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Reformation Introduction, Martin Luther
- 1. The Early Church for Today Reformation 501
- 2. The Early Church for Today Reformation 501 For Protestants... The Reformation is our Tradition.
- 3. The Early Church for Today Reformation 501 1. Define the Major Reformation Teachings. 2. Compare them to the Early Christian Commentary. 3. Then ask, What all this Means for Today?
- 4. The Early Church for Today Reformation 501 PART 1: Introduction to the Reformations. The Medieval Church Martin Luther Zwingli Anabaptists Henry VIII Calvin Trent
- 5. The Early Church for Today Reformation 501 PART 2: The Reformation Topics. Sola Fide Sola Scriptura Priesthood of the Believer Sola Gracia and Others...
- 6. Biblical, Systematic, and Historical Theologies What is Theology? Talking about God, And relating things to God.
- 7. Biblical, Systematic, and Historical Theologies What is Biblical Theology? What is Systematic Theology? What is Historical Theology?
- 8. Biblical, Systematic, and Historical Theologies What is Biblical Theology? “Because scholars have tended to use the term in different ways, biblical theology has been notoriously difficult to define.”
- 9. Biblical, Systematic, and Historical Theologies What is Biblical Theology? What is “biblical”? ...that which is in concord, in harmony, in agreement with scripture. How should we understand “biblical theology”? Biblical theology stays close to the passage. It is not doctrinally focused, it is exegetical. It does not begin by asking, “What is the trinity?” but, “What does Paul mean in a particular passage?”
- 10. Biblical, Systematic, and Historical Theologies What is Systematic Theology? “Systematic theology formulates an orderly, rational, and coherent account of the doctrines of the Christian faith.” Topical Doctrinal Ruling Metaphors The Work of an Individual
- 11. Biblical, Systematic, and Historical Theologies What is Historical Theology? “Investigates the socio-historical and cultural mechanisms that give rise to theological ideas, statements, and systems.”
- 12. The State of the Medieval Church
- 13. The State of the Medieval Church 1. The Unifying force of Europe.
- 14. The State of the Medieval Church 1. The Unifying force of Europe. 2. The Medieval Church
- 15. The State of the Medieval Church 1. The Unifying force of Europe. 2. The Medieval Church a. East and West
- 16. The State of the Medieval Church 1. The Unifying force of Europe. 2. The Medieval Church a. East and West b. Hierarchy
- 17. The State of the Medieval Church 1. The Unifying force of Europe. 2. The Medieval Church a. East and West b. Hierarchy c. The Spirit and the Church
- 18. The State of the Medieval Church 1. The Unifying force of Europe. 2. The Medieval Church a. East and West b. Hierarchy c. The Spirit and the Church d. Church and State
- 19. The State of the Medieval Church 1. The Unifying force of Europe. 2. The Medieval Church a. East and West b. Hierarchy c. The Spirit and the Church d. Church and State e. Consolidating Control
- 20. The State of the Medieval Church 1. The Unifying force of Europe. 2. The Medieval Church a. East and West b. Hierarchy c. The Spirit and the Church d. Church and State e. Consolidating Control Many of the issues that we associate with the Reformation had not been clearly defined by the Catholic Church yet.
- 21. The State of the Medieval Church 1. The Unifying force of Europe. 2. The Medieval Church 3. Call the Midwife
- 22. The State of the Medieval Church 1. The Unifying force of Europe. 2. The Medieval Church 3. Call the Midwife a. The Renaissance
- 23. The State of the Medieval Church 1. The Unifying force of Europe. 2. The Medieval Church 3. Call the Midwife a. The Renaissance b. The Northern Renaissance
- 24. The State of the Medieval Church 1. The Unifying force of Europe. 2. The Medieval Church 3. Call the Midwife a. The Renaissance b. The Northern Renaissance c. The times they are a changin’
- 25. Saint Anne Save Me! Martin Luther’s Reformation
- 27. Martin Luther’s Reformation 1. Early Life a. Parents Hans & Margarethe Luder
- 28. Martin Luther’s Reformation 1. Early Life a. Parents b. Lawyer Hans & Margarethe Luder
- 29. Martin Luther’s Reformation 1. Early Life 2. Augustinian Monk a. Saint Anne Save Me!
- 30. Martin Luther’s Reformation 1. Early Life 2. Augustinian Monk a. Saint Anne Save Me! b. Fear and the Mass
- 31. Martin Luther’s Reformation 1. Early Life 2. Augustinian Monk a. Saint Anne Save Me! b. Fear and the Mass c. Confession Johann von Staupitz
- 32. Martin Luther’s Reformation 1. Early Life 2. Augustinian Monk “I love God. Sometimes I hate him.” “Be perfect as my heavenly Father is perfect” Matthew 5:48
- 33. Martin Luther’s Reformation 1. Early Life 2. Augustinian Monk “If any monk would ever get to heaven through monkery, it would be me.”
- 34. Martin Luther’s Reformation 1. Early Life 2. Augustinian Monk a. Saint Anne Save Me! b. Fear and the Mass c. Confession d. Trip to Rome
- 35. Martin Luther’s Reformation 1. Early Life 2. Augustinian Monk a. Saint Anne Save Me! b. Fear and the Mass c. Confession d. Trip to Rome e. From Fear to Faith!
- 36. Martin Luther’s Reformation Romans 1: 17 “For in the gospel the righteousness of God is revealed—a righteousness that is by faith from first to last, just as it is written: ‘The righteous will live by faith.’” Early Luther, By righteousness we will find faith. New Luther, By faith we will find righteousness.
- 37. Martin Luther’s Reformation Romans 1: 17 “For in the gospel the righteousness of God is revealed—a righteousness that is by faith from first to last, just as it is written: ‘The righteous will live by faith.’” Early Luther, By righteousness we will find faith. New Luther, By faith we will find righteousness. A Passive Righteousness
- 38. Martin Luther’s Reformation 1. Early Life 2. Augustinian Monk 3. The Break With Rome
- 39. Martin Luther’s Reformation 1. Early Life 2. Augustinian Monk 3. The Break With Rome a. Indulgences
- 40. “As soon as the gold in the casket rings, the rescued soul to heaven springs.” Indulgences Purgatory Merit The Church’s Treasury Indulgences "apply only to the temporal punishment due to sins which have been already repented of and confessed”. Not a get out of hell free card!
- 41. “As soon as the gold in the casket rings, the rescued soul to heaven springs.” Indulgences Purgatory Merit The Church’s Treasury “...each man’s work will become manifest; for the Day will disclose it, because it will be revealed with fire, and the fire will test what sort of work each one has done. If the work which any man has built on the foundation survives, he will receive a reward. If any man’s work is burned up, he will suffer loss, though he himself will be saved, but only as through fire.” 1 Corinthians 3
- 42. “As soon as the gold in the casket rings, the rescued soul to heaven springs.” Indulgences Purgatory Merit The Church’s Treasury “Jesus said to him, ‘If you would be perfect, go, sell what you possess and give to the poor, and you will have treasure in heaven; and come, follow me’.” Matthew 19
- 43. “As soon as the gold in the casket rings, the rescued soul to heaven springs.” Indulgences Purgatory Merit The Church’s Treasury “And I tell you that you are Peter, and on this rock I will build my church, and the gates of Hades will not overcome it. I will give you the keys of the kingdom of heaven; whatever you bind on earth will be bound in heaven, and whatever you loose on earth will be loosed in heaven.” Matthew 16
- 44. Martin Luther’s Reformation 1. Early Life 2. Augustinian Monk 3. The Break With Rome a. Indulgences b. 95 Theses (1517)
- 45. Martin Luther’s Reformation “Why does not the pope empty purgatory for the sake of holy love and the dire need of the souls that are there if he redeems an infinite number of souls for the sake of miserable money with which to build a church?"
- 46. Martin Luther’s Reformation "Why does not the pope, whose wealth is today greater than the wealth of the richest Crassus, build this one basilica of St. Peter with his own money rather than with the money of poor believers?"
- 47. Martin Luther’s Reformation Would the Protestant Reformation been possible without the printing press?
- 48. Martin Luther’s Reformation 1. Early Life 2. Augustinian Monk 3. The Break With Rome a. Indulgences b. 95 Theses (1517) c. The Heretic at Augsburg (1518)
- 49. Martin Luther’s Reformation 1. Early Life 2. Augustinian Monk 3. The Break With Rome a. Indulgences b. 95 Theses (1517) c. The Heretic at Augsburg (1518) c. Debates Eck at Leipzig (1519)
- 50. Martin Luther’s Reformation e. The Papal Decree (1520) “Arise, O Lord, and judge your own cause... ...for foxes have arisen seeking to destroy the vineyard whose winepress you alone have trod. When you were about to ascend to your Father, you committed the care, rule, and administration of the vineyard, an image of the triumphant church, to Peter, as the head and your vicar and his successors. The wild boar from the forest seeks to destroy it and every wild beast feeds upon it...”
- 52. Martin Luther’s Reformation f. The Assembly at Worms (1521)
- 53. Martin Luther’s Reformation “Unless I am convinced by the testimony of the Scriptures or by clear reason (for I do not trust either in the pope or in councils alone, since it is well known that they have often erred and contradicted themselves), I am bound by the Scriptures I have quoted and my conscience is captive to the Word of God. I cannot and will not recant anything, since it is neither safe nor right to go against conscience. Here I stand! May God help me. Amen” Martin Luther
- 54. Martin Luther’s Reformation “Martin, there is no one of the heresies which have torn the bosom of the church, which has not derived its origin from the various interpretation of the Scripture. The Bible itself is the arsenal whence each innovator has drawn his deceptive arguments. It was with biblical texts that Pelagius and Arius maintained their doctrines...” Johann Eck
- 57. Martin Luther’s Reformation 1. Early Life 2. Augustinian Monk 3. The Break With Rome 4. Early Lutheranism
- 58. Martin Luther’s Reformation 1. Early Life 2. Augustinian Monk 3. The Break With Rome 4. Early Lutheranism a. Writings
- 59. Martin Luther’s Reformation 1. Early Life 2. Augustinian Monk 3. The Break With Rome 4. Early Lutheranism a. Writings 95 Theses The German New Testament Bondage of the Will To The Christian Nobility The Babylonian Captivity of the Church The Freedom of a Christian The Large and Small Catechisms Articles of Faith Klug’s Songbook (A Mighty Fortress) Table Talk* The Augsburg Confession**
- 60. Martin Luther’s Reformation 1. Early Life 2. Augustinian Monk 3. The Break With Rome 4. Early Lutheranism a. Writings b. Music and Marriage
- 61. Martin Luther’s Reformation 1. Early Life 2. Augustinian Monk 3. The Break With Rome 4. Early Lutheranism a. Writings b. Music and Marriage “At home I have good wine and beer and a beautiful wife, or (shall I say) lord.”
- 62. Martin Luther’s Reformation 1. Early Life 2. Augustinian Monk 3. The Break With Rome 4. Early Lutheranism a. Writings b. Music and Marriage c. Teachings Sola Fide (Justification by Faith Alone) Sola Scriptura (Scriptures Alone) Priesthood of the Believer
- 63. Martin Luther’s Reformation 1. Early Life 2. Augustinian Monk 3. The Break With Rome 4. Early Lutheranism 5. Criticism
- 64. Martin Luther’s Reformation 1. Early Life 2. Augustinian Monk 3. The Break With Rome 4. Early Lutheranism 5. Criticism Breaking Vows Anti-Semitism Abusive Language Pope Luther An Epistle of Straw
- 65. Martin Luther’s Reformation 1. Early Life 2. Augustinian Monk 3. The Break With Rome 4. Early Lutheranism 5. Criticism 6. Luther on the Church Fathers
- 66. Martin Luther’s Reformation Luther recognized Jerome as a great intellectual and translator, but hated his teachings. Luther respected Augustine the most, but even here he found plenty to criticize, such as a lack of Sola Fide.
Editor's Notes
- It also impacted Roman Catholicism. We look for what we expect to find.
- Also: CHRIST ALONE: SOLUS CHRISTUS TO THE GLORY OF GOD ALONE: SOLI DEO GLORIAN Sacraments
- Does “biblical” refer to method, i.e. the use of scripture? Or, should the word be used as in content, i.e. saying the same thing as scripture? Or, is it the investigation of scriptural passages?
- Ruling Metaphors become the interpretive principle. A humanistic construction. Influenced by culture and philosophy.
- Luther’s story is a tale of culture, personal issues, events… that lead to his theology.
- When Rome fell the Church kept it together.
- Three categories of people: Those that fight, those that pray, those that work. The Great Chain of Being (as opposed to the Web of Life).
- The Spirit is still at work through the Church. Holy Tradition continues and grows by the Spirit. Doctrines, i.e. purgatory, merit, authority, are developing.
- Pope Gregory VII and King Henry IV The pope is a political power, not just a spiritual authority (as in present day).
- Heretics were burned because they were a disease in society. Education: Universities (Galileo) Clergy & Laity, Monks & Nuns, Miracle of the Mass, Keys to the Kingdom…
- There is no clear definition on Justification in the Catholic Church yet. They do not have a clear definition on the authority of the pope, that is still being discussed. Many of these topics will be clarified at the Council of Trent in reaction against the Reformers.
- Mainly in Italy (Florence) Inspired by the past, ancient Romans and Greeks. If the Renaissance is the Birth of Western Civilization, they the Middle Ages was the pregnancy.
- Erasmus gathered Greek manuscripts. He is said to have laid the egg that Luther hatched. Inspiration from the past. Focus on Scripture, Church Fathers, and Historical Context.
- Holy Roman Empire (1700) According to Voltaire, it was not Holy, neither was it Roman, nor was it an empire. A conglomeration of states.
- Lightening was not understood. Often is was still viewed as directly from God. Note: Fear, Patron Saint, Making a deal with God. All went well as a novice at the Augustinian monastery. Would Benedict or Basil have accepted him in? Probably not.
- Note the FEAR!
- Note the FEAR!
- Note the FEAR! “The fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom”, but that is not the END of Wisdom. The End (goal) of Wisdom is Love. to realize that there is no reason to fear God.
- Disillusioned by Rome.
- He was sent to Rome on business for the Augustinian order. by Rome.
- Doctor of Theology Luther’s world completely changed.
- The Righteous will live by faith, but I can’t be righteous, so I can’t live by faith. Luther the realized that it is a righteousness that COMES BY faith. Faith first, then righteousness. A PASSIVE righteousness.
- This Changed Luther! A spiritual Copernican Revolution.
- Johann Tetzel (1465-1519)
- Note: Council of Trent would also condemn the selling of Indulgences. God has forgiven the sin; but the debt still needs to be paid. As if I broke a window and the owner has forgiven me, but I still owe the replacement of the widow.
- Purgatory is about cleansing. Post-Baptismal sin. What sins have not be repented of, what is still in need of purification. The goal of purgatory is Heaven.
- Merit is similar to Reward, Good Works. Replacing the Window. Only Christ Merits salvation, which he grants to us. The Saints have done Good Works (Treasures) above and beyond. Pilgrimages, Charity, visiting Relics, doing Penance… A Balancing Act?
- Is the Church able to distribute the extra Merit (Good Works)? Luther’s Problem: You can’t sell God’s Grace. Council of Trent would agree.
- In other words, Why are you holding these poor sinners ransom?
- Movable Type.
- Luther was interviewed by Cardinal Cajetan. Luther was ordered to recant, he refused. Cajetan was under orders, if Luther refused to recant he was to be arrested and taken to Rome. Luther, with help, escaped. There were many debates going on during this time over Luther’s teachings.
- Luther clearly affirms sola scriptura. The scriptures are the authority for basis
- Clearly a heretic under Canon Law. Pope Leo X The Papal Bull (Bulla).
- Clearly, a very defiant act.
- The Diet of Worms (Assembly at Worms) Before Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor (who was also Charles I of Spain) He ruled both nations. Johann Eck is present. Luther will be declared an Outlaw under Civil Law.
- The “Here I stand” portion is generally considered a later add-on.
- Luther is declared an Outlaw! Eck is arguing that that a Final Interpretive Authority (Pope) is needed. Of course that is not the only way to deal with this situation.
- Luther was promised safe conduct, but was in danger. Fredrick the Wise, Prince of Saxony
- Luther was promised safe conduct, but was in danger. Fredrick the Wise, Prince of Saxony
- * Compiled by his students. **Written by Philip Melanchthon
- The married life becomes the good life, spiritually good.
- Luther appears to think (hope) that Augustine would have sided with the Reformers. Luther did not engage as much with the Greek Fathers. Our struggle: Can we find the Reformation Teachings in the Early Christians writings?