Cognition Review

1. Jeopardy
obstacles thinking errors Lang dev Stages
Q $100
Q $200
Q $300
Q $400
Q $500
Q $100 Q $100 Q $100 Q $100
Q $200 Q $200 Q $200 Q $200
Q $300 Q $300 Q $300 Q $300
Q $400 Q $400 Q $400 Q $400
Q $500 Q $500 Q $500 Q $500
Final Jeopardy

2. $100
This person definitely does not have this
obstacle for thinking of new uses or ordinary
objects.

3. $100
Functional
fixedness (does
not have it!)

4. $200
When we think outside the box,
we have _______ thinking.

5. $200
Divergent thinking

6. $300
When you take a shortcut,
you are using a “rule of
thumb” or a _______.

7. $300
heuristic

8. $400
When you go through all
possible solutions (like a
computer) you are using _____

9. $400
algorithm

10. $500
When we cling to our beliefs even when there is
evidence to the
contrary we have ________ ________.

11. $500
belief perseverance
Tony Romo is the
best quarterback in
the NFL.

12. $100
This shortcut in thinking leads us to
jump to conclusions about people since
they best fit our prototypical
[something]
Athlete??

13. $100
representative heuristic
called social schemas in social psychology
Who would you go to for math tutoring? Your answer is based on
your representative heuristic will tell you to go with the smoking nerd.

14. $200
This shortcut in thinking leads us to think
dramatic events are more likely to happen than
boring events.

15. $200
Availability
heuristic

16. $300
We purposefully look for
information that fits our
preconceived beliefs. ____ bias

17. $300
confirmation bias

18. $400
How a situation is described can affect our
thoughts.
A drug has a 90% success rate.
Or
10% of drug takers will die no matter what.
What word describes this?

19. $400
Framing
Do we cut taxes on the rich or do we cut taxes on the “job creators?”

20. $500
This type of thinking is conventional, conforming
and sometimes the best.

21. $500
convergent thinking
Diet and exercise is the best way to get in shape.
It’s also the “standard way.”

22. 100
This is another word for “meaning” as in the
meaning of a word.

23. $100
semantic

24. 200
The English language has at least 36 ______
the smallest unit of sound.

25. $200
phonemes

26. 300
Prefixes and suffixes (and root words) are
examples of these.

27. $300
Morphemes - meaning
Unbreakable has 3 morphemes

28. $400
This word describes the proper order of words
in a language. The White House or the House
White???

29. 400
Syntax

30. 500
This describes the rules of language such as
syntax.

31. $500 grammar

32. $100
This theory says we
Learn language through reinforcement
and imitation.

33. $100
Social learning theory
Skinner and Bandura

34. $200
This theory says that language is partially natural;
we have an inborn LAD language acquisition device
In our brain.

35. $200
Nativist theory by Chomsky

36. $300
This theory says our language influences how
we think.

37. 300 Linguistic Determinism
If your culture has 25 words for rice, then rice
must be very important in your culture

38. 400
this term describes how we try solution after
solution until we eventually get it right.

39. $400
trial and error
Which key is the right one??

40. $500
Kholer studied this type of
learning with chimps

41. $500
Insight learning

42. $100
This is effortless,
immediate, automatic
feeling or thought, as
contrasted with explicit,
conscious reasoning.

43. $100
Intuition

44. $200
This is the tendency to be
more confident than correct

45. $200
Overconfidence

46. $300
This is an impairment of language,
usually caused by left hemisphere
damage. (two types)

47. $300
Aphasia

48. $400
This is the tendency to approach a
problem in one particular way that
a been successful in the past.

49. $400
mental set

50. $500
This is a type of insight that sets
in after some time away from
the initial problem

51. $500 Incubation effect

52. Final Jeopardy

53. Final Jeopardy Answer
Who is Tolstoy?
(The book is
Kingdom of God)