chslmgrade9-150727122959-lva1-app6892 (1).pdf

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Basic Education Curriculum
TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD
EDUCATION
Information and Communications
Technology
Learner’s Material
Computer Hardware Servicing

ii
Department of Education
Republic of the Philippines
Computer Hardware Servicing –Grade 9
Learner’s Material
First Edition, 2013
ISBN: ___________
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over them.
Published by the Department of Education
Secretary: Br. Armin A. Luistro FSC
Undersecretary: Dina S.Ocampo, Ph.D.
Assistant Secretary: Lorna Dig Dino, Ph.D.
Printed in the Philippines by ____________
Department of Education-Instructional Materials Council Secretariat(DepEd-IMCS)
Office Address: 2nd Floor Dorm G, Philsports Complex, Meralco Avenue,
Pasig City, Philippines 1600
Telefax: (02) 634-1054, 634-1072
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Development Team of the Learner’s Material
Authors: Rosalie P. Lujero and Ronaldo V. Ramilo
Editors: Joemar A. Garraton
Reviewers: Romeo B. Gacutan, Simfroso C. Robles II and Marion I. Alinas
Illustrator and Layout Artists:
Subject Specialist: Owen M. Milambiling
Management Team: Dr.Lolita M. Andrada, Jocelyn DR Andaya, Bella O. Mariñas,
Dr. Jose D. Tuguinayo, Jr.

iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Module 1: PERSONAL ENTREPRENEURIAL COMPETENCIES
Explore your Understanding ………………………………………….…
Guide Questions ………………………………………………………….
Pre-Assessment ………………………………………………………….
Self-Assessment …………………………………………………………
Lesson 1 …………………………………………………………………….
Firm Up …………………………………………………………………….
Deepen …………………………………………………………………...
Transfer …………………………………………………………………..
Post-Assessment ……………………………………………………….
Feedback ………………………………………………………………..
Module 2: ENVIRONMENT AND MARKET
Explore your Understanding …………………………………………..
Lesson 1: Needs and Wants of People ………………………………..
Lesson 2: Generating Ideas for Business …………………………….
Lesson 3: Selecting the Right Ideas……………………………………
Lesson 4: Environmental Scanning ……………………………………
Firm Up …………………………………………………………………..
Deepen ....………………………………………………………………..
Transfer …………………………………………………………………..
Post-Assessment ……………………………………………………….
Feedback …………………………………………………………………
Module 3: INSTALL COMPUTER SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS
1
2
2
5
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
19
20
22
23
24
24
29
30
31
Introduction ………………………………………………………………… 33
Objectives………………………………………………………………….. 34
Pre- Assessment …………………………………………… 35

iv
Lesson 1: PLAN AND PREPARE FOR INSTALLATION ………………… 36
1.1 Safety Measures: OHS Policies and Procedures………………… 36
1.2 Understanding Computer System……………………………..…… 46
1.3 Computer Systems, Devices and Peripheral …………..………… 46
1.4 Network…………………………..…………………………..………. 64
1.5 Materials, tools, equipment and testing devices………………….. 70
Lesson 2: INSTALL EQUIPMENT / DEVICES and SYSTEMS ……….… 76
2. 1 Safety Precautions…………………………..…………………….… 76
2.2 System Specification..…………………………………………….…. 80
2.3 Installation of Hardware components and other peripherals…… 84
2.4 Installing Operating System …………………………….……….… 106
2.5 Windows 7 installation ……………………………………….…….. 123
2.6 Basic Computer Configuration Set- up …………………….…….. 136
Lesson 3: CONDUCT TEST ON THE INSTALLED COMPUTER
SYSTEM ……………………………………………………………………….
145
3.1. Testing Installed equipment/devices/system…………………... 145
Summative Test ……………………………………………………………….. 153
Post- Test ………………………………………………………………………. 158
References ……………………………………………………………………… 159
Glossary of Terms.……………………………………………………………… 161
Acronyms ……………………………………………………………………….. 163
Module 4: DIAGNOSE AND TROUBLESHOOT COMPUTER SYSTEM 165
Pre- assessment ……………………………………………………………… 167
Lesson 1: PLAN AND PREPARE FOR DIAGNOSIS OF COMPUTER
SYSTEM ……………………………………………………………………….
169
1.1 Safety Precautions ………………………………………………… 169
1.2 Types of Computer System Error …..……………………………..
1.3 Diagnosing Computer Systems …………………..………....
173
175
Lesson 2: DIAGNOSE AND CONFIGURE COMPUTER SYSTEMS
AND NETWORKS………………………………………………………………
180

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2.1 Safety Precautions ………………………….………………….…. 180
2.2 Basic Concepts of Electricity……………………………………… 181
2.3 Techniques for Testing Computer System………………………. 188
2.4 Tools for Testing Computer System..……………………………. 200
2.5 Troubleshooting Computer System Network …………………... 204
2.6 Computer System and Network Configurations ……………….. 211
Lesson 3: INSPECT AND TEST THE CONFIGURED COMPUTER SYSTEMS
AND NETWORKS …………………………………………………………………….. 221
3.1 General Safety Tips and Reminders ……………………………… 221
3.2 Replacing Different Components …………………………………. 226
3.3 Upgrading your Computer Components …………………………. 228
3.3 Basic Network Errors ……………………………………………….. 233
3.4 Award BOS / CMOS Setup ………………………………………… 243
Lesson 4: TEST SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS………………………………….. 253
4.1 Testing Computer System …………………………………….…… 253
4.2 Error Beep Codes ………………………………………….………. 257
Post Assessment ………………………………………………………………. 266
Summative Test ………………………………………………………….……. 268
References …………………………………………………………………….. 273
Glossary ……………………………………………………………………….. 275

1
Technology and Livelihood Education
Entrepreneurship
Module 1: Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies
Have you ever thought about running your own business? Entrepreneurship
has brought great success to some people, but it's not a career path for all. Do
you think you can handle the stress and hard work that go with running a small
business enterprise? The key to success in a small business enterprise is your
entrepreneurial ability to produce the desired results. Before embarking on your
first business, it's worth spending some time evaluating your own preparedness
for entrepreneurship. Try to examine your own personality and compare it with
the Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies (PECs) of a successful
entrepreneur. Ask yourself if you are ready to enter into the world of business. If
your answer is yes, consider this reminder:“Successful entrepreneurs
continuously develop and improve their PECs.”
EXPLORE Your Understanding
Essential Question
- How can one ensure entrepreneurial success?

2
Content Standard
- The learner demonstrates understanding of Personal
Entrepreneurial Competencies (PECs)
Performance Standard
- The learner prepares an activity plan that addresses his/her
development areas based on his/her PECs and improves further
his/her areas of strength.
Guide Questions:
1. Why is there a need to assess one’s personal characteristics, attributes,
lifestyles, skills and traits?
2. What are the personal entrepreneurial competencies of a successful
entrepreneur?
3. Why is it necessary to compare one’s personal characteristics, attributes,
lifestyles, skills and traits with the personal entrepreneurial competencies
of a successful entrepreneur?
4. How do you relate your PECs to the PECs of a successful entrepreneur?
5. Based on the data that you have gathered from the interview with the
successfulentrepreneur in your community, how do you develop your
PECs?
6. Can you prepare an action plan that addresses your areas of development
and strength based on your PECs?
7. How does your action plan help sustain your strong areas and / or address
your development areas based on your PECs?
Hello there! Are you ready to assess yourself to become a
successful entrepreneur in the future? As honestly as you can,
please answer the pre-assessment below.

3
Pre- Assessment
A. Matching Type
Directions: Column A lists the characteristics of a successful entrepreneur.
Draw a line from each of the items in Column A that connectsto
each of the correct definition of terms listed in Column B.
Column A Column B
1. Hardworking
2. Self-Confident
3. Profit-Oriented
4. Goal-Oriented
5. Persistent
6. Responds to feedback
7. Willing to listen
8. Committed
9. Reliable and has
integrity
10.Risk-Taker
a. Ability to set realistic targets
b. Interest in money generation
c. To succeed, one must believe in
one’s self
d. Working diligently and industriously
e. Being able to heed the advice of
others
f. Obtaining useful comments and
advice from others
g. Being patient as one strives to
achieve the goal
h. Ability to take measures or
calculated threats
i. Being honest, fair, and trustworthy
j. A major characteristic that is a
priority in the entrepreneur’s life
Are you done? This time you will do another set of pre- assessment
which could giveyou a better understanding of what this module
isall about. Are you ready? Let’s begin!

4
Multiple Choice.
Directions:Read and study the situation that describes entrepreneurial
characteristics or attributes. Answer the question by writing the letter of your
choice in your assignment notebook or on the answer sheet provided.
Ms. Juliana Frances Rose opens up her own retail business. She knows that
her personal entrepreneurial characteristics are insufficient to ensure the
successful operationalization of a business that she has in mind. Your
answers to the questions below will help in developing her PECs.
1. What PECs must she possessif there are customers who complain about the
quality of her product?
a. Patience
b. Hardwork
c. Versatility
d. All of the above
2. Which of the following is NOT considered as a characteristic of an
entrepreneur?
a. Copes with failure
b. Dependent
c. Persistent
d. Opportunity seeker
3. If she wants to ensure a profitable business operation, what characteristic
will she maintain?
a. Commited
b. Goal oriented
c. Futuristic
4. Ms. Juliana follows the advice of a friend to be flexible especially if she
intends to open a retail business. What PECs has been demonstrated by
Mrs.Pakingan?
a. Self- Confidence
b. Reliable and integrity

5
c. Open to feedback
d. Oppenes to Persistence
5. She tells Rio, her best friend that she has a strong will and does not give up
finding a solution to a business problem. What PECs has been
demonstrated by Mrs. Pakingan?
a. Hard work
b. Persistence
c. Self-Confidence
d. Risk- Taking
This timeevaluate your own personal entrepreneurial
characteristicsto determine whether you too, can become an
entrepreneur. If you are ready, you may begin!
C. Self- Assessment
Directions:Below is a list of Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies(PECs) of a
successful entrepreneur. Put a checkmark in the 2nd column that
indicates your strong PECs. The check markin the 3rd column are
those PECs that need to be developed.
Personal Entrepreneurial
Competencies of an
Entrepreneur
My Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies
Strength Need to be Developed
Hardworking
Self-Confident
Builds for the future
Profit-Oriented
Goal-Oriented
Persistent
Copes with failure

6
Responds to feedback
Demonstrates initiative
Willing to listen
Sets own standards
Copes with uncertainty
Committed
Builds on strengths
Reliable and has integrity
Risk-Taker
Did you enjoy examining your PECs? You can become
asuccessful entrepreneur someday. Please don’t feel badly
when you discover that some of these are still to be
developed. Continue your exploration to find answers to
how to improve on these underdeveloped PECs.
Lesson1.Important Entrepreneurial Traits
The following are the fundamental characteristics of an entrepreneur:
1. Hard working: If you are determined to run your own business, you must
concentrate on your work either as a producer or a seller. The success of
your business depends on how much time and effort you will spend on it.
2. Self- Confident: You must have a strong faith in your ability despite the
problems that you will encounter along the way.
3. Future-Oriented: Once you enter in a line of business, you must
understand that you are in a non-stop contract as an entrepreneur. It may
take several years to developa business to a reasonable standard. The
goal for most successful business people is to build a secure job and
ensure a stable income for themselves based on their own ability.

7
4. Profit-Oriented: When you enter the world of business, you are
obviously looking for what you know will be your bread and butter,not only
for you, but also for your family. Therefore, you must see to it that the
business can generate enough income. Another plan of action is to
expand your own business through the use of your generated income.
5. Goal-Oriented: An entrepreneur is forward looking. Youneed advanced
preparation for your business. You set along-term goal for the activities
that are needed, an extensive preparation for the production process and
procedures that you need to go through to acquire human and non-human
resources. Everything in your business will have to be set clearly,
organized, and planned depending on the goal you want to achieve.
6. Persistent: Differences in opinion and judgment may vary. Your
opponent can be part of the rejection about what you intend to do for your
endeavor. As an entrepreneur, you must be firm, strong-willed, and be
able to stick to or follow your own belief.
7. Copes with Failure: “Learn from mistakes”. As an entrepreneur, you
must learn how to deal with the frustrations and failures.Instead, turn
these into productive learning experiences.
8. Responds to Feedback or Is open to Feedback: You must be
concerned about knowing how well you are doing and keep track of your
performance. You must obtain useful feedback and advice from other
people.
9. Takesthe Initiative: Asuccessful entrepreneur takes the initiative. You
must put yourself in a position where you personally are responsible for
the failure orsuccess of your business.
10. Willing to Listen: Take time to listen to the advice, suggestions, and
recommendations of fellow entrepreneurs. These will help your business
grow.
11.SetsOwn Standards:This involves developing and using logical, step-by-
step plans to reach the goals, or offering evaluation alternatives,
monitoring progress, and switching to successful strategies for the goal

8
you want to achieve. To be a successful entrepreneur you must take into
consideration that sales and production depend on your own standards.
12.Copes with Uncertainty:Pursue your vision to be a
successfulentrepreneur, you should know how to handle unusual events
that may happen in the business which include problems in managing the
workers, problems on the delivery of goods and services, and the
problems on demand and production.You must be patient in dealing with
these uncertainties.
13. Committed:You should know thatin your business,personal needs,
attachment to your friends, families and relatives are set aside.You must
separate the money for your business from the amount that you need to
spend for personal obligations and lifestyle.
14. Builds on Strengths:Successful business people base their work on
strengths. Use your manual skills, knowledge in creating products or
services, knowledge in trade and industry, ability to make and use a wide
network of contacts to build your business.
15.Reliable and has Integrity:As an entrepreneur, to make a wide
network…you must build a good reputation, possess the courage to do the
right thing, do what you say, walk your talk, be loyal, and be fair in dealing
with subordinates and costumers.
16.Risk-Taker: Risk sometimes cannot be anticipated. When misfortunes
happen, consider these as challenges and work them out and set good
alternatives. Risks may result in loss of your business or even
bankruptcy.

9
Activity 1: Assessing the PECs of a Practitioner
Direction:Refer from Activity 2 (Aligning ones PECs) on page 10 to perform the
following tasks:
1. select the appropriate characteristics and traits which you feel best
describe a successful practitioner of contact center servicing in your town.
Write down all the descriptions on the second column;
2. afterhaving completed the list in column two, think of your personal
assessment of a successful practitioner by reflecting it on the third column.
This assessment would give you a good idea of significant characteristics
and traits that a successful practitioner must possess.
Practitioner Assessment
Characteristics
-
-
-
-
-
Traits
-
-
-
-
-
Activity 2: Aligning one’s PECs
Directions: Choose from the list below the characteristics and traits that best
describe your own personal entrepreneurial characteristics. Find
ways to align them according to the personal entrepreneurial
characteristics of an entrepreneur which were discussed earlier.
Write your answers in the activity sheet provided.

10
Try to design a concept map that indicates your traits,
characteristics’ and skills that you need topossess in order to
become a successful entrepreneur.
My PECs
Activity 3.My PECs that need to be further improved
Directions:At the junction in the street are arrows where positive and negative
characteristics and traits are written. Pick out the positive PECs
thatare already strong in you, and write them down on the blank
arrows on the left side, “right way”. PECs written on the arrows at
the right side arethe weak characteristics that need to be further
improved, “road to improvement.”
My PECs My simple definition
Things to do to align with PECs of a
successful entrepreneur/practitioner
1. Creative
2. Organized
3. Competent
4. Observant
Creative Resourceful Persistent Organized Independent
Confident Ris-Taker Observant Competent Trustworthy
Optimistic Passionate Flexible Sensitive Committed
Dynamic Efficient Hardworking Decision-Maker Reliable
Knowledgeable Persevering Decisive Strong–Minded Courteous

11
Lesson 1. Strengthening your Identified PECs
Here are your guides on how to strengthen your own PECs.
1. React positively to criticisms and open to feedback.
2. Always demonstrate positive attitude to achieve a desired goal.
3. Always project a strong and well-balanced behavior.
4. Always exercise an assertive style in your work environment.
5. Avoid being too passive and too aggressive.
6. Don’t let anyone worsen your business life.
“road to
improvement”
Road to
Improvement
Right Way

12
7. Prioritize your business goal rather than personal goal in order to become a
successful entrepreneur.
8. Acquire specific skills for creating and maintaining a conducivework
environment.
9. Be responsible in everything you do in your business.
10. Always observe business ethics in putting up a business.
Hello! I’m here once again reminding you whether you have
achieved a certain point that you could honestly tell that you are
already successful in strengthening your own PECs.Let’ ssee…
Activity 1: My techniques to strengthen PECs
Directions: From the given chart below, write at leastsix techniques that would
allow youto strengthen your own PECs. Write the PECs that you feel
that you still need to focus on to strengthen these.
Example: Self-confidence
Self-
confidence
.
.
.
.

13
Preparation of an Action Plan
Culminating Activity
Directions: Examine yourself as an entrepreneur / business person once
again. Make a short list of PECs that you need to strengthen. From this activity,
prepare an action plan that requires further development.You may opt to follow
the suggested format below. You may improve or change itfor so long as it suits
your own plan of action.
Sample Action Plan
Specific Purpose Statement: ( Your vision of your future)
Ex. Developing self-confidence in retail business.
Focus
Area
Current
Situation
Goal Measures
of Success
Actions
Required
Time
Frame
Reward/
Recognition
My PECs I need to
develop my
undefined
characteris-
tics need for
my retail
business.
such as:
_________
__________
__________
__________
______
- To
exercise
my own
PECs
during
selling and
producing
products/
services
-To become
proficient in
my chosen
skill.
Achieve
100%
completion of
development
of my own
PECs through
selling and
production of
products,
proper manner
when dealing
with people.
-Selling
finished
products
derived from
culminating
activities in
any of chosen
career.
-Participate
in skills
competition
sponsored by
the NGO and
GO
-During
culminating
activities
-After
learning
the
principles,
theories,
processes of
any chosen
business /
entreprise
-Earns
expected
income
-Outstanding
performance in
selling and
promoting
products and
services

14
Post-Assessment
Answer the post assessment questions below to determine whether
there is significant increase in your understanding of PECs. The
feedback to this post assessment is appended on page 16. Good
Luck!
A. Matching Type
Directions: Column A lists the characteristics of a successful entrepreneur.
Draw a line from the items in Column A that connects the correct definition of
terms listed in Column B.
Column A Column B
1. Hardworking
2. Self-Confident
3. Profit-Oriented
4. Goal-Oriented
5. Persistent
6. Responds to feedback
7. Willing to listen
8. Committed
9. Reliable and has
integrity
10.Risk-Taker
a. Ability to set realistic targets
b. Interest in money generation
c. To succeed, one must believe in one’s
self
d. Working diligently and industriously
e. Being able to heed the advice of others
f. Obtaining useful comments and advice
from others
g. Being patient as one strives to achieve
the goal
h. Ability to take measures or calculated
threats
i. Being honest, fair, and trustworthy
j. A major characteristic that is a priority in
the entrepreneur’s life

15
B. Multiple Choice.
Directions: Read and study the situation that describes entrepreneurial
characteristics or attributes. Answer the question by writing the
letter of your choice in your assignment notebook or on the
answer sheet provided.
Ms. Gillian Myles opens up her own retail business. She knows that her
personal entrepreneurial characteristics are insufficient to ensure the
successful operationalization of a business that she has in mind. Your
answers to the questions below will help in developing her PECs.
1. What PECs must she possess if there are customers who complain about
the quality of her product?
a. Patience
b. Hardwork
c. Versatility
d. All of the above
2. Which of the following is NOT considered as a characteristic of an
entrepreneur?
a. Copes with failure
b. Dependent
c. Persistent
3. If she wants to ensure a profitable business operation, what characteristic
will she maintain?
a. Commited
b. Goal oriented
c. Futuristic
4. Ms. Gillianfollows the advice of a friend to be flexible especially if she intends
to open a retail business. What PECs has been demonstrated by Mrs.
Magno?
a. Self- Confidence

16
b. Reliable and integrity
c. Open to feedback
d. Oppenes to Persistence
5. She tells Mary, her best friend that she has a strong will and does not give
up finding a solution to a business problem. What PECs has been
demonstrated by Mrs. Magno?
a. Hard work
b. Persistence
c. Self-Confidence
d. Risk-Taking
Feedback
Pre-assessment/ Post- assessment
A. Matching Type
1.d 6. f
2.c 7. e
3.b 8. j
4.a 9. i
5.g 10. h
B. Multiple Choice
1. a
2.b
3.d
4. c
5. b

17
Technology and Livelihood Education
Entrepreneurship
Module 2: Environment and Market
One of your greatest dreams in life is to become a successful
entrepreneur. As a person, you are capable of developing your character and
personality and how to respond to some business challenges and opportunities.
You can make things happen by identifying the opportunities around you. You
may ask yourself these questions: What do people need? What products and
services are available in the market today? Can they be improved? How are
they made or delivered? Can things be done better? cheaper? faster? cleaner?
Can a product which is used for a specific purpose be also used for some other
purposes?
You slowly find answers to these questions as you decide to do the first
step in launching a business enterprise. Be cautious however, that you should
develop a habit of identifying opportunities around you. Only then will you find
the activity both exciting and easy.
EXPLORE your Understanding
Essential Question
- How does one select an entrepreneurial activity?

18
Content Standard
- The learner demonstrates understanding of environment and
market that relates with the career choice.
Performance Standard
- The learner formulates a business idea based on the analysis
of the environment and market
Guide Questions:
1. How does one determine the product to be produced or services to be
offered and delivered to the target market or customers in a particular
community?
2. How does one select an entrepreneurial activity?
3. How can one respond effectively to a business enterprise?
Hello there! Are you ready to assess your readiness to generate
potential business ideas? Let’s try by answering the succeeding
pre-assessment.
Pre-assessment
1. The following are examples of peoples’ basic needs, except:
a. Recreation
b. Clothing
c. Shelter
d. Food
2. Which of the following should be considered first by a prospective
entrepreneur in choosing the right location for his/her store?
a. Types of merchandise
b. The access of the target customers
c. The attractiveness of the store layout
d. The prevailing prices of goods in the area

19
3. Thong plans to put a “digi-print” studio in their locality. Which of the
following will help him determine a successfulplan for setting up of his
business?
a. Survey of consumer associations
b. Checking for similar business to avoid competition
c. Getting feedback on the quality of service
d. Conducting a SWOT analysis
4. Caesar studies the population in his immediate community. He is doing
this to –
a. identify his would-be “suki.”
b. Predict who his biggest buyer.
c. select his favorite would be costumers.
d. determine whom to sell his product or service.
5. When an entrepreneur improves and alters products to make it more
appealing to target consumers, he/she is doing an_____ of the product.
a. alteration
b. invention
c. innovation
d. improvisation
Lesson 1: Needs and Wants of People
Everyone has his or her own needs and wants. However, people have
different concepts of needs and wants. Needs in business are important things
that every individual cannot do without in a society. These include:
1. Basic commodities for consumption
2. Clothing and other personal belongings
3. Shelter, sanitation, and health
4. Education and relaxation
Basic needs are essential to every individual so he/she may be able to
live with dignity and pride in the community of people. These needs can
obviously help you generate business ideas.

20
Wants are desires, luxury, and extravagance that signify wealth and an
expensive way of living. Wants or desires are considered above all the basic
necessities of life. Some examples are the eagerness or the passion of every
individual which are non- basic needs like: fashion accessories, shoes, clothes;
travelling around the world; eating in an exclusive restaurant; watching movies,
concerts, plays; having luxurious cars; wearing expensive jewelry, perfume;
living in impressive homes; and others.
Needs and wants of people are the basic indicators of the kind of
business that you may engage in because it can serve as the measure of your
success. Some other good points that you might consider in business
undertakings are the kind of people, their needs, wants, lifestyle, culture and
tradition, and social orientation that they have.
Lesson 2: Generating Ideas for Business
Here are some ways by which you may generate possible ideas for business.
1. Examine the existing goods and services. Are you satisfied with the
product? What do other people who use the product say about it? How
can it be improved? There are many ways of improving a product from
the way it is made to the way it is packed and sold? You can also
improve the materials used in crafting the product. In addition, you
introduce new ways of using the product, making it more useful and
adaptable to the customers’ many needs. When you are improving the
product or enhancing it, you are making an innovation. You can also
make an invention by introducing an entirely new product to replace the
old one.
Business ideas may also be generated by examining what goods and
services are sold outside by the community. Very often, these products
are sold in a form that can still be enhanced or improved.
2. Examine the present and future needs. Look at and listen to what the
customers, institution, and communities are missing in terms of goods
and services. Sometimes, these needs are already obvious and felt at
the moment. Other needs are not that obvious because they can only
be felt in the future, in the event of certain developments in the

21
community. For example, a town will have its electrification facility in the
next six months. Only by that time will the entrepreneur think of
electrically- powered or generated business such as a photocopier,
computer service, digital printing, etc.
3. Examine how the needs are being satisfied. Needs for the products
and services are referred to as market demand. To satisfy these needs
is to supply the products and services that meet the demands of the
market. The term market refers to whoever will use or buy the products
or service, and these may be people or institutions such as other
businesses, establishments, organizations, or government agencies.
There is a very good business opportunity when there is absolutely no
supply to a pressing market demand.
Businesses or industries in the locality also have needs for goods and
services. Their needs for raw materials, maintenance, and other
services such as selling and distribution are good sources of ideas for
business.
4. Examine the available resources around you. Observe what
materials or skills are available in abundance in your area. A business
can be started out of available raw materials by selling them in raw form
and by processing and manufacturing them into finished products. For
example, in a copra-producing town, there will be many coconut husks
and shells available as “waste” products. These can be collected and
made into coco rags/doormat and charcoal bricks and sold profitably
outside the community.
A group of people in your neighborhood may have some special skills
that can be harnessed for business. For example, women in the
Mountain Province possess loom weaving skills that have been passed
on from one generation to the next generation. Some communities there
set up weaving businesses to produce blankets, as well as decorative
items and various souvenir items for sale to tourists and lowland
communities.
Business ideas can come from your own skills. The work and
experience you may have in agricultural arts, industrial arts, home
economics, and ICT classes will provide you with business opportunities

22
to acquire the needed skills which will earn for you extra income, should
you decide to engage in income-generating activities. With your skills,
you may also tinker around with various things in your spare time. Many
products were invented this way.
5. Read magazines, news articles, and other publications on new
products and techniques or advances in technology. You can pick
up new business ideas from Newsweek, Reader’s Digest, Business
Magazines, Go Negosyo, KAB materials, Small- industry Journal. The
Internet serves as a library where you may browse and surf on possible
businesses. It will also guide you on how to put the right product in the
right place, at the right price, at the right time.
Listing of possible businesses to set up in an area may also be available
from banks or local non-government organizations.
Lesson 3: Selecting the Right Idea
Once you have embarked on identifying the business
opportunities, you will eventually see that there are many possibilities
that are available for you. It is very unlikely that you will have enough
resources to pursue all of them at once. Which one will you choose?
You have to select the most promising one from amonga hundred
and one ideas. It will be good to do this in stages. In the first stage, you
screen your ideas to narrow them down to about five choices. In the
next stage, trim down the five choices to two options. In the final stage,
choose between the two and decide which business idea worth
pursuing.
In screening your ideas, examine each one in terms of the
following factors:
1. How much capital is needed to put up the business?
2. How big is the demand for the product? Do many people need this
product and will continue to need it for a long time?
3. How is the demand met? Who are processing the products to meet
the need (competition or demand)? How much of the need is now
being met (supply)?
4. Do you have the background and experience needed to run this
particular business?

23
5. Will the business be legal, not going against any existing or foreseeable
government regulation?
6. Is the business in line with your interest and expertise?
Your answers to these questions will be helpful in screening which ones
from among your many ideas are worth examining further and worth pursuing.
Lesson 4: Environmental Scanning
There is a need to conduct environmental scanning to identify the needs
and wants of people, the niche for your business mission, and to give attention
to trends and issues. This may also serve as an evaluation of the type of the
entrepreneurial activity appropriate in the community.
Environmental scanning is defined as a process of gathering, analyzing,
and dispensing information for tactical or strategic purposes. The
environmental scanning process entails obtaining both factual and subjective
information on the business environments in which a company is operating.
External Environment in the community can be viewed according to its
technological, political, legal, environmental, economic, and social aspects. For
example, in the past, people in the community used personal computers but the
transmission of development in terms of technology was interrupted because
people were not satisfied with what they had. They still look for the changes in
their life and corresponding changes in their environment.
As a future entrepreneur, you must be well-versed in this kind of
advancement and progression of your environment, particularly in technology,
so as to secure the success of your future business. Always think of something
new, something novel, authentic; reinvent the existing ones; and create your
new version of goods/products, and services. For instance, your own hair
straightening is herbal, while in the other salons it is made of synthetic
chemicals.

24
This kind of changes being made will affect the existing principles in
business and industries that can be easily adapted to the changes in producing
the products/services to meet the needs and wants of people in the community.
In generating business idea, you should first identify what type of
business is suited to your business idea. You should analyze and scan the
potential environment, study the marketing practices and strategies of your
competitors, analyze the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and the
Threats in your environment to ensure that the products/goods and services
you are planning to offer will be patronized within the easy reach by your target
markets/consumers.
Bear in mind these simple rules for successful SWOT analysis.
1. Be realistic about the strengths and weaknesses of your business when
conducting SWOT analysis.
2. SWOT analysis should distinguish between where your business is
today, and where it could be in how far in the future.
3. SWOT should always be specific. Avoid grey areas.
4. Always apply SWOT in relation to your competition, i.e., better than or
worse than your competition.
5. Keep your SWOT short and simple. Avoid complexity and over analysis
6. SWOT is subjective.
People keep on searching for new things, new trends, and new issues.
For these reasons, an entrepreneur hurriedly responds to these needs and
wants of people.
As generations come and go, another set of new trends will come or will
exist. In order to adapt to the rapid changes in the business environment, the
existing industries need to improve their products and services. But how can
you generate business ideas with those strong competitors? There are three

25
main sets of decisions that you need to make-what to produce, how to produce,
and how to share or sell out the product to the market.
Activity 1Mini-survey
Directions: Conduct a mini-survey in your immediate community.
Gather pertinent data on population across age brackets as suggested in
the matrix below. Opposite each age group, indicate their probable
needs and wants.
Activity 2 Screening business ideas
Directions: After filling out the chart above, try to list down all the
probable business opportunities which you may wish to venture in.
Remember to consider the ideas and suggestions discussed in Lesson
3. Use the suggested matrix below to indicate your choice. Write your
answers in your notebook.
Age Bracket Population Needs Wants
Example:
5 and below
35 Toys, coloring
books, pajamas
Wooden toys, glossy
coloring books, etc.
fashionable pajamas
6- 10 years old
11-15 years old
16-20 years old
21-25 years old
26-35 years old
35-45 years old
46-55 years old
56-65 years old
66 and above

26
Example: Selling wooden toys
Positive Factors Negative Factors
Strengths Opportunities Weaknesses Threats
Activity 3: Survey Questionnaire to Determine Potential Costumers
Direction: As a group, create/craft a survey questionnaire to determine a
potential customer. This survey form should include the profile of the
potential customers, their needs, wants, lifestyles, culture and tradition
and etc. Questions should be focused on: customers view about the
product and determining their level of satisfaction on the services being
offered.
Administer the survey questionnaire to generate data on your
potential customers.
Below is a sample Survey Questionnaire where you can refer
from. Feel free to revise, add and/or alter items/questions being asked to
make it fit to the target customers.
Sample Survey Questionnaire
I – Personal Profile
a. Name (optional):
b. Age:
c. Sex:
d. Address:
e. Monthly Income:
II – Product /Services Satisfaction:
1. How do I want the contact center services rendered?
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________

27
2. How much would you prefer to pay for services?
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
3. What kind of innovation would you like to be integrated in these
services?
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
4. What else do you want to be included in these types of services?
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
You have experienced creating/crafting a survey questionnaire to
identify potential customers. This time, you are going to create/craft
a survey questionnaire to determine your potential competitor.
Activity 4: Survey Questionnaire to Determine Potential Competitors
Direction: As part of a group in your class, create/craft a survey questionnaire
to determine a potential competitor. This survey questionnaire should include
the profile of the potential competitor, the products and services being offered,
their manner of delivery, and the innovations that are integrated in selling these
products or services.
Administer the survey questionnaire to generate data on your potential
competitor.
Below is a sample Survey Questionnaire where you can refer from. Feel
free to revise, add and/or alter items/questions being asked to make it fit to the
target competitor.
Sample Survey Questionnaire to Determine the Potential Competitor
I – Personal and Business Profile
a. Name (optional):
b. Age:

28
c. Sex:
d. Monthly Income:
e. Name of Business Establishment:
f. Number of years in business:
g. Number of Employees/workers:
h. Business Address:
II – Sample Guide Questions to Identify Potential Competitors:
Direction: Utilize the succeeding guide questions during a focused group
discussion to identify potential competitor.
1. What are the business establishments in your community which is
related to your proposed business?
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
2. Who are their common clients, and how do they serve them?
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
3. What are innovations/best practices employed by your potential
competitor?
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
4. What are the raw materials and other resources being utilized by your
potential competitors?
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
5. How do your potential competitors procure their resources? Manner of
payment?
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________

29
Now that, you have all the information, are you ready to test your ability
to generate your own business idea? If your answer is yes, start studying the
sample vicinity map of a community with a population of two thousand people.
A new housing project will be constructed adjacent to DaangHari St.close to
Old Molino St., its main road. This housing project targets the homeowners
who are young couples with two kids.
In this activity, you need to answer the questions that may lead to the
generation of a probable business. Your answers to these questions will serve
as the bases in formulating your own business ideas.
1. Who do you think are your target consumers/markets?
2. Where is the most ideal location to situate your business?
3. Which products or services would appeal to your target
consumers/markets?
4. Can you say that you have seized the most feasible business
opportunity?

30
Post-assessment
1. The following are examples of peoples’ basic needs, except:
a. Recreation
b. Clothing
c. Shelter
d. Food
2. Which of the following should be considered first by a prospective
entrepreneur in choosing the right location for his/her store?
a. Types of merchandise
b. The access of the target customers
c. The attractiveness of the store layout
d. The prevailing prices of goods in the area
3. Salie plans to put a “digi-print” studio in their locality. Which of the
following will help her determine her plan for success in setting up her
business?
a. Survey of consumer associations
b. Checking for similar business to avoid competition
c. Getting feedback on the quality of service
d. Conducting a SWOT analysis
4. Julius Lorenzo Louise studies the population in his immediate
community. He is doing this to –
a. identify his would-be “suki.”
b. predicting his biggest buyer would be.
c. select his favorite costumers.
d. determine whom to sell his product or service.
5. When an entrepreneur improves and alters products to make it more
appealing to target consumers, he/she is doing an _____ of the product.
a. alteration
b. invention
c. innovation
d. improvisation

31
Feedback
Pre-assessment and Post assessment
1. a
2. b
3. d
4. c
5. b

32
richardrrr.blogspot.com
MODULE 3:
INSTALL COMPUTER SYSTEMS AND
NETWORKS
Content Standard Performance Standard
The learner demonstrates
understanding of basic concepts,
underlying theories and core
competencies in computer
systems and networks.
The learner independently provides
quality and marketable service in
computer hardware servicing in terms
of computer systems and networks
installation and diagnose and trouble
shoot computer systems as
prescribed in the TESDA Training
Regulation.
Number of Sessions (Time Allotment): 60 Hours (2 Quarters)

33
Welcome to the next level of your modular training in Computer
Hardware Servicing (CHS) under the Information and Communications
Technology (ICT) Course. In this module you will have a great deal of
understanding of Installing Computer Systems and Networks. At the end of
this module you will be able to apply the knowledge and skills on installing
computer hardware, operating system, software components and networks.
Those skills are essential for you to pass the National Certification II in
Computer Hardware Servicing.
In this module, topics will be introduced progressively lesson by lesson
for easy understanding. After carefully answering the diagnostic assessment,
reading all the lessons, answering all the guide questions, masterfully
performing all the activities, showing evidences of learning and finally
answering the summative test, then you will have a considerable knowledge
and skills in installing computer systems and networks essential to be
successful in computer hardware servicing as one of the career option in ICT.
Reminder! Just follow the instructions given in this module. Now let us
start exploring new things in this module.
In this module, there will be three (3) major topics that you will
encounter: (1) plan and prepare for installation; (2) install hardware and
software components and operating systems; and (3) conduct test on the
installed computer system. The three major topics contain sub-topics that
discuss the details on installing computer systems and networks. This
module contains what to KNOW, what to PROCESS, what to REFLECT and
UNDERSTAND as well as what to TRANSFER. The competencies for this
module are:
LO 1. Plan and prepare for installation
 Observe Occupational Health and Safety policies and procedures in
planning for installation activity in accordance with requirements
 Familiarize with computer hardware, software component and other
peripherals in accordance with established procedures on correct
operation and safety policies

34
 Consult appropriate/ technical personnel to ensure that work is
coordinated with others who are involved in the activity
 Obtain materials necessary to complete the work in accordance with
established procedures
 Check the materials received against job requirements
LO 2. Install equipment/devices (hardware, software components and
peripherals) and operating systems
 Follow OHS procedures in installing devices, systems, networking
devices, and peripherals
 Comply with the requirements in installing devices,/systems, networking
devices, and peripherals
 Install computer systems, networking devices and peripherals in
accordance with job requirements
 Perform installation of devices and variety of operating systems in
accordance with customer/client’s requirements
 Obtain approval from appropriate personnel before implementing
contingency procedures
 Respond to unplanned events or conditions in accordance to established
procedures
 Check the quality of the work undertaken in accordance with the
LO 3. Conduct test on the installed computer system
 Follow OHS policies and procedures in conducting tests
 Check circuits and systems being isolated using specified testing
procedures
 Test devices, systems and/or installation to determine its conformity with
the requirements
 Undertake final inspections on the installed devices, systems to ensure
conformity with the requirements
 Accomplish technical reports on the tests conducted
 Follow procedures in forwarding documentation to appropriate personnel
and/or authority on the test conducted
In order to master the above listed competencies, you must be
knowledgeable of the topics under what to KNOW, perform activities required
under what to PROCESS, accomplish additional meaningful tasks under what
to REFLECT and UNDERSTAND and finally show some evidences of your

35
learning by transferring what you have learned in a different context under
what to TRANSFER.
You will be challenged to dig deeper into your prior knowledge and
previous experiences about computer hardware servicing.
SKILLS TEST
Direction: Listed below are some of the most important skills that you
must gain in order to render quality service when you enter the real world of
Computer Hardware Servicing. Read the skills carefully. Write “YES” if you
are familiar with the skill and “NO” if not. Feel free to answer each skill. Write
your answers in your notebook.
Skills in Computer Hardware Servicing YES NO
I can open a computer case.
I can connect the mouse.
I can connect the keyboard.
I can connect the monitor.
I can apply occupational health and safety precautions while
working.
I can remove the system fan.
I can detach the power supply from the system unit.
I know how to remove the RAM from the motherboard.
I can remove the hard drive from the system unit.
I can install the power supply.
I know how to install the motherboard.
I can install the internal drives in a system unit.
I know how to attach RAM in the memory socket.
I can install CD / DVD drives.
I know how to install an operating system
I know how to configure a hardware components and its related
software
I know the procedures in testing the installed computer
components

36
The following topics will enable you to be familiar with planning and
preparing for installation, install equipment and devices, and conduct test on
the installed computer system. All you need to do is to read carefully all the
topics and apply the skills you’ve gained through the distinct activities
provided in this module.
LESSON 1: PLAN AND PREPARE FOR INSTALLATION
This lesson is intended to develop your skills in planning and preparing
for installation of computer devices and operating system. At the end of this
lesson you are expected to:
 Observe OHS policies and procedures in planning for installation activity
in accordance with requirements
 Familiarize with computer peripheral/ devices/systems in accordance
with established procedures correct operation and safety
 Consult appropriate/ technical personnel to ensure that work is
coordinated with others who are involved in the activity
 Obtain materials necessary to complete the work in accordance with
 Check the materials received against job requirements
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY POLICIES AND PROCEDURES
Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) Policy –An Information and
communication technology (ICT) student should know how to behave when
working in the computer laboratory, as well as implement a safe way of
accomplishing every task. Safety practices should be learned early and
always adheres in working with any electrical and electronic device, including
personal computers and its peripherals. This is for your protection as well as
to the people working with you, and for the devices that you are using. The
basis for this process begins with Occupational Health and Safety Policies.

37
Occupational safety and health (OSH) is a planned system of working to
prevent illness and injury where you work by recognizing and identifying
hazards and risks. Health and safety procedure is the responsibility of all
persons in the computer and technology industries. You must identify the
hazards where you are working and decide how dangerous they are.
Eliminate the hazard or modify the risk that it presents.
Occupational Health and Safety standards
Each student has a responsibility to their colleagues and their
organization to report and act upon any potential workplace hazard. Students
need to be aware of the type of hazards that are possibly present in their work
environment.
Procedure
1. Identify the hazard
2. Clear the area close to the hazard
3. Partition the hazard off or clearly identify the area to protect other
people from harm
4. If the hazard is easily and safely cleared, then do so
If not…
5. Report the hazard to the appropriate person (such as teacher in
charge, principal etc.) to obtain assistance
6. Following clearing of the hazard fill out the correct documentation to
assist in identifying improved practice to reduce further incidence of
hazards.
All hazards must be reported using Accidental Report form. This
enables us to track the kinds of hazards we have in our workplace, and take
action where necessary to make it safer for all student and clients.
Accident reports
Forms are used to give specific details with regards to the accidents
happened in the laboratory during experiments.
Accident reports contain the following details:
 Name of the person injured
 Date and time of the accident

38
 Type of injury
 First aid given
 Action taken to prevent further accidents
Hazardous substances
If the workplace hazard appears to be dangerous to staff and clients
and professional assistance is required:
A. Call the supervisor or manager and advise them of the problem and
the urgency of the matter.
B. Depending on the risk it may be called as an evacuation.
C. Follow the evacuation procedure.
D. The supervisor or manager will call in the fire brigade or specialized
personnel who will deal with the spill.
Accident report sample form
Form No: Accident Report Form
Date:
Rm. No:
Name: Yr/Sec:
Type of Injury Cause of Injury Remedy

39
Fire exits
All fire exits should be kept clear of from obstacles. All students have a
responsibility to make sure that chairs, empty boxes or any other type of
obstacle are not placed in or near fire exit doorways.
All corridors also need to have equipment stored on one side only to
ensure that in the event of an emergency there is a clear exit.
Fire Safety Procedure
Each work area has a designated fire warden, who in the event of a fire will
take charge. They are recognized by the wearing of a red hard hat.
If you find the fire
 Assess the danger prior to doing anything.
 If it is safe to move assist anyone in the vicinity of the fire away from
danger.
 If it is possible close the door to the fire area.
 Call for assistance. Verbally call FIRE, FIRE, in a loud and clear voice.
 Break the glass section of the fire alert call point.
 Call to the switch; ensure you know where the fire is, any other details
that may be of assistance to the fire brigade. Details could be size of
the fire, cause or type of fire, any people hurt or trapped, has anyone
tried to put it out.
 If safe to do so, attack the fire with the correct extinguisher or fire hose.
If the designated fire officer is not present, someone quickly needs
to take responsibility and:
1. Locate the source of the fire.
2. Locate any people.
3. Remove all people from the building.
4. Once outside do a head count?
5. Notify the authorities.
Personal Safety While Working with PC’s
Computer equipment can be dangerous, and you or others can be
injured or even killed if you don’t follow proper safety guidelines when
working along with PC’s. The following are some precautionary measures to
take before working with any computer equipment:

40
 Wear shoes with non-conductive rubber soles to help reduce the
chance of being shocked or seriously injured in an electrical accident.
 Do not work on components that are plugged into their power source.
 Do not remove expansion cards from a computer when it is turned on.
 Remove jewelries when working inside any computer related
equipment.
 Be sure not to mix electronic components and water.
Applying OH&S Policies
1. Group yourselves into six members.
2. Conduct a simulation on: “Applying OHS Policies and Procedures”.
3. The performance will be rated according to the following:
Performance Criteria:
5 - Have shown five OHS policies in different areas
4 - Have shown four OHS policies in different areas
3 - Have shown three OH&S policies in different areas
2 - Have shown two OH&S policies in different areas
1 - Have not shown any OH&S policies

41
UNDERSTANDING COMPUTER
A computer is one of the most brilliant inventions of mankind. Thanks
to the computer technology, we were able to achieve storage and processing
of huge amounts of data; we could rest our brains by employing computer
memory capacities for storing information. Due to computers, we have been
able to speed up daily work, carry out critical transactions and achieve
accuracy and precision in work. Computers of the earlier years were of the
size of a large room and were required to consume huge amounts of electric
power. However, with the advancing technology, computers have shrunk to
the size of a small watch. Depending on the processing power and size of
computers, they have been classified under various types. Let us look at the
classification of computers.
Different Types of Computers
Based on the operational principle of computers, they are categorized
as analog, digital and hybrid computers.
Analog Computers: These are almost extinct today. These are different from
a digital computer because an analog computer can only perform several
mathematical operations simultaneously. It uses continuous variables for
mathematical operations and utilizes mechanical or electrical energy.
Figure1. Different Types of Computer

42
Digital Computers: They use digital circuits and are designed to operate on
two states, namely bits 0 and 1. They are analogous to states ON and OFF.
Data on these computers is represented as a series of 0s and 1s. Digital
computers are suitable for complex computation and have higher processing
speeds. They are programmable. Digital computers are either general
purpose computers or special purpose ones. Special purpose computers, as
their name suggests, are designed for specific types of data processing while
general purpose computers are meant for general use.
Hybrid Computers: These computers are a combination of both digital and
analog computers. In this type of computers, the digital segments perform
process control by conversion of analog signals to digital ones.
Classification of Computers
The following are the classification of the different types of computers
based on their sizes and functionalities:
Mainframe Computers: Large organizations use mainframes for highly
critical applications such as bulk data processing and ERP (Enterprise
Resource Planning). Most of the mainframe computers have the capacities to
host multiple operating systems and operate as a number of virtual machines
and can substitute for several small servers.
Minicomputers: In terms of size and processing capacity, minicomputers lie
in between mainframes and microcomputers. Minicomputers are also called
mid-range systems or workstations. The term began to be popularly used in
the 1960s to refer to relatively smaller third generation computers.
Servers: They are computers designed to provide services to client machines
in a computer network. They have larger storage capacities and powerful
processors. Running on them are programs that serve client requests and
allocate resources like memory and time to client machines. Usually they are
very large in size, as they have large processors and many hard drives. They
are designed to be fail-safe and resistant to crash.
Supercomputers: The highly calculation-intensive tasks can be effectively
performed by means of supercomputers. Quantum physics, mechanics,
weather forecasting, molecular theory are best studied by means of
supercomputers. Their ability of parallel processing and their well-designed

43
memory hierarchy give the supercomputers, large transaction processing
powers.
Microcomputers: A computer with a microprocessor and its central
processing unit it is known as a microcomputer. They do not occupy space as
much as mainframes do. When supplemented with a keyboard and a mouse,
microcomputers can be called personal computers. A monitor, a keyboard
and other similar input output devices, computer memory in the form of RAM
and a power supply unit come packaged in a microcomputer. These
computers can fit on desks or tables and prove to be the best choice for
single-user tasks.
Figure2. Classification of Computer

44
Personal computers come in different forms such as desktops, laptops
and personal digital assistants (refer to Figure 3). Let us look at each of these
types of computers.
Desktops: A desktop is intended to be used on a single location. The spare
parts of a desktop computer are readily available at relatively lower costs.
Power consumption is not as critical as that in laptops. Desktops are widely
popular for daily use in the workplace and households.
Laptops: Similar in operation to desktops, laptop computers are miniaturized
and optimized for mobile use. Laptops run on a single battery or an external
adapter that charges the computer batteries.
Figure3. Types of Personal Computer
Net books: They fall in the category of laptops, but are inexpensive and
relatively smaller in size. They had a smaller feature set and lesser capacities
in comparison to regular laptops, at the time they came into the market.

45
Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs): It is a handheld computer and popularly
known as a palmtop. It has a touch screen and a memory card for storage of
data. PDAs can also be used as portable audio players, web browsers and
smart phones. Most of them can access the Internet by means of Bluetooth or
Wi-Fi communication.
Tablet Computers: Tablets are mobile computers that are very handy to use.
They use the touch screen technology. Tablets come with an onscreen
keyboard or use a stylus or a digital pen. Apple's iPod redefined the class of
tablet computers.
Wearable Computers: A record-setting step in the evolution of computers
was the creation of wearable computers. These computers can be worn on
the body and are often used in the study of behavior modeling and human
health. Military and health professionals have incorporated wearable
computers into their daily routine, as a part of such studies. When the users'
hands and sensory organs are engaged in other activities, wearable
computers are of great help in tracking human actions. Wearable computers
do not have to be turned on and off and remain in operation without user
intervention.
Direction: Identify the type of computer being described in the following
sentences and write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. These are mobile computers that are very handy to use.
2. They are computers designed to provide services to client machines in a
computer network.
3. They are also called mid-range systems or workstations.
4. A computer with a microprocessor and its central processing unit.
5. They fall in the category of laptops, but are inexpensive and relatively
smaller in size.
6. A type of computer which is intended be used on a single location.
7. They use digital circuits and are designed to operate on two states,
namely bits 0 and 1.
8. Computers that have the capacities to host multiple operating systems
and operate as a number of virtual machines and can substitute for
several small servers.

46
9. It is a handheld computer and popularly known as a palmtop.
10.These computers can be worn on the body and are often used in the
study of behavior modeling and human health.
COMPUTER SYSTEM, DEVICES AND PERIPHERALS
As an aspiring computer technician, it is very important to know the
system that runs your computer and different devices attached to it. Each
device plays an important role, without each other computer system will not
work properly.
What is an Operating System?
The operating system is the most
important program that runs on a computer.
Every general-purpose computer must have
an operating system to run other programs.
Operating systems perform basic tasks, such
as recognizing input from the keyboard,
sending output to the display screen,
keeping track of files and directories on
the disk, and controlling peripheral
devices such as disk drives and printers.
For large systems, the operating
system has even greater responsibilities and powers. It is like a traffic cop -- it
makes sure that different program and users running at the same time do not
interfere with each other. The operating system is also responsible
for security, ensuring that unauthorized users do not access the system.
Operating systems can be classified as follows:
o Multi-user: Allows two or more users to run programs at the same
time. Some operating systems permit hundreds or even thousands
of concurrent users.
Linux
Unix
Windows 2000

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o Multiprocessing : Supports running a program on more than one
CPU.
Linux
Unix
Windows 2000
o Multitasking : Allows more than one program to run concurrently.
Unix
Windows 2000 and Windows multi point
o Multithreading : Allows different parts of a single program to run
concurrently.
Linux
Unix
Windows 2000 and Windows 7
o Real time: Responds to input instantly. General-purpose operating
systems, such as DOS and UNIX, are not real-time.
Operating systems provide a software platform on which
other application programs can run. The application programs must be written
to run on top of a particular operating system. Your choice of operating
system, therefore, determines to a great extent the applications you can run.
For PCs, the most popular operating systems are DOS, OS/2, and Windows,
but others are available, such as Linux.
What are the devices of a computer?
The physical, touchable, electronic and mechanical parts of a
computer are called the hardware which is composed of different devices
attached to the computer.
The following list represents a basic set of devices found in most
Personal Computers.
1. System Unit- The main part of a microcomputer, sometimes called the
chassis. It includes the following parts: Motherboard, Microprocessor,
Memory Chips, Buses, Ports, Expansion Slots and Cards.

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Source: computerit4u.com
Figure4. Tower Type System Unit
2. Motherboard / Mainboard / System Board- The main circuit board of a
computer. It contains all the circuits and components that run the computer.
Source: laptopmd.com
Figure5. Modern Motherboard

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3. CPU (Central Processing Unit) - The processor is the main “brain” or
“heart” of a computer system. It performs all of the instructions and
calculations that are needed and manages the flow of information through a
computer.
Source: products.yumecompare.com
Figure6. Examples of CPU (Intel Core 2 Duo and AMD Athlon)
4. Primary storage- (internal storage, main memory or memory) is the
computer's working storage space that holds data, instructions for processing
and processed data (information) waiting to be sent to secondary storage.
Physically, primary storage is a collection of RAM chips.
Two (2) Types of Memory
a. ROM – (Read Only Memory) ROM is non-volatile, meaning it holds
data even when the power is ON or OFF.
b. RAM – (Random Access Memory) RAM is volatile, meaning it holds
data only when the power is on. When the power is off, RAM's
contents are lost.
Source: www.oempcworld.com
Figure 7.Examples of RAM

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5. Expansion Bus - A bus is a data pathway between several hardware
components inside or outside a computer. It does not only connect the parts
of the CPU to each other, but also links the CPU with other important
hardware.
Source: www.mypcmag.com
Figure 8.Expansion Bus
6. Adapters- Printed-circuit boards (also called interface cards) that enable
the computer to use a peripheral device for which it does not have the
necessary connections or circuit boards. They are often used to permit
upgrading to a new different hardware.
Source: www.oempcworld.com
Figure 9. Adapter (Network Adapter)
6. Power Supply Unit (PSU) - Installed in the back corner of the PC
case, next to the motherboard. It converts 120vac (standard house
power) into DC voltages that are used by other components in the PC.

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Source: www.dansdata.com
Figure10. Power supply
8. Hard Disk Drive (HDD) - Also known as hard drive, is a magnetic storage
device that is installed inside the computer. The hard drive is used as
permanent storage for data. In a Windows computer, the hard drive is usually
configured as the C: drive and contains the operating system and
applications.
Source: news.techgenie.com
Figure 11.Hard Disk
9. Optical Drive- An optical drive is a storage device that uses lasers to read
data on the optical media. There are three types of optical drives: Compact
Disc (CD), Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) and Blu-ray Disc (BD).
Source: www.ktclear.in
Figure12. CD ROM

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10. Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) - Designed to optically access data stored
on a DVD. A laser moves back and forth near the disk surface and accesses
data at a very fast rate.
Source: technology7days.blogspot.com
Figure 13.DVD ROM
What are the input and output devices of a computer?
The devices attached to a personal computer can be classified into
two- the input and output devices. Input Device is composed of a device that
accepts data and instructions from the user or from another computer system.
While, output device is any piece of computer hardware that displays results
after the computer has processed the input data that has been entered.
Two (2) Types of Input Devices
1. Keyboard Entry – Data is inputted to the computer through a keyboard.
Keyboard - The first input device developed for the PC. Data is
transferred to the PC over a short cable with a circular 6-pin Mini-din
connector that plugs into the back of the motherboard.
Figure14. Keyboard

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2. Direct Entry – A form of input that does not require data to be keyed by
someone sitting at a keyboard. Direct-entry devices create machine-
readable data on paper, or magnetic media, or feed it directly into the
computer’s CPU.
Three (3) Categories of Direct Entry Devices
1. Pointing Devices - An input device used to move the pointer (cursor) on
screen.
 Mouse - The most common 'pointing
device' used in PCs. Every mouse
has two buttons and most have one
or two scroll wheels.
Source: www.ztenterprise.com
Figure15. Mouse
 Touch screen- A display screen that is sensitive to the touch of a
finger or stylus. Used in myriad applications, including ATM
machines, retail point-of-sale terminals, car navigation and
industrial controls. The touch screen became wildly popular for
smart phones and tablets.
Source: beestsoftwares.blogspot.com
Figure16. Touch Screen Devices
 Light Pen - A light-sensitive stylus wired to a video terminal used to
draw pictures or select menu options. The user brings the pen to
the desired point on screen and presses the pen button to make
contact.

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Source: majoarciniegas.wordpress.com
Figure17. Light Pen
 Digitizer Tablet - A graphics drawing tablet used for sketching new
images or tracing old ones. Also called a "graphics tablet," the user
contacts the surface of the device with a wired or wireless pen or
puck. Often mistakenly called a mouse, the puck is officially the
"tablet cursor."
Source: www.tutorialspoint.com
Figure18. Digitizer Tablet
2. Scanning Devices- A device that can read text or illustrations printed on
paper and translates the information into a form the computer can use.
Source: www.ztenterprise.com
Figure19. Image scanner
Source: www.barcodeman.com
Figure20. Bar Code Reader

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3. Voice- Input Devices - Audio input devices also known as speech or voice
recognition systems that allow a user to send audio signals to a computer for
processing, recording, or carrying out commands. Audio input devices such
as microphones allow users to speak to the computer in order to record a
voice message or navigate software.
Source: www.digitalwish.com
Figure 21. Microphones
Output Devices
1. Computer Display Monitor- It displays information in visual form, using
text and graphics. The portion of the monitor that displays the information
is called the screen or video display terminal.
Types of Monitor
a. CRT Monitors - Cathode Ray Tubes (CRT) were the only type of displays
for use with desktop PCs. They are relatively big (14" to 16" deep) and
heavy (over 15 lbs).
Figure22. Types of Monitor

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b. LCD Monitors – Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) technology has been
used in laptops for some time. It has recently been made commercially
available as monitors for desktop PCs.
c. LED Monitors (Light Emitting Diode) - A display and lighting
technology used in almost every electrical and electronic product on
the market, from a tiny on/off light to digital readouts, flashlights, traffic
lights and perimeter lighting.
2. LCD Projectors- utilize two sheets of polarizing
material with a liquid crystal solution between
them. An electric current passed through the
liquid causes the crystals to align so that light
cannot pass through them. Each crystal,
therefore, is like a shutter, either allowing light to
pass through or blocking the light.
Source: www.projectorpoint.co.uk
Figure23. LCD Projector
3. Smart Board - A type of display screen that has a touch sensitive
transparent panel covering the screen, which is similar to a touch screen.
Source: www.projectorpoint.co.uk
Figure24. Smart Board
4. Printer - A device that prints text or illustrations on paper.
Types of printer
a) Ink-Jet or Bubble-Jet Printer - spays ink at a sheet of paper. Ink-jet
printers produce high-quality text and graphics.

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b) Laser Printer - Uses the same technology as copy machines. Laser
printers produce very high quality text and graphics.
c) LCD and LED Printer- Similar to a laser printer, but uses liquid crystals or
light-emitting diodes rather than a laser to produce an image on the drum.
d) Line Printer - Contains a chain of characters or pins that print an entire
line at one time. Line printers are very fast, but produce low-quality print.
Source: www.pcworld.co.uk
Figure 25.Types of Printer
(e) Thermal Printer- An inexpensive printer that works by pushing heated
pins against heat-sensitive paper. Thermal printers are widely used in
calculators and fax machines.
5. Speakers - Used to play sound. They may be built into the system unit or
connected with cables. Speakers allow you to listen to music and hear sound
effects from your computer.

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Source: www.tweaknews.net
Figure 26.Speaker
What is a Storage Device?
Aside from the devices attached on a PC, there are also the so called
storage devices that perform a special task in computing system. Storage
device is any apparatus for recording computer data in a permanent or semi-
permanent form.
Source: www.thecomputershow.com
Figure 27.Storage Devices

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Types of storage devices
Floppy diskette- is a random access, removable data storage medium that
can be used with personal computers. The term usually refers to the magnetic
medium housed in a rigid plastic cartridge measuring 3.5 inches square and
about 2millimeters thick. Also called a "3.5-inch diskette," it can store up to
1.44 megabytes (MB) of data.
Compact disc (CD) – also called optical disc is a nonmagnetic, polished
metal disk used to store digital information. The disc is read by the CD- ROM.
Digital Versatile Disc (DVD)- an optical disc technology with a 4.7 gigabyte
storage capacity on a single-sided, one-layered disk, which is enough for a
133-minute movie.
Jump disk and USB flash disk- is a plug-and-play portable storage device
that uses flash memory and is lightweight enough to attach to a key chain. A
USB drive can be used in place of a floppy disk, Zip drive disk, or CD.
Hard disk- is the main, and usually largest, data storage device in a
computer. The operating system, software titles and most other files are
stored in the hard disk drive.
LS-120- is a drive which supports a special floppy diskette which can store up
to 120MB of information as well as being backwards compatible and still
supporting the standard 1.44MB floppy diskettes.
Zip disk-is a small, portable disk drive used primarily for backing up and
archiving personal computer files.

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Direction: In the puzzle below, look for the 10 hidden computer devices and
determine whether it belongs to INPUT, OUTPUT or STORAGE DEVICE.
REVEAL THE PARTS OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM
C G M M Q F Y L W K C P A H K H G C N H
P O R K I R X N A A O A U A K B M P H U
Z A M Z W G W P X W A F V R Q V X U M Y
Q U I P R Y P T E X V I R D B W A O R B
I R T B A R S R U Y L G R D V J B O C U
A O N R D C S G S I L N H I Q S M I L X
C U H L Q U T Z G D C J F S E E J K O U
N H X S P U P D A K O Z X K M T Y U Z S
G H L P F H G P I Z T A F D O U U F T R
A S L W W T R A O S Q F A R E H B G M O
R Y B E A E M J I X K P I I X E C F H T
E S A C M E T S Y S D D E V W T I D V I
K W M I Q K K I S I O R R E I L D F F N
L E I O M E H Y A S K S A I I D G Z K O
M Q U N D H M R W O Q U H O V K T M J M
W P T H E R M K Z W J U B J B E A P Q Z
K Z Z M L H M O U S E C K Y C Y V Y S D
Y B Y V X E W P L Q Q Y O V N H E Z H D
R N F H T U B U G L S N P F J W N K N J
M J G N Y H V J D U G F L U X O M K D A
1. ________________________ ______________________
2. ________________________ ______________________
3. ________________________ ______________________
4. ________________________ ______________________
5. ________________________ ______________________
6. ________________________ ______________________
7. ________________________ ______________________
8. ________________________ ______________________
9. ________________________ ______________________
10.________________________ ______________________

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Matching Type
Direction: Match column A with Column B and write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.
To deepen your understanding with regard to the different
components / devices of a computer, utilize the Internet and the
website www.professormesser.com, view the video regarding parts
of the computer. Use the URLs below:
1. http://www.professormesser.com/free-a-plus-training/220-801/an-
overview-of-motherboard-types/
A.
1. It serves as the brain of
computer.
2. Printed-circuit boards (also
called interface cards) that
enable the computer to use a
peripheral device
3. Also called read/write memory
4. a small, portable disk used
primarily for backing up files
5. The main circuit board of a
computer
6. Also called diskette
7. Acts as a pointing device
8. Device that makes sounds, clips
and any audio materials be
heard.
9. Component that reads and
record data in CDs and DVDs.
10.it is a visual device that displays
the information
B.
a. Adapter
b. CD- ROM
c. CPU
d. Floppy disk
e. Microphone
f. Monitor
g. Motherboard
h. Mouse
i. Optical Drive
j. RAM
k. ROM
l. Speaker
m. Zip Drive

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overview-of-cpu-socket-types/
overview-of-cpu-socket-types/
overview-of-display-device-types/

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overview-of-pc-input-devices/
 After watching the videos, answer the following questions:
1. What are the different types of motherboard shown in the
video?
2. What are the different sizes of a motherboard?
3. What are the different types of CPU?
4. Describe the different types of memory cited in the video.
5. What do you think is the most efficient monitor used in our
computers nowadays?
6. Give at least 5 input devices featured in the video
presentation.
Role Playing
The class will be divided into 5 groups (depending on the class
size), each group will have a minimum of 5 members and maximum of
10. Each member should have a special role pertaining to the devices
of a computer and their functions. Each group will be tasked to
showcase their talents in front of the class. Each presentation will be
rated using the following criteria:

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PERFORMANCE SCORE CARD
CRITERIA PERCENTAGE SCORE
Accuracy (Accurate role and function of a
device was accurately shown)
30%
Presentation (Organization or sequence
of the play, appropriate gestures was
used)
30%
Clarity (Clearly delivered each topic) 30%
Team work (cooperation of each member) 10%
Performance Rating
NETWORK
A network consists of two or more computers that are linked in order to
share resources (such as printers and CD-ROMs), exchange files, or allow
electronic communications. The computers on a network may be linked
through cables, telephone lines, radio waves, satellites, or infrared light
beams.
There are three basic types of networks which includes the following:
 Local Area Network (LAN)
 Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
 Wide Area Network (WAN)
Local Area Network
A Local Area Network (LAN) is a network that is confined to a relatively
small area. It is generally limited to a geographic area such as a writing lab,
school, or building. Rarely are LAN computers more than a mile apart.
In a typical LAN configuration, one computer is designated as the file
server. It stores all of the software that controls the network, as well as the
software that can be shared by the computers attached to the network.

65
Computers connected to the file server are called workstations. The
workstations can be less powerful than the file server, and they may have
additional software on their hard drives. On most LANs, cables are used to
connect the network interface cards in each computer.
Metropolitan Area Network
A metropolitan area network (MAN) is a network that interconnects
users with computer resources in a geographic area or region larger than that
covered by even a large local area network (LAN) but smaller than the area
covered by a wide area network (WAN). The term is applied to the
interconnection of networks in a city into a single larger network (which may
then also offer efficient connection to a wide area network). It is also used to
mean the interconnection of several local area networks by bridging them
with backbone lines. The latter usage is also sometimes referred to as a
campus network.
Wide Area Network
Wide Area Networks (WANs) connect larger geographic areas, such
as Florida, the United States, or the world. Dedicated transoceanic cabling or
satellite uplinks may be used to connect this type of network.
Networking Devices
Consist of, but are not limited to non-local printers, workstations,
servers, webcams, data loggers, instruments, dial-in devices, and, in general
anything that requires an Ethernet connection. These devices are supported
on a best-effort basis limited by the staffing and equipment level available.
Source: www.stepbystep.com
Hub is a small, simple, inexpensive device
that joins multiple computers together. Many
network hubs available today support
the Ethernet standard. Other types
including USB hubs also exist, but Ethernet
is the type traditionally used in home
networking.

66
Ethernet switch is a device that gathers the
signals from devices that are connected to it, and
then regenerates a new copy of each signal.
Source: www.dlink.com
Source: www.quantrimang.edu.vn
Bridge is a device filters data traffic at a
network boundary. Bridges reduce the
amount of traffic on a LAN by dividing it into
two segments.
Routers are small physical devices that join multiple
networks together.
Source: www.robertbcairns.com
Network gateway is an internetworking system
capable of joining together two networks that use
different base protocols. A network gateway can be
implemented completely in software, completely in
hardware, or as a combination of both.

67
Source:
www.computerlogics.blogspot.com
Network interface is a device that
connects a client computer, server, printer
or other component to your network. Most
often, a network interface consists of a
small electronic circuit board that is
inserted into a slot inside a computer or
printer. Alternatively, some computers,
printers, or other services include network
interfaces as part of their main circuit
boards (motherboards).
Source:www.dlink.com
Modem is a contraction of the terms
modulator and demodulator. Modems
perform a simple function: They translate
digital signals from a computer into analog
signals that can travel across conventional
phone lines. The modem modulates the
signal at the sending end and
demodulates at the receiving end.
Source:www.security-solutions.co.za
Network firewall protects a computer
network from unauthorized access.
Network firewalls may be hardware
devices, software programs, or a
combination of the two. Network firewalls
guard an internal computer network
(home, school, business intranet) against
malicious access from the outside.
Network firewalls may also be configured
to limit access to the outside from internal
users.

68
Direction: Identify what is being described in the following sentences and
write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. It protects a computer network from unauthorized access.
2. Type of network that connect larger geographic areas, such as Florida,
the United States, or the world.
3. This is an internetworking system capable of joining together two
networks that use different base protocols.
4. It is consists of two or more computers that are linked in order to share
resources (such as printers and CD-ROMs), exchange files, or allow
electronic communications.
5. They translate digital signals from a computer into analog signals that
can travel across conventional phone lines.
6. It is a device that connects a client computer, server, printer or other
component to your network.
7. A device filters data traffic at a network boundary.
8. It is a device that gathers the signals from devices that are connected
to it, and then regenerates a new copy of each signal.
9. It is a small, simple, inexpensive device that joins multiple computers
together.
10.Type of network that is confined to a relatively small area.
Now, that you are done with the introduction of network as well as the
networking devices, to enlighten your understanding and knowledge have
some more readings about it thru books and other resources. You should
consider the following topics for research:
1. Different types of Network Topology
2. Common networking tools
After the research, you can also deepen your understanding by
watching a video presentation using the URL below:

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o http://www.professormesser.com/free-a-plus-training/220-
801/network-devices/
o http://www.professormesser.com/free-a-plus-training/220-
801/network-topologies-3/
After the video presentation here are your tasks:
1. List down all the network devices and their advantages cited in
the video.
2. List down the different network topologies and their differences.

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MATERIALS, TOOLS, EQUIPMENT and TESTING DEVICES
The following tools and equipment are classified according to their
functions and uses.
 LAN Card – is a network interface card. This is a
computer circuit board or card that is installed in
a computer so that it can be connected to a
network.
 Server – is a part of a network. It is a special
computer that users on the network can access
to carry out a particular job.
Equipment and
Accessories
Tools Materials
LAN Card
UPS
Server
24 port-hub
Modem
Fax machine
PC Video camera
USBExternalCD writer
USB scanner
USB printers
USB Flash Drive
Screwdriver(standard)
Screwdriver(Philips)
Long nose pliers
Mechanical pliers
Allen wrench
Multi tester
Crimping tools
Soldering iron (30 watts)
Wire stripper
LAN Tester
Anti-static wrist wrap
Device drivers/installers
Software
applications
Network OS
Software
RJ 45
UTP Cat 5 cable
Motherboard’s
manual and
installer
Sound device
driver installer

71
 Port hub /Port – is a connector on the back of a
computer or other device. A port is either a serial
port or a parallel port.
 Modem - (Modulator-Demodulator) The
modem is a device that allows a given computer
to share data or otherwise a device which let
computers exchange information
 Scanner- it is an input device that read text
or illustration printed on paper, translates
the information into a form that a computer
can use
 Flat Screw Driver – is used to drive or
fasten negative slotted screws
 USB – Universal Serial Bus, a hardware
interface for low-speed peripherals such as
the keyboard, mouse, joystick, scanner,
printer and telephony devices.
 Printer - is a piece of hardware that
produces a paper copy (also known as
‘hardcopy’) of the information generated by
the computer.
 RAM – Random Access Memory, is a
primary memory. This memory is used
inside the computer to hold programs and
data while it is running.

72
 BIOS – Basic Input/ Output System, chip
that controls the most basic functions of the
computer and performs a self-test every
time you turn it on.
 Flash drive– RAM that can retain data
without electrical power. It is widely used for
BIOS chips and for digital camera and digital
music storage
 Video Camera - camera using videotape: a
camera that records onto videotape
 Long nose Pliers – is used for holding,
bending and stretching the lead of
electronics component or connecting wire.
 Soldering Iron – is used to join two or
more metal conductors with the support of
soldering lead melted around it.
 Desoldering Tool – is used to unsolder
unwanted parts or component in the circuit
with the support of soldering pencil
 Philips Screw Driver- is used to drive or
fasten positive slotted screws

73
 LAN Tester- for RJ11,12,45& BNC w/
Remote Unit This ergonomic tester is
designed to test most network cable wiring.
You can either conduct an auto or manual
test.
 UTP – Unshielded Twisted Pair, is a popular
type of cable used in computer networking
that consists of two shielded wires twisted
around each
Using Testing Tools and Equipment
A. Direction: Identify the following tools and materials, give their uses.
1.
2.
3.
4.

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5.
B. Identification.
Direction: Identify the appropriate term described in each sentence. Use
a separate sheet for your answers.
________1. It is a connector at the black of a computer or other device.
________2. A computer circuit board installed in a computer so that it can be
connected to a network.
________3. A device that allows a given computer to share a data.
________4. An input device that read text or illustration printed on paper,
translated the information into a form that a computer that can use.
________5.The least expensive and most popular network media.
For you to deepen your knowledge and skills and understanding in
planning and preparing for installation, you need to determine the location of
the devices / systems to be used, obtain materials necessary to complete the
work in accordance with established procedures and check the materials
received against job requirements . Your task is to have a research, find as
well and watch video presentations relating and showing the following:
1. Consult appropriate technical personnel to ensure that work is
coordinated with others who are involved in the activity;
2. Proper location / storage of the devices / systems and materials;
3. Correct way of obtaining the necessary materials to complete the work;
4. Fill up job order forms, request form and report sheets; and
5. Appropriate procedures in checking the materials received.
After doing the above tasks, make sure that you have a detailed
documentation of it. Write your reflections on your notebooks or other sheet of
paper.

75
After reflecting on the task given to you, it’s your chance now to
transfer what you have learned from the activity by having a presentation in
front of the class. You will be grouped with 5 members during the
presentation. Make use of your creativity in presenting each topic to awaken
the interest of your classmates.

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LESSON2. INSTALL EQUIPMENT / DEVICES and SYSTEMS
This lesson is designed to give you the proper procedures used in
installing devices and operating system of a personal computer, alongside
with it is the basic computer configuration set up. At the end of this lesson you
should be able to:
a) Apply OHS procedures in installing devices, systems, networking devices,
and peripherals;
b) Comply with the requirements in installing devices,/systems, networking
devices, and peripherals;
c) Install computer systems, networking devices and peripherals in
accordance with job requirements;
d) Perform variations in installing devices and systems in accordance with
customer/client’s requirements;
e) Obtain approval from appropriate personnel before implementing
contingency procedures;
f) Respond to unplanned events or conditions in accordance to established
procedures; and
g) Check the quality of the work undertaken in accordance with the
established procedures.
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
Personal Protective Equipment - It refers to protective clothing, helmets,
goggles, or other gear designed to protect the wearer's body or clothing from
injury by electrical hazards, heat, chemicals, and infection, for job-related
occupational safety and health purposes.
PPE can also be used to protect the working environment from
pesticide application, pollution or infection from the worker (for example in a
microchip factory).

77
It is important that students and teachers during their laboratory period
should be required to use personal protective equipment. Some of these are:
 Goggles A large spectacles, with
shields around the rims, for
protecting the eyes from dust,
excessive light, wind, etc.
 Rubber Sole A special type of shoes
used to prevent electrical shock and
for waterproofing and insulating
purposes.
 Apron A garment worn over the front
of the body as a protection for one’s
cloth.
 Face Mask A covering for the face to
prevent the inhaling or absorbing
dust and other chemicals
 Gloves The covering material with a
separate sheath for each finger used
for hand protection.
Anti-Static and Safety Precautions
The little shock you experience while you are walking across a
carpeted floor or when you touched a door knob, table, counter or even
another person is a result of static electricity. Static electricity is the
discharge of electricity between two objects with different electrical potential.

78
Humans can't feel a static shock until it is several thousand volts strong, but it
takes less than 30 volts to fry a sensitive computer component, such as a
stick of RAM or a processor.
That's why computer technicians and home computer builders have to
guard their computers against the damaging effect of static electricity, as well
as take steps to avoid injury.
Safety and Anti-Static Rules
 Always use an anti-static wrist strap when working on a computer
(except when working on monitors)
 Always disconnect a computer from the AC power and from any
powered peripherals while you are working on it.
 Always grasp a metal part of the computer chassis with your bare hand
before you touch anything inside. Do this even if you are wearing an
anti-static wristband.
 Always handle electronic components by a non-conducting (non-
metallic) edge. Don't touch the pins or other connectors.
 Never plug an ATX power supply into AC power unless it is connected
either to a computer's motherboard or to a dummy test load.
 Always use a UL-approved surge protector or an Uninterruptible Power
Supply that incorporates surge and spike protection.
 Never eat, drink, or smoke while working on a computer.
True or False
Direction: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE otherwise.
1. Always disconnect a computer from the AC power and from any
powered peripherals while you are working on it.
2. Always grasp a metal part of the computer chassis with your bare hand
before you touch anything inside. Do this even if you are wearing an
anti-static wristband.
3. Always handle electronic components by a non-conducting (non-
metallic) edge. Don't touch the pins or other connectors.
4. Always use a UL-approved surge protector or an Uninterruptible Power
Supply that incorporates surge and spike protection.

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