SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 20
G.I.D.C. DEGREE ENGINEERING
COLLEGE, NAVSARI
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Mr. /Miss
___________________________________________of
Branch_____________in Sem._________, Enrollment
No._____________has satisfactorily completed his/her
term work for subject Elements of Mechanical
Engineering (2110006) during term 20___.
DATE:______________
G.I.D.C. DEGREE ENGINEERING COLLEGE, NAVSARI
Sign of Faculy Head of the department
TABLE OF CONTENT
SR
NO
.
EXPERIMENTS
PAGE
NO.
DATE
OF
PERFORMANCE
DATE
OF
CHECKING
SIGN MARKS
1 To study different
configurations of steam
generators
2 To study different boiler
mountings & accessories
3 Study of different
calorimeters used for
measurement of steam
quality
4 To study different I.C.
engines.
5 Study of different types of
pumps.
6 Study of different type of
compressors.
7 Study of refrigeration and
air conditioning systems.
8 Study of elements of
motion and power
transmission.
9 Study of Clutches,
Couplings & Brakes.
10 To study the engineering
materials.
AVERAGE MARKS
G.I.D.C. DEGREE ENGINEERING COLLEGE, NAVSARI
EXPERIMENT NO.1
OBJECTIVES
 To understand the phenomenon of evaporation.
 To study different configurations of steam generators.
THEORY
 Steam generator is basically a heat exchanger that generates steam under
the desired conditions of pressure & temperature, by facilitating heat
exchange between water and flue gases generated upon the combustion of
fuel.
 A steam generator thus needs to have necessary heat transfer surfaces,
space for storage of water & steam, furnace for burning the fuel and
necessary equipment for control of its operation.
 Steam generators can be classified in several ways viz. according to tube
content, orientation of boiler shell, method of circulation of water, operating
pressure, applications etc.
The following configurations will be studied;
• Simple vertical boiler
• Cochran boiler
• Locomotive boiler
• Babcock & Wilcox boiler
• Lancashire boiler
EXERCISES
1. Explain evaporation phenomenon with sketch.
2. Differentiate between:
 Fire tube & water tube boilers
3. Define boiler. Discuss various classifications of boilers.
4. Give name of basic parts of boiler and write function of each.
5. Describe with the help of a neat sketch the working of:
 Cochran boiler
 Babcock & Wilcox boiler
 Lancashire boiler
G.I.D.C. DEGREE ENGINEERING COLLEGE, NAVSARI
EXPERIMENT NO.2
OBJECTIVE
 To study different boiler mountings & accessories.
THEORY
 A steam generator is employed to generate steam under desired
conditions of pressure & temperature. Different devices are a part of
the steam generator which are called as mountings or accessories.
Mountings
 Mountings are the fittings & devices, which are necessary for the
complete controlled operation and safety of a boiler.
Some of the important boiler mountings are;
• Safety valve
• Pressure gauge
• Water level indicator
• Steam stop valve
• Feed check valve
• Blow off cock
• Fusible plug, etc.
Accessories
 Accessories are the appliances installed to enhance the performance of
the boiler. These are optional components and a boiler can be operated
without accessories.
The important boiler accessories are;
• Super heater
• Economizer
• Air preheater
EXERCISES
1. What are boiler mountings and accessories?
2. How is draught created in the various boilers that you have studied?
G.I.D.C. DEGREE ENGINEERING COLLEGE, NAVSARI
3. Explain what is meant by:
(a) Boiler efficiency
(b) Equivalent evaporation.
4. With the help of neat diagrams explain the location and working of
following mountings:
1. Safety valve (all four types)
2. Pressure gauge
3. Water level indicator
4. Steam stop valve
5. Blow off cock
6. Feed check valve
7. Fusible plug
7. Explain Working of following accessories:
1. Economizer
2. Super heater
3. Air preheater
4. Exhaust steam feed water heater
G.I.D.C. DEGREE ENGINEERING COLLEGE, NAVSARI
EXPERIMENT NO.3
OBJECTIVE
 Study of different calorimeter used for measurement of steam quality
(dryness fraction).
THEORY
 Dryness fraction of steam is defined as the ratio of mass of vapor
present in a sample of wet steam to the total mass of the steam
sample. Steam dryness fraction is denoted by X, and can take any value
between 0to 1.
v
l v
m
X
m m
=
+
Where: mv =mass of vapour
ml =mass of liquid
 Dryness fraction of 1 indicated that the steam sample is dry saturated where
as dryness fraction value of 0 indicate saturated liquid state.
 The determination of the dryness fraction of steam driving the turbine
is very important as excessively wet steam may cause erosion and
corrosion of turbine blades, thereby shortening the life of the turbine.
 For safe operation of turbine the dryness fraction of the steam has to be
greater than 0.88.
TASK
 Study of following calorimeter used for measurement of steam quality:
(a) Separating calorimeter
(b) Throttling calorimeter
(c) Separating Throttling calorimeter
EXERCISES
1. Define dryness fraction.
2. Explain with help of neat sketch the working of following calorimeter:
a) Bucket or Barrel calorimeter
b) Separating calorimeter
c) Throttling calorimeter
G.I.D.C. DEGREE ENGINEERING COLLEGE, NAVSARI
d) Combined throttling & Separating Calorimeter
EXPERIMENT NO.4
OBJECTIVE
 Study of different Internal Combustion (I.C.) engines.
THEORY
 Heat engines are the devices that first convert chemical energy stored in the
fuel, into heat energy and then thermal into mechanical energy.
 Internal Combustion (I.C) engines are type of heat engines in which
combustion of the fuel and hence conversion of chemical energy stored
within the fuel into thermal energy takes place within i.e. inside, the engine.
 I.C. engines have evolved over the years, starting from the low speed
bulky machines of the early twentieth century to today’s state of the
art modern high seed, high performance engines.
 Detailed study of several I C engines is to be carried out to meet
with the following objectives;
• To identify the type of engine, i.e. 2 stroke or 4 stroke, SI or CI etc.
• To understand the technical specifications of engines
• To get acquainted with the engine set up i.e. the type of starting
method employed, the type of output power measuring device used, the
type of cooling method employed, the type of inlet air flow measuring
method used etc.
EXERCISE
1. What is an internal combustion engine? Give detailed classification of I.C.
engines.
2. Draw a neat schematic diagram of engine showing its major components.
3. Explain the function of I.C. Engine parts.
4. Differentiate between:
(a) Two stroke & four stroke I.C engines
(b) S.I. & C.I. engines
5. Explain the working of two sroke and four stroke S.I. & C.I. engines.
G.I.D.C. DEGREE ENGINEERING COLLEGE, NAVSARI
EXPERIMENT NO.5
OBJECTIVE
 To study different types of pumps.
THEORY
 The pump is a mechanical device which conveys liquid from one
place to another. It can be also define as a machine that transfers the
mechanical energy of a motor or an engine in to potential, kinetic, and
thermal energy pump belongs to the category of power absorbing machines.
Pumping is the addition of energy to move it from one place to another.
 The pumps used to handle water are called hydraulic pumps. Other common
types of pump are fuel pumps, oil pumps, mud pumps etc.
 A pump is defined as a device, which raises or transfer liquids at the expense
of power input.
 A machine designed to elevate, deliver, and move various liquids.
 A unit that transfer mechanical energy of a motor of an engine in to
potential and kinetic energy of a liquid.
 Application area of pump the municipal water works, power plants,
agriculture, transport and many other utility services and industries.
 According to design and principle of operation, pumps may be
classified in following two categories:
Dynamic pumps, which include centrifugal pumps, axial flow and peripheral
pumps.
Positive displacement pumps, which include reciprocating pumps (piston pump,
plunger pump), rotary pumps (gear type, screw type and vane type).
EXERCISE
1. Define pump and classify different types of pumps.
2. Explain with neat sketch the following types of Reciprocating Pump.
1) Plunger Pump
2) Single Acting Pump
3) Double Acting Pump
4) Bucket Pump
G.I.D.C. DEGREE ENGINEERING COLLEGE, NAVSARI
3. Explain with neat sketch the following types of Rotary Pump.
1) Gear Pump
2) Screw Pump
3) Vane Pump
4. Explain with neat sketch the following types of Centrifugal Pump.
1) Volute Pump
2) Vortex Pump
3) Diffuser Pump
5. What is priming? Why priming is required in centrifugal pump? Also write
methods of priming.
6. Explain with neat sketch function of Air Chamber.
G.I.D.C. DEGREE ENGINEERING COLLEGE, NAVSARI
EXPERIMENT NO.6
OBJECTIVE
 To study different types of compressor.
THEORY
 The compressor is the machine which handles a compressible fluid and
pressurizes it by doing work on it. The fluid can be air, gas or vapor. It
can be also defined as a machine which takes in air at low pressure and
compresses it to high pressure which the help of some suitable arrangement.
i.e. reciprocating piston and cylinder arrangement or rotary arrangement it is
called an air compressor.
 Generally an air compressor takes in air at the atmospheric pressure. It
is compressed to high pressure and delivered it is to a storage tank.
From the storage tank it is taken out for different uses through the
pipe lines. The compressor driven with the help of some prime mover.
SYSTEM
The compressor is a single acting, two stage, twin cylinder, stationary
reciprocating air compressor. It is mounted directly on a storage tank for storing
the air and to deliver it at a constant pressure. The compressor is coupled with a
three phase, 1440 rpm; ac motor through a v-belt and the speed is reduced to
800 rpm. The com pressure is supplied with a pressure switch (unloader), an energy
meter, a safety valve, pressure gauges, air delivery valve, an arrangement for
airflow measurement, a dynamometer etc.
The other technical specifications of the compressor are as follows;
- Displacement: 300LPM
- Working pressure: 12kg/cm
- Storage tank capacity: 160 liters
- Bore and stroke of the LP cylinder: 70 X 85 mm
- Bore and stroke of the HP cylinder: 57 X 85 mm
- Clearance ratio (c): 0.020 for the LP cylinder
0.030 for the HP cylinder
G.I.D.C. DEGREE ENGINEERING COLLEGE, NAVSARI
- Speed of the compressor (N) = 900 rpm
- Energy meter constant: 200 rev/kWh
- Co-efficient of discharge (C) of the orifice: 0.6
- Diameter of the orifice plate: 15 mm
EXERCISE
1. What is compressor? Give its classification.
2. Write down use of compressed air.
3. Draw sketch of reciprocating compressor and explain its working.
4. Define following in context with the compressor:
(i) Capacity (ii) Free air delivery
(iii) Multi staging (iv) Volumetric efficiency
3. Sketch a simple centrifugal compressor and explain its working.
4. Sketch an axial flow compressor and explain its working.
5. Compare reciprocating and rotodynamic compressor.
G.I.D.C. DEGREE ENGINEERING COLLEGE, NAVSARI
EXPERIMENT NO.7
OBJECTIVE
 To understand the working principle of refrigeration and air conditioning
systems.
THEORY
 Refrigeration is defined as the process of reducing temperature of a
body, making it less than the surrounding temperature and maintaining it.
 The device that helps perform process of refrigeration is known as a
Refrigerator and the working cycle le on which the device
(refrigerator) works is knows as a Refrigeration Cycle .
 Refrigeration system find application in variety of areas like preservation of
food items, storage of medicines at low temperature, for comfort air
conditioning, manufacturing of ice, liquefaction of gases like oxygen etc.
 Air conditioning is defined as simultaneous control of temperature,
humidity, air movement, oxygen content and cleanliness of air.
 Complete air conditioning process includes following:
(a) Cooling or heating of air
(b) Addition of moisture (Humidification) or removal of moisture
(Dehumidification) of air
(c) Control of air movement
(d) Control of quantity of oxygen in air
(e) Maintaining air cleanliness
 The two main application of air conditioning are:
(a) For generation of conditions where a human body feels comfortable. This
is known as comfort air conditioning.
(b) For providing conditioned air for some industrial application like
manufacturing of paper, textile industry etc. This is known as
G.I.D.C. DEGREE ENGINEERING COLLEGE, NAVSARI
industrial air conditioning
TASK
 To understand Vapor Compression Refrigeration (VCR) system and
identify its main system components.
 Represent the VCR cycle on a P-h and T-s diagram
 To understand working of different devices like a house hold refrigerator, a
water cooler, an ice making plant etc. working on VCR cycle.
 To understand the basic air conditioning process like heating, cooling,
humidification, dehumidification etc.
 To identify the main system components and understand the working of
following air conditioning equipments:
(a) A window air conditioner
(b) A split air conditioner
EXERCISE
1. Define refrigeration and refrigerant. Write down properties of good refrigerant.
2. Define COP for a refrigeration system & one ton of refrigeration.
3. Draw a neat schematic of a VCR system and explain its working with T-s and
p-h charts.
4. With help of neat sketch explain the working of Domestic VCR system & VAR
system.
5. Define air conditioning. Explain the principle of air conditioning.
6. With a neat sketch explain the working of a window air conditioner and a split
air conditioner. Also discuss their relative merits and demerits.
G.I.D.C. DEGREE ENGINEERING COLLEGE, NAVSARI
EXPERIMENT NO.8
OBJECTIVE
 Study of elements of motion transmission and power transmission
THEORY
 Mechanical systems often need motion or power to transmit from prime
mover to a machine or from one shaft to another shaft. The sources of power
generally used are electrical motors, internal combustion engines, or steam
hydraulic and gas turbines.
 The drive may be individual drive from a captive motor or group drive from
a line shaft. Further the transmission may be through a flexible system like
belts, ropes and chain drive or a positive drive like gear or clutch drive. Belts
and ropes are normally flexible in nature and they are used when the shafts
are comparatively large distance apart. Gears are used between shafts having
relatively smaller center distance. Chains are used for relatively large centre
distance between shafts. Unlike belts and ropes, chains and gear are positive
drive elements which transmit power without slip.
 Belt and Rope Drives:
To transmit the power from one shaft to another, pulleys are mounted on the
two · shafts. The pulleys are then connected by an endless belt or rope
passing over the pulleys. The connecting belt or rope is kept in tension so that
motion of one pulley is transferred to the other without slip. The speed of the
driven shaft can be varied by varying the diameter of the pulleys.
 Types of belt:
Flat belt, V-belt, Circular belt or Rope
Type of flat belt drives:
 Open belt drive
 Crossed or twisted belt drive
 Chain drives:
To avoid slippage, steel chains are used. The chain is made up of a rigid
links which are hinge d together in order to provide the necessary
G.I.D.C. DEGREE ENGINEERING COLLEGE, NAVSARI
flexibility for wrapping around the driving and driven wheels. The
wheels have projecting teeth and fit into the corresponding recesses, in the
links of the chain. The wheel and the chain are thus constrained to
move together without slipping and ensure perfect velocity ratio. The
toothed wheels are known as sprocket wheels or simply sprockets. These
wheels resemble to spur gears.
 Gear Trains:
A gear train is a combination of gears used to transmit motion and
power from one shaft to another. It becomes necessary when it is required to
obtain large speed reduction with in a small space. The following are main
types of gear trains.
 Simple gear train :
1. A pair of mating external always moves in opposite direction
2. All odd numbered gears move in one direction and all even
numbered gears move in opposite direction.
3. Speed ratio is the ratio of the speed of the driving to the driven shaft,
is negative when the input and output gears rotate in opposite
direction and it is positive when the two rotate in same direction.
Reciprocal of speed ratio is known as the train valve of the gear train.
4. All the gears can be in a straight line or arranged in zigzag manner.
 Compound gear train :
When a series of gears are connected in such a way that two or more gears
rotate about an axis with the same angular velocity, it is known as compound
gear train. In this type, some of the intermediate shafts, i.e. other than the
input and output shafts carry more than one gear.
Advantages of gear train:
1. It transmits exact velocity ratio.
2. It may be used to transmit large-power
3. It has high efficiency
4. It has compact layout
Disadvantages of gear train:
1. The manufacture of gears requires special tools and equipment
2. The error in cutting teeth may cause vibrations and noise during operation
EXERCISE
G.I.D.C. DEGREE ENGINEERING COLLEGE, NAVSARI
1. Give Comparison the individual drive and group drive.
2. Name the methods by which power from one shaft to another shaft is
transmitted.
3. Explanation the different type of belts drive and pulleys with neat sketch.
4. Discussion the gear drive, chain drive and friction drive with neat sketch.
5. What is bearing? Classify the bearing and draw sketch of the thrust bearing.
6. What is the function of gear trains in automobiles?
7. What is the function of the stepped pulley and idler pulley?
8. What is V-belt drive? How it differs from a flat belt drive?
G.I.D.C. DEGREE ENGINEERING COLLEGE, NAVSARI
EXPERIMENT NO.9
OBJECTIVE
 To study the working and applications of Coupling, Clutch and Brake.
THEORY
 Coupling
Couplings are used for joining sections of long transmission shafts. They are
also used for connecting the shaft of a driving machine to the shaft of a
separately built machine so as to give an effect of continuous shaft.
1. Rigid coupling
Rigid couplings are used connect two shafts when they are in perfect axial
alignment
• Sleeve or Box or Muff coupling
• Split muff or clamp coupling
• Flange couplings
2. Flexible coupling
These types of couplings are used protect the driving and driven machines from
effect of shocks excesses stresses due to deflection and vibrations, which may arise
from misalignment of shafts.
• Bush pin type flange coupling
G.I.D.C. DEGREE ENGINEERING COLLEGE, NAVSARI
• Oldham coupling
• Universal coupling
• Clutch
The flow of mechanical power is controlled by means of a clutch. The clutch is
a mechanical device, which is used to connect or disconnect the source of
powerfrom the remaining parts of the power transmission system s at the
will of the operator An automotive clutch can permit the engine to run
without driving the car. This is desirable when the engine is to be started
or stopped or when the gears are to be shifted.
 Single plate friction clutch
 Multi disc clutch
 Centrifugal clutches
• Brake
A brake is a mechanical device by means of which artificial resistance is
applied to a moving system or machine in order to slow down or
completely stop the motion of a machine. In performing this function, the
brake absorbs either kinetic energy of moving members such as rotating drum,
machine, automobile vehicle or potential energy given up by objects being
lowered by hoists, elevators. The energy absorbed by a brake is converted into
heat energy and dissipated in the surroundings air. There are two distinct
functions of vehicle brakes.
 To stop or slow down the vehicle in the shortest possible distance in
emergencies.
 To control the vehicle to be retained when descending a hill.
Types of brakes:
According to the means used for transforming the energy by the braking
elements the brakes are classified as
 hydraulic brakes
 electric brakes
 Mechanical brakes
Depending upon the shape of the friction material the mechanical brakes
are classified as block brake, internal or external shoe brakes and band brakes.
EXERCISE
G.I.D.C. DEGREE ENGINEERING COLLEGE, NAVSARI
1. What is coupling? Classify the couplings.
2. What is difference between rigid coupling and flexible coupling?
3. Explain the following couplings with neat sketch.
a. Oldham’s coupling
b. Flange coupling
c. Bush pin flexible coupling
4. What is clutch? State its function and classify the clutches.
5. Explain the following clutches with neat sketch.
1. Disc clutch
2. Cone clutch
6. What is brake? How it differs from clutch?
7. Classify the different type of Brakes.
8. Explain an internal expanding shoe brake and a band brake with neat sketch.
G.I.D.C. DEGREE ENGINEERING COLLEGE, NAVSARI
EXPERIMENT NO.10
OBJECTIVE
 To study the different types of engineering materials.
THEORY
All the Engineering of any disciplines should have the proper knowledge of
engineering materials for the successful design and working of any
engineering system. Proper material should be selected with functional, service
and economical considerations. For the selection of proper materials for the
products, knowledge about the materials and their properties may be very useful.
The important mechanical properties are as below:
1. Strength 2. Elasticity
3. Plasticity 4. Malleability
5. Ductility 6. Impact strength
7. Hardness 8. Toughness
9. Brittleness 10. Resilience
11. Creep 12. Fatigue
Classification of Materials:
The engineering materials can be broadly classified as follows:
1. Metallic
a. Ferrous (Iron, steel and their alloys)
b. Non-ferrous (copper, zinc, lead, aluminum etc. and their alloys)
2. Non Metallic (Plastic, rubber, timber, ceramics, polymers, glass etc.)
EXERCISES
1. Define the following properties of material.
Strength, Elasticity, Plasticity, Malleability, Ductility, Impact strength, Hardness,
Toughness, Brittleness, Resilience, Creep and Fatigue
2. Define ferrous and non-ferrous materials.
3. State and classify steels. Give at least one example of their applications.
4. Give the examples of non-ferrous materials with their application.
5. What is ceramic? State at least two its properties and practical applications.
6. What are abrasive materials? State their applications.

More Related Content

What's hot

Steam turbine performance & condition assessment (Case Study)
Steam turbine performance & condition assessment (Case Study)Steam turbine performance & condition assessment (Case Study)
Steam turbine performance & condition assessment (Case Study)Pichai Chaibamrung
 
Aircraft fuel system.pptx manhar singh
Aircraft fuel system.pptx    manhar singhAircraft fuel system.pptx    manhar singh
Aircraft fuel system.pptx manhar singhfiyghar.com
 
Control Valves for the Power Generation Industry" A Product and Applications ...
Control Valves for the Power Generation Industry" A Product and Applications ...Control Valves for the Power Generation Industry" A Product and Applications ...
Control Valves for the Power Generation Industry" A Product and Applications ...Belilove Company-Engineers
 
Increasing efficiency of an i.c. engine using steam charging techniques
Increasing efficiency of an i.c. engine using steam charging techniquesIncreasing efficiency of an i.c. engine using steam charging techniques
Increasing efficiency of an i.c. engine using steam charging techniqueseSAT Publishing House
 
Bhushan powers and steels thalkuli,regali
Bhushan powers and steels thalkuli,regaliBhushan powers and steels thalkuli,regali
Bhushan powers and steels thalkuli,regaliBaroda
 
Steam turbine
Steam turbineSteam turbine
Steam turbineNathan
 
Project Report on Analysis of Boiler- Aditya
Project Report on Analysis of Boiler- AdityaProject Report on Analysis of Boiler- Aditya
Project Report on Analysis of Boiler- AdityaAditya Bhattacharjee
 
Boilers report
Boilers reportBoilers report
Boilers reportR.K. JAIN
 
Aircraft Fuel System
Aircraft Fuel System Aircraft Fuel System
Aircraft Fuel System PriyankaKg4
 
Steam turbine power plant
Steam turbine power plantSteam turbine power plant
Steam turbine power plantTarek Erin
 
Fans in thermal power plants
Fans in thermal power plantsFans in thermal power plants
Fans in thermal power plantsSHIVAJI CHOUDHURY
 
How Gas Turbines Work
How Gas Turbines WorkHow Gas Turbines Work
How Gas Turbines Workalidouceur
 
turbine engine intake
 turbine engine intake turbine engine intake
turbine engine intakeradhebharvad
 
Boiler auxillaries in a coal fired power plant
Boiler auxillaries in a coal fired power plantBoiler auxillaries in a coal fired power plant
Boiler auxillaries in a coal fired power plantBoben Anto Chemmannoor
 

What's hot (20)

Steam turbine performance & condition assessment (Case Study)
Steam turbine performance & condition assessment (Case Study)Steam turbine performance & condition assessment (Case Study)
Steam turbine performance & condition assessment (Case Study)
 
Aircraft fuel system.pptx manhar singh
Aircraft fuel system.pptx    manhar singhAircraft fuel system.pptx    manhar singh
Aircraft fuel system.pptx manhar singh
 
ME 6404 THERMAL ENGINEERING UNIT II
ME 6404 THERMAL ENGINEERING UNIT IIME 6404 THERMAL ENGINEERING UNIT II
ME 6404 THERMAL ENGINEERING UNIT II
 
Steam turbine Working
Steam turbine WorkingSteam turbine Working
Steam turbine Working
 
i.c engine
 i.c engine  i.c engine
i.c engine
 
Control Valves for the Power Generation Industry" A Product and Applications ...
Control Valves for the Power Generation Industry" A Product and Applications ...Control Valves for the Power Generation Industry" A Product and Applications ...
Control Valves for the Power Generation Industry" A Product and Applications ...
 
Increasing efficiency of an i.c. engine using steam charging techniques
Increasing efficiency of an i.c. engine using steam charging techniquesIncreasing efficiency of an i.c. engine using steam charging techniques
Increasing efficiency of an i.c. engine using steam charging techniques
 
Bhushan powers and steels thalkuli,regali
Bhushan powers and steels thalkuli,regaliBhushan powers and steels thalkuli,regali
Bhushan powers and steels thalkuli,regali
 
Steam turbine
Steam turbineSteam turbine
Steam turbine
 
Project Report on Analysis of Boiler- Aditya
Project Report on Analysis of Boiler- AdityaProject Report on Analysis of Boiler- Aditya
Project Report on Analysis of Boiler- Aditya
 
Thermal Group
Thermal GroupThermal Group
Thermal Group
 
Boilers report
Boilers reportBoilers report
Boilers report
 
Combustion gas turbines
Combustion gas turbinesCombustion gas turbines
Combustion gas turbines
 
Aircraft Fuel System
Aircraft Fuel System Aircraft Fuel System
Aircraft Fuel System
 
Steam turbine power plant
Steam turbine power plantSteam turbine power plant
Steam turbine power plant
 
Fans in thermal power plants
Fans in thermal power plantsFans in thermal power plants
Fans in thermal power plants
 
How Gas Turbines Work
How Gas Turbines WorkHow Gas Turbines Work
How Gas Turbines Work
 
Gas turbine
Gas turbine Gas turbine
Gas turbine
 
turbine engine intake
 turbine engine intake turbine engine intake
turbine engine intake
 
Boiler auxillaries in a coal fired power plant
Boiler auxillaries in a coal fired power plantBoiler auxillaries in a coal fired power plant
Boiler auxillaries in a coal fired power plant
 

Similar to EME lab practical- GTU

thermal-plant-report-mechatronics.pdf
thermal-plant-report-mechatronics.pdfthermal-plant-report-mechatronics.pdf
thermal-plant-report-mechatronics.pdfFarzanMehmood
 
IRJET- Performance Analysis of CI Engine Emission by Admitting Steam with...
IRJET-  	  Performance Analysis of CI Engine Emission by Admitting Steam with...IRJET-  	  Performance Analysis of CI Engine Emission by Admitting Steam with...
IRJET- Performance Analysis of CI Engine Emission by Admitting Steam with...IRJET Journal
 
Classification of gas turbines and field of application
Classification of gas turbines and field of applicationClassification of gas turbines and field of application
Classification of gas turbines and field of applicationArup Kumar Sikdar
 
ptherml power palnt basica nd advancded.pptx
ptherml power palnt basica nd advancded.pptxptherml power palnt basica nd advancded.pptx
ptherml power palnt basica nd advancded.pptxramsao2018com
 
Report on improved efficiency of gas turbine final
Report on improved efficiency of gas turbine finalReport on improved efficiency of gas turbine final
Report on improved efficiency of gas turbine finalRazin Sazzad Molla
 
Two stock engine
Two stock engineTwo stock engine
Two stock engineMD Raza
 
Project report study of cooling tower
Project report  study of cooling towerProject report  study of cooling tower
Project report study of cooling towerYoginderKumar12
 
A Report on Steam Turbine
A Report on Steam TurbineA Report on Steam Turbine
A Report on Steam TurbineRajput Chauhan
 
Advance internal Combustion Engine
 Advance internal Combustion Engine Advance internal Combustion Engine
Advance internal Combustion Enginenarendranwadaskar
 
PLC OPERATED AIR COMPRESSED ENGINE
PLC OPERATED AIR COMPRESSED ENGINEPLC OPERATED AIR COMPRESSED ENGINE
PLC OPERATED AIR COMPRESSED ENGINEIRJET Journal
 
Basic Diesel Engine SANY_KOEL.PDF
Basic Diesel Engine SANY_KOEL.PDFBasic Diesel Engine SANY_KOEL.PDF
Basic Diesel Engine SANY_KOEL.PDFAvinashSilimkar2
 
Utilities used in textile industry (1)
Utilities used in textile industry (1)Utilities used in textile industry (1)
Utilities used in textile industry (1)Karcahi university
 
Acta 2016-1-08
Acta 2016-1-08Acta 2016-1-08
Acta 2016-1-08mcurbelo
 

Similar to EME lab practical- GTU (20)

thermal-plant-report-mechatronics.pdf
thermal-plant-report-mechatronics.pdfthermal-plant-report-mechatronics.pdf
thermal-plant-report-mechatronics.pdf
 
IRJET- Performance Analysis of CI Engine Emission by Admitting Steam with...
IRJET-  	  Performance Analysis of CI Engine Emission by Admitting Steam with...IRJET-  	  Performance Analysis of CI Engine Emission by Admitting Steam with...
IRJET- Performance Analysis of CI Engine Emission by Admitting Steam with...
 
Classification of gas turbines and field of application
Classification of gas turbines and field of applicationClassification of gas turbines and field of application
Classification of gas turbines and field of application
 
ptherml power palnt basica nd advancded.pptx
ptherml power palnt basica nd advancded.pptxptherml power palnt basica nd advancded.pptx
ptherml power palnt basica nd advancded.pptx
 
Gas turbines
Gas turbinesGas turbines
Gas turbines
 
Report on improved efficiency of gas turbine final
Report on improved efficiency of gas turbine finalReport on improved efficiency of gas turbine final
Report on improved efficiency of gas turbine final
 
Two stock engine
Two stock engineTwo stock engine
Two stock engine
 
Project report study of cooling tower
Project report  study of cooling towerProject report  study of cooling tower
Project report study of cooling tower
 
Diesel Power Plant
Diesel Power PlantDiesel Power Plant
Diesel Power Plant
 
AIR POWERED ENGINE PPT
AIR POWERED ENGINE PPTAIR POWERED ENGINE PPT
AIR POWERED ENGINE PPT
 
A Report on Steam Turbine
A Report on Steam TurbineA Report on Steam Turbine
A Report on Steam Turbine
 
Turbomachinery
TurbomachineryTurbomachinery
Turbomachinery
 
Group 6. pptx.pptx
Group 6. pptx.pptxGroup 6. pptx.pptx
Group 6. pptx.pptx
 
Advance internal Combustion Engine
 Advance internal Combustion Engine Advance internal Combustion Engine
Advance internal Combustion Engine
 
Reading
ReadingReading
Reading
 
PLC OPERATED AIR COMPRESSED ENGINE
PLC OPERATED AIR COMPRESSED ENGINEPLC OPERATED AIR COMPRESSED ENGINE
PLC OPERATED AIR COMPRESSED ENGINE
 
almoiz internship report
almoiz internship reportalmoiz internship report
almoiz internship report
 
Basic Diesel Engine SANY_KOEL.PDF
Basic Diesel Engine SANY_KOEL.PDFBasic Diesel Engine SANY_KOEL.PDF
Basic Diesel Engine SANY_KOEL.PDF
 
Utilities used in textile industry (1)
Utilities used in textile industry (1)Utilities used in textile industry (1)
Utilities used in textile industry (1)
 
Acta 2016-1-08
Acta 2016-1-08Acta 2016-1-08
Acta 2016-1-08
 

Recently uploaded

MANUFACTURING PROCESS-II UNIT-2 LATHE MACHINE
MANUFACTURING PROCESS-II UNIT-2 LATHE MACHINEMANUFACTURING PROCESS-II UNIT-2 LATHE MACHINE
MANUFACTURING PROCESS-II UNIT-2 LATHE MACHINESIVASHANKAR N
 
(RIA) Call Girls Bhosari ( 7001035870 ) HI-Fi Pune Escorts Service
(RIA) Call Girls Bhosari ( 7001035870 ) HI-Fi Pune Escorts Service(RIA) Call Girls Bhosari ( 7001035870 ) HI-Fi Pune Escorts Service
(RIA) Call Girls Bhosari ( 7001035870 ) HI-Fi Pune Escorts Serviceranjana rawat
 
Introduction to IEEE STANDARDS and its different types.pptx
Introduction to IEEE STANDARDS and its different types.pptxIntroduction to IEEE STANDARDS and its different types.pptx
Introduction to IEEE STANDARDS and its different types.pptxupamatechverse
 
SPICE PARK APR2024 ( 6,793 SPICE Models )
SPICE PARK APR2024 ( 6,793 SPICE Models )SPICE PARK APR2024 ( 6,793 SPICE Models )
SPICE PARK APR2024 ( 6,793 SPICE Models )Tsuyoshi Horigome
 
Microscopic Analysis of Ceramic Materials.pptx
Microscopic Analysis of Ceramic Materials.pptxMicroscopic Analysis of Ceramic Materials.pptx
Microscopic Analysis of Ceramic Materials.pptxpurnimasatapathy1234
 
VIP Call Girls Service Kondapur Hyderabad Call +91-8250192130
VIP Call Girls Service Kondapur Hyderabad Call +91-8250192130VIP Call Girls Service Kondapur Hyderabad Call +91-8250192130
VIP Call Girls Service Kondapur Hyderabad Call +91-8250192130Suhani Kapoor
 
Call Girls Pimpri Chinchwad Call Me 7737669865 Budget Friendly No Advance Boo...
Call Girls Pimpri Chinchwad Call Me 7737669865 Budget Friendly No Advance Boo...Call Girls Pimpri Chinchwad Call Me 7737669865 Budget Friendly No Advance Boo...
Call Girls Pimpri Chinchwad Call Me 7737669865 Budget Friendly No Advance Boo...roncy bisnoi
 
Introduction and different types of Ethernet.pptx
Introduction and different types of Ethernet.pptxIntroduction and different types of Ethernet.pptx
Introduction and different types of Ethernet.pptxupamatechverse
 
Top Rated Pune Call Girls Budhwar Peth ⟟ 6297143586 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine Se...
Top Rated  Pune Call Girls Budhwar Peth ⟟ 6297143586 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine Se...Top Rated  Pune Call Girls Budhwar Peth ⟟ 6297143586 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine Se...
Top Rated Pune Call Girls Budhwar Peth ⟟ 6297143586 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine Se...Call Girls in Nagpur High Profile
 
Call Girls in Nagpur Suman Call 7001035870 Meet With Nagpur Escorts
Call Girls in Nagpur Suman Call 7001035870 Meet With Nagpur EscortsCall Girls in Nagpur Suman Call 7001035870 Meet With Nagpur Escorts
Call Girls in Nagpur Suman Call 7001035870 Meet With Nagpur EscortsCall Girls in Nagpur High Profile
 
CCS335 _ Neural Networks and Deep Learning Laboratory_Lab Complete Record
CCS335 _ Neural Networks and Deep Learning Laboratory_Lab Complete RecordCCS335 _ Neural Networks and Deep Learning Laboratory_Lab Complete Record
CCS335 _ Neural Networks and Deep Learning Laboratory_Lab Complete RecordAsst.prof M.Gokilavani
 
Structural Analysis and Design of Foundations: A Comprehensive Handbook for S...
Structural Analysis and Design of Foundations: A Comprehensive Handbook for S...Structural Analysis and Design of Foundations: A Comprehensive Handbook for S...
Structural Analysis and Design of Foundations: A Comprehensive Handbook for S...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
 
Call Girls Service Nagpur Tanvi Call 7001035870 Meet With Nagpur Escorts
Call Girls Service Nagpur Tanvi Call 7001035870 Meet With Nagpur EscortsCall Girls Service Nagpur Tanvi Call 7001035870 Meet With Nagpur Escorts
Call Girls Service Nagpur Tanvi Call 7001035870 Meet With Nagpur EscortsCall Girls in Nagpur High Profile
 
APPLICATIONS-AC/DC DRIVES-OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS
APPLICATIONS-AC/DC DRIVES-OPERATING CHARACTERISTICSAPPLICATIONS-AC/DC DRIVES-OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS
APPLICATIONS-AC/DC DRIVES-OPERATING CHARACTERISTICSKurinjimalarL3
 
(PRIYA) Rajgurunagar Call Girls Just Call 7001035870 [ Cash on Delivery ] Pun...
(PRIYA) Rajgurunagar Call Girls Just Call 7001035870 [ Cash on Delivery ] Pun...(PRIYA) Rajgurunagar Call Girls Just Call 7001035870 [ Cash on Delivery ] Pun...
(PRIYA) Rajgurunagar Call Girls Just Call 7001035870 [ Cash on Delivery ] Pun...ranjana rawat
 
High Profile Call Girls Nagpur Meera Call 7001035870 Meet With Nagpur Escorts
High Profile Call Girls Nagpur Meera Call 7001035870 Meet With Nagpur EscortsHigh Profile Call Girls Nagpur Meera Call 7001035870 Meet With Nagpur Escorts
High Profile Call Girls Nagpur Meera Call 7001035870 Meet With Nagpur EscortsCall Girls in Nagpur High Profile
 
AKTU Computer Networks notes --- Unit 3.pdf
AKTU Computer Networks notes ---  Unit 3.pdfAKTU Computer Networks notes ---  Unit 3.pdf
AKTU Computer Networks notes --- Unit 3.pdfankushspencer015
 
Call for Papers - African Journal of Biological Sciences, E-ISSN: 2663-2187, ...
Call for Papers - African Journal of Biological Sciences, E-ISSN: 2663-2187, ...Call for Papers - African Journal of Biological Sciences, E-ISSN: 2663-2187, ...
Call for Papers - African Journal of Biological Sciences, E-ISSN: 2663-2187, ...Christo Ananth
 
The Most Attractive Pune Call Girls Manchar 8250192130 Will You Miss This Cha...
The Most Attractive Pune Call Girls Manchar 8250192130 Will You Miss This Cha...The Most Attractive Pune Call Girls Manchar 8250192130 Will You Miss This Cha...
The Most Attractive Pune Call Girls Manchar 8250192130 Will You Miss This Cha...ranjana rawat
 

Recently uploaded (20)

MANUFACTURING PROCESS-II UNIT-2 LATHE MACHINE
MANUFACTURING PROCESS-II UNIT-2 LATHE MACHINEMANUFACTURING PROCESS-II UNIT-2 LATHE MACHINE
MANUFACTURING PROCESS-II UNIT-2 LATHE MACHINE
 
(RIA) Call Girls Bhosari ( 7001035870 ) HI-Fi Pune Escorts Service
(RIA) Call Girls Bhosari ( 7001035870 ) HI-Fi Pune Escorts Service(RIA) Call Girls Bhosari ( 7001035870 ) HI-Fi Pune Escorts Service
(RIA) Call Girls Bhosari ( 7001035870 ) HI-Fi Pune Escorts Service
 
Introduction to IEEE STANDARDS and its different types.pptx
Introduction to IEEE STANDARDS and its different types.pptxIntroduction to IEEE STANDARDS and its different types.pptx
Introduction to IEEE STANDARDS and its different types.pptx
 
SPICE PARK APR2024 ( 6,793 SPICE Models )
SPICE PARK APR2024 ( 6,793 SPICE Models )SPICE PARK APR2024 ( 6,793 SPICE Models )
SPICE PARK APR2024 ( 6,793 SPICE Models )
 
Microscopic Analysis of Ceramic Materials.pptx
Microscopic Analysis of Ceramic Materials.pptxMicroscopic Analysis of Ceramic Materials.pptx
Microscopic Analysis of Ceramic Materials.pptx
 
VIP Call Girls Service Kondapur Hyderabad Call +91-8250192130
VIP Call Girls Service Kondapur Hyderabad Call +91-8250192130VIP Call Girls Service Kondapur Hyderabad Call +91-8250192130
VIP Call Girls Service Kondapur Hyderabad Call +91-8250192130
 
Call Girls Pimpri Chinchwad Call Me 7737669865 Budget Friendly No Advance Boo...
Call Girls Pimpri Chinchwad Call Me 7737669865 Budget Friendly No Advance Boo...Call Girls Pimpri Chinchwad Call Me 7737669865 Budget Friendly No Advance Boo...
Call Girls Pimpri Chinchwad Call Me 7737669865 Budget Friendly No Advance Boo...
 
Introduction and different types of Ethernet.pptx
Introduction and different types of Ethernet.pptxIntroduction and different types of Ethernet.pptx
Introduction and different types of Ethernet.pptx
 
Top Rated Pune Call Girls Budhwar Peth ⟟ 6297143586 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine Se...
Top Rated  Pune Call Girls Budhwar Peth ⟟ 6297143586 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine Se...Top Rated  Pune Call Girls Budhwar Peth ⟟ 6297143586 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine Se...
Top Rated Pune Call Girls Budhwar Peth ⟟ 6297143586 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine Se...
 
Roadmap to Membership of RICS - Pathways and Routes
Roadmap to Membership of RICS - Pathways and RoutesRoadmap to Membership of RICS - Pathways and Routes
Roadmap to Membership of RICS - Pathways and Routes
 
Call Girls in Nagpur Suman Call 7001035870 Meet With Nagpur Escorts
Call Girls in Nagpur Suman Call 7001035870 Meet With Nagpur EscortsCall Girls in Nagpur Suman Call 7001035870 Meet With Nagpur Escorts
Call Girls in Nagpur Suman Call 7001035870 Meet With Nagpur Escorts
 
CCS335 _ Neural Networks and Deep Learning Laboratory_Lab Complete Record
CCS335 _ Neural Networks and Deep Learning Laboratory_Lab Complete RecordCCS335 _ Neural Networks and Deep Learning Laboratory_Lab Complete Record
CCS335 _ Neural Networks and Deep Learning Laboratory_Lab Complete Record
 
Structural Analysis and Design of Foundations: A Comprehensive Handbook for S...
Structural Analysis and Design of Foundations: A Comprehensive Handbook for S...Structural Analysis and Design of Foundations: A Comprehensive Handbook for S...
Structural Analysis and Design of Foundations: A Comprehensive Handbook for S...
 
Call Girls Service Nagpur Tanvi Call 7001035870 Meet With Nagpur Escorts
Call Girls Service Nagpur Tanvi Call 7001035870 Meet With Nagpur EscortsCall Girls Service Nagpur Tanvi Call 7001035870 Meet With Nagpur Escorts
Call Girls Service Nagpur Tanvi Call 7001035870 Meet With Nagpur Escorts
 
APPLICATIONS-AC/DC DRIVES-OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS
APPLICATIONS-AC/DC DRIVES-OPERATING CHARACTERISTICSAPPLICATIONS-AC/DC DRIVES-OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS
APPLICATIONS-AC/DC DRIVES-OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS
 
(PRIYA) Rajgurunagar Call Girls Just Call 7001035870 [ Cash on Delivery ] Pun...
(PRIYA) Rajgurunagar Call Girls Just Call 7001035870 [ Cash on Delivery ] Pun...(PRIYA) Rajgurunagar Call Girls Just Call 7001035870 [ Cash on Delivery ] Pun...
(PRIYA) Rajgurunagar Call Girls Just Call 7001035870 [ Cash on Delivery ] Pun...
 
High Profile Call Girls Nagpur Meera Call 7001035870 Meet With Nagpur Escorts
High Profile Call Girls Nagpur Meera Call 7001035870 Meet With Nagpur EscortsHigh Profile Call Girls Nagpur Meera Call 7001035870 Meet With Nagpur Escorts
High Profile Call Girls Nagpur Meera Call 7001035870 Meet With Nagpur Escorts
 
AKTU Computer Networks notes --- Unit 3.pdf
AKTU Computer Networks notes ---  Unit 3.pdfAKTU Computer Networks notes ---  Unit 3.pdf
AKTU Computer Networks notes --- Unit 3.pdf
 
Call for Papers - African Journal of Biological Sciences, E-ISSN: 2663-2187, ...
Call for Papers - African Journal of Biological Sciences, E-ISSN: 2663-2187, ...Call for Papers - African Journal of Biological Sciences, E-ISSN: 2663-2187, ...
Call for Papers - African Journal of Biological Sciences, E-ISSN: 2663-2187, ...
 
The Most Attractive Pune Call Girls Manchar 8250192130 Will You Miss This Cha...
The Most Attractive Pune Call Girls Manchar 8250192130 Will You Miss This Cha...The Most Attractive Pune Call Girls Manchar 8250192130 Will You Miss This Cha...
The Most Attractive Pune Call Girls Manchar 8250192130 Will You Miss This Cha...
 

EME lab practical- GTU

  • 1. G.I.D.C. DEGREE ENGINEERING COLLEGE, NAVSARI CERTIFICATE This is to certify that Mr. /Miss ___________________________________________of Branch_____________in Sem._________, Enrollment No._____________has satisfactorily completed his/her term work for subject Elements of Mechanical Engineering (2110006) during term 20___. DATE:______________
  • 2. G.I.D.C. DEGREE ENGINEERING COLLEGE, NAVSARI Sign of Faculy Head of the department TABLE OF CONTENT SR NO . EXPERIMENTS PAGE NO. DATE OF PERFORMANCE DATE OF CHECKING SIGN MARKS 1 To study different configurations of steam generators 2 To study different boiler mountings & accessories 3 Study of different calorimeters used for measurement of steam quality 4 To study different I.C. engines. 5 Study of different types of pumps. 6 Study of different type of compressors. 7 Study of refrigeration and air conditioning systems. 8 Study of elements of motion and power transmission. 9 Study of Clutches, Couplings & Brakes. 10 To study the engineering materials. AVERAGE MARKS
  • 3. G.I.D.C. DEGREE ENGINEERING COLLEGE, NAVSARI EXPERIMENT NO.1 OBJECTIVES  To understand the phenomenon of evaporation.  To study different configurations of steam generators. THEORY  Steam generator is basically a heat exchanger that generates steam under the desired conditions of pressure & temperature, by facilitating heat exchange between water and flue gases generated upon the combustion of fuel.  A steam generator thus needs to have necessary heat transfer surfaces, space for storage of water & steam, furnace for burning the fuel and necessary equipment for control of its operation.  Steam generators can be classified in several ways viz. according to tube content, orientation of boiler shell, method of circulation of water, operating pressure, applications etc. The following configurations will be studied; • Simple vertical boiler • Cochran boiler • Locomotive boiler • Babcock & Wilcox boiler • Lancashire boiler EXERCISES 1. Explain evaporation phenomenon with sketch. 2. Differentiate between:  Fire tube & water tube boilers 3. Define boiler. Discuss various classifications of boilers. 4. Give name of basic parts of boiler and write function of each. 5. Describe with the help of a neat sketch the working of:  Cochran boiler  Babcock & Wilcox boiler  Lancashire boiler
  • 4. G.I.D.C. DEGREE ENGINEERING COLLEGE, NAVSARI EXPERIMENT NO.2 OBJECTIVE  To study different boiler mountings & accessories. THEORY  A steam generator is employed to generate steam under desired conditions of pressure & temperature. Different devices are a part of the steam generator which are called as mountings or accessories. Mountings  Mountings are the fittings & devices, which are necessary for the complete controlled operation and safety of a boiler. Some of the important boiler mountings are; • Safety valve • Pressure gauge • Water level indicator • Steam stop valve • Feed check valve • Blow off cock • Fusible plug, etc. Accessories  Accessories are the appliances installed to enhance the performance of the boiler. These are optional components and a boiler can be operated without accessories. The important boiler accessories are; • Super heater • Economizer • Air preheater EXERCISES 1. What are boiler mountings and accessories? 2. How is draught created in the various boilers that you have studied?
  • 5. G.I.D.C. DEGREE ENGINEERING COLLEGE, NAVSARI 3. Explain what is meant by: (a) Boiler efficiency (b) Equivalent evaporation. 4. With the help of neat diagrams explain the location and working of following mountings: 1. Safety valve (all four types) 2. Pressure gauge 3. Water level indicator 4. Steam stop valve 5. Blow off cock 6. Feed check valve 7. Fusible plug 7. Explain Working of following accessories: 1. Economizer 2. Super heater 3. Air preheater 4. Exhaust steam feed water heater
  • 6. G.I.D.C. DEGREE ENGINEERING COLLEGE, NAVSARI EXPERIMENT NO.3 OBJECTIVE  Study of different calorimeter used for measurement of steam quality (dryness fraction). THEORY  Dryness fraction of steam is defined as the ratio of mass of vapor present in a sample of wet steam to the total mass of the steam sample. Steam dryness fraction is denoted by X, and can take any value between 0to 1. v l v m X m m = + Where: mv =mass of vapour ml =mass of liquid  Dryness fraction of 1 indicated that the steam sample is dry saturated where as dryness fraction value of 0 indicate saturated liquid state.  The determination of the dryness fraction of steam driving the turbine is very important as excessively wet steam may cause erosion and corrosion of turbine blades, thereby shortening the life of the turbine.  For safe operation of turbine the dryness fraction of the steam has to be greater than 0.88. TASK  Study of following calorimeter used for measurement of steam quality: (a) Separating calorimeter (b) Throttling calorimeter (c) Separating Throttling calorimeter EXERCISES 1. Define dryness fraction. 2. Explain with help of neat sketch the working of following calorimeter: a) Bucket or Barrel calorimeter b) Separating calorimeter c) Throttling calorimeter
  • 7. G.I.D.C. DEGREE ENGINEERING COLLEGE, NAVSARI d) Combined throttling & Separating Calorimeter EXPERIMENT NO.4 OBJECTIVE  Study of different Internal Combustion (I.C.) engines. THEORY  Heat engines are the devices that first convert chemical energy stored in the fuel, into heat energy and then thermal into mechanical energy.  Internal Combustion (I.C) engines are type of heat engines in which combustion of the fuel and hence conversion of chemical energy stored within the fuel into thermal energy takes place within i.e. inside, the engine.  I.C. engines have evolved over the years, starting from the low speed bulky machines of the early twentieth century to today’s state of the art modern high seed, high performance engines.  Detailed study of several I C engines is to be carried out to meet with the following objectives; • To identify the type of engine, i.e. 2 stroke or 4 stroke, SI or CI etc. • To understand the technical specifications of engines • To get acquainted with the engine set up i.e. the type of starting method employed, the type of output power measuring device used, the type of cooling method employed, the type of inlet air flow measuring method used etc. EXERCISE 1. What is an internal combustion engine? Give detailed classification of I.C. engines. 2. Draw a neat schematic diagram of engine showing its major components. 3. Explain the function of I.C. Engine parts. 4. Differentiate between: (a) Two stroke & four stroke I.C engines (b) S.I. & C.I. engines 5. Explain the working of two sroke and four stroke S.I. & C.I. engines.
  • 8. G.I.D.C. DEGREE ENGINEERING COLLEGE, NAVSARI EXPERIMENT NO.5 OBJECTIVE  To study different types of pumps. THEORY  The pump is a mechanical device which conveys liquid from one place to another. It can be also define as a machine that transfers the mechanical energy of a motor or an engine in to potential, kinetic, and thermal energy pump belongs to the category of power absorbing machines. Pumping is the addition of energy to move it from one place to another.  The pumps used to handle water are called hydraulic pumps. Other common types of pump are fuel pumps, oil pumps, mud pumps etc.  A pump is defined as a device, which raises or transfer liquids at the expense of power input.  A machine designed to elevate, deliver, and move various liquids.  A unit that transfer mechanical energy of a motor of an engine in to potential and kinetic energy of a liquid.  Application area of pump the municipal water works, power plants, agriculture, transport and many other utility services and industries.  According to design and principle of operation, pumps may be classified in following two categories: Dynamic pumps, which include centrifugal pumps, axial flow and peripheral pumps. Positive displacement pumps, which include reciprocating pumps (piston pump, plunger pump), rotary pumps (gear type, screw type and vane type). EXERCISE 1. Define pump and classify different types of pumps. 2. Explain with neat sketch the following types of Reciprocating Pump. 1) Plunger Pump 2) Single Acting Pump 3) Double Acting Pump 4) Bucket Pump
  • 9. G.I.D.C. DEGREE ENGINEERING COLLEGE, NAVSARI 3. Explain with neat sketch the following types of Rotary Pump. 1) Gear Pump 2) Screw Pump 3) Vane Pump 4. Explain with neat sketch the following types of Centrifugal Pump. 1) Volute Pump 2) Vortex Pump 3) Diffuser Pump 5. What is priming? Why priming is required in centrifugal pump? Also write methods of priming. 6. Explain with neat sketch function of Air Chamber.
  • 10. G.I.D.C. DEGREE ENGINEERING COLLEGE, NAVSARI EXPERIMENT NO.6 OBJECTIVE  To study different types of compressor. THEORY  The compressor is the machine which handles a compressible fluid and pressurizes it by doing work on it. The fluid can be air, gas or vapor. It can be also defined as a machine which takes in air at low pressure and compresses it to high pressure which the help of some suitable arrangement. i.e. reciprocating piston and cylinder arrangement or rotary arrangement it is called an air compressor.  Generally an air compressor takes in air at the atmospheric pressure. It is compressed to high pressure and delivered it is to a storage tank. From the storage tank it is taken out for different uses through the pipe lines. The compressor driven with the help of some prime mover. SYSTEM The compressor is a single acting, two stage, twin cylinder, stationary reciprocating air compressor. It is mounted directly on a storage tank for storing the air and to deliver it at a constant pressure. The compressor is coupled with a three phase, 1440 rpm; ac motor through a v-belt and the speed is reduced to 800 rpm. The com pressure is supplied with a pressure switch (unloader), an energy meter, a safety valve, pressure gauges, air delivery valve, an arrangement for airflow measurement, a dynamometer etc. The other technical specifications of the compressor are as follows; - Displacement: 300LPM - Working pressure: 12kg/cm - Storage tank capacity: 160 liters - Bore and stroke of the LP cylinder: 70 X 85 mm - Bore and stroke of the HP cylinder: 57 X 85 mm - Clearance ratio (c): 0.020 for the LP cylinder 0.030 for the HP cylinder
  • 11. G.I.D.C. DEGREE ENGINEERING COLLEGE, NAVSARI - Speed of the compressor (N) = 900 rpm - Energy meter constant: 200 rev/kWh - Co-efficient of discharge (C) of the orifice: 0.6 - Diameter of the orifice plate: 15 mm EXERCISE 1. What is compressor? Give its classification. 2. Write down use of compressed air. 3. Draw sketch of reciprocating compressor and explain its working. 4. Define following in context with the compressor: (i) Capacity (ii) Free air delivery (iii) Multi staging (iv) Volumetric efficiency 3. Sketch a simple centrifugal compressor and explain its working. 4. Sketch an axial flow compressor and explain its working. 5. Compare reciprocating and rotodynamic compressor.
  • 12. G.I.D.C. DEGREE ENGINEERING COLLEGE, NAVSARI EXPERIMENT NO.7 OBJECTIVE  To understand the working principle of refrigeration and air conditioning systems. THEORY  Refrigeration is defined as the process of reducing temperature of a body, making it less than the surrounding temperature and maintaining it.  The device that helps perform process of refrigeration is known as a Refrigerator and the working cycle le on which the device (refrigerator) works is knows as a Refrigeration Cycle .  Refrigeration system find application in variety of areas like preservation of food items, storage of medicines at low temperature, for comfort air conditioning, manufacturing of ice, liquefaction of gases like oxygen etc.  Air conditioning is defined as simultaneous control of temperature, humidity, air movement, oxygen content and cleanliness of air.  Complete air conditioning process includes following: (a) Cooling or heating of air (b) Addition of moisture (Humidification) or removal of moisture (Dehumidification) of air (c) Control of air movement (d) Control of quantity of oxygen in air (e) Maintaining air cleanliness  The two main application of air conditioning are: (a) For generation of conditions where a human body feels comfortable. This is known as comfort air conditioning. (b) For providing conditioned air for some industrial application like manufacturing of paper, textile industry etc. This is known as
  • 13. G.I.D.C. DEGREE ENGINEERING COLLEGE, NAVSARI industrial air conditioning TASK  To understand Vapor Compression Refrigeration (VCR) system and identify its main system components.  Represent the VCR cycle on a P-h and T-s diagram  To understand working of different devices like a house hold refrigerator, a water cooler, an ice making plant etc. working on VCR cycle.  To understand the basic air conditioning process like heating, cooling, humidification, dehumidification etc.  To identify the main system components and understand the working of following air conditioning equipments: (a) A window air conditioner (b) A split air conditioner EXERCISE 1. Define refrigeration and refrigerant. Write down properties of good refrigerant. 2. Define COP for a refrigeration system & one ton of refrigeration. 3. Draw a neat schematic of a VCR system and explain its working with T-s and p-h charts. 4. With help of neat sketch explain the working of Domestic VCR system & VAR system. 5. Define air conditioning. Explain the principle of air conditioning. 6. With a neat sketch explain the working of a window air conditioner and a split air conditioner. Also discuss their relative merits and demerits.
  • 14. G.I.D.C. DEGREE ENGINEERING COLLEGE, NAVSARI EXPERIMENT NO.8 OBJECTIVE  Study of elements of motion transmission and power transmission THEORY  Mechanical systems often need motion or power to transmit from prime mover to a machine or from one shaft to another shaft. The sources of power generally used are electrical motors, internal combustion engines, or steam hydraulic and gas turbines.  The drive may be individual drive from a captive motor or group drive from a line shaft. Further the transmission may be through a flexible system like belts, ropes and chain drive or a positive drive like gear or clutch drive. Belts and ropes are normally flexible in nature and they are used when the shafts are comparatively large distance apart. Gears are used between shafts having relatively smaller center distance. Chains are used for relatively large centre distance between shafts. Unlike belts and ropes, chains and gear are positive drive elements which transmit power without slip.  Belt and Rope Drives: To transmit the power from one shaft to another, pulleys are mounted on the two · shafts. The pulleys are then connected by an endless belt or rope passing over the pulleys. The connecting belt or rope is kept in tension so that motion of one pulley is transferred to the other without slip. The speed of the driven shaft can be varied by varying the diameter of the pulleys.  Types of belt: Flat belt, V-belt, Circular belt or Rope Type of flat belt drives:  Open belt drive  Crossed or twisted belt drive  Chain drives: To avoid slippage, steel chains are used. The chain is made up of a rigid links which are hinge d together in order to provide the necessary
  • 15. G.I.D.C. DEGREE ENGINEERING COLLEGE, NAVSARI flexibility for wrapping around the driving and driven wheels. The wheels have projecting teeth and fit into the corresponding recesses, in the links of the chain. The wheel and the chain are thus constrained to move together without slipping and ensure perfect velocity ratio. The toothed wheels are known as sprocket wheels or simply sprockets. These wheels resemble to spur gears.  Gear Trains: A gear train is a combination of gears used to transmit motion and power from one shaft to another. It becomes necessary when it is required to obtain large speed reduction with in a small space. The following are main types of gear trains.  Simple gear train : 1. A pair of mating external always moves in opposite direction 2. All odd numbered gears move in one direction and all even numbered gears move in opposite direction. 3. Speed ratio is the ratio of the speed of the driving to the driven shaft, is negative when the input and output gears rotate in opposite direction and it is positive when the two rotate in same direction. Reciprocal of speed ratio is known as the train valve of the gear train. 4. All the gears can be in a straight line or arranged in zigzag manner.  Compound gear train : When a series of gears are connected in such a way that two or more gears rotate about an axis with the same angular velocity, it is known as compound gear train. In this type, some of the intermediate shafts, i.e. other than the input and output shafts carry more than one gear. Advantages of gear train: 1. It transmits exact velocity ratio. 2. It may be used to transmit large-power 3. It has high efficiency 4. It has compact layout Disadvantages of gear train: 1. The manufacture of gears requires special tools and equipment 2. The error in cutting teeth may cause vibrations and noise during operation EXERCISE
  • 16. G.I.D.C. DEGREE ENGINEERING COLLEGE, NAVSARI 1. Give Comparison the individual drive and group drive. 2. Name the methods by which power from one shaft to another shaft is transmitted. 3. Explanation the different type of belts drive and pulleys with neat sketch. 4. Discussion the gear drive, chain drive and friction drive with neat sketch. 5. What is bearing? Classify the bearing and draw sketch of the thrust bearing. 6. What is the function of gear trains in automobiles? 7. What is the function of the stepped pulley and idler pulley? 8. What is V-belt drive? How it differs from a flat belt drive?
  • 17. G.I.D.C. DEGREE ENGINEERING COLLEGE, NAVSARI EXPERIMENT NO.9 OBJECTIVE  To study the working and applications of Coupling, Clutch and Brake. THEORY  Coupling Couplings are used for joining sections of long transmission shafts. They are also used for connecting the shaft of a driving machine to the shaft of a separately built machine so as to give an effect of continuous shaft. 1. Rigid coupling Rigid couplings are used connect two shafts when they are in perfect axial alignment • Sleeve or Box or Muff coupling • Split muff or clamp coupling • Flange couplings 2. Flexible coupling These types of couplings are used protect the driving and driven machines from effect of shocks excesses stresses due to deflection and vibrations, which may arise from misalignment of shafts. • Bush pin type flange coupling
  • 18. G.I.D.C. DEGREE ENGINEERING COLLEGE, NAVSARI • Oldham coupling • Universal coupling • Clutch The flow of mechanical power is controlled by means of a clutch. The clutch is a mechanical device, which is used to connect or disconnect the source of powerfrom the remaining parts of the power transmission system s at the will of the operator An automotive clutch can permit the engine to run without driving the car. This is desirable when the engine is to be started or stopped or when the gears are to be shifted.  Single plate friction clutch  Multi disc clutch  Centrifugal clutches • Brake A brake is a mechanical device by means of which artificial resistance is applied to a moving system or machine in order to slow down or completely stop the motion of a machine. In performing this function, the brake absorbs either kinetic energy of moving members such as rotating drum, machine, automobile vehicle or potential energy given up by objects being lowered by hoists, elevators. The energy absorbed by a brake is converted into heat energy and dissipated in the surroundings air. There are two distinct functions of vehicle brakes.  To stop or slow down the vehicle in the shortest possible distance in emergencies.  To control the vehicle to be retained when descending a hill. Types of brakes: According to the means used for transforming the energy by the braking elements the brakes are classified as  hydraulic brakes  electric brakes  Mechanical brakes Depending upon the shape of the friction material the mechanical brakes are classified as block brake, internal or external shoe brakes and band brakes. EXERCISE
  • 19. G.I.D.C. DEGREE ENGINEERING COLLEGE, NAVSARI 1. What is coupling? Classify the couplings. 2. What is difference between rigid coupling and flexible coupling? 3. Explain the following couplings with neat sketch. a. Oldham’s coupling b. Flange coupling c. Bush pin flexible coupling 4. What is clutch? State its function and classify the clutches. 5. Explain the following clutches with neat sketch. 1. Disc clutch 2. Cone clutch 6. What is brake? How it differs from clutch? 7. Classify the different type of Brakes. 8. Explain an internal expanding shoe brake and a band brake with neat sketch.
  • 20. G.I.D.C. DEGREE ENGINEERING COLLEGE, NAVSARI EXPERIMENT NO.10 OBJECTIVE  To study the different types of engineering materials. THEORY All the Engineering of any disciplines should have the proper knowledge of engineering materials for the successful design and working of any engineering system. Proper material should be selected with functional, service and economical considerations. For the selection of proper materials for the products, knowledge about the materials and their properties may be very useful. The important mechanical properties are as below: 1. Strength 2. Elasticity 3. Plasticity 4. Malleability 5. Ductility 6. Impact strength 7. Hardness 8. Toughness 9. Brittleness 10. Resilience 11. Creep 12. Fatigue Classification of Materials: The engineering materials can be broadly classified as follows: 1. Metallic a. Ferrous (Iron, steel and their alloys) b. Non-ferrous (copper, zinc, lead, aluminum etc. and their alloys) 2. Non Metallic (Plastic, rubber, timber, ceramics, polymers, glass etc.) EXERCISES 1. Define the following properties of material. Strength, Elasticity, Plasticity, Malleability, Ductility, Impact strength, Hardness, Toughness, Brittleness, Resilience, Creep and Fatigue 2. Define ferrous and non-ferrous materials. 3. State and classify steels. Give at least one example of their applications. 4. Give the examples of non-ferrous materials with their application. 5. What is ceramic? State at least two its properties and practical applications. 6. What are abrasive materials? State their applications.