1. - - - -
n-
- n - 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 - m -
1
-
- - -
- n
- - -
-
n
- - 1 2 - -
- -2 5 3 2 1 3 m
- - - -
ank a2a1· b1b2kbm)
a1a2 a3kan
b1 b2 b3kbm
(101.1101)2

2. =0
0+1=1
1+0=1
1+1=0
=

3. +
5
(3)
(4)
1100011

4. 1011 1 1

5. = 0
1 - 0 = 1
1 - 1 = 0
0 - 1 = 1
-

6. x =0
0 x 1 =1
------
1x0=0

7. 1 x 1 =1
x
X
101
10110
+
00000
10110
1101110
x (101)2 = (1101110)2
x (101)2
10110.01
X
10
10110011
+

8. 00000000
10110011
1101111.111
(10110.011)2 x (101) 2 = (1101111.111)2
1=0
=1
1011
10
-

9. -
-
00
=
10011.1001˜
110
-

10. 10
-
1000
-
=
-

11. - n n-1 - 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 - m -
- n- n- 3 2 1 0 - 2 3 - - -
5 4 4
2 1 m
anKa2 a1˙b1 b2Kbm
a1 a2kan
k
b 1 b2 b m )
(36.541)8

12. MSD LSD
=
8)152
8)19 0
8
2
=

13. X
=
X X
MSD---> 1 4 <---LSD
= (0.14)
8)543
0.1875 0.5000
8)67 7 x
x

14. 8 88
0
1.50004.0000
=
Octai addition
+

15. 76
+ +
2317
Octal subtraction
–
--
-
5736

16. x
x
X
31
372
x =
x

17. X
1354
x
1.
2.
x
x

18. 32
) 64
-
6
4
-
4
0
=