Characteristics of Gases and Gas Laws Explained

Chapter 10 Gases John Bookstaver St. Charles Community College Cottleville, MO Chemistry, The Central Science , 11th edition Theodore L. Brown; H. Eugene LeMay, Jr.; and Bruce E. Bursten

Characteristics of Gases ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],Pressure ,[object Object],P = F A

Units of Pressure ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Standard Pressure ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Boyle’s Law ,[object Object]

As P and V are inversely proportional ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],PV = k

Charles’s Law ,[object Object],A plot of V versus T will be a straight line. ,[object Object],V T = k

Avogadro’s Law ,[object Object],[object Object],V = kn

Ideal-Gas Equation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],V  nT P

Ideal-Gas Equation ,[object Object]

Ideal-Gas Equation ,[object Object],then becomes or PV = nRT nT P V  nT P V = R

Densities of Gases ,[object Object],n V P RT =

[object Object],[object Object],Densities of Gases ,[object Object],n   = m P  RT m V =

Densities of Gases ,[object Object],[object Object],Note: One only needs to know the molecular mass, the pressure, and the temperature to calculate the density of a gas. P  RT m V = d =

Molecular Mass ,[object Object],Becomes P  RT d = dRT P  =

Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Partial Pressures ,[object Object],[object Object]

Kinetic-Molecular Theory ,[object Object]

Main Tenets of Kinetic-Molecular Theory ,[object Object]

Graham's Law KE 1 KE 2 = 1/2 m 1 v 1 2 1/2 m 2 v 2 2 = = m 1 m 2 v 2 2 v 1 2  m 1  m 2  v 2 2  v 1 2 = v 2 v 1 =

Deviations from Ideal Behavior ,[object Object]

Corrections for Nonideal Behavior ,[object Object],[object Object]

The van der Waals Equation ) ( V − nb ) = nRT n 2 a V 2 ( P +

Characteristics of Gases and Gas Laws Explained

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Characteristics of Gases and Gas Laws Explained