2. Clinical Interviews Face to face discussions Mental status exam ____________ and ________________ ____________ processes __________and _____________ Intellectual functioning __________________
3. Strengths and Limitations Strengths Allows for initial ____________________ of an individual’s overall __________________ Can ________________areas that may need to be __________________ in more detail Limitations Relies on ___________________________ on what is said and observed Two mental health professionals may give ____________________ judgements about the same patient
4. Behavioural Observations May occur ___________ clinical interview May also occur in ________________ environment Observations may be done by __________________________________ Very _____________ & ______________ Frequency, severity, specify, circumstance Use of a rating scale
5. Strengths and Limitations Strengths If taken by friends, family, teacher – information can be ________________recorded Prepared record sheets target _________ behaviours May indicate issues that are not identified in interview Limitations If being observed during an interview, behaviour ________________________________________ Interpretation of behaviours may be influenced by ________________________________________
6. Your Turn Miss Sun is concerned that Tiggy, the class tiger, is continually unhappy, perhaps even suffering from depression. She decides to collect some information to see if her ‘hunch’ is correct. She observes Tiggy over a one-week period. 1. Describe five target behaviours that Miss Sun could directly observe to get an indication of the happiness of Tiggy. 2. Construct a rating scale of about five items that Miss Sun could use to record the behaviours she observes.
7. Psychological Testing Diagnostic tests: Tests used to assess ______________________ Various types: intelligence, personality, anxiety An example: MMPI – _______________________________ Focuses on ____ aspects of personality called __________________________ The questions are based on these 10 aspects There are __________ statements – True/False Fig 9.2 pg 298 + Fig 9.6 pg 299
8. Analysing Psychological Tests In groups, briefly compare different psychological tests. http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/mind/index_surveys.shtml Look at: What types of questions they ask and how many How answers are given What the test is measuring
9. Strengths and Limitations Strengths Able to _____________ results to results obtained by those already diagnosed with an illness __________________ tests minimise __________________ errors Limitations Used in isolation, tests don’t give a whole picture of an individual Only give a ________________ of how the person is able to respond at the time of testing
11. Validity Validity: assess what it is __________ to assess Face Validity: a test ‘_____________’ it assess what it is supposed to assess Construct Validity: the test ______________ between symptoms of a particular mental illness i.e. a test of depression ensures it differentiates all important characteristics of depression from the characteristics of an anxiety disorder Concurrent Validity: the results for the test _______________ well with results obtained by another valid test of the same nature
12. Reliability Reliability: the ability of the test to ______________________ assess what it is supposed to assess ______________ it is given Test-Retest Reliability: give the same test to the same individuals on ______________occasions Problem: the person taking the test may remember the responses given the first time and give the same responses Alternative Form Reliability: give a ___________ test to the same individual on _____________ occasions Problem: need to be sure that the two tests are not too dissimilar
