The Problem Of Product Recall

The Problem Of Product Recall
Product recall is defined as a form of consumer protection aimed at removing unsafe products from
the hands of consumers. A product recall typically deal with a safety issue that could potentially
make somebody ill, injure, or even kill them (Flynn, B., & Zhao, X., 2015). Product recalls can
affect any element of our markets, most often occurring in automobiles, food, medicines, and toys.
When a company first discovers a flaw in a product, they have two options open to them. They
could chose to withdraw their product from the market until they can work out the issues, or they
can leave the product available for purchase and hope the situation works out for the best. One of
the biggest ethical problems that arises when a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(Flynn, B., & Zhao, X., 2015) They came up with a formula that calculated that it would cost them
about $137 million to make the safety improvements to the cars, but only $49.5 million in "burn
deaths" and "burn injuries". Their predictions showed that 180 people could burn to death and
another 180 could suffer from serious burns (Dowie, M., 1977, 51–52). In the end, their behavior
led to 27 people's deaths (Infor Healthcare, n.d., 4). By refusing to make a simple change to the gas
tank of the cars because they wanted to keep the price down, they were saying that their customer's
lives were worth less than their profits. Another ethical issue that arises when a company tries to
determine how long they should wait before they actually make the call to pull the product off the
market. Do they pull the product as soon as they discover the flaw and lose profits? Or do they keep
the products on the shelf and wait to see if some mishap occurs? Usually, a company discovers the
flaw, recalls the product, and everything turns out fine. Once such example occurred in 1982, when
seven people in the Chicago area died from cyanide poisoning after taking Extra–Strength Tylenol.
Without waiting for a determination for how the cyanide made it into the pills, Johnson & Johnson
recalled the entire lot, affecting 31 states, not just
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Designing A New Product Line
There are multiple challenges that must be addressed for a successful entrance into a new product
line. It is crucial that proper research is conducted before launching this line of high end children
clothing to ensure it will be a profitable endeavor for the company. Among these items is the need to
through idea generation and screening and then conduct conceptual development before introducing
a marketing strategy. Finally, utilize a customer–center focus when designing this new clothing line.
The first steps to the new product development, is through idea generation and screening. During
this process, the company will seek out the most appealing ideas. It is crucial that the research for
ideas is conducted on a broad range scale to ensure a plethora of ideas to seek out. It would certainly
be a possibility to use a crowdsourcing method to enhance the number of creative ideas. Under this
method, we will have a wide range of ideas, and also have better input from the potential target
market. This will help ensure that throughout our idea screening we have the most innovative ideas
for our clothing line. Throughout the idea screening process we must actively research the wants
and demands of consumers to determine the clothing line ideas would be most attractive. Through
this process, we will have a better understanding of the possible prices and expected value
consumers are expecting to receive thus making our concept development and testing stage more
customer–focused.

Products and Services for Consumers
Chapter 10 – Products and Services for Consumers Discussion Questions 1. Define the following
terms and show their significance to international marketing: Product diffusion Innovation Product
Component Model Green marketing Quality Homologation Global brands 1. Debate the issue of
global versus adapted products for the international market. A recurring debate exists relative to
product planning and focuses on the question of standardized products marketed worldwide versus
differentiated products adapted or even redesigned for each culturally unique market. Those with a
strong production and unit cost orientation advocate standardization and others, perhaps more
culturally sensitive, propose the policy of a different ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Countries are also stereotyped on the basis of whether they are industrialized, in the process of
industrializing or less–developed. These stereotypes are less country–product specific; they are
more a perception of the quality of goods in general produced within the country. Industrialized
countries have the highest quality image, and there is generally a bias against products from
developing countries. Within groups of countries grouped by economic development there are
variations of image. For example, one study of COE between Mexico and Taiwan found that a
microwave oven manufactured in Mexico was perceived as significantly more risky than an oven
made in Taiwan. However, for jeans there was no difference in perception between the two
countries. One might generalize that the more technical the product, the less positive is the
perception of one manufactured in a less–developed or newly industrializing country. There is also
the tendency to favor foreign made products over domestic made in less developed countries. Not
all foreign products fare equally well since consumers in developing countries have stereotypes
about the quality of foreign made products even from industrialized countries. A survey of
consumers in the Czech Republic found that 72 percent of Japanese products were considered to be
of the highest quality, German goods followed with 51%, Swiss goods with 48%, Czech goods with
32% and, last, the United States with 29%. One final

Product Placement
Journal of Management and Marketing Research
Product placement effectiveness: revisited and renewed
Kaylene Williams California State University, Stanislaus Alfred Petrosky California State
University, Stanislaus Edward Hernandez California State University, Stanislaus Robert Page, Jr.
Southern Connecticut State University ABSTRACT Product placement is the purposeful
incorporation of commercial content into noncommercial settings, that is, a product plug generated
via the fusion of advertising and entertainment. While product placement is riskier than
conventional advertising, it is becoming a common practice to place products and brands into
mainstream media including films, broadcast and cable television programs, computer and video ...
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(Panda, 2004; Cebrzynski, 2006) That is, product placement in popular mass media provides
exposure to potential target consumers and shows brands being used or consumed in their natural
settings (Stephen and Coote, 2005). Ultimately, the product or brand is seen as a quality of the
association with characters using and approving of the product placement, for example, Harold and
Kumar on a road trip to find a White Castle, Austin Powers blasting into space in a Big Boy statue
rocket, Will Ferrell promoting Checkers and Rally 's Hamburgers in the NASCAR comedy
Talladega Nights, MSN appearing in Bridget Jones ' Diary, BMW and its online short films,
Amazon.com 's Amazon Theatre showcasing stars and featured products, Ford and Extreme
Makeover, Tom Hanks and FedEx and Wilson, Oprah giving away Buicks, Curious George and
Dole, Herbie and VW, Simpsons ' and the Quik–E–Mart, Forrest Gump and the Bubba Gum Shrimp
Co. restaurants, Jack Daniels and Mad Men, and LG phones in The Office, just to name a few. In
addition, Weaver (2007) gives numerous examples of
Product placement effectiveness, Page 2
Journal of Management and Marketing Research product placements related to tourism, for
example, the film Sideways promoting wine tourism in California's Napa Valley, the Ritz–Carlton
hotel chain selling Sealy mattresses on the Internet, Holiday Inn Express selling Kohler's Stay Smart
shower head, Showtime and HBO in

Market Segmentation and Product
Assignment #1
"Market Segmentation and Product Positioning"
Southern Belle Pastries
Ms. Quinisha Story
Professor: Stephan Hiatt
MKT 500: Marketing and Management
Sunday, July 18, 2011
1. Identify the marketing segment for the product and explain why this segment was elected.
Southern Belle Pastries is a start–up home business/company that was founded by I myself Quinisha
Story in 2009, out of a small kitchen in Manassas VA.
Southern Belle Pastries sells cupcakes, and all sorts of small dessert pastries that are located online
at Southernbellepastries.blogspot.com and through other great media like Face book group page,
and through immediate family and friends that also support the ... Show more content on
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As a business owner there are constant things that need to be added or deleted down below suggests
my SWOT analysis.
A. Strengths–
1. Very unique designed classy dessert products.
2. Good location in the suburban area of the Birmingham Alabama (280) only one cupcake Shoppe.
3. In house marketing ideas from interns/silent business partners/material gathered is not expensive.
4. Social media group/Face book/Twitter.

5. Southern Belle Pastries continues to network with other small business in the community
functions.
B. Weakness–
1. Very well known category of products/ taste and flavors.
2. Not so many desserts to choose from.
3. When ordering Southern Belle Pastries needs to know what the consumer loves about the cupcake
or other dessert products, ex: Cupcake flavors, Sugarless products maybe the consumer maybe a
diabetic.
4. Targeting other demographic audiences,

New Product Development
Task Two – Target 1200 words
QN: Identify the skills needed for successful New Product Development and where they will be
found within or outside the organisation, with consideration to the roles of the team members.
Answer
Developing a successful drive for new products and product development of TSS' product range is a
very complex process with the main difficulties, from a marketer's perspective, being the integration
of a team of various people or departments involved in the product development. Belbin (2004)
concluded that there were only a few ways that people could contribute to teamwork with the
essential contributions comprising of the following; Co–ordinating the efforts of the team, Creating
ideas, Motivating and driving the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
At this stage it's also necessary to have skills that will understand the diffusion of the innovation
process for the TSS products in particular. This diffusion process will guide the market testing and
commercialisation phases. Good marketing skills will contribute greatly to the success of the NPD
process.
Having ascertained the capability requirements for the NPD Process above, it's necessary to build a
team that will steer this process to achieve the company's goals and objectives. Forming a team, to
complete a major task within the organisation may be compared with the external activities of
building collaborative networks. Successful internal collaborative networks, just like their external
counterparts, are about informal processes based on trust, information sharing, joint decision–
making and collective responsibility (Sherrat, 2012).
Belbin (2004) helped define the important individual team roles and the person specifications for a
team such as one set up for NPD as can be seen in Appendix (III). He further suggested that each
team needed an optimum

The Food Product Of Raw Milk
Introduction Bacteria can be more commonly transmitted through the intake of a food product. Due
to high possibilities in transmission and contamination biologist test food product routinely.
Through the use heterotrophic plate count the number of bacteria present within the food sample can
be determined. This number can indicate whether or not the food is highly harmful and how fast
food product will spoil. If the food product like meat contains over 106 bacteria per gram it can case
disease. Biologist indicate that the most common food born bacteria present are Campylobacter,
Salmonella, Listeria, Clostridium, Vibro, and S. aureus. The bacteria counted will only be the ones
capable of growing in environmental conditions provided. For this experiment the food product
Bison will be used and diluted and plates will be counted for each dilution sample. Then the CFU/g
will be determined for each sample. The processing of raw milk is known as pasteurization. This
method deals with assuring the milk is free from bacteria before it has been distributed so the public
can use. Pasteurization allows for the nutritious properties to be kept and destroy the harmful
microorganisms. The dairy product is also grade based on the fat content of animal, fat of product,
temperature animal and temperature of pasteurization and cooling process. A grade A indicates that
all the listed measures are met. Using the plate count method and determining the coliform number
can indicate if milk

Challenges And Opportunities For Product Managers
Never in history has there been more challenges and opportunities for product managers bringing
new and innovative products to the marketplace. However, competitive pressures in the form of
economic and global shifts have made it more difficult for product managers to respond to increased
customer demands and infidelity. Many product managers are asking; Are we building the right
products with the right features? Which features or technologies should I invest in or which features
should we cease? What should I end of life, and how can I better serve my end–user customers? All
of these questions, while not new, are more complicated due to advances in technology, changes in
lifestyles, increased trade and tariffs, as well as shifts in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Above and beyond technology expertise, product managers must maximize their limited budgets
and resources from the start to ensure they have the tools to be successful. Many organizations are
turning to design manufacturers like Jabil to enable their business to decrease production costs,
increase capacity, and achieve economies of scale they cannot attain themselves. Thereby reducing
overall risk and to ensure they can meet agreed–upon NPI (new production introduction) schedules
and quality standards. Product managers must do more with less, be more informed about the
markets and technology they serve, and most importantly become resourceful with both internal and
external resources they engage to bring their products to market. There are many reasons to work
with a design manufacturer, and each are definitely not created equally. Below are the top reasons
product managers should consider working with a to design manufacturer that has the expertise,
scale, and history to ensure success: 1. End–to–end insight into the supply chain One of the key
differentiators top design manufacturers leverage is their ability to have visibility and insight into all
aspects of the supply chain, especially when manufacturing goes global. This visibility helps
companies to understand their products demand, inventories, service parts management, and the
products overall viability. Finally, when choosing a design

Nike Product Strategy Analysis
Brands use different strategies to create competitive advantages to beat with their rivals. Some
companies use "Overall Cost Leadership" to increase profit by reducing costs and increase market
share by lowering price. Some companies use "Focus Strategies" to select a group of market and
tailor its strategy to serve that group. The others use "Product Differentiation" as a strategy to obtain
a premium price by making unique products. Nike, with its differentiation strategy, the company is
continuing to separate its self from the competitors by using its superior technology and innovation.
This paper mainly discusses on the company's product differentiation and analysis how the company
using this strategy to build its brand image and become a market leader in sportswear industry. A
brief discuss about Nike competitive advantage which related to its broad differentiation aspect and
the company product life cycle are also presented on this paper.
Key Tie–Ins
Competitive advantage
Business level strategy
Product differentiation
Nike Competitive Advantage
Nike is known as one of the most consistently innovative companies for its technologically
advanced products. As Nike stated, Innovation is the company's heart in its business growth strategy
because it helps them to become more sustainable company and to keep up with the competition and
customer demands (nikeandunderarmour.com, 2015). Therefore, Nike vision innovation is a key
business success of the company. It invests

A Product Of Clean Edge
Intro: A product that was finishing trials was to soon end up on the shelf of every major retailer in
the world. Paramount, a global market leader in the consumer non–disposable razor industry is
planning to launch a new product into the market by the name of Clean Edge. Clean Edge is an
innovative, premium priced, new razor whose goal is to increase Paramount's market share, sales
and inevitably profit. As a company, Paramount has a strong history in the industry, entering the
market back in 1962 and growing to a $13 billion company in 2009. Paramount specializes in
disposable razors, cartridges, shaving cream and depilatories and currently has two razor products
already on the market, Pro and Avail. With the launch of Clean Edge, management experiences
conflicting ideas; Paramount is unsure of how to best position Clean Edge within the growing
market, considering the competition launched a similar product right before the Clean Edge launch.
The company is torn between two primary options, a niche position, targeting a small market with a
premium razor versus a mainstream position, targeting a broader market by presenting an innovative
product. After analyzing marketing budgets, market share, operating profit, branding strategy and
allocations for 2008 and 2009, it is concluded that Paramount should engage in a niche position,
which as per Appendix C will generate the higher profit of $31.37 compared to the $2.84 in profit
generated by a mainstream position. Clean Edge

Product Placement
Product placement, or embedded marketing, is a form of advertisement, where branded goods or
services are placed in a context usually devoid of ads, such as movies, the story line of television
shows, or news programs. The product placement is often not disclosed at the time that the good or
service is featured. Product placement became common in the 1980s.
In April 2006, Broadcasting & Cable reported, "Two thirds of advertisers employ 'branded
entertainment'–product placement–with the vast majority of that (80%) in commercial TV
programming." The story, based on a survey by the Association of National Advertisers, said
"Reasons for using in–show plugs varied from 'stronger emotional connection' to better dovetailing
with relevant ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Publisher P. S. Harrison's editorials strongly reflected his feelings against product placement in
films. An editorial in Harrison's Reports criticized the collaboration between the Corona Typewriter
company and First National Pictures when a Corona typewriter appeared in the film The Lost World
(1925).[15] Harrison's Reports published several incidents about Corona typewriters appearing in
films of the mid–1920s.
Among the famous silent films to feature product placement was Wings (1927), the first film to win
the Academy Award for Best Picture. It contained a plug for Hershey's chocolate.
Another early example in film occurs in Horse Feathers (1932) where Thelma Todd's character falls
out of a canoe and into a river. She calls for a life saver and Groucho Marx's character tosses her a
Life Savers candy.
The film It's a Wonderful Life (1946), directed by Frank Capra, depicts a young boy with aspirations
to be an explorer, displaying a prominent copy of National Geographic.
In the film Love Happy (1949), Harpo Marx's character cavorts on a rooftop among

Marketing Plan For A New Product
Introduction
Consider like a good start. Presenting a new product to the market is not just described as selling
and promoting. Certainly, launching a new product needs more than just that, in orders to be highly
demanded by customers. Another things also contribute to making a great product: dedicated
employees, good strategy, decent information systems, excellent implementation, in special when it
comes to introduce a new product to a highly developed market. That is where marketing should be
used, as nowadays, successful companies at high levels have one thing in common – they have
strongly customers focused and heavily committed to marketing.
Marketing, more than any other business function, deals with consumers, making customer value
and happiness are at the main points of this research. However I will explore more specified
launching of a product development in terms of successful marketing later on. Perhaps the easiest
description is that: Marketing is the process of delivery of customer's values and satisfactions to a
company's profit. The point of the marketing is to interest new customers by promising high value,
and to keep current customers by bringing satisfaction to everyone. (Adrian Payne, "The Essence of
Services Marketing").
Executive Summary
In a way to make a fairly successful research, it has been decided to present to the market and
describe our potential actions in terms of target market, product positioning, market segmentation,
customer buying

The Product Of Company G Is Promoting Its Most Recent...
The Product
Company G is promoting its most recent efficiency enhancing product. The offering is a product
line of streamlined, technically advanced and convenient conference room tables for corporate
offices small and large. These tables will have internet capability via built–in switching, power
adapters for anything that connects with a USB, Ethernet connection, Wi–Fi, and general power
connection without the added visible cables that can add a clunky, unprofessional, and unorganized
appearance. These conference tables are made with high quality wood and/or laminates and can be
delivered in manageable pieces to accommodate entryways and maneuverability. The connectivity
and the components to manage this are embedded underneath the table, needing only one Ethernet
line installation and one power connection, allowing for easy hiding of unsightly cables and
eliminating tangled messes.
The materials that are used for these tables are picked for quality, durability, professionalism, and
aesthetics. While many manufacturers are working towards mass consumption, resorting to less
costly materials, this product line is more niche based allowing for customization and quality that
justifies the cost. Company G feels that consumers will value that the product is designed with
professional presentation in mind. Adding to this presentation are the clean lines, efficiency, ease of
installation, and beauty that compliments a corporate setting.
This product line fills a need for in

Milk and Dairy Products
Consumer behaviour in dairy products in Kosovo 311 ANALYSIS OF CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR
IN REGARD TO DAIRY PRODUCTS IN KOSOVO Bytyqi Hysen*, Vegara Mensur**, Gjonbalaj
Muje, Mehmeti Hajrip, Gjergjizi Halim, Miftari Iliriana and Bytyqi Njazi* ABSTRACT Consumer
behaviour in Kosovo in respect of dairy products (white cheese, yoghurt, fruit yoghurt, Sharri
cheese, curd and caciocavalo) was studied during 2007 using different socio–economic variables
assessed by so–called evaluation criteria 1–5. The objective of study was to possibly identify effect
of different variables on consumer decision upon purchase of dairy products. Dairy products were
perceived differently at various types of purchasing places. The most important socio–economic
variables ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
About two third of total milk and milk products produced in Kosovo is considered to be used for
family consumption or sold in "green market", while one third is imported (3). Last year history in
Kosovo is characterized with transition process of centralized economy to oriented open and free
market approach. Many economies of developing countries do not pay attention and undervalue the
consumer behaviours. Kapsdorferova and Nagyova (6) present the consumer as a last component
but most important one in food chain. About consumer behaviours on milk products, different
studies (8,9) show existence of significant differences between consumer behaviours in different
countries. J. Agric. Res., 2008, 46(3) Consumer behaviour in dairy products in Kosovo 313 Study
of consumers' behaviours has multi–plural value like: studying the relation between needs for food
products and daily ration taken, especially analyzing different socio–economic group; of high
importance, investigation of different effects of marketing (i,e. advertisements, leaflets, etc.)
socioeconomic characteristics upon consumer decision for milk and milk products supply, etc. (5,
7). The objective of study was to identify consumer behaviours in regard to dairy products (white
cheese, yoghurt, fruit yoghurt, Sharri cheese, curd, and

International Marketing: Products and Culture
Products and Culture
As a marketer, we all know that a product is more than a physical item: It is a bundle of satisfactions
(or utilities) that the buyer receives. These utilities include its form, taste, colour, odour, and texture;
how it functions in use; the package; the label; the warranty; and any other symbolic utility received
from the possession or use of the goods. In short, the market relates to more than a product's
physical form and primary function. The values and customs within a culture confer much of the
importance of these other benefits. In other words, a product is the sum of the physical and
psychological satisfactions it provides the user.
A product's physical attributes generally are required to create its primary ... Show more content on
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The problems illustrated in the cake mix example have little to do with the physical product or the
user's ability to make effective use of it and more with the fact that acceptance and use of the cake
mixes would have required upsetting behaviour patterns considered correct or ideal. Finally, there
are some interesting surprises in the area of adaptation. An interesting example is Harry Potter.
About 20 percent of the sales of his last adventure book in Japan were in English. Japanese
consumers were looking for ways to augment English lessons, and the books and associated
audiotapes filled that particular need very well. For them Potter is not just entertainment; it's
education.
Innovative Products and Adaptation An important first step in adapting a product to a foreign market
is to determine the degree of newness as perceived by the intended market. How people react to
newness and how new a product is to a market must be understood. In evaluating the newness of a
product, the international marketer must be aware that many products successful in the United
States, having reached the maturity or even decline stage in their life cycles, may be perceived as
new in another country or culture and thus must be treated as innovations. From a sociological
viewpoint, any idea perceived as new by a group of people is an innovation.
Whether or not a group accepts an innovation, and the time it takes to do so,

Product Development
When Charlie Price's father died, Charlie had no idea that he would have to completely revamp the
family business in order to keep the family shoe factory running, nor did he realize the problems
that would arise out of his change from men's shoes to heels for drag queens. Charlie had to employ
fundamental marketing techniques in order to make the 180–degree transformation of his company
and to make his gamble profitable. Kinky Boots did not take on the typical way for the a new
product to reach market, but nonetheless Kinky Boots took on a more realistic and organic way of a
product becoming more than idea. The company, luckily, had many strengths to begin with laid a
good foundation for what would become the Kinky Boots factory. Most ... Show more content on
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If, for example, Christian Louboutin were to make a special line or special edition drag queen boot,
the luxury factor and brand name status of these boots would certainly dig into the profits of Kinky
Boots. Nevertheless, Kinky Boots themselves could offer limited and special shoes releases.
Another thing that aids Kinky Boots in this potential threat is their name is synonymous with
catering to the needs of transgendered individuals, which gives them a certain credibility that is
important to making a purchase. In the development of a product, often the textbook steps are
ignored and the product organically comes to be in a mixed order. This is exactly what happened
with Kinky Boots. The development of this product was not generated in a "think tank" atmosphere;
this product came more out of trial and error. First, there was the idea screening with Lola, to see if
he would be interested in trying the special boot. Then, there was the first round of product
development that went over like a lead balloon because the flat, burgundy boot did not appeal to the
target market: drag queens. It is through the help of Lola on the project that product development
process becomes more textbook. By having Lola leave London to join the company, the idea
generation and idea screening processes are by–passed because this was a last resort

Creative Concepts Of Creative Products
Creative products are goods or services produced and sold by creative industries. Creative industries
are defined as having their origin in individual creativity, skill and talent. They typically develop
products offered in the entertainment sector such as music, theatre, opera, film, art, broadcasting,
etc. Universally seen as a unique type of product, they produce 'symbolic goods' in the form of
experiences, ideas or images. Because their products take the form of an experience or service, they
are classified as intangible. Intangible goods are products that have no physical nature meaning a
person cannot hold, touch, smell or otherwise handle it. Creative products are also seen as
ephemeral, meaning they only last for a certain period of time. Their value derives from the artistic
and human talents incorporated in it at the different stages of creation, production, reproduction and
distribution. (CITE) In many ways, these creative products are often seen as more difficult to
analyse, manage or sell compared to other commodity goods or services.
Figuring out why these products are often seen as more difficult means understanding how these
particular products are managed compared to their counterpart. Most notably, there is not just one
product being produced and sold. When it comes to creative goods, the whole product is composed
of several different types. From the seller's point, there is the formal product which is the actual
artistic performance itself that is being

Product Design Personal Statement
"Design is a funny word. Some people think design means how it looks. But of course, if you dig
deeper, it's really how it works." – Steve Jobs.
A Design should not only be about reflecting the practical and aesthetic in business but most
saliently, it should serve people.
The word "Design" has always fascinated me. As a kid I was always filled with curiosity and found
myself not only questioning everything around me, but also trying to creatively improvise them.
Making storage pouches out of used soft drink bottles, Textured Handmade sheets, Deconstructed
Pen drives are some of the things always scattered around in my room.
After my high school I joined "Raffles College of Design and Commerce", Mumbai, to study
Bachelor of Design in Product Design. From the very beginning I was studying among international
students and faculties, helping me inculcate multicultural experiences.
I learnt rigorous Sketching, Design Drafting, 3D Conceptualisation, Rapid ... Show more content on
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I emerged as the winner for the "Malaysia Airlines Design Competition". I was also a runner up for
"Designomics" for 2 consecutive years.
I started with my first full time job in January 2015 as a Product Designer and Stylist at
Volkswagen. The job profile included making amendments in the existing and new Car models,
developing merchandise for promotional purposes, Client meetings.
As a Designer, the first and foremost challenge lies in understanding not only what the client
"wants" but what the client "needs". After a lot of research and consultation, I felt that Service
Design was the perfect course for me. Not only does it improve and innovate services to make them
more productive for the firms and organisations, but also makes them both utilitarian and desirable
for the society. It upskills the students in the very latest tools and techniques of design and
inculcates skills to co–relate the element of Design to the Process of

What Makes A Product Marketing?
Jimmy Doe, a typical parent of a toddler going to purchase a box of cereal, must first decide a few
things before he will become in possession of the cereal. First he must choose at which store he will
shop. Next, he must decide what type of cereal to purchase. And finally, he must choose a brand of
the particular style of cereal to buy. All of these decisions can surprisingly be influenced by
companies. In fact, most of the time consumers are unaware that they are being controlled, so to
speak. Many tactics are employed, and many of the tactics are quite imaginative. This manipulation
serves to not only increase a company's profits, but also it serves to make the brand more
recognizable. The game of product marketing is remarkably complex ... Show more content on
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Confirmation of this is provided by the massive number of sales Apple experiences. In the food
market, companies will try to sway the consumer to purchase its brand by using eco–friendly,
recycled material. It attempts to appeal to the consumer's pathos by invoking sympathies with Earth
("Recycled Products" 257–61). A consumer sees the company as caring for the environment, and
therefore, the consumer feels a connection with the company – enough to choose it over the
competition. In addition, colors are employed to associate various colors to certain feelings. For
example, green is a color used to convey a sense of being natural and clean. This often plays to the
advantage of chemicals, such as cleaning agents, in the current market that is saturated with hesitant
customers. And finally, size can play a large role in number of purchases made. A study performed
at the University of California, San Diego, investigated whether or not offering the exact same
product in different sizes would affect the sales. The leads of the experiment allowed participants to
select one, larger volume of soda or multiple, smaller sized sodas. In the end, it was found that
participants were more likely to purchase the latter. The explanation is that the consumer feels like
they are getting the better deal because the number of individual sodas, not total volume of soda,
was greater at the similar price ("Regulating" np). Overall, just the most basic of details of a
package

Iphone Product Strategy Analysis
Product Strategy
Product strategy is the foundation of product lifecycle. It provides a direction to guide the product
team.
1.Product Classification
Iphone 6 plus are categorized as consumer product which is the final consumer bought the product
and service for personal consumption. There are four types of products under consumer product
which are convenience products, shopping products, specialty products and unsought products.
Iphone 6 plus is a product which belong to specialty product. Specialty products are consumer
products and services with unique characteristics or brand identification for which a significant
group of buyers is willing to make a special purchase effort. Specialty products usually high price
than other product. This type of products only distribute in one or few outlets per market area.
2. Product &Service Decision
a)Product & ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Apple company change the pixel of Iphone 6 plus. Iphone 6 plus are pack in 185 percent more
pixel than Iphone 6.
b)Branding
A brand is a name, term, sign, symbol, or design, or a combination of these, that identifies the maker
or seller of a product or service. Branding of Iphone 6 plus is essential especially in consumer
market. The characteristic of Iphone 6 plus brand is distinctive or different and adoptable to add to
product line.
c)Packaging
The wrapping and packaging of product also not only for protecting the product and it also becomes
a marketing tool as well. A consumer who buys the product regularly will interact with its
packaging. Iphone 6 Plus are placed in a plain white box with a simple embossed shape. There have
EarPod headphones, Lightning cable and small 1amp (i.e. slow) USB charger inside the box.
d) Labelling
Label is not only to identify the product of brand. It also help to promote the product and act as a
connecting wire to customers. Every Iphone will labelled by the logo of Apple to prove that it is a
Apple

Evolution of Product Management
PRODUCT MANAGEMENT
THE ORIGIN:
➢ The idea of product or brand management began at Proctor & Gamble in the early 1930s. ➢ All
began with a memo directed to the head of the advertising department by Neil McElroy on May 13,
1931 and ran to three pages – considerably more verbose. ➢ McElroy was thus the obvious man to
grow and plant the embryo of brand manager system. ➢ McElroy was heading the new soap
product "Camay" which was directly in competition with Ivory. ➢ Camay presumably because
management had foreseen that two brands competing for different segments of the same market
would need different advertising and ultimately a competitive approach. ➢ Neil McElroy
experienced internal company ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In addition, he has to develop advertising campaigns to promote his products and Organization
image, guided by the Company's overall strategies.
Product Manager must be able to coordinate with sales personnel, think creatively and laterally,
focus on the overall objectives of the company, and interact with different corporate areas. The
growing complexity of building brands demands that Product Manager must be increasingly
versatile and keep up to date with various developments. Product Manager will also be responsible
for obtaining Senior Management approval and funding for proposed strategies and plans.
Product Manager Personality Synopsis:
Common traits of Product Managers include them being result oriented and creative; possess strong
interpersonal, analytical and communication skills; and have entrepreneurial aptitude.
Product Manager must be a unique blend of business and technical savvy; a big–picture vision and
the drive to make that vision a reality. He must enjoy spending time in the market to understand
sales force problems, and find innovative solutions for the broader market.Product Manager be able
to communicate effectively with various departments of the company, with good interpersonal
skills. A product manager 's key role is strategic, not tactical. Knowledge Requirements include
product (s), marketing, communications, technical writing, economics, statistics,

The Boston Matrix A Product Portfolio
Business that provide a wide range of products and services should regularly study their product
portfolio. According to Lewis and Trevitt (2007) a product portfolio may be defined as "the range of
products sold or produced by a business". Businesses who strive for success should regularly study
their product portfolio as it could show where the firm stands within the market, this would help a
firm decide whether a product or service should be introduced or whether it should be taken off the
market (Wolinski, and Coates,2015; 184). A way to analyse a product portfolio is through the use of
the Boston matrix a tool that analyses "the position of a firm's products in terms of their market
share and the growth of the markets they operate in" (Surrdidge, Gillespie; 2002:66). For this
assignment the Boston matrix will be analysed and evaluated. By first looking in depth at the
Boston matrix, then by exploring the different components of the Boston matrix, and finally
determining its usefulness for any business. The Boston matrix could be seen as a 2x2 matrix that
consists of 4 different divisions also known as: stars, cash cows, the problem child and dogs
Scholes, and Johnson (2001). The x–axis of the matrix shows the market share compared to the
largest competitor and the y–axis shows the growth in the market (Lewis, and Trevitt, 2007:137).
McDonald (2007:211) explains that products and services are evaluated by market share because it
would indicate whether the product or

Essay Product Liability
In this age of endless lawsuits and litigation from everyone suing everyone else, one must ask the
question "where does product liability end and consumer responsibility begin?" This question has
been further complicated by occurrences that stretch to the most far–reaching ends of this spectrum,
the spectrum ranging from strict product liability of the company to complete consumer
responsibility. On the strict product liability of the company side, we have the cigarette industry
where the CEOs of the largest cigarette companies denied that their product was liable for the cause
of addiction. Almost all consumers know that the ingredient nicotine in cigarettes is addictive, due
to extensive scientific testing and reports on this fact. What ... Show more content on
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To understand the case of Alejandro Phillips v. Columbia Pictures, it is very important to look at the
arguments and points that can be made by both sides. First, I will examine the legal claims of Mr.
Phillips. The main argument made by Mr. Phillips was that Columbia Pictures was negligent in how
they marketed and advertised the movie Boyz N the Hood. He argued that the movie's advertising
falsely represented the movie by depicting only the main scenes of violence and leaving out the
pacifist themes at the heart of the movie. Mr. Phillips obviously believes that this false
representation is what caused the violence that lead to him being shot outside the theatre at the
showing of this movie. Now the question is whether or not Mr. Phillips's arguments have any root in
the legal realm. Can a company be held liable for leading consumers down the wrong path, whether
intentionally or not? According to the verdict reached in Denny v. Ford Motor Company, yes, "Ads
and marketing materials can subject manufacturers to litigation and, ultimately, to liability"
(Giliberti, p. 53). In this case, the Denny family was suing Ford because of a flipping incident that
occurred in the Denny's Bronco II while driving on normal roads. Ford argued that they were not
liable because the Bronco II is supposed to be used primarily for off road driving. "In response, the
Dennys introduced a Ford marketing manual predicting that many buyers would be

The New Product Is Gap Inc.
The new product is Gap Inc. own line of Handbags. This current does not exist within this Brand.
The new extension to this Brand and its new product (Handbags) will be called simple Handbags
but each bag will have its own name. For example there will have a satchel bag style and it will be
called "settle". There will also be a duffel bag style and it will be called "Bohemian"
Situation Analysis
This Marketing Plan will layout the launch of Gap Inc. new handbags for women and men that will
be an add accessory that all fashionista need in the closet. The handbag
Market Summary Handbag brands must differentiate themselves by their high end traits, quality
heritage of craftsmanship, style and design, global reputation, unique design and ... Show more
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It as being said that women are having more disposable income and handbags are the preferred
accessory to purchase amongst women and men. Handbags are considered to be the key statement
piece.
Market Needs
The market needs for quality hand bags have grown in recent years. Mom, students and professional
that are on the go and need that trendy handbag to care their necessities but will also add style to
what they are wearing is now a necessity amongst women and men consumers. Men are
increasingly purchasing man bags. Woman and men alike look for handbags that are stylish and
trendy, durable and eye catching. Man and women like to make a statement and need a handbag that
will help them to do so.
Market Trend
Value and price–consciousness, ethics trends, role of the internet 37% population purchase online
and particular features. Market Growth
In the past twenty years the economic has been on an emotional and financial roller–coaster. Just
when consumers feel they are on top of the world the recession hit and major adjustments and cuts
had to be made. Now the economy is bouncing back with more sounding savvy consumer who are
been smarter with their spending chooses and handbags purchases are increasing due to that. The
handbag market has grown increasingly steady by 30% over the past decade.
Swot Analysis
Strength
Craftsmanship
High Quality
History

Sustainability
Well–known

Perceptual Mapping Of A Product Or Brand
Perceptual mapping is a graphical technique that helps marketers to get a visual display regarding
perception of customers or potential customers. The position of a product or brand is displayed
comparative to their competition. Perceptual maps are often used to help the organization to classify
a positioning strategy. Perceptual mapping graph is useful to find out strength and weakness
compare to other company product. Also, it helps to recognize the competitive advantage for the
product. Moreover, it finds the market opportunity. It shows the empty space where brand or product
has opportunities to improve their product quality and retain or gain competitive advantage. In
perpetual mapping products are evaluate in terms of board ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Below I am going to do perceptual mapping for auto industry including rating one to five: In that
mapping I shown that my four quadrant are populated with different brand like as Mercedes, Audi,
Jaguar, Ford, Toyota, Honda, Porches, BMW and Mazda. Also, there have four attributes in that
mapping .Those are Expensive VS Cheap and Sporty VS Conservative. In vertical axis I have
shown Sporty VS Conservative and horizontal axis I shown Expensive VS Cheap. Moreover I rate
this in five point rating scale (1–5) and attach a excel file with that for a clear view of my mapping.
In that mapping Jaguar is my selected brand and main competitors are Mercedes and Audi. So, after
reviewing that map it can be say that for this three specific brand there has same target customer.
However, among those three brands Jaguar holds a moderate position that means they have sporty
cars but not like the competitor. So, to get a better position jaguar has to reposition this brand. For
that Jaguar have to identify competitor advantages that it do not have right now. In that mapping the
market leader is Audi .That means they have different variety of sports cars and those cars are more
expensive. Mercedes holds second position in that market that means they have more sports cars
rather than Jaguar but not as many as Audi. However, there cars are not much expensive. After
analyzing this perceptual map I identify two things that

1. Executive Summary ....................................................................................................03
2. Introduction .................................................................................................................04
3. Product Development Overview .................................................................................05 3.1 Need
for continual Product Development.......................................................05 3.2 NPD
Process...........................................................................06 3.3 Types of New Products
....................................................................................12 3.4 Product Development ... Show more
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While some of these differences are the result of legitimate differences in their business strategy,
business environment, organization, and the nature of their products, a frequent problem is the lack
of a common framework of the best practices of product development. With extensive investment of
time, an organization could develop the broad, internal expertise necessary to produce an effective
improvement plan for product development. During the entire process from conceptualizing to the
launch of new product;the activities of the production and marketing functions are as important as
those of product development/design function. Many of these activities are interdependent and the
new product design must fit in not only with the production and marketing functions of the company
but also with a company's marketing & operations strategies and the existing systems & policies.If a
new design warrants change in these strategies or policies or systems , it needs the wholehearted
concurrence of production & marketing functions.
NEED FOR PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
In today's competitive world, companies must aggressively improve the way that they develop
products. While the concepts of NPD are simple, the implementation of these practices and the
process of changing a company 's culture is challenging. Success can be achieved with a well–
planned and managed effort. Management must understand not only the

Advantages Of B2B Products
Designing B2B products vis–à–vis B2C products When we, at Edfora, set out to design B2B
products such as SchoolPAT and HelloApp, the first question to be asked was – "How designing a
B2B product should be different from designing a B2C product?". Ideally, there should be no
difference except the targeted user. All the differences in designing a product for the users inside an
organization arise out of the differences in the nature of a B2B user vis–à–vis B2C user. Few of
them can be listed as below: 1. Requirement Gathering Understanding requirements for a B2B
product is a complex exercise as it involves understanding of the intricacies of a particular business.
Most of the time UX practitioners are unable to develop any understanding of the business
landscape and they view business transactions individually not in totality. The result of this becomes
a bloated and complicated product with low usability. Due to these reasons, it becomes imperative
that designers spend time understanding the wider landscape in which business transactions exist as
a whole. Once they have knowledge of the business landscape, their interactions with users take a
different meaning and they are able to come up with design which focuses on the customer
interactions with the product in a holistic manner. 2. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Iteration Speed Product development and release cycles are much bigger for B2B products
compared to B2C products. For a B2C product, the product manager can always cut the list of
features to focus on priorities and put a "Beta" logo to set the right expectations. But, this is not so
easy with a B2B product where the product manager should ensure that the product quality and
features match with the customer expectations. This is the reason B2C can be a lot quicker than B2B
and it depends entirely on the execution speed whereas B2B products will take

A New Product Introduced By Company
A new product introduced by company always impacts its existing products of same or similar
category. Cannibalization in economics is defined as "The negative impact of a company 's new
product on the sales performance of its existing related products. Market cannibalization refers to a
situation where a new product "eats" up the sales and demand of an existing product."
(Investopedia). The energy bars are one of the best selling products of HPC. The introduction of the
new Energy Gel product will cannibalize the sales of energy bar and may reduce the company's
overall profitability. Though in future, the energy gel will provide HPC with product differentiation
approach, but in short term it will impact the sales of the best selling energy bars. Mr. Leiter the
product manager of the energy bars projects that energy gel will reduce the energy bar sales by
roughly 10% per year. That argument does not holds true as first year the energy gel will only be
producing 4.2 Million units and against project 43.3 Million units of energy bar. The segment and
demography of the energy gel and energy bar are slightly different, not everyone who buys energy
gel will buy it in lieu of energy bar which is best selling product at present and it may take few years
before market will get use and acquainted by the advantageous energy gel product. Since, no big
companies are in energy gel market, its more probable that HPC's energy gel product may put a dent
on the other small companies selling

Marketing Plan For A Product Concept
Marketing plan Product Product concept The Total product concept refers to the bundle of services
offered by a product/service. For example Healthy happy foody total product can be explained as all
the benefits customers receive by using the product, from service of providing food to fresh and
healthy options to eat. Total product concept is used by the customers when evaluating the products
among different business and they distinguish benefits and go for the product which provides them
with best value for the money paid (Elliot, Rundle–Thiele & Waller 2012, p.216). Due this reason,
businesses use total product concept to differentiate their products from competitors and create a
unique position for them in the market. The total product concept can be analysed using four levels
Core product, Expected product, augmented product and Potential product. Product differentiation
When thinking about the food industry, one must understand that there is a wide variety of products
are offered. Different companies provide different products to different markets. Whether they use
psychographic, demographic or geographic segmentation to divide these markets, they try to make
their product more appealing than those of similar restaurants. Restaurants differentiate themselves
first through their dining experience. Quick service restraurants such as KFC, McDonald's etc, will
typically offer unhealthier, lower quality food, and, according to

The Concept Of Product Differentiation
These days, it can commonly be seen that many companies start offering customers the same
products and services. Particularly, when it is likely that those products and services are in such high
demand. For customers, this is a good value for them to have more options on selecting their most
preferable and quality product. In consequence, this circumstance will encourage more competitive
of trade in those products and services markets. Therefore, the most challenging work for emerging
company is to consider how to make their own products preferred by most consumers. It may seem
pointless to endeavour to compete in such environment. However, it still can be seen that many
companies often do come into the marketplace and eventually succeed in selling products and
services because they learned how to make their products and services become outstanding and
unique than the others. We called this kind of practice as 'product differentiation'. The aim of this
paper is to demonstrate the key concept of product differentiation used in today's market. Firstly, I
will discuss on the concept of product differentiation, how it can be applied to products and services
as a market strategy with reference to some literature reviews. Then I will move on doing a critical
study on the use of quality offering in differentiation market. I am going to analyse how the
company uses market segmentation as a way to approach to different types of customers. Finally, I
will end by explaining more

Avon Products-China Entry
Executive Summary – Avon Products
Avon Products is one of the major players in the cosmetics and toiletries industry with a sale of
about 10 billion US dollars in 2007 (Exhibits 1, 2 & 3). It has been globally competitive by creating
global brands and nurturing its powerful sales channel of Single–level Marketing (Direct Selling).
Globally, Avon competes with large cosmetics majors like P&G, Revlon and Shiseido to sell its
products. At the same time, it also competes with other major direct sellers like Amway, Mary Kay
and Tupperware to attract its sales force. Avon has primarily grown by accessing new geographies
and emerging economies such as Poland, Hungary, Yugoslavia and China where disposable incomes
are rising and women seek an ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The brand portfolio also includes brands like "becoming", which are targeted towards young
women.
In color cosmetics, Avon Color is the company's premier brand which includes three separate brand
extensions viz., Beyond Color (an anti–ageing line); Hydra Finish (sheer and natural cosmetics) and
Perfect Wear (transfer–proof, long–wearing products). Exhibit 7 shows a snapshot of the Product
portfolio for Avon.
Avon's Direct Selling Model and its Sales Representatives – A Tangible Resource
As a direct seller Avon did not rely on classic advertising and marketing methods, but on door–to–
door, word of mouth strategy through trained sales representatives. This has been the lifeblood of
the company and over the years this has proven to be its distinct source of competitive advantage as
well (Exhibit 8).
Here we are trying to apply the tests for competitively valuable resources to the direct selling model
of Avon.
1) Test of Inimitability – As a tangible resource, this has been inimitable because of the fact that
Avon's sales representatives were mainly women who wanted part time jobs. This was further re–
inforced given that Avon's concentration was on beauty related products and most of these women
were easily trained on these products. This helped them in reducing the cost of advertising and

Roles And Responsibilities Of Product Management
Introduction Product management is one of important element in the operation management.
Product management play an important organizational roles in the operation of a company. Product
management can be defined as the organization structure within business that manage the
development, marketing, and sales of a product or a set of product throughout the product life cycle.
It encompasses the broad set of activities required for a product to get into the market and how to
support it thereafter. Product management aim to control and handling all the process that related to
the product such as development, sales, quality assurance, sales and so on. A company with good
product management able to improve the product from all the process. A company able to enjoy the
benefits from a good product management as good product management able to help the company
to develop better product, enhance the marketing strategies, increase the quality and also the sales of
product. It is important for a company to maintain a good product management as product
management play the role in ensuring the success of the product of the ... Show more content on
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Poor definition of roles and responsibility is a serious issue that happen among the employee in the
product management regularly. When an employee was not clear with his or her own roles and
responsibility, how can his or her part of job can be done effectively? There are many employee's
title in product management such as product manager, product marketing manager, quality
assurance manager, sales manager and so on. The issues that related with poor definition of roles
and responsibility happen regularly in the product management because the product management is
a true cross–functional roles and most of the employee with different title did not understand fully
about their own roles and responsibility in the

Product Market Analysis Paper
Product Market Analysis Paper
March 22, 2015
Nathan Butler Jr.
As we wrap our final week in class, we've been discussing the proper format on how to promote or
advertise whether it's a sports drink, product, or any items in general. As I reflected over our class
discussions, I started to think about some of the products that I felt weren't receiving the proper
marketing tactics and although a few came in mind, I thought about this cleaning product known as
Awesome! Awesome Cleaning, which has been in business since 1983, is such a great product for
cleaning up many stains you possibly couldn't get to come clean with another popular cleaning
product such as grease stains, mold build up, etc. Although the product has a little strong ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Moving along, although Awesome has made an effort to promote their brand to a certain extent,
there's so many ways to improve their marketing strategy. As I mentioned earlier, their product
either receives a 30 minute info commercial advertisement, which is preferably during the late hours
or early morning hours or you're promoting one of the products where if you make a call to an toll
free number within a certain period of time, you'll get another bottle or cleaning product for free. I
wouldn't use that form of advertisement because there's so many consumers who would prefer not to
make the phone call and try a product when there are more accessible products in the main grocery
stores such as Lysol, Windex, etc. Awesome's strategy going forward should be informing the public
through commercials, radio advertisement, and even throughout the Internet that their product is
also available in the stores that you'll find all other popular cleaning brands. Compared to Lysol,
Windex, PineSol and other big name cleaning products, they offer some similar items and it's
cheaper; however, it's poorly marketed. As I was searching on the Internet about effective ways to
promote a small market product to a major network, I can across a selection under

Production Of A Product Line
Abstract– Everything that needs to be manufactured requires a 'precise' Bill of Materials (BoM)
which described exactly what specific items, components or parts composed the products that has
been specified / ordered. For complex configured products, such as mass–produced passenger cars,
the vehicle that is ordered by the client is configured to his / her requirements – on the basis of an
all–possible option in a 'configurable BoM' i.e. the 150% BoM from which all–possible 'configured
BoM variants' or the 100% BoMs can be created. The 150% BoM is just another name for a variant
structure, or more specifically, a configurable BoM which contains the 'art of the possible' of a
product line. A variant BoM contains more parts and assemblies than actually needed to assemble
the (final) product – the 150% of the parts. In Manufacturing terms, variant BoMs can be used
specifically for Assembled–To–Order or ETO (Engineered–To– Order). Variant management helps
to find the best combination of standard components and custom components which balances
customer's product requirements and product costs. This paper will give information on the process
towards creating & integrating the variants within the PLM for WARMAN and ISOGATE brand
products. In the Engineer – to – order (ETO) products and equipment industry, Manufacturers build
products designed to specific requirements. The challenges faced by the manufacturer's sales team
while handling customer requirements

Product Placement Essay examples
Introduction
Product placement can be considered a new marketing tool when associated within motion pictures
and television. It can result in a more positive brand attitude when the product is associated with a
character or group of characters that are preserved to be positive in the eyes of their audience. It is
the intention of this study to look at the effects of product placement and it's use in combination
with advertising and their effects on the target audience. This literature review is an attempt to view
both sides of the controversial issue.
Problem Statement
The problem of this study is the effect of product placement, used as a marketing tool, in motion
pictures, television, literature, Internet, and in games, and the ... Show more content on
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The story ( I was told) was the production company forgot to take off the Ford logo from the
vehicle. The day after the show aired the producers of the show thought that when Ford saw or
heard of their vehicle being on the show, they felt they were going to be sued. Well Ford did call the
next day but, instead of being upset, Ford offered the producers two new vehicles while they are in
production. Hence Product Placement in television started." (Weinberg)
Weinberg went on to ask company's why they use product placement and receive a overwhelming
response saying, "We do it because it is a heck of a lot less expensive than taking out an ad in a
magazine or doing a billboard ad." (Weinberg) He asked Sandra Sheri Sendra who is in charge of
Product Placement for MET–Rx & Worldwide Sports Nutrition if she is able to track the
effectiveness of product placement for her products and she said, "Absolutely! We did a promotion
with the Warner Brothers production, "Any Given Sunday". What we did was a insert in our Protein
Plus Bar. We track sales from the promotion. Suddenly our sales jumped 33%. The movie went from
third place in the box office and then dropped down, but we kept our promotion going. I spoke with
Warner Brothers and they would like to do more Product Placement with us, because after the film
dropped in the box office our promotion regenerated interest in the film causing it to shoot back up
in the charts.

Product Bundling (Case Study)
CONTENT
The group is presenting on the topic of product development and product bundling are significant
factors influencing market demand in telecommunication.
Product development involved modification of an existing product or its presentation, or
formulation of an entirely new product that satisfies a newly defined customer wants or market
niche.There are two parallel paths involved in the product development process, one involves the
idea generation, product design and detail engineering; the other involves market research and
marketing analysis. Companies typically see new product development as the first stage in
generating and commercializing new product within the overall strategic process of product life
cycle management ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The customers need to compare between the 3 big companies to cater for their own budget and
requirements. Usually for the phones product bundling, the phone itself will be charged half the
price of current market price and the customer will have to sign minimum 24 months contract with
certain amount of price. However, this is not included the charges for sms and calling out.
Therefore, usually this product bundling for phones is quite sneaky in terms of their marketing
because in the end, the monthly price that customer pay will be equal or more with the phone
market price. This is resulting of their terms and condition, that binds the customer to pay for 24
months and this not included charges incur if we are using the services.
However, with this emergence of product bundling, the shift for demand in communication has
increased drastically. This maybe because it provides customer of terms that they can pay in
monthly installment and not need to provide a large sum of cash to purchase the phone. This attracts
new, young customers that did not have large sum of savings to purchase the phone in their market
price. The question occurs is "How does the company cater to demand? As in, how do they know
that this phone will be marketable or saleable?".
In the presentation, explanation been given is that the demand comes from customer wanted the
items due to trends and exposure from social media. However, to focus

NEW–PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT IN TOURISM COMPANIES CASE STUDIES ON
NATURE–BASED ACTIVITY OPERATORS
Raija Komppula
University of Joensuu Department of Economics Box 111 FIN–80101 JOENSUU
Raija.Komppula@joensuu.fi
ABSTRACT New product development in tourism companies has been a nearly ignored theme in
tourism marketing literature. Research on product development has in major studies handled
destinations, development of resorts or sites as a total tourist product. This paper will introduce two
case studies, which will aim to help us to identify the major problems as well as key phases of the
new product development process in a small tourism company. The two examples represent Finnish
activity operators, which at the moment have the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Middleton 1989, Middleton & Clarke 2001, Holloway & Robinson 1995, Seaton & Bennet, Smith
1994 ) use the term "product" instead of the term "service" when they refer to the offering of the
company targeted for the customer. Authors often refer to the service marketing literature when
introducing the characteristics of the industry but use the traditional marketing management
terminology when discussing the product/service.
In this article we try to combine the terminologies of tourism marketing, services marketing and
product development and focus on the specific tourist products produced by individual tourism
businesses. Our aim is to discuss the product development, especially the new–product formulation
in small tourism businesses. There has been little interest in the research field in new–product
development processes in small scale tourism companies, how the new innovations are developed
into product concepts in individual tourism companies, although especially in rural tourism
development projects all over the Europe the authorities and marketing organisations call for new
tourist products. The aim of this paper is to illustrate the processes through which the companies
manage to satisfy the changing needs of their customers by producing new product offerings.
In chapter two we first discuss the components of the specific tourist product produced by an

Product Development
Abstract
This paper will discuss the generic product development process. The product development process
represents the basic sequence of steps or activities that a firm employs to conceive, design, and
bring a product to market (Jacobs & Chase, 2011). The process consists of six phases. Many of the
phases involve intellectual activities rather than physical activities. Many firms use the generic
product development process but others have more defined and precise process geared towards their
functions and products.
The product development process is essential to all business. Product development is the process of
designing, creating, and marketing an idea or project. The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Marketing will prepare for all sorts of testing. Many market research techniques are used to
encourage ideas including: running focus groups with consumers, channel members, and the
company's sales force; encouraging customer comments and suggestions via toll–free telephone
numbers and website forms; and gaining insight on competitive product developments through
secondary data sources. (Know This, 1998–2012).
Marketing would then start preparing for a launch date and execute the next step to manufacturing.
"A failure to define the product before development begins is a major cause of both new–product
failure and serious delays in time–to–market. In spite of the fact that early and stable product
definition is consistently cited as a key to success, firms continue to perform poorly here" (Dr.
Cooper & Dr. Edgett, 2006). The results of the study will reveal several insights regarding the
blueprint. The products will have their chosen material to make the finish product. The specification
will be documented, completed, tested and ready for manufacturer to produce. Meanwhile, the
design team will have to resist from making product changes during development. Any altering
away from the original design could result in a delay amongst training, marketing, or a launch date.
Also these changes would result in lost time and require a formal review. Ultimately these

Retailer Branded Products Essay
1. Introduction In the 21 century, thanks to the developments of technology and economy, world
retail receives a new opportunity for developing. To understand and predict the situation and
developments of world retail industry in 21 century, firstly, this report will evaluate the major
situation of retail within the first decade of 21 century by evaluating the development of retailers
branded products; then, the article will predict the future changes of retail industry. 2 .Development
of retailer branded products The development of retailer branded products can be evaluated from
three aspects: the reasons for retailers to develop it; the achievements over last ten years; the
changes of relationship between manufactures and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As the description of Figure3, the percentage of customers who prefer the retail brands increased
from 45% to 48% in U.S., within last decade. Figure3. Percentage of customers who prefer the retail
brands in USA market (Sources: Customer Research North America, 2009; Kumar, Benedict and
Steenkamp, 2007) 2.3 Changes of relationship between manufacturers and retailers Due to retailers
branded products, the main relationship between manufactures and retailers has changed. Compare
with the traditional relationship that the cooperation of suppliers and distributors, the new
relationship is complex. The new relationships between manufacturers and retailers are win–win
relationship and competition relationship (Ailawadi and Keller, 2004). 2.3.1 Win–Win relationship
Retailers branded products create win–win relationship between manufacturers and retailers. Both
parties can get more benefits. The retailers can get more benefits. Firstly the retailers get
differentiation. Traditionally, the products which manufacturers provide for each retailer are same.
However, under model of retailers branded products, the retailer could require manufacturers
produce specific products based on retailer's requirements. Therefore, these specific

The Problem Of Product Recall

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The Problem Of Product Recall