worthwhile Than Others?
1. According to Mill, why are some pleasures more worthwhile than others? Mill suggested that "It
is .... Better to be Socrates dissatisfied than a fool dissatisfied." (pg.118) When he mentioned that
some pleasures are more worthwhile than others. He may imply that the pleasures that humans
sought out for are of worthwhile if it means not jeopardizing another one's happiness. Mill goes
further and defends utilitarianism that explains that "the supreme principle of morality is to act in
order to produce as much happiness as possible." (pg.118) If the idea was to maximize as much
happiness as possible, then it should be noted that any pleasure that does not meet such criteria can
lead to an dismantled state for many and for anyone trying to seek a win for an argument.
2. Explain the difference between act utilitarianism and rule utilitarianism. ... Show more content on
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The goal for this utilitarianism is to maximize as much happiness as possible in the result. Rule
utilitarian explains that an act is right if and only if it is required by rules whose acceptance would
lead to greater utility for society than any other available alternative. Rule utilitarian does not go by
happiness, but rather upon if the action can benefit society or simply does not break any rules when
the action has been commenced. Act utilitarian actions benefit individual and others happiness to
ensure tranquility, but Rule utilitarian cannot abide by happiness unless it has greater utility for
society and follows the guidelines society

Who Is Harry's Influence In The Picture Of Dorian Gray
Oscar Wilde's novella, The Picture of Dorian Gray explores how submission to poor influences and
a hedonistic attitude can lead to an immoral life. As Dorian learns the impact that pursuing a life of
pleasure has on the soul, my cautionary story subverts this main theme of the novella, to explore the
consequences of Mr. Smith pursuing the pleasure of having an influence on others.
In the novella, the main influence over Dorian's attitude towards his life is Harry. Conscious of his
influence over Dorian, Harry uses this to persuade him into pursuing a life of pleasure. The
knowledge of this power over Dorian thrills Harry, as he continually seeks pleasure in manipulating
Dorian's thoughts. 'There was something terribly enthralling in the exercise of influence... He would
seek to dominate him – had already, indeed, half done so. He would make that wonderful spirit his
own.' (Wilde, 1997: 28–29). Through the character of Harry, Wilde is able to portray the immoral
influences of which Dorian becomes a victim of. In my story, Mr. Smith is used to represent Harry
from Wilde's novella. Similarly to Harry, Mr. Smith also finds pleasure in observing his influence
over others. This is illustrated when he takes pride in knowing that his ideas have impacted Emily.
"Yes, there is no better experience than seeing your words influence another". By appropriating the
character of Harry into my character of Mr. Smith, I was able to reflect the story of Dorian Gray, and
introduce a character

My View On Happiness: My Personal Philosophy Of Happiness
We are often told to be happy and to make others happy but never about the methods to do so.
Furthermore, a definition is seldomly given for what happiness is with the few that are provided
being generic and unsatisfying. Despite happiness being of high significance to all human beings,
few have proper knowledge of it and are inadequate in their explanations. However, philosophers
from ancient history to modern times have had various and unique ideas regarding happiness
including Bentham, Aristotle, and Schopenhauer, all prominent figures of their time. These
philosophers not only provide their own insight on happiness but help develop my personal idea of
happiness and how it can be obtained. From their thoughts and my understanding of philosophy , I
believe happiness is comprised of a self–guided road towards developing character. English
philosopher Jeremy Bentham analyzed happiness from a hedonistic view. All schools of thought
within hedonism branch off utilitarianism which in turn is a version of one of the main normative
ethics, consequentialism.1 Pain and pleasure are the only deciding factors for any course of action
reflecting utilitarianism's ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is the existentialist half of his argument since we as individuals must take it upon ourselves to
actively seek a pleasing life.11 On the flipside it also means avoiding pain which is a synonym for
avoiding the world itself. Lowering expectations may also hinder an individual's capacity for goal
setting and overcoming obstacles. This can be interpreted as settling rather than appreciating and
may decrease happiness. Using this approach is self–centered thinking as a person's situation is
distorted due to their own misinterpretation. While Schopenhauer's philosophy is overwhelmingly
blunt in its negativity, it can be interpreted as liberating but

John Stuart Mill 's Version Of Utilitarianism
In the Utilitarian doctrine the consideration of pleasure and pain is constrained to ends. By this
doctrine pleasure is the only thing desirable as an end and pain is the only thing undesirable as an
end. Everything else is good or evil as it tends to promote pleasure or pain*. I will argue that pain
should be considered as a means as well as an end and show that this is consistent with John Stuart
Mill's version of Utilitarianism. Conjoining the consideration of pain as a means and the notion of
association of ideas, I will give what I hope is a unique explanation as to why higher pleasures are
so often considered superior to lower pleasures. Finally I will end with a short exposition that may
help to explain Mill's mental crisis of 1826 by using the ideas advanced in this paper.
Pain and pleasure are experienced partially relative to each other. A given experience will be
inherently pleasurable or painful, but previous experiences influence the experience of pleasure or
pain. Relevant for this essay, painful experiences tend to increase the pleasure of subsequent
experiences. I will illustrate this with an example. Relative to getting a finger jabbed in your eye, not
getting a finger jabbed in your eye is pleasurable. Relative to a state of ecstasy, a normal state in
which you are not getting your eye jabbed is painful. In both examples, the normal state of not
getting a finger jabbed in your eye is the same, except for what came prior. In the first case the prior

How Adequate Is Mill’s Conception of Happiness? How Good...
How adequate is Mill's conception of happiness? How good are his arguments to show that "higher"
pleasures are intrinsically more desirable than "lower" ones? Is this distinction consistent with the
thesis that pleasure is the only thing of value?
In "Utilitarianism" Mill argues that 'higher' pleasures are intrinsically more valuable than 'lower'
pleasures, citing the invariable preference of men who have access to both available (pp.140). I am
inclined to disagree, particularly with regards to his assertion that 'higher' pleasures have such a
"superiority of quality"(pp.139), so as to render any quantity of 'lower' pleasures "in comparison, of
small account"– this non–cardinal view of pleasure raises many discontinuities. This is ... Show
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In Mill's favour is the seemingly fundamental difference between human and animal pleasures, and
'higher' and 'lower' pleasures as an extension of this. He draws our attention to this with his assertion
that we would prefer to be a "human being unsatisfied than a pig satisfied" (pp.140). This seems
similar to earlier comparisons, but there is an important distinction. Mill highlights that anyone who
doesn't believe there are intrinsically more desirable higher pleasures is forced to concede it would
be better to live as a beast. 'Higher' pleasures are an embodiment of our higher faculties and I
believe that our enjoyment of these is an important marker of what makes us human. Which animal
enjoys solving mathematics? Thus, as far as the distinction between human and animal pleasures,
Mill's claim seems reasonable.
Another strength of Mill's argument is his choice of words surrounding the 'lower' pleasures. We are
told of a "satisfied" pig, and a "content" fool (pp.139–140). These sound like oxymoron, but also
remind us of the much higher capacity for enjoyment of more intelligent people. A fool is easily
contented, for he can easily exhaust the pleasure sources available to him. For the intelligent man or
woman, the myriad of options available to them ensures they can never be lazily "content".
In addition, Mill's views surrounding the 'higher' pleasures cannot be

What Is the Difference Between Mill’s Qualitative Hedonism...
What is the difference between Mill's qualitative hedonism and Bentham's quantitative hedonism?
Which is more plausible as a theory of well–being?
Hedonism is the idea that well–being of people comes about through pleasure. Pure hedonism is the
thought that it arises through and only through pleasure and both Bentham and Mill advocate
different approaches for which hedonism may be the basis of human well–being. Both Philosophers
then go on to construct theories of morality on the basis of this idea such that what should be
maximised in a moral dilemma is the cumulative welfare of all individuals as measured by their
particular approach for deciphering which course of action will yield the most well–being for all.
However, the focus of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Smart argues that 'happiness' suggests a level of approval for the person that is 'happy'. In the
example I gave above, though the old colleagues of the scientist can see that the scientist is leading a
pleasurable life, they would be unlikely to describe him as 'happy' due to their disdain and regret for
this life he has chosen. Moreover, 'happiness' tends to draw focus to the idea of the pleasure being
over time for example reading poetry over playing pushpin is more likely to lead to long term
contentment and happiness in one's life. This semantic peculiarity does not add much to the theory
of Mill in contrast to Bentham but rather seems to intuitively highlight the significant differences
between them.
There also seems to be a distinction between Bentham and Mill as to what constitutes well–being in
relation to pleasure. Both philosophers are hedonists and advocate the idea that without pleasure,
well–being is not achieved. However, Bentham's approach is directly experiential: a person's well–
being correlates exactly to the pleasure that that person experiences. Mill clearly disagrees with such
a view as he argues that in some cases – those of higher pleasures – an experience with less pleasure
than another can still bring about more well–being. This phenomenon would be impossible in
Bentham's theory and has led many to conclude that Mill clearly values something for wellbeing
other than simply

John Stuart Mill's Utilitarian Form Of Happiness
John Stuart Mill believes in a utilitarian form of happiness, since happiness is a pleasure it should be
designed to be useful or practical for the mass majority. Physical forms of pleasure are inferior
compared to intellectual and moral pleasures when associated with genuine happiness accorrding to
John Stuart Mill. A contributing factor John Stuart Mill added towards Jeremy Bentham impression
of happiness was that pleasures should be separated on a qualitative level. John Stuart Mill
considered happiness as two forms a higher and a lower form of happiness. According to John Stuart
Mill if a person experienced both forms of happiness they would chose the higher form, this form fo
thought was completlely against Jeremy Bentham views on happiness.

Pleasure
Pleasure – The Driving Force in all Human Achievement
Every choice we make as humans, whether conscious or not, is made with our own pleasure in
mind. When we choose to buy a pack of chocolate, go to church, or even go to work, we do it with
the goal of maximizing our own pleasure. The choices we make are those that we feel will give us
the greatest pleasure. We spend our entire lives trying to maximize pleasure and minimize pain; this
is the essence of man.
Aristippus was one of the first philosophers of ancient Greece to state that the focus of life is
pleasure. He said that "The highest good is pleasure, the greatest evil is pain." (Gaarder, 132)
Epicurus expanded his ideas around 300 BC, saying that the pleasurable results of an ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Upon Epicurus' death, the Epicureans ––his followers–– began to shift towards caring only for
momentary pleasure, and now the term Epicurean refers to s omeone who cares only for their own
pleasure (Gaarder, 133).
It is important to remember, however, that not only is our own pleasure important, we also care
about others pleasure. In other words, it gives us pleasure to bring others pleasure. Most have a
desire to please our family, our friends, or our God. We do it because it makes us feel good to make
these others feel good. People give to charity because it makes them feel benevolent, which is a
pleasing emotion. I have yet to hear of someone who gives gifts or charity simply for the altruistic
value. The do it for the pleasure it brings them. Kant hypothesized that a person who gives without
taking any pleasure from it is a much better person than one who does. I would agree, but I'd say
that person does not exist. The fact is we please others simply because it pleases ourselves.
This argument is discredited by those that say humans function from a higher, often religious, sense
of morality. They say that pleasure and morality have nothing in common. This could not be further
from the truth. Morality and pleasure are directly linked "Why do (we) need morality? To make the
right decisions. What are the right decisions? Those which create pleasure, not pain."

Aristotle 's Views On Teachings And Beliefs Of Philosophy
Epicurus is a well–known ancient Greek philosopher who has had a remarkable impact on teachings
and beliefs of Philosophy. His goal was to teach all people to find happiness by following his way of
life. To this day, there are still many that follow the beliefs of Epicurus. I see some of his beliefs
positively and others seem unnecessary.
Epicurus did not believe in the supernatural. His beliefs were more about physics, logic, and ethics.
To him everything experienced in life happens naturally. The supernatural beliefs that people have
are built on fear of dying and what happens in the afterlife. To Epicurus, this was no way to lead a
happy life. Nothing is felt after death; therefore, there should be nothing to fear (Stace).
Hedonism was an important part of Epicurus beliefs. Hedonism is easily described as the pursuit of
pleasure. Epicurus believed that the goal in life should be to seek pleasure and avoid pain. Epicurus
understood hedonism as pleasure being the first priority of life but believed that pleasure should be
obtained in a sensible manner ("Hedonism"). The hedonistic beliefs of Epicurus tend to fall on the
side of psychology as well as philosophy. People begin to seek pleasure and avoid pain unknowingly
as an infant. As we grow into adults looking for ultimate happiness, seeking pleasure is just not as
easy with all the curve balls that are thrown in life (O 'Keefe).
Epicurus thought it is necessary to try to avoid pain but to do that we

Jeremy Bentham And John Stuart Mill's Mill On Utilitarianism
Mill on Utilitarianism "The creed which accepts as the foundation of morals, Utility, or the Greatest
Happiness Principle, holds that actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness,
wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness (Utilitarianism, Mill). This theory of
Utilitarianism was generated by the original Utilitarians, Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill. Mill
says: "Happiness is intended pleasure, and the absence of pain; by unhappiness, pain, and the
privation of pleasure" (Utilitarianism, Mill). Furthermore, these basic principles of Utilitarianism are
located under the Greatest Happiness Principle which states that actions are considered moral when
they promote happiness and immoral when they promote ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Furthermore, based on the theory of life, Mill believes that pleasure is an end in itself, the ultimate
goal of life. As a result, it is proven through Mill's idea of the Utility Calculation, under the theory
of utilitarianism, that the officers of the Chino Police Department acted immorally in the case of
Angelynn York. (Utilitarianism, mill)
In the case of Angelynn York vs. The Chino Police Department, York was sexually harassed by
Officer Ron Story when confiding in the Chino Police Department to address a violent assault that
had taken place earlier that day on her person. Ms. Angelynn York endured many physical and
mental pains while the Chino Police Department had many pleasures and only a small number of
pains. (Philosophy, Rachels)
This leads to Mill's categorization of the mental and physical pains of the parties involved. The
physical pains Ms.York suffered, under Mill's interpretation, were the forced undressing

Aristotles concept of catharsis
Mimesis, Catharsis, and Pleasure:
An Investigation into Aristotle's Tragic Pleasure
Bradley Elicker
Temple University
Abstract: Aristotle writes the Poetics as an investigation into representational art and, more
specifically, as an investigation into the art form of tragedy. While Aristotle goes into great detail
regarding the technical aspects of creating and appreciating a work of tragedy, he is somewhat
lacking in his descriptions of how tragedy is enjoyed by an audience. Aristotle speaks of this tragic
pleasure in two ways; as the pleasure of mimesis, and as the pleasure of catharsis. If we come to
understand the Aristotelian concept of pleasure as an activity as opposed to a process, and the
distinction between
essential ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It would seem, however, that they are wrong, and pleasure is not even a process."2
In Metaphysics Aristotle explains the distinction between an activity and a process. He writes that
each process "is for the sake of an end"3 while an activity will be an end in
2
3
Nicomachean Ethics 1173a 29–33
Metaphysics 1048b 19
2
and of itself. He uses the examples of losing weight as opposed to seeing to show this difference.
Aristotle writes that when one is in the process of losing weight, there is a specific end to which the
process strives towards, this end is having lost weight. In the action of losing weight, the end is not
present. The end of having lost weight will only occur after the process of losing weight has been
completed. The same is not true of seeing. When we see something, the end is having seen it. This
end is present in the action of seeing. When we say that we see something, we can also say that we
have seen it. The end is in the action itself, and the action is its own end. In this way seeing is an
activity and not a process.
Aristotle writes that a process will have some type of duration between the time that it is begun and
the time that it is completed. When someone attempts to lose weight, there is a certain duration of

time between beginning the process of losing weight and the end of the process, having lost weight.
By contrast, an activity is complete at all times.
Nicomachean

Pleasure Minus Pain In The Ethical Theory Of Utilitarianism
In the ethical theory of utilitarianism, an act is considered ethical based on how many people gain
happiness from an act. Unlike egoism, in utilitarianism the happiness of everyone is equally
consider. In order to figured out what acts are giving the most happiness to the most people there are
different calculations. The first calculations that is use is pleasure minus pain. In order to figured it
out, you would calculate how many people would receive pleasure from the information that was
gather in the experiments and subtract the number of people who would experience pain from that
information. If the number of people who experience pain from this information being used is
greater from the number of people who would experience pleasure,

What Does Mill Pursue Lower Pleasure?
Human beings tend to pursue lower pleasures, sometimes even injuring themselves, even if they are
aware that health is the greater good. In fact, Mill stated that lower pleasures are predominant
because easier to achieve. For this reason, individuals succumb to temptations, even if the final
pleasure is at a lower level than the higher pleasures, which of course, are harder to achieve. I agree
with Mill's claim, because individuals are prone to abandon the achievement of higher pleasure
given the fact that they are harder to reach in meanings of time and commitment. As a consequence,
people give in to lower pleasures, which may not be preferred, but they are easier and quicker to
access.
Bentham did indeed include animals in the moral domain.

Value Hedonists View That Pleasure Is The Only Intrinsic...
Value hedonists' view that pleasure is the only intrinsic good and pain is the only intrinsic evil seems
to be an assumption rather than a deduced conclusion. This can be seen by asking why it is that
pleasure is an intrinsic good. There seem to be only two possible answers to this question. The first
possible reply is that the intrinsic good of pleasure is simply assumed, in which case the entire value
hedonist's view is an assumption involving no deduction whatsoever. Once someone agrees with the
assumption or not, that is the end of the line; there can be no argumentation over this view. The
second possible reply is for the value hedonist to say that he/she knows the goodness of pleasure
from experience: that she has experienced pleasure

Utilitarianism: Possible Balance Of Pleasure Or Pain?
Utilitarianism refers to a consequentialist theory that focus on the consequences itself, and measure
an action by weighing the ratio between positive and negative outcomes against the affected
individuals (Shaw et al. 2013 p67). An action is morally right, if the action produces greatest
possible balance of pleasure over pain for everyone that are affected (Shaw et al. 2013 p67).
According to Jeremy Bentham, an action is ethical if the action yield greater utility than alternatives
(Shaw et al. 2013 p67). In addition, Bentham evaluate pleasure and pain by quantitative differences,
which are intensity and duration (Shaw et al. 2013 p67). According to John Stuart Mills, definition
of pleasure is incline intrinsically towards intellectual pleasure and imagination, and stated that
relative quality of pleasure and pain, such as health and knowledge, should be considered (Shaw et
al. 2013 p68).
For example, in the case of A7D affair, Goodrich decided to continue with the production of four–
disc brakes (Shaw et al. 2013 pp41). From the perspective of Goodrich, the decision made has
greater pleasure than pain produced. For instance, Goodrich recognize that with the production of
five–disc brakes, all the four–disc brake assemblies would have to be disposed, and more tests
would have ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Goodrich does not encounter physical long term pain resulting from production of defective brakes,
such as community dissatisfaction, and future lawsuits and penalties. This shows that intensity and
duration of pain of Goodrich's decision is greater than the pleasure that Goodrich intended to
produce. Besides, Goodrich's decision contradicts with Mill's definition of pleasure. Goodrich's
decision destroyed the social value in manufacturing industry, as it loosen the bonds between the
manufacturing firms and aircraft industry in long run. Thus, Goodrich's decision is

Utilitarianism : A Man Named Joe Is Dying Of Aids
Dan Simons
Ethics
Mill Paper
10/28/14
Utilitarianism The Topic that is have chosen is Topic #1 which is "What is utilitarianism? Suppose a
man named Joe is dying of AIDS. He requests that his doctor prescribe him a lethal dose of
medication in order to end his life now, before the worst suffering from AIDS begins. His family
objects to this. How would Mill advise the doctor? What sort of questions would he ask? What facts
would be relevant to evaluating the case and why would they be relevant?" in the following I will be
presenting what utilitarianism is, how Mill would advise the doctor, and why he would advise the
doctor, and what evidence would he use to persuade the doctor. Along with what the difference is
between act and rule ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Gay's belief was that God had created humans to be happy, and that his will is that humans are to be
happy. Bentham expanded upon these ideas. Bentham introduced the idea of the Hedonic Calculus,
which is meant to determine the value of both pleasures, and pains. Mill then further defined
utilitarianism by the quality of the utility rather than the quantity of it. He argued that intellectual
(higher) pleasures where better than physical (lower) pleasures. Mill argues that pleasures aren't to
be considered happiness, and that they are a means to an end known as Virtue, which in the
beginning wasn't the end, however it can become so. The idea of ideal utilitarianism brought into
light by G.E. Moore who goes into depth of what ideal utilitarianism means. G.E. Moore suggests
that hedonistic utilitarianism was not ideal, however that there are ranging ideas, and values that
could be maximized. Moore argues that is impossible for pleasure to be the only measure of what is
ideal. These values although all come from different backgrounds, and have different theories argue
that what benefits society are moral actions, which will cause happiness. Though some actions
maybe considered immoral for some others they are considered moral such as mercy killing.
Consider the following, a man by the name of Joe is dying of Aids, due to the severity of his
condition he asked his doctor to give him a lethal dose of

John Stuart Mill Weaknesses
Introduction
Although John Stuart Mill's form of utilitarianism is not difficult, procedurally, to employ, complex
thought experiments are not able to fully present the results of the theory in an individual's life.
Because of this inability, I set aside a block of two days where I could apply the theory to my
decision making, which allowed me to see the pragmatic side of the theory, so I can return to a place
of analysis with a better understanding of the problems utilitarianism faces. However, within a span
of two days, I cannot claim to have received an expansive experience with Mill–utilitarianism,
therefore my discussion can proceed with what I did learn, but should not be considered a complete,
comprehensive picture. After a brief review ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
By ignoring the more complex theoretics of the theory, the theory simply attempts to achieve the
best results possible. In normal life, you have no need to question if we are justified in punishing
serial–killers, instead, we take and give pizza slices to who we determine needs it. Even if, by some
chance, we choose incorrectly, the minor consequences are barely significant, and occasionally they
go unnoticed. When I chose to arrive late for the SAT, at this point in time, the two individuals it
affected, my proctor and the other student, are unlikely to even recall the starting time of the test,
much less consider the minor inconvenience of any real damage, while I, on the other hand, consider
the extra time to have been a great help, even if it is only a

Epicurus Identify The Differences Between Pain And Pleasures
According to Epicurus, pleasure comes as a result of eliminating all the needs and wants of an
individual.
There is no pain, or frustration that an individual suffers from. Epicurus further denotes that in order
to identify the differences between good and evil, it is important to look if pain and pleasure exists.
Pain exists if there is fear of uncertainty, or retribution from spiritual beings and people. Death is
uncertain to many people. On this note, Epicurus teaches that pleasure comes as a result of freedom
from the fear of death.
A person becomes happy, because he does not suffer any pain, and is in a state of ataraxia.
According to Epicurus, this is the only form of true happiness. When a person is at the state of
ataraxia, he or she does not fear death, or punishment from spiritual beings. At this state, an
individual does not concern himself with disruptive politics, or dishonest people. The person
surrounds himself with trustworthy friends, and he or she is affectionate, and a virtuous person. ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(Keefe, 2010). If a person does this, then he or she will suffer pain. Epicurus further goes on to
explain that there exist mental and physical pains and pleasures. The mental aspect of pain and
pleasure arises when an individual ponders over the past and the future. For instance, when a person
regrets of his past mistakes, and is not sure of what will happen in the future, then he or she suffers
mental pain. On the other hand, physical pain occurs only in the present. For instance, lack of food
or water. On unnecessary and natural desires, Epicurus identifies desires such as luxurious foods,
expensive clothes, or even good

Striving for Authentic Happiness Essays
Globalization and the development of technology have provided people with more opportunities to
do whatever they want. Because of the choices, people seem to be happier to make their own
choices. However, Martin E.P. Seligman, the author of Authentic Happiness, would argue that they
are not happy because that kind of happiness does not last long. In his book, Seligman explains that
there are two kinds of happiness, pleasure and gratification. He says, "[t]he pleasures are delights
that have clear sensory and strong emotional components, what philosophers call "raw feels":
ecstasy, thrills, orgasm, delight, mirth, exuberance, and comfort. They are evanescent, and they
involve little, if any, thinking" (102). As he shows, pleasure is ... Show more content on
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According to him, gratification is a key for people to have a good life. However, Seligman explains,
"[g]ratification dispels self–absorption, and the more one has the flow that gratification produces,
the less depressed one is" (119). Although it is clear that people need gratification more than
pleasures, he points out that "[t]o start the process of eschewing easy pleasures and engaging in
more gratifications is hard" (119). This difficulty of attaining gratification might make people to
choose pleasure rather than gratification. Thus, according to Seligman's definitions of happiness, it
is easier for humans to seek pleasure rather than to seek gratification. In "The Psychology of
Globalization", Jeffery Jensen Arnett illustrates that young people focus on self longer by extending
adulthood. Arnett notes, in global culture, people value on "individualism, free market economics,
and democracy and include freedom of choice, individual rights, openness to change, and tolerance
of differences" (779). Arnett argues that globalization, especially increasing the number of choices
and allowing people to have freedom of choices affect each individual's psychological functioning.
He points out, "[w]hen people are allowed to make their own choices about values, love, and work,
the likelihood may be enhanced that they will find a

Epicurus The Great Good
Epicurus was a Greek philosopher who established a school focused on a life of simplicity and
moderation. His philosophy centered on what he deemed the great good which was pleasure. Plato,
another Greek philosopher was the best–known follower of Socrates. Plato was the man that
transcribed the teachings of Socrates and continued to use Socrates as a character in his philosophies
through dialogues similar to how we had seen him before his death. In Plato's Republic he has
Socrates say, "those who make pleasure their good are in ... perplexity; for they are compelled to
admit that there are bad pleasures as well as good." (Cpk 119 top) While in the Letter to Menoeceus
Epicurus says, "Pleasure, we declare, is the beginning and the end of the happy life. We are endowed
by nature to recognize pleasure as the greatest good." (Cpk 140 middle) In this paper I will discuss
why Epicurus thinks that pleasure is the greatest good, why Plato dissents, and finally argue what I
believe to be the most reasonable answer.
Epicurus believes pleasure is the greatest good because it is the only way to completely fulfill ones
life on this earth. Epicurus is inclined to philosophize in this way as he believed that there was no
after life or immortal soul, leading pleasure full self–fulfillment to be the only rational conclusion
for the greatest good on earth. To comprehend Epicurus' pursuit of pleasure one needs to understand
that his version of hedonism is not full of lavish indulgences that have

Utility Or The Greatest Happiness Principle, By John...
When defining "Utility" or the "Greatest Happiness Principle" first explained by John Stuart Mill
(1806–1873), one must first understand that Mill defends Utilitarianism, focusing mainly on the
concept of consequences. Stating that the point behind "Utility" or the "Greatest Happiness
Principle" is that a person's decisions and actions are decided as right or wrong based on their effect
of being able to make someone or ones–self happy or unhappy. To have an understanding for the
word happiness, as defined in the "Greatest Happiness Principle", a person must accept that
happiness is the goal of perceived pleasure with the absence of any pain, whether it be emotional or
physical. At what point does a person considerer someone else's happiness when acting in their own
interest of utility. If you were to make arrangements to go to the movies with a group of friends, but
shortly before decide to help a fellow scholar with an engineering project which should you choose?
Based on the subject of utilitarianism, you should act in whatever way will give you the most
happiness and satisfaction, and that the happiness that forms the utilitarian standard is not set by
ones' individual happiness, but also by the effect of others as well. There will be endless situations
that one will find themselves in to where they will make a choice that will give them the most
pleasure, or lead them to the possibility of attaining such pleasure without the presence of pain,
providing them with the

Mill Utilitarianism Essay
For Mill utilitarianism is a theory that is based on the belief that "actions are right in proportion as
they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness" also known
as the "greatest happiness principle. As "happiness is the sole basis of morality; people rarely want
anything but happiness". Mill believes people's achievement of goals and ends – virtuous living
should be considered a part of the individual's happiness. Mill defines happiness as pleasure without
pain as pleasure can vary in quality and quantity. Mill writes in Utilitarianism, happiness is: "not a
life of rapture, but moments of such, in an existence made up of few and transitory pains, many and
various pleasures, with a decided predominance of the active over the passive, and having as the
foundation of the whole not to expect more from life than it is capable of bestowing." Mill thought
ethics should focus instead on quality of pleasure rather than quantity of pleasure. He divides the
pleasures into two categories, that is, higher and lower. Hence, Mill utilitarianism was his
differentiation between higher intellectual pleasures and lower bodily pleasures Mill argues that
higher pleasures hold actual value; the higher pleasures are more appeasing to one's feelings. He
draws a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The two problems with utilitarianism, one of which questions whether pleasure is the only important
moral value, and the other that questions whether it can function as the authority in moral
judgments. I believe utilitarianism does not accurately describe how we always make moral
decisions; it is difficult to see how many people might be affected by a given course of action; it is
equally difficult to know how to assign importance to the various good or bad consequences that
come about as moral decision–making is the one area we cannot account for with a

Utilitarianism Is Inconsistent With The Demands Of Friendship
Friendship requires partiality and altruism. If one aims to build a friendship, s/he must show
partiality by making sacrifices that benefit this friend in lieu of maximizing pleasure for all.
Utilitarianism requires persons to act only in ways that benefit hedonic utility – maximizing pleasure
while minimizing pain. Utilitarianism forgoes partiality and requires that an individual only commit
actions that benefit the greater good. Thus, friendship – an act that requires partiality – and
Utilitarianism – an act that requires impartiality – cannot coexist. This raises problems for the
utilitarian because many persons would agree that friendship serves an integral function in any
human life. It seems that no ethical framework should require persons to forgo anything central to
our understanding of life as Utilitarianism might. A person who wholly espouses Utilitarianism
cannot serve as a good friend because the two contradict each other. Utilitarianism requires one to
act impartially while friendship builds its foundation on partiality.
Roadmap:
In this essay, I will argue for Shafer–Landau's suggestion that Utilitarianism is inconsistent with the
demands of friendship. First, I will assert that a true utilitarian cannot also act as a true friend as
result of the two having conflicting and contradictory ends. Next, I will object my original argument
using the claim that Utilitarianism does often suggest that persons offer preference to their friends
and family. Finally, I

Response To Nozick's Mental State Theory Of Wellbeig
Hedonism is a form of wellbeing theory about what is best in our interest and what is good for us.
According to hedonism, wellbeing relies solely on pleasure experienced. Although there are some
hedonist theories that values extrinsic pleasure, in this essay we will be looking at hedonism that
values pleasure felt from inside, i.e., hedonism as a mental state theory of wellbeing. This theory has
met quite a numbers of objections. We will focus on one such popular objection developed by
Robert Nozick. Nozick challenged the mental state theories of wellbeing with his thought
experiment about an experience machine. This objection is sought out as ultimate weapon to
"knockdown" hedonism (Weijers 2010, pp. 1). There has been attempts made to defend hedonism
from this objection. Few of these responses will be discussed to determine if they are able to
successfully overcome Nozick's objection. Pleasure and pain mentioned will automatically refer to
the intrinsic sensations, not physical activity nor as external ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Reality matter intrinsically to us because it acquaints us with experiences that makes us feel pain
and pleasure from inside. The experiences that Nozick's machine offers are deceptions because the
machine fools us into thinking that we are actually experiencing pleasure. The illusion of being a
great soccer player when you are not talented may be good for you at the moment. But it is better to
face the truth and pursue another interest that you are talented at, for it would give you more
pleasure in long run. Deception ultimately result in pain. So, spending a lifetime plugged to the
machine would give more pain than pleasure. Therefore, people choose reality over experience
machine because reality could provide more pleasure than the experience machine. Nozick is wrong
for indicating that there are other things that matters more than

The Principle Of Utility And Hedonic Calculus Essay
In this paper I will be discussing Bentham's Principle of Utility and Hedonic Calculus and using
these two concepts to decide whether or not animals should be allowed to be used for entertainment.
I will then explain an advantage and a disadvantage to his hedonic calculus. The validity of hedonic
calculus for me doesn 't seem to be an overall method to tell what is right from wrong because it
does not factor in the morality of the situation. However, it is a great place to start. First I will go on
to explain Bentham's Principle of Utility
In the beginning of "An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation" written by
Bentham himself he first starts off by saying, "Nature has placed mankind under the governance of
two sovereign masters, pain and pleasure" This is the basis of what the principle of utility is all
about. Pain and pleasure are what dictate or motivate us to do everything in life. Bentham believes
that a decision can be made depending on how much pain and/or pleasure it will bring to the greatest
amount of people. So if a decision brings more pain than pleasure to society as a whole it is deemed
as wrong and if a decision brings more pleasure than pain it is deemed as a worthy thing to do.
Bentham states, "to prevent mischief, pain, evil, or unhappiness to the party whose interest is
considered: if that party be the community in general, then the happiness of the community: if a
particular individual, then the happiness of that individual." The way

The Pleasure of Drugs Essays
The Pleasure of Drugs
The Oxford Dictionary defines pleasure. It is a feeling of satisfaction or joy. It is enjoyment. It is a
source of pleasure or gratification. It is formally a persons will or desire. Finally they define it as
sensual gratification. Now if we put these all together in one sentence, pleasure is something that
brings an overall feeling of satisfaction and gratification while fulfilling desires. If that doesn't
sound good, what does? We have already determined that people naturally are drawn to altered
states of consciousness.
Its a fact that we are drawn to that which feels altered. It starts at a young age and hypothetically we
realize the world of drugs and their ability to enhance normality by ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Drugs go hand in hand with this theory. Things that are pleasurable to people are held on to dearly.
No one wants to miss something that feels good, or makes them feel better than just normal. If I
could drink a glass of water and feel pleasurably numb and introspective, I would, instead of
smoking pot. The only thing about that is, I can't. So when I want to really relax, I do what I
remember relaxes me, and that is marijuana. Its the same anywhere you go. Introspective people
who want to be outgoing in social settings drink alcohol and call it "liquid courage".
They enjoy the feeling of being a little looser and able to talk to people that they might not have
otherwise. I could go on for days about this, but it all would come back to the same thing. People
naturally seek out that which makes them happy, and happiness is often confused with pleasure.
There are those who still feel that drugs are causing the demise of our society and that if we could
just get everyone off drugs then the world would be peaceful and happy. What they don't understand
is that the drug problem is social. It is easy to scapegoat drugs instead of looking at the internal
workings of the actual problem. I found some interesting things on the Internet. In this quote a
Reverend talks about
Marijuana:
"For some, drugs are simply easier to get than alcohol. (I (Rachel) and going to interject with this,
when did alcohol stop being a drug?) Some attempt to

Mills Pleasures
Do you agree with Mill's assertion that some pleasures are higher than others? What would you
consider higher and lower pleasures?
Mental pleasures are intrinsically superior to physical pleasures, as well as circumstantially. The
evidence Mill appeals to in support of his claim that there are different kinds of pleasures and that
some are superior to others is the experience of mankind. Those who are acquainted with both sorts
of pleasures do prefer the higher pleasures. (P.10)
I can somewhat agree with Mills that some pleasures can be considered higher than others. Mills
asserted that mental pleasures were superior to physical pleasures, However, I feel that it is for each
individual to say what is a higher form of pleasure for them.

Mill And Utilitarianism
1. According to Mill, why are some pleasures more worthwhile than others?
According to Mill, "what makes a pleasure more valuable than other merely as pleasure except its
being greater in amount, there is but one possible answer. Of two pleasures, if there be one to which
all or almost all or have experience of both give desired preference irrespective of any feeling of
moral obligation to prefer it, that is the more desirable pleasure." This means that it all comes down
to the person's preferences once he or she has experienced pleasure in both quantity and quality.
2. Explain the difference between act utilitarianism and rule utilitarianism.
For Act Utilitarianism an act is right if it results in as much good as any available alternative

Article Review : ' Letter From The '
Erica Mesa
Professor Scotland–Stewart
Philosophy 230
10 October 2016
Essay 1
In his work, "Letter to Menoeceus", Epicurus provides perspective on how to reach fulfilled human
nature. He argues that pleasure is constantly sought after, but in order to reach fulfilled human
nature and maximum pleasure, freedom from pain must be achieved. This can only be done by
knowing which actions will give the most amount of pleasure, with negligible and minimal amounts
of pain. In opposition to Epicurus' argument, it can be propositioned that true pleasure can only be
achieved once pain has been experienced. In response, Epicurus might argue that the experience of
pain provides a learning experience and enhances wisdom, and even enables merited decision–
making.
According to Epicurus, fulfilled human nature is maximum pleasure – pleasure is defined by the
absence of pain. He claims that all actions and decisions are motivated by the pursuit of pleasure and
avoidance of pain. Epicurus portrays two different kinds of pleasures: moving and static. Moving
pleasures are defined the by active pursuit of pleasure, such as the consumption of food. Static
pleasure is the state in which pleasure is achieved, such as the feeling of fullness after consuming a
meal. Epicurus prioritizes static pleasures, believing that these pleasures are the best kind; Epicurus
continues on to portray three types of desires in the text (Epicurus | Internet Encyclopedia of
Philosophy, 5b). The first desires include

The Argument On The Theory Of Utilitarianism
Mill has the view that there is a general misconception regarding the use of the term
"Utilitarianism." Most people refer to it when comparing between wrong and right in a restricted
manner that is divergent to pleasure. The opponents of utilitarianism often attach everything with the
element of pleasure; thus, contributing to denouncing the theory. However, the proponents of the
theory of utilitarianism such as Epicurus and Bentham asserted that it was pleasure in itself and the
exclusion of pain. Therefore, the morality principle of utility, which is also referred to as the greatest
happiness principle maintains that actions are justified to be right when they produce positive results
that are associated with happiness. On the contrary, actions are wrong when they are linked to the
negative outcome that tends to suppress happiness. Happiness refers to the absence of pain when
there is pleasure, while unhappiness is characterized by pain and lack of pleasure. Basing on the
theory of utilitarianism, morality is founded on human activities that are aimed to promote
happiness and pleasure as well as suppress pain. That is, humans desire the end of an action to be
pleasure.
Mill talks about the various priorities that are related to pleasure, which human beings possess. He
illustrates the view by stating that, "I have dwelt on this point as being a necessary part of perfectly
just conception of utility or happiness considered the directive rule of human conduct"(p:11). For

Robert Nozick's Experiment, The Experience Machine and the...
The Experience Machine and the Inclusion of Meta–Pleasure
Robert Nozick is a philosopher who seeks to disprove the utilitarian notion of hedonism through a
thought experiment that he has entitles "The Experience Machine" (Nozick 646). I will first explain
the concept of utilitarianism and hedonism, then the experience machine before I give a reply about
the inclusion of a third category of pleasure which I have called "meta–pleasure". Finally, I will
show how technology may be disproving the entire experience machine thought experiment
altogether.
Utilitarianism is a moral theory that seeks to define right and wrong actions based solely on the
consequences they produce. By utilitarian standards, an act is determined to be right if and ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He states that we desire, more so than pleasure, to live a life "in contact with reality" (Nozick 646).
However, I am not convinced that this example on its own proves hedonism false. Perhaps the idea
very idea of connecting to a machine and losing contact to reality is in itself painful to us, as it
presents us with an existential crisis, and so we choose not to connect to avoid the painful thoughts
associated with having one's mind controlled by a machine. Perhaps, there is a third category of
pleasures that could be called "meta–pleasures" that are the pleasures that come from knowing that
we are in touch with reality and that what we are doing is having a real effect. Much like personal
safety, meta–pleasure is only tangible when it is threatened. We are not able to be aware of or "feel"
our safety, we become aware of it only when it is threatened by something else, as is the case with
meta–pleasure. We only become aware of meta–pleasure when something like an experience
machine threatens our notion of the reality we are experiencing and suggests that our minds could be
completely controlled by a machine. If meta–pleasure is something that is real, then the experience
machine thought experiment would only further prove hedonism because it shows that we will
desire things which are pleasurable and avoid those that are painful. On the other hand,

Hedonism vs. Desire Satisfaction Theory
Hedonism and the desire–satisfaction theory
Name
Institution
Introduction
Hedonism and the desire–satisfaction theory of welfare are typically seen as archrivals in the contest
over identifying what makes one's life better. It is surprising, then, that the most plausible form of
hedonism is desire satisfactionism. The hedonism theory focuses on pleasure/happiness while the
desire–satisfaction theory elucidates the relevance of fulfilling our desires. Pleasure, in some points
of view is the subjective satisfaction of desire. I will explain the similarities and the differences
between the desire–satisfaction theory of value and hedonism. I will also discuss the most successful
theory and defend my argument by explaining how the theory ... Show more content on
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The desire satisfaction theory accommodates the thought which hedonism does not accommodate.
According to the desire satisfaction theory, our lives go better when the world actually is a certain
way, and doesn't merely appear to be a certain way. An individual experiences pleasure when the
desires are satisfied but it is not a guarantee that the desires cause pleasure.
The desire satisfaction theory is not affected by experience but the hedonism theory is affected by
experience. The outside world affects the desire satisfaction theory but the hedonism theory is
independent of the outside world. This is because the desires can only be satisfied if the world is
cooperative.
The most successful theory is the desire satisfaction theory. The theory is clear on the things that
make us happy. The hedonism theory only focuses on pleasure as the only value that can make our
lives comfortable. The theory does not prove how pleasure only can make one's life better. The
desire satisfaction theory blends in well because it does not consider pleasure as the only source of
good life.
There are several things that can make a person's life better. They include love, beauty, achievement,
friendship, solitude and privacy. This proves that an individual has a long list of values and virtues
that can enhance his or her life.

Excessive of Self-restraint in Saint Augustine’s Confessions
Excessive of Self–restraint in Saint Augustine's Confessions
When it comes to renunciation, "no pain, no gain" is what I've slowly, reluctantly, inexorably come
to believe. And when Pete opted for scholarly monkhood, I think he was just trying to outsmart his
pain. . . . He'd calculated that by considering the physical world "illusory" and burying his nose in
metaphysical texts he could go on doing something comfortable––while his ignorance and
sufferings and hometown and troublesome family just fell away like so much excess poundage.
Obviously l question his calculations: to slough off half a self in hopes of finding a whole one is not
my idea of good math.
––David Duncan,The Brothers K
In his Confessions, Saint Augustine ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
But Aristotle writes,
There is also a type who feels less joy than he should at the things of the body and, therefore, does
not abide by the dictates of reason. . . . For a morally weak person does not abide by the dictates of
reason, because he feels more joy than he should in bodily things, but the man under discussion
feels less joy than he should. (NE22)[2]
Aristotle does not give a name to this type of person, so we shall call him the moral martyr. Moral
martyrs abandon worldly pleasures such as friendship, food, and entertainment for the apparent
benefits of self–restraint. Therefore, they are deficient in their enjoyment of worldly pleasures and
excessive in their use of self–restraint.
Saint Augustine has clearly taken the path of moral martyrdom. He writes, "The eye is attracted to
beautiful objects, by gold and silver and all such things. There is great pleasure, too, in feeling
something agreeable to the touch, and material things have various qualities to please each of the
other senses . . . . But our ambition to obtain all these things must not lead us astray" (Conf., 48). In
claiming this much, he is in agreement with Aristotle––a man who pursues every pleasurable thing
in life is succumbing to moral weakness. But instead of merely advising restraint, Saint Augustine
encourages the complete avoidance of worldly pleasures. For example, he writes, "I admit that I still
find some enjoyment in the music of hymns . . . . I confess

Principal Doctrines Of Epicurus
The principal Doctrines, are written by Epicurus who lived from 341B.C. to 270 B.C. His theory is
hedonism, which is rooted in pleasure. The book speaks of pain as being only temporary, and that it
is only a pleasure over pain (V). This is a way of life to see the pleasures that life offers are what
Epicurus is saying. And although, "no Pleasure is a bad thing in itself," The results of obtaining the
pleasure can bring greater displeasures (VIII). He is looking for the most pleasures one can get, and
I suppose if he was not happy with his job, that he would quit. I can see Epicurus, avoiding a lot of
things within his life because they would bring pain and frustration, like driving in rush hour. The
idea sounds like he is living the simple life, or a hermit's life. The first four Principal Doctrines, deal
with anxiety in people's lives, and how they should think. Epicurus, is telling people not to fear
death, God, nor pains in one's life because they do not last long and they are for the week. The
problem with this way of thinking, is that it removes the true God from the person's life. But, that is
not what he is saying. He, "believed that the true life of pleasure consisted in an attitude of
imperturbable emotional calm which needed only simple pleasures, a healthy diet, a prudent moral
life, and good friends" (pg. 342). This is quit opposite of what people say of Epicureanism in today's
time. Epicurus, does not believe in the natural science or the god's, as they would

Continuous Sexual Trajectory Essay
Continuous Sexual Trajectory
In his Introductory Lectures on Psychoanalysis, Freud works inductively towards a theory of the
(sexual) mind. The lectures consider years of psychoanalytic experience and try to fit them into a
framework, in the process always slightly altering both the data and the theory. His primary interest
lies in the competitive interplay of libido – the pleasure seeking unconscious part of the mind – and
the ego – the rational and socially constituted character who internalizes norms and tries to tame the
libido. The pleasure that the libido presses for is firstly sexual, but for Freud this expansive term
indicates any kind of pleasure derived from physical contact. Working from these terms, he tries ...
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Relying on an analogy with seedlings, Freud suggests that adults would not have the particularities
of their sexual lives without a root cause, and that origin must have been childhood. For Freud, the
child is necessarily a sexual being (403). It is unclear if he acknowledges other elements in the lives
of children, as he classifies many typical childhood activities as sexual, e.g. suckling the breast or
thumb, playing, and generally expressing themselves and their organs. It is safe to say that the
sexual is at least, in his theory, a significant portion of childhood (404). The original source of
pleasure, in Freud's experience (with mostly bourgeois Viennese patients), is the mother's breast,
thus the first stage of childhood development is the oral stage. The later switch to thumb sucking is
only another expression of this same urge to stimulate the erotogenic (pleasure creating) zone of the
mouth. Children move onto the anal stage when they enter conflict with their parents (or other adult
figure) over control of their excretion. Freud explains that children derive pleasure from excretion,
and thus it is important to them and a focus of children's (sexual) lives (407). Soon they mature to
the final erotogenic zone, and the genitals should thereafter serve as the exclusive source of
pleasure. The gist seems to be that each stage offers more pleasure than the previous, despite
increasing

Stereotypes: What Is Hedonism?
What is hedonism? Maybe most of us do not familiar with this word. Whereas, we could be a
hedonist subconsciously. According to Cambridge Advance Learner's dictionary, hedonism is living
and behaving in ways that mean you get as much pleasure out of life as possible, according to the
belief that the most important thing in life is to enjoy yourself. We called the people who do
hedonism as a hedonist people. Hedonist connotes someone devoted to his own sensual pleasure
(spot.colorado.edu).
Nowadays, hedonism is happening everywhere from adult until teenagers. So, what we must do
through hedonism? Hedonism is a point of view which is assuming that pleasure is the main point of
life. Actually, what is pleasure? According to Webster, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
She likes to buy clothes in branded store because she thinks the quality of clothes in branded store is
good. The other interviewee thinks that she is sometimes an exaggerated person in buying food.
Sometimes she eats at the expensive restaurant with her friends. But, both of them realize hedonism
is a bad behavior because they will hard to save money, never satisfied, and waste money because
you want something without knowing whether it is useful or not.
Based on my observation, hedonist usually hard to control their money, picky on associate with
people, more indulge, and more popular. Different with the non–hedonist who independent, thrifty,
and happy just because a simple things. And if there were a problem, hedonist will prefer to spend
their money because it will make them happy and forget about their problem for a while.
Hedonism is also decrease social bonds. The pursuit of individual pleasure will make us less
sensitive to the other's needs. There is an advocate of hedonism who thinks that it comes naturally
for human to pursuit their happiness. So, it is really not that necessary to see hedonism as a problem.
In my opinion, hedonism is a bad behavior. We can see some bad impacts of hedonism such as
waste money, never satisfied with all we had, and can't control the financial, especially for the
teenagers who cannot make money by him/herself and only ask for pocket money from their
parents. It will be better if we

Key Themes In Peter Carey's 'Exotic Pleasures'
There are multiple themes that can be discussed from Peter Carey's short story, 'Exotic Pleasures.'
The story's main characters are husband and wife whose life is in a tangle before they meet their
other companion, the bird. The couple is driving in town, torn in deciding how they will use their
remaining few dollars. They even contemplate that they will take food and champagne and leave
without paying for them. However, before they do this, the bird brings in a new kind of fortune for
Lilly. Once she strokes the bird, she feels certain kind of pleasure, which she shares with her
husband and many people afterward. The bird can provide them with extra coins, but the story does
not end with them staying happily ever after. Lilly eventually confesses to Mort that she thinks that
he is angry because a tiny bird could give her the things he could not offer. They almost run into an
accident and bitterness of the argument leads them to drive to a new place, Kennecott, where they
meet more of the similar birds. The story ends in suspense as we do not know what Lilly and Mort
do with the newly found exotic pleasures. The setting of the story contributes to the outlining of the
themes in a massive way. This essay examines ways in which the setting relates to the themes of the
story. In the story, Peter Carey suggests that capitalism is out of control. This theme is supported by
different expressions of the setting in the story. The first setting we experience is a show of
modernity

Eth 501 : Business Ethics
Trident University International
Tammy Flemon
Module 2 Case Assignment
ETH 501: Business Ethics
Dr. G. Shelton
13 February 2015
Introduction
Utilitarian is one of the most powerful and persuasive approaches to ethics and moral rights. It is
normally held to be the view that morally right action is the actions that produces the most good. I
will be discussing the utilitarian ethics in regards to The Case of Sole Remaining Supplier.
What do you believe is/are the key utilitarian ethical problems confronting the supplier/transistor
company in this case?
Utilitarianism is an ethical view that is consequentialist in nature which means that the
consequences of the action bear the most importance of all. It is thus teleological as the final result
or end result becomes the normative judge about the rightness or wrongness of an action or position.
The simplest notion is that utilitarianism believes that the right course of action is that course of
action that maximizes or provides the best overall form of happiness. The moral worth of an act
thereby is determined by the result. If the result is not the 'max happiness ' that can be achieved by
an action, then it is not the right course. Consider for example the case of 'the sole remaining
supplier. The product is the first generation of pacemakers. The setting was 20 years ago. The story
behind it is that the pacemaker, first generation is not as efficient or reliable as the current crop of
products. Back

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