Marker assisted selection

2. Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola
Post Graduate Institute, Akola
Department of Vegetable Science
Breeding for Biotic and Abiotic Stress Resistance
GP-510
Title :- Utilizing MAS procedures for identifying resistant
types in important crops like Rice, Sorghum, Wheat, Cotton.
Submitted to :
Dr. Swati P. B
Associate professor
Dept. of Agricultural Botany
PGI, Akola
Submitted by :
S Joginder Singh
M. Sc 1st year
Dept. of Vegetable Science
PGI, Akola
10-04-2023 2
S JOGINDER SINGH [ M.Sc. Veg Science ]

3. What is MAS ?
• Marker assisted selection or marker aided selection
(MAS) is a process where a marker is used for indirect
selection of a trait of interest.
• It is a indirect selection method.
• Trait of interest is selected based on marker linked to it.
Pre-Requisites:
(i) a tight linkage between molecular marker and gene of
interest.
(ii) high heritability of the gene of interest.
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4. 10-04-2023 S JOGINDER SINGH [ M.Sc. Veg Science ] 4
Types of
Markers

5. 1) Morphological
• Markers that have obvious impact on morphology of
plant.
Ex:-
1. Presence or absence of awn.
2. Leaf sheath colouration.
3. Height.
4. Grain colour.
5. Aroma of rice etc.
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6. 2) Biochemical
• A gene that encodes a protein that can be extracted and
observed.
• Any plant tissue can be used as sample.
Ex:-Isozymes and storage proteins.
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7. 3) Cytological
• The chromosomal banding produced by different stains .
Ex:- G banding.
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8. 4) Biological
• Different pathogen races or insect biotypes based on
host pathogen or host parasite interaction can be
used as a marker since the genetic constitution of
an organism can affect its susceptibility to
pathogens or parasites.
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9. 5) DNA-based / Molecular
• A unique (DNA sequence),
occurring in proximity to the
gene or locus of interest, can
be identified by a range of
molecular techniques such
as RFLPs, RAPDs, AFLP,
DAF, SCARs, microsatellites
etc.
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10. Important properties of ideal markers
for MAS
• Easy recognition of all possible phenotypes.
• Demonstrates measurable differences in expression
between trait types, early in the development of the
organism.
• Has no effect on the trait of interest.
• Low or null interaction among the markers allowing the
use of many at the same time.
• Abundant in number.
• Polymorphic.
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11. Steps for MAS
• The first step is to map the gene or quantitative trait locus (QTL) of interest
first by using different techniques and then use this information for marker
assisted selection.
• The markers to be used should be close to gene of interest (<5
recombination unit or cM) in order to ensure that only minor fraction of
the selected individuals will be recombinants.
• Not only a single marker but rather two markers are used in order to
reduce the chances of an error due to homologous recombination.
• For example, if two flanking markers are used at same time with an interval
between them of approximately 20cM, there is higher probability (99%) for
recovery of the target gene.
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12. Advantages of marker-assisted selection
Marker-assisted selection may greatly increase the
efficiency and effectiveness for breeding compared to
conventional breeding.
The fundamental advantages of MAS compared to
conventional phenotypic selection are:
• Simpler compared to phenotypic screening
• Selection may be carried out at seedling stage
• Single plants may be selected with high reliability.
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13. MAS in Rice
• Pyramiding of bacterial blight
gene Xa5, Xa21, Xa13 by
Khush group, IRRI and two
resistant rice varieties
developed.
Ex:- Amgke, Conde in Indonesia.
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14. MAS in Rice continued -
The Swarna Sub-1 line has been
developed by marker assisted
backcross breeding, involving
Swarna as recurrent parent and
FR-13A as donor parent for
submergence tolerance by D. J.
Mackill and group at IRRI.
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15. MAS in Rice continued -
• At IARI, Dr. N. K. Singh and
group (2003) had combined
bacterial blight resistance and
basmati quality characteristics
by marker assisted backcross
breeding in Pusa Basmati-1.
• It is the first early
maturing basmati rice variety.
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16. MAS in Rice continued -
• Pusa Basmati 1637: It is a near
isogenic line of Pusa Basmati 1
incorporated with blast resistance
gene Pi9 through marker assisted
backcross breeding.
• Pusa Basmati 1609: It is the first
Basmati rice variety developed by
pyramiding blast resistance genes
Piz5 and Pi54 through MAS which
showed resistance to leaf and neck
blast
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17. MAS in Rice continued -
• Improved Samba Mahsuri (RP Bio-226) was
developed by scientists from CSIR-CCMB
(Centre for Cellular & Molecular Biology) and
the ICAR-IIRR (Indian Institute of Rice
Research).
• The variety was developed using Marker
assisted selection and has three major
bacterial blight resistance genes Xa21, xa13
and xa5.
• The rice has the lowest Glycemic Index (GI) at
50.9 (suitable for people with diabetics).
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18. MAS in Sorghum
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• In Sudan four Striga-resistant varieties
in the genetic backgrounds of popular,
but striga-susceptible, improved
sorghum varieties “Tabat”, “Wad
Ahmed” and “AG8”.
• These four experimental varieties were
developed using marker assisted
backcrossing “ASARECA.T1”
(T1BC3S4); “ASARECA.W2 Striga”
W2BC3S4; “ASARECA.AG3”
AG2BC3S4; and “ASARECA.AG4”
(AG6BC3S4).

19. MAS in Sorghum contined…
• One to four Striga
resistances QTL were
introgressed successfully
in the SAMSORG39 and
DANYANA sorghum
variety grown in Nigeria.
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20. MAS in Sorghum contined…
• Six improved shoot fly
resistance ILs were
produced from three crosses
involving elite parental lines
ICSB 29004, Parbhani Moti
(SPV1411) and BTx623
derivatives (J2658, J2714,
J2614) by subsequent
marker assisted
backcrossing.
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21. Name Class Gene(s) introgressed Effect Place
Above
a
, Avalanche
a
, Ankor
a
HRW, HWW, HRW Bdv2 Resistance to yellow dwarf
virus
CO, USA
BIOINTA 2004 HRW Lr47 Resistance to leaf rust Córdoba, Argentina
Cataldo SWS H25 Resistance to Hessian fly ID, USA
Expresso (DA984-034SRR) HRS Yr17 and Yr15 Resistance to stripe rust CA, USA
Kern
a
HRS Stb4 Resistance to Septoria CA, USA
Mace HRW Wsm-1 Resistance to wheat streak
mosaic virus (WSMV)
NE, USA
McNeal
a
, Reeder
a
, Hank
a
HRS Qss.msub-3BL Resistance to wheat stem
sawfly
MT, USA
Patwin HRS Yr17, Lr37-Sr38 and Glu-
D1 (5 + 10)
Resistance to stripe rust, leaf
rust, stem rust, strong gluten
and good bread making
quality
CA, USA
Scarlet (WA7994)
a
HRS Yr15 and Gpc-B1 Resistance to stripe rust and
high grain protein content
WA, USA
Westmore Durum Yr36 and Gpc-B1 Resistant to stripe rust and
high grain protein content
AZ, USA
MAS in Wheat
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22. MAS in Cotton
• DNA markers connected to the major QTL (QTLFS1)
for fiber strength could be utilized in MAS to
increase fiber strength of commercial varieties in
segregating populations.
• SSR markers namely CIR 316 tightly linked to
Rootknot nematode (RKN) resistant region on
chromosome 11 and BNL 3661 marker tightly
linked to RKN resistant region on chromosome 14.
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23. MAS in Cotton continued…
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