The document discusses the Rogerian approach in rhetoric, emphasizing the importance of ethos, pathos, and logos in effective writing and argumentation. It contrasts the Rogerian method, which fosters mutual understanding and empathetic communication, with more traditional adversarial approaches. Additionally, it explores the historical background of Carl Rogers and the development of his person-centered theory in humanistic psychology.

1. The Rogerian Approach
Chapter 1 Review Questions:
Invention in rhetoric is the process of using ethos, pathos, and logos to create your own idea for a
piece that you will write. It is essentially forming words and ideas of what to say and how to say
them in order to be successful in an AP course.
Ethos is the credibility or the reliability of the author and establishes feasibility throughout the text.
Logos is the logic in all of the content and usually gives factual evidence or some type of important
information that relates to the subject.
Pathos is the emotional aspect of the message and is used to draw in the reader. It touches your
heart instead of your brain which is an effective way to capture the audience.
They come in a perfect balance as people use...show more content...
The statement is present, however something is needed to back it up and give justification. The
claim will show your stance and the reasons will sustain that stance and carry it further.
The warrant is the principle that is crucial for the audience's understanding. It is the element that
secures the claim to the proof using a detailed affirmation that might not have been picked up on had
it not been mentioned. Often abstract ideas will fly over the reader's head and the purpose will
therefore be ineffectual.
The Rogerian Approach is a strategy that keeps the audience on the same page as the author,
whereas the average argument will strike a tear because of different beliefs. This technique uses
mutual understanding and thoughts to stick on the same level instead of drawing a divide by
creating two sides to an issue. It isn't about winning or losing in this scenario, it is more about the
presentation of the argument in keeping good taste with the reader.
The "says/does analysis" type of rhetoric is very smooth and straightforward. It simply summarizes
or gives quotes directly from the text at hand, then pulls them apart to illustrate the writer's
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2. The expression argument has two meanings in scholarly writing. First, it means a composition that
takes a position on one side of a divisive issue. You might write an argument against the death
penalty, or for or against censorship of pornography. But argument has another meaning, too. It
means an essay that, simply, argues a point. You might assemble an argument about the significance
of ancestor myths in a certain aborigine culture, or you might write an argument defending your
understanding of any poem or essay that is read in your philosophy class. (Winthrop University)
You are not necessarily taking one side of a divisive issue, but you are required to defend your
points with credible evidence. You are taking a position. In a sense,...show more content...
In emotionally stimulating situations, however, the audience will hold more sturdily to its beliefs
the more strongly those beliefs are challenged. Young, Becker and Pike suggest breaking these
barriers to communication by using a variation of Rogers' non–directive therapy. In
"Communication: Its Blocking and its Facilitation," Rogers suggests that in emotional disputes,
neither party should put forward a position until she has carefully, non–judgmentally and with the
maximum possible empathy restated the position of the other, to the other's satisfaction. (Brent)
This will convey to the other the sense that he is understood and that the two parties are more
similar than different, thereby creating a context for communication. (Brent) Carl Rogers was born
January 8, 1902 in Oak Park, Illinois, the fourth of six children. His education started in the second
grade because he could already read before kindergarten. He spent his adolescence isolated,
independent and self–disciplined. He went to the University of Wisconsin as an agriculture major,
but later switched to religion to study for the ministry. He has been quoted as saying "that his new
experiences so broadened his thinking that he began to doubt some of his basic religious views."
(Boeree) Carl Rogers later married Ms. Helen Elliot and moved to New York to start school at the
Union Theological Seminary, a famous liberal religious institution.
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3. Rogerian Theory
Rogerian Theory: The Person–Centered Approach of Therapy Humanistic psychology was
developed from the many counter reactions towards psychoanalytic and behavioristic theories. In
addition, it is considered the third force of psychology and it consists of theories that have a holistic
approach to human nature. One of the most significant and establishing theorists of the humanistic
force was Carl Rogers, as he developed the Person–Centered Theory. Over the years, his theory has
deeply expanded and influenced the knowledge of many mental health professions.
Early life of Theorist Carl Ransom Rogers was the fourth of six children, in which five were boys.
He was born on January 8, 1902, in Oak Park, Illinois. His parents, Walter and Julia Cushing Rogers
were "devoted and loving parents, giving a great deal of time and energy to creating a family"
(Boring and Lindzey, 1967, pg. 344). As a child, Rogers learned to place the most value in work and
religion. At the age of seven, Rogers became particularly interested in the Bible and was capable of
reading advanced Bible books (Boring and Lindzey, 1967, pg. 344). His incredible academic abilities
and studious personality allowed him to skip grades, however, he was "teased a great deal [by
others] and [was] called Professor Moony" (Boring and Lindzey, 1967, pg. 345). Furthermore,
Rogers described himself as a "dreamy youngster...lost in fantasy most of the time" (Boring &
Lindzey, 1967, p. 345). He was "sensitive, [a] shy introvert,
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4. The Rogerian Argument
The Rogerian Approach of argument is a very diplomatic way to fight your case. Approaching an
argument is very delicate because you need to appeal to your audience's ethos, pathos, and logos.
Without successfully appealing to your audience, you will be unable to effectively argue your
position rationally. This is an absolute necessity because no one wants to fight a battle that is
already lost. It is possible to use another argumentative approach, but the Rogerian is an easier way
to fulfill the audience's logical and emotional appeals as well as making your argument credible. The
Rogerian method will be effective when arguing emotional, hot–button issues. For example, illegal
immigration is a very sensitive topic because it affects
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5. Rogerian Argument Essay
12th June, 2013 Does the high level of Carbon Dioxide (C02) possibly harm the Earth's planetary
biosphere, or has it already done so; in fact, many worldwide scientists have protested that the Earth
is at its 'tipping point' but no efforts have been adapted to save the biosphere? A support of this
controversial topic; congressional meeting and testimony, is from one of the top U.S. climate
scientists, James Hansen to Former Vice President Al Gore, with an emphasis on the cause of C02.
Beyond the ozone layer is atmospherically holey, Earth's temperature is rising, and the climate
changing conversely, one that people trivialized the most is: Global warming. Increasingly, subject to
concern not only via online discussion, magazine and...show more content...
How would this have happened, with the increase of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in
the atmosphere, and if this carries on, then the earth will burn up. United States in 2006, the impact
of BP oil spilled which left countless species of marine life devastated–to its demise–the
communities that rely on the Gulf for natural resources. Across the nation, communities have faced
devastating levels of water and air pollution as a result of coal burning power plants. In addition,
every region is affected by severe weathers–droughts in the Midwest, wildfires in western states and
floods in the southeast. Global warming is fundamentally changing the planet that has sustained the
civilization. The emphasis is, will people continue to exploit the planet or take action by going on
green–or inaction like having some social animals to be adapted to seek out only toward others.
Human too, can escape the inevitable by: re–cycling, driving smart cars, using energy efficient
technology or ultimately reduce the burning of fossil fuels, etc. The United States presently leads the
world in the production of carbon dioxide emissions. Daily supplies come from sources such as:
energy, transportation and sewage treatment, which comes from the burning of fossil fuels. The
amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has increased more than 30% since the start of the
industrial revolution. Carbon dioxide (C02) is a greenhouse gas discharged through
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6. Rogerian Approach
Rogerian Approach Assignment Is social media creating a gap between human interaction? On the
negative side empathy could become extinct as time goes on. Society has let social media control
their lives in negative and positive ways. People can track more than each other. There are devices
that enhance your heath by tracking movement, sleep and much more. The virtual world helps
people stay connected electronically while separating the human interaction. The concept that
people are living in a virtual world can be very controversial depending on who you are asking.
People connecting to one another at such a high level does have some positives. Social media has
brought other technology's which help us stay connected in different ways that enhance are life's.
There are devices that enable us to...show more content...
When devices like cell phones were developed, their original intent was just to communicate by
voice. As Lam (2012) explains there was a group of teenagers from Florida out for revenge. There
whole intention was to use You Tube to publicize the beating for maximum social media effect,
without any regard what happened to the group legally. Lam (2012) points out the girls beating was
influenced by You Tubes ten–minute video limit. Social media changes peoples inhabitations in a
negative way. Lam (2012) explains how Clifford Nass, a communications professor at Stanford
feel people empathy for each other is at a critical state "A significant fraction of people's
experiences are now fragmented." People have lost focus on how to truly communicate with one
another. You cannot truly express your feeling through an electronic medium. You are able to hid
you real feeling using social media. Lam (2012) points out according to New York Time, scientist
all of this screen time is causing a significant shift in are brains wiring. People have split themselves
in half, there social media side and physical
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7. Rogerian Essay
Trevor Barthel
Prof. Oneil
Effectiveness in Writing
19 May 2012 1) I am writing this essay because I am a huge advocate of a free internet. The
internet should not be able to be monitored by the US government or anyone else. In this essay, I
plan to inform the reader on what the US is trying to do to the free internet. 2) I learned a lot by
completing this assignment. Most importantly, I learned how to write a Rogerian essay. It was
interesting learning about my topic, but learning how to write this essay will benefit me more in
life. 3) The only difficulty that I encountered was the sorting out people's personal views, and facts.
Everyone seems to have his or her own view on this issue. 4) I really enjoy anything...show more
content...
This bill was highly unpopular throughout the internet community. On January 18th, 2012,
Wikipedia and 7,000 other websites went down for a whole day. They did this to raise awareness
of the bill, and the unfairness to the American people. SOPA did not pass all the way through
Congress and become a law. The Cyber Intelligence Sharing and Protection Act was introduced
shortly after SOPA. CISPA was promised to be a more refined version of SOPA that would be
more effective. CISPA is designed "with the intention of allowing more sharing of cyber security
threat information between the private sector and the government" (Greenberg, 36). This bill is
currently very lax on certain aspects of internet privacy. The bill was written so that companies
would be required to share certain personal information with government agencies without limits
or proper security measures in place. "... the bill 's vague language would allow too much of users
' private information to be leaked to the government and that it doesn 't go far enough to offer real
defenses against digital attacks" (Greenberg, 68). CISPA has passed the House "by a comfortable
margin of 248 to 168" (McCullagh,1). Many American's are opposed to CISPA. This is because of
the hidden, loose terms that would allow their personal information to be freely shared with the FBI,
Department of Homeland Security, and other government
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8. Rogerian Argument
I am accustom to the Rogerian argument because it emphasizes goodwill and an understanding of
the opposing side. It capitalizes on an honest social connection, rather than a confrontational
objective. Rogerian argument commits to find a common place to resolve a solution. The style tries
not to find the opposing side wrong but find compromise. Although I have not declared a major, I
plan to minor in Spanish. With Spanish, I would love to pursue something related to international
affairs. Rogerian argument would work best because many issues that are relating to Spanish stem
from a lack of understanding from a different party. Rogerian arguments allow me to gain credibility
because I will be able to speak about the opposing argument to find
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9. Rogerian Argument
By definition, "Argument is an activity, often pleasurable and productive, that engages us at high
levels of inquiry and critical thinking" (Ramage 2). Although, in my opinion, argument can be
defined as a disagreement between two people with opposing views and or beliefs on a given issue.
An argument that comes easily to mind is one that my mother and I had post–prom. We were
disagreeing on whether I should be able to attend an after–party at one of my friends' homes in New
York. I believed that I should be able to attend because I was 18, I was about to graduate, and it
was possibly the last time my friends and I would be able to have fun together for a while. She
disagreed, countering with the fact that there would be alcohol at the party,
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