MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGY

1. Monday, August 26, 2019
Jones H.M-MBA
1
PERSONAL
GROWTH AND
DEVELOPMENT by
Mr. Jones H.M-MBA

2. GROWTH
 This is an increase in some
quantity overtime. The quantity can
be physical e.g. growth in height.
 An increase in the amount of
actively metabolic protoplasm,
accompanied by an increase in cell
number, or cell size, or both.
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3. GROWTH CONT
 The increase in the size of the
organism or its parts, measured as
an increase in weight, volume, or
linear dimensions.
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2019 Jones H.M-MBA 3

4. Development
1. This is change or growth with
increase in complexity
2. A series of events occurring in an
organism during the change from
the fertilized egg to the adult stage.
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5. FACTORS AFFECTING GROWTH AND
DEVELOPMENT
Growth and development depends on
not only one bit a combination of
many factors
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FACTORS
AFFECTING
GROWTH &
DEVELOPMENT
HERIDITY &
GENETIC FACTORS
ENVIRONMENTAL
FACTORS
Jones H.M-MBA

6. 1. HERIDITY AND GENETIC FACTORS
a. Phenotype
b. Characteristics of parents
c. Race
d. Sex
e. Bio-Rhythm and Maturation
f. Genetic Disorders
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7. A. PHENOTYPE
 A phenotype is any observable
characteristic or trait of an
organism: such as its morphology,
development, biochemical or
physiological properties, or behavior.
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8. PHENOTYPE cont
 Parental traits are transmitted
to the offspring's.
 Height, size of the head,
structure of the chest, fatty
tissue, etc have better
genetic association than other
somatic characteristics
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2019 Jones H.M-MBA 8

9. B. CHARACTERISTICS OF PARENTS
Parents of high IQ
having children of the
same and vice versa.
(Further enhanced by
environmental
stimulation)
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10. C. RACE
 Growth potential; of children of
different racial groups is different
e.g. Africa, American, Asia
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11. D. SEX
 Boys are heavier & taller than girls
at birth and this is maintained till 11
yrs of age.
 Pre pubertal growth spurt occurs
earlier in girls.
 Once again the boys grow taller
than girls once they reach the pre-
pubertal growth spurt.
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12. E. BIO-RHYTHM & MATURATION
Daughters attaining
menarche at similar age as
their mothers.
Similar length of menstrual
cycle
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13. F. GENETIC DISORDERS
 Growth and development are adversely
affected by certain genetic disorders.
1. Chromosomal abnormalities e.g. Turner
syndrome, down syndrome
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14. 2. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
 PHYSICAL SURROUNDINGS
Sunshine, Hygiene, living standards
 SOCIAL FACTORS
Relation with other family
members, teachers, friends….etc.
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15. A. PRE NATAL ENVIRONMENT
 Uterus shields the fetus from external adverse
conditions
 ARMFUL PRE NATAL FACTORS
 Maternal nutritional deficiencies
 Mal positions
 Metabolic, endocrine disturbances
 Infectious diseases e.g. rubella, toxoplasmosis,
syphilis, herpes
 Rh incompatibility, smoking, alcohol and intake of
certain drugs
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16. HARMFUL PRE NATAL FACTORS
cont
 Infectious diseases e.g. rubella,
toxoplasmosis, syphilis, herpes
 Rh incompatibility, smoking, alcohol
and intake of certain drugs
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2019 Jones H.M-MBA 16

17. B. POST NATAL ENVIRONMENT
 These determine the pace and pattern of
growth and development.
 Nutrition
 Infections and Infestations
 Trauma
 Socio- economic level
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18. POST NATAL ENVIRONMENT cont
• Climate
• Cultural factors
• Emotional factors
• Chronic diseases
• Ordinal position in the family
• Growth potentials
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2019 Jones H.M-MBA 18

19. 1. Nutrition
 Growth of children is retarded if suffering
from PEM, anemia and vitamin deficiency.
 Over eating and obesity accelerates somatic
growth
2. Infections and Infestations
 Persistent and recurrent diarrhea and RTIs
leads to growth impairment
 Systemic & parasitic infections decreases
velocity of growth
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20. 3. Trauma
 Fracture of the end of the bone damages
the growing epiphysis and thus hampers
the skeletal growth.
 Head injury may cause brain damage and
affect the mental development of the child.
4. Social economic level
- High socio economic level = superior
nutritional status, fewer infections.
- Poverty = diminished growth
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21. 5. Climate
 Velocity of growth may alter in different
season (usually higher in spring and low in
summer months)
 Infections and infestations are common in
hot and humid climates
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22. 6. Cultural factors
 Methods of child rearing & infant
feeding in the community are
determined by the cultural habits
 Some religious taboos (related to
food stuff) also affect the growth
and development
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2019 Jones H.M-MBA 22

23. 7. Emotional factors
 Children from broken homes and
orphanages do not grow and
develop in an optimum level
 Emotional trauma from unstable
family, insecurity, loss of parents,
inadequate schooling, etc have
negative effect on growth and
development.
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24. 8. Chronic diseases
 Chronic diseases impair growth and
development compared with acute
illness.
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25. 9.Ordinal position in the family
 First born child – gets more attention
 The only child-develop more rapidly &
intellectually than other children with siblings
 The middle child- gets less attention & is less
achievement oriented than the first born.
 Youngest child- more peer oriented, less
achievement oriented, less intellectually
inclined…but gets great deal of love & attention
(therefore develop good nature, friendly, warm
personality & high self esteem.
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26. Theend
Thankforyourattention
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2019 Jones H.M-MBA 26