Religious Genocide

Religious Genocide
Religious genocide in Gujarat Religious genocide in Gujarat is also known as the Gujarat pogrom and the Gujarat riots. This was the three days period
of inter–communal violence which was occurred in the western state of India. This is the violence between Hindu and Muslims religion which
happened in between September– October 1969. This communal violence was the first major massacre, arson, rapes and on large scale of looting.
Since the partition of India, it was the most deadly Hindu–Muslim Violence. Following the Initial incident, there were other occurrences of violence,
1985 Bhagalpur violence and conflicts in the main city of Gujarat which is Ahmedabad. There were continuous outbreaks of the communal violence
against the minority... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Because government as well as their neighbour were against them. Both these powers wants to reduce the population of Muslims in state. Over 32
million Muslims lost their property. This approach was totally power based. Mostly political power was used in this massacre. Hindu wanted to
boycott the Muslims. It is kind of war against both the religion which resulted murders, rapes, homelessness and destroyed the property. Conflict
analysis пЃ¶A systematic Targeting women пЃ¶Masculinity and political murders пЃ¶The politics of violence пЃ¶Discrimation What might have
happened? Because of massive destruction country will have to face poverty and hunger. If these violence happened again, it make bad impact on the
relation of India with other Muslim countries. In a result, India faces shortage of many things and economy goes down. Conclusion This is the conflict
between Hindu, Muslims and the government. Because of this massacre, thousands of people lost their lives, thousands were injured and thousands
were missing. Millions of property were destroyed and most of the property were Muslim property. Hindu boys raped Muslims girls. This could not
happened if the government took the strict action against the
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Increasing Crimes
INCREASING CRIMES/SUICIDES AMONG THE YOUTH OF INDIA.
INCREASING CRIME RATES AMONG THE YOUTH IN INDIA.
Introduction:
Open any newspaper or tune into any news channel and you can be pretty sure to stumble upon crimes of all sorts ranging from petty thefts to dacoity,
murder, terrorism, sexual crimes and the like.
The statistics show that the miscreants have been found quite focused and determined at their jobs. In India for instance, as per the National Crime
Records Bureau, incidences of crime since the early days of independence has gone up by more than 5 times, and this ofcourse excludes the large
number of unreported crimes, especially related to smaller thefts, crime against women and the many cases where the police just refuse to ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
* INCOMPLETE EDUCATION SYSTEM.
The modern university educationis focused primarily on providing extensive information and data, the sole purpose of which is toequip students to
earn their livelihood. Thus, higher aspects of education, such as personality development, value inculcation, and self discovery are often ignored. With
the focus purely on materialistic achievements, people are tempted to employ unfair means to achieve the desired object. This mentality, if extended
further, can easily lead one to cheat and subsequently graduate into white collar crimes, such as fraud, forgery and false pretences. The financial impact
of such crimes has been in the range of billions of dollars, according to the Internationsl Symposium of Crime. The recent Satyam Scam is only one
among the many such examples.
* A SUPERFICIAL CULTURE.
A superficial materialistic culture that focuses on what we possess than What we really are is largely responsible for misleading the masses.
Beguiled by an endless array of ads, slogans and culture trends prompting us to switch to a high and luxurious lifestyle that we don't need and can
hardly afford, we are gripped with desire and then with frustration and dismay when we either fail to achieve this, or if they fail to satisfy us. Hence,
we see spiralling statistics of depression as well as an upsurge in use of alcohol and drugs, big time contributors to crime. Because having more
becomes the criteria for success and

Problematize the Exodus-Liberation-Settlement Motif from...
PROBLEMATIZE THE EXODUS–LIBERATION–SETTLEMENT MOTIF FROM THE ADIVASI PERSPECTIVE Prepared: Kyrshanborlang
Mawlong. Introduction: In this paper we are trying to discussion the difficulties that the Israelites faced during staying in Egypt and how God response
to their crying by liberated them from the hand of the Egyptian and also how they enter and settled in Canaan. But, this liberation of the Israelite by
God create an impact on the indigenous people of the Canaan, we could see there are many problems or difficulties of Canaanite in mix up with
Israelites either in culture, religious and social as a whole. We will also see the situation of Adivasi in India how they are suppressed by the oppressors
or non– Adivasis/high caste. The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Assured of success, Joshua renewed his plans to conquer Ai. The enemy forces were lured into the open so that the thirty thousand men who had
stationed beyond the city by night were able to attack Ai from the near and set it afire. The defenders were annihilated, their king was hanged and the
site was reduced to rubble. When Israel makes its second attack, the people of Ai as well as the inhabitants of Bethel vacate their cities to pursue the
enemy (Josh. 8: 17). Not all of the Canaanites tried to resist Israel's invasion. One group, the Gibeonites, avoided destruction by deceiving the Israelites
into making a covenant of peace with them (Joshua 9:1). Alarmed by the defection of the Gibeonites to Israel, a group of southern Canaanite kings, led
by Adoni–zedek of Jerusalem, formed a coalition against the invading force. The kings threatened to attack the Gibeonites, causing Joshua to come to
the defense of his new allies. Because of supernatural intervention, the Israelites were able to defeat the coalition. Joshua then launched a southern
campaign which resulted in the capture of numerous Canaanite cities (Joshua 10:1). Joshua's third and last military campaign was in northern Canaan.
In that region King Jabin of Hazor formed a coalition of neighbouring kings to battle with the Israelites. Joshua made a surprise attack upon them at the
waters of Merom, utterly defeating his foe (Joshua 11:1–15). The invasion of Canaan met with phenomenal success; large

Rural Afro-Colombia
Introduction technology as a life enhancing tool is on the rise in development projects, and as people become more dependent on technology, exploring
how culture and technology intersect is increasingly important for the wellbeing of target communities. Colombia is a significant point of departure in
this exploration as this country has experienced an influx of development programs implementing information and communication technologies
(ICTs)–laptops, mobile tablets and mobile phones–as tools to enhance the livelihoods of people living in rural communities. Of the 5 million people
who identify as Afro–Colombian (10% of the population of Colombia), 1.2 million live in rural areas. The highest concentrations of Afro–Colombians
live on or near the Pacific and Caribbean Coasts, and two thirds of people living in rural communities live below the poverty line. Several development
projects being planned and implemented (Plan Vive Digital: Ministry of Technology; Land and Rural Development Project–Colombia: USAID;
Afro–Colombian and Indigenous Program: USAID; etc.) to enhance measures of wellbeing that many rural Afro–Colombian communities lack, such as
economic sustainability, education, health, and security. The main challenges to development projects in rural... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
I explore recent and relevant literary data from Colombia and around the world to demonstrate the importance of understanding and accounting for the
socio–cultural and socio–political dynamics of rural communities during ICT based development projects. This review aims to specifically address
socio–cultural and socio–political dynamics as primary determinants in enhancing livelihoods and the sustainability of ICT development projects in
rural Afro–Colombian communities. Moreover, this review establishes best practices for ICT based development projects in rural

Obscenity And Contemporary Media
Obscenity& Contemporary media
Obscenity:
There is nothing influential than media in this contemporary era. In this media subjugated epoch Obscenity also have Become a prime aspect of
media. Obscenity is an act or utterance of Hurting moral values of an individual or morality appealing to a society. Undoubtedly media is the platform
to exhibit one's views and opinions. Formerly it was a journalist who represented public
Known as the "voice of the public" but today the things have changed every individual has started setting their own propaganda to voice their opinions.
Consequently it has
Resulted in obscenity usually verbal obscenity. Some of the cases of obscenity I would like to quote are as follows
Cases of Obscenity:
Aamir Khan's statement on intolerance – This was one of the
Most controversial statements where the actor said in an
Interview that he is feeling insecure in his own country
And he was alarmed by the number of incidences and his wife
Kiran rao suggested that they should move out of the country.
He was welcomed with criticisms from the social media
Even his counterparts took dig on him claiming that his
Statement is baseless and groundless. His sensational
Statements lead to social media outcry.
Kamal Hassan's derogatory statement on Mahabharata–
Kamal Hassan who is considered as the favorite child of
Controversy due to his outspoken nature made a remark On Mahabharata claiming that India is a country which
Honors the book like

Investigative Journalism
Investigative Journalism
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Rajashri Venkatesh
Ameet Kaur
Abhishek Baldota
Avinash Kaur Bedi
Kawaljeet Singh Chandhok
Divya Chitroda
Shilpa Das
Aakash Prabhakar
Kashish Kapoor
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An investigative report is a document that is meant to provide information on a certain topic that is not easily obtained. It is meant to present the
reader with a wealth of easily understood information and usually contains an interview or two on the subject. In order to write a successful
investigative report, one must conduct a substantial amount of research and provide the reader with a wealth of information so that he or she can make

an informed choice.
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Investigative journalism is a form
of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
But if your investigation takes you into an unfamiliar area, you must be able to familiarise yourself with at least the background, conventions,
terminology, role–players and issues of that area quickly.
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Determination and patience– Investigative reporting will bring you up against all kinds of obstacles, from sources who disappear and records that
donВ¶t exist, to editors who want to can the story because it is taking too long or costing too much. Only your own motivation and belief that it is a
worthwhile story will carry you through what is often a slow process of discovery.
Courage– It isnВ¶t only subjects and sources that are at risk. Reporters may be threatened with legal action or violence, jailed, or even assassinated
for their investigations. In the face of these risks, you may succumb to pressure and censor yourself. You need to believe in what youВ¶re doing, have
the courage to carry on `
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Bofurs Gun Scandal
The Fodder Scam
The Jain Diary Case(1996)
Satyendra Dubey Murder Case
Operation Westend
2002 Gujarat Riots
Jessica Lall Case
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Cement Quota scam(1981)
Reliance scam (1987– Indian Express)
Shakti Kapoor casting couch
Money for Vote sting operation
Adarsh Housing Society scandal
Stamp paper scam
Harshad Mehta scandal
1980В¶s
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Nagarwala scandal (Rs
60 lakh)
Cement Scam involving A
R Antulay(Rs 30 crore)
Bofors Scandal
St Kitts forgery[

Female Foeticide
FEMALE FOETICIDE INTRODUCTION: Contemporary Indian society professes a profound faith in every individual's "right to life and
dignity". The rights relating to the weaker & vulnerable sections of Indian society especially women, and more specially the girl child were
violated. The twin social evils of female foeticide & female infanticide were the main causes.Violence against women exists in various forms, in all
societies, the world over. In 1996 the world health assembly endorsed the fact that violence against women is a Public Health problem and female
foeticide is one extreme manifestation of violence against women. India is a country of 102.7 crore population, out of which 53.1 crores is of males
and 49.6 crores is of females,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
3)Violence against Women: The increasing imbalance between men and women is leading to many crimes such as illegal trafficking of women,
sexual assaults, polygamy and dehumanization of society. In fact, shortage of women in Haryana, Punjab, Gujarat states have escalated forced
abduction and kidnap of girls, sex slavery, cruel flesh market, bride bazaars, forced polyandry (Panchali system, Modern Draupadis), swap marriages,
sale of wives, gang rape and child–prostitution. Preventive Measures: пѓ Strict law enforcement against Dowry: Dowry should be banned and strict
punishment should be given to the person giving and taking dowry. пѓ Government Initiatives: PCPNDT Cell by the Central Government пѓ Sting
operations and raids пѓ Media publicity пѓ Registration of scan centers & action against unregistered prenatal diagnostic centers пѓ Constitution of
State and District level Appropriate Authorities пѓ ADVERTISEMENT Of SD test is banned:Any institution or agency whose advertisement or
displayed promotional poster or television serial is suggestive of any inviting gestures involving/supporting sex determination are viable to punishment.
Eg.MASUM, Pune made a complain to the Maharashtra State Women's Commission against Balaji Telefilms because its top rated television serial's
episode telecast during February 2002 showed a young couple checking the sex of their unborn baby. Strict action was

The Persian Empire: Book Review
The Persian Empire started in 559 BC and it fell in 330 BC. The authors argument for including this empire into this book is that it was the first
world–dominant power in history. The empire was so successful because its rulers were very tolerant towards its subjects. The "glue" that kept the
civilization together for so long was the tolerance, subjects under Persian rule were given the same things they had before, nothing was taken away
from them. The Empire eventually fell because the ruler Xerxes became intolerant and cruel, favoring the Persian customs and gods while enslaving
subjects. This caused the subjects under the empire to rebel and throw over the empire. At the height of the empire however, the Egyptians,
Babylonians, and many... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The argument from the author for putting the empire into the book is that the empire, at its peak, ruled over more than 100 million subjects. The
Mughal Empire was so successful because its army had firearms. The "glue" that kept the empire together was its religious and ethnic tolerance, and
people say it would have been unlikely that the Mughal Empire could have lasted as long as it did, or reached its true peak without its turn for
tolerance. The Mughal Empire began to decline because there were a lot of wars and it was bankrupt because of them. At the peak of the empire,
Hindus, Muslims, Sikhs, Jains, and Christians were all represented. I think this empire would be able to exist today because it had religious and ethnic

Essay On Dhruva Mistry
FOLIO: ART INSIGHT: DHRUVA MISTRY Heading: Dhruva Mistry: A Profile in Courage Text: Sumati Gangopadhya Photo: Dhruva Mistry Intro:
Vadodara–based artist Dhruva Mistry is a figure of creativity and resilience. His modest journey from a small village in Gujarat to creating an
international footprint through his gifted workmanship is as vivid as his virtuosity. With contemporary pieces entrenched in Indian art, culture and
history and innovation in exploring medium and material, he has shown astuteness in both his creative life and in rising above personal tragedy. Body
Text: The artist Dhruva Mistry's beginnings were quite humble, from the lush green, progressive region of Charotar, central Gujarat as the youngest of
four children of Pramodray... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
After an international coup de maГ®tre, he returned to Baroda in 1997 and joined the Faculty of Fine Arts as its Dean continuing until 2002. He
then worked on creating digital prints, using a home computer during the turmoil in Gujarat in 2002. He created works titled "Expulsion of pain"
after Pablo Picasso's Guernica, reflecting pain, violence and death. He also made unique inkjet prints on paper and canvas from 2002 until 2007,
participated in several solo and group exhibitions in several prestigious art galleries in both India and abroad. It is a heartening fact that despite
suffering a severe paralytic stroke in 2008, he went on to produce many projects after his partial recovery and was selected as the 'Artist in Focus' for
the Harmony Show, sponsored by Harmony Foundation, Mumbai. Today, Dhruva Mistry's works are in collections, in twenty
–three countries, all over
the world. The magnificently vast and versatile range of this creative genius affirms Constantine Brancusi 's assertion that an artist should ''Create like
God, command like a king and work like a

Leadership Styles Of Mohandas Gandhi
For ages world leaders have practiced different styles of leadership and they have been successful in accomplishing many things from regional peace
to world wars. Whether be political, tyrannical, or religious, world leaders from generations past to current all–share similarities and differences in their
leadership styles. World leaders have built respect and trust from developed personalities or communication styles to motivate and inspire others into
action. All leaders can learn from past success and mistakes of any world leader. In this paper we are going to look at the practices and leadership
styles of Mohandas Gandhi and a brief comparison and contrast of leadership styles to Fidel Castro.
Mohandas Gandhi
Mohandas Gandhi was born in 1869 in the Bombay region of Porbandar, Gujarat (DuToit, 1996). He is known as one of the greatest leaders from
India and is said to be the father of the Indian Independence Movement. Gandhi did not become a spiritual and political leader overnight and was
influenced by a number of events throughout his life. From an unlavished childhood, Gandhi was able to attend law school in London. This was once
step in the direction of his quest for morality and humility in society. After graduating law school, Gandhi practiced law in South Africa where he
quickly realized the discrimination against Indians in South Africa. One day he was booted from a passenger train because he refused to sit 3rd class
because he paid for a 1st class ticket. This

Article 18 : Causes Of The Godhra Train Burning
Godhra Train burning
Article 18: Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience, and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and
freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship, and
observance.
In this world, human beings have their own beliefs based on ethics, practices, and religion. Traditionally, religion is considered the view of God and a
source of religious beliefs. Among all faiths, Hinduism and Islam are two of the world's largest religions. However, if the pages were flipped back in
history, the tensions between Islam and Hindu would reveal a constant eruption between the two religions. On February 27, 2002, the Sabarmati
Express train was set on fire killing fifty–nine people died near the Godhra railway station. The blame for the train fire was directly placed on Muslims
of Godhra by the government of Gujarat. There was a huge controversy whether the incident was an accident or preplanned attack.
According to the investigation, the conflict started when the Hindu militant activists attacked a Muslim woman and pulling off her headscarf. This
flashpoint between the two religious ideologies is believed to have triggered the Human Right Violation. Such disrespect by the Hindu activist is a
violation of Article 5 of The Universal Declaration of Human Rights due to the influence of religiosity, the norms and mores, and political

Mutually Beneficial Us India Trade Relations
Mutually Beneficial US–India Trade Relations
The trade relationships between the US and India to be a very interesting topic when looking towards the future. This relationship can be extremely
beneficial for both countries as long as we can form a strong bond with the Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi. Unfortunately some bad blood
between the countries will have to be patched first. I used three articles to gain enough background information and facts to formulate a strong opinion
to this event. The three articles I used to base my reactions were Obama Joins with Modi in Pledge to Expand Economic Ties by Angela Greiling
Keane and Shobhana Chandra, New opportunities for India–US Trade by Pete Sessions and Shalabh Kumar, and Obama hosts India's Modi for White
House Visit by Josh Lederman and Darlene Superville. [Insert Thesis Here] In September President Obama and Prime Minister Modi met to discuss
the US and India's trade future. They wanted to go over policies and various regulations to ensure that each country is treated fairly. Going over these
police from both sides can form the mutually beneficial relation between these two economically thriving nations. As a result they want to make better
trade relationships so that each country earns their mutual benefits. For example if India allows US companies to trade over there then India business
can also start to make profits in the American market as well. They hope to create a strong relationship through strong security,

Journey To Education : My Journey Of Education In India
India is being considered as 'Tiger Economy' and emerging as a big power on the global map, but in the same country millions of Dalits (broken
people) and Tribal (native people) are living in subhuman condition. One of the egregious examples is manual scavenging; according to
Non–Governmental Organization (NGO) projection 1.3 million people in India are involved in manual scavenging work. This is unbelievable and
unacceptable in any civilized society, but people are forced into manual scavenging work across India. These people are called 'Untouchables' and
they are Dalits within Dalits in India and their conditions are disgraceful and unparalleled in the world. This is of great significance in my life
because I'm a Dalit and was born in the slum of a big city (Ahmedabad). Since an early age I have been experiencing and observing discrimination in
the name of caste (social hierarchical structure).
The great emancipator of Dalits, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar saideducation is the tool to fight against oppression and all forms of injustice. I understood this
message deeply from early on in my life and strived for higher education. The first big milestone in my journey of education was to earn a M. Sc in
Agriculture Economics (2001) at Gujarat Agriculture University (India). I became the first person to acquire a master degree in my clan. It was an
interesting combination of science and agriculture and studied Economics, Extension Education and Statistics. As an academic requirement I

Perjury
PERJURY
WHAT IS PERJURY?
Perjury is the "willful and corrupt taking of a false oath in regard to a material matter in a judicial proceedings." It is sometimes called "lying under
oath" i.e., deliberately telling a lie in a courtroom after having taken an oath to tell the truth. It is important that the false statement be material to case
at hand, means that false statement could effect the outcome of the case. It is not considered perjury, for example : to lie about age unless age is a key
factor in proving the case.
Perjury can be used as a threat. Although, perjury is a very serious crime under state and Federal laws, and while prosecutors often threaten prosecution,
the member of actual prosecution for perjury is tiny. The... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The allegation that, Zaheera Sheikh took money to retract her statement is open to judicial scrutiny. Witnesses turning hostile in several cases take not
only the courts for a __ but Justice itself.
Zaheera Sheikh is not a only example of someone allegedly having committed "perjury" there are majority of cases in which witnesses give false
evidence or retract their statements at a later stage, which results in the accused being acquitted.
If the Indian courts started taking action against falsehood the case of perjury would outnumber all other categories of cases. But the Best Bakery Case,
as indeed the Jessica Lal Murder Case, have become high profile and are therefore being highlighted and discussed in detail.
Under section 191, of the Indian Penal Code, perjury is defined as "giving false evidence". The person is prosecuted to have given false statement at
some point, but hardly anyone, including legal experts, can recall a single case before Best Bakery Case and the Jessica Lal murder case in which a
person was prosecuted for making a false statement before the court.
Under section 191 of the IPC, an affidavit is evidence and a person swearing to a false affidavit is guilty of perjury, which is punishable of
imprisonment which may extend to seven years.

However, action against making a false statement should be

Indian Polity and Social Issue
Polity, Constitution and Social Issues
Polity & Constitution
Constitution of India is the supreme law of India. It lays down the framework defining fundamental political principles, establishing the structure,
procedures, powers and duties, of the government and spells out the fundamental rights, directive principles and duties of citizens. Passed by the
Constituent Assembly on 26 November 1949, it came into effect on 26 January 1950.
The date 26 January was chosen to commemorate the declaration of independence of 1930. It declares the Union of India to be a sovereign, democratic
republic, assuring its citizens of justice, equality, and liberty and to promote among them all fraternity. The words "socialist", "secular" and "integrity"
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Mission discussed the framework of the constitution and laid down in some detail the procedure to be followed by the constitution drafting body.
Elections for the 296 seats assigned to the British Indian provinces were completed by August 1946. The Constituent Assembly first met and began
work on 9 December 1946.
(Indian Independence Act 1947): The Indian Independence Act, which came into force on 18 July 1947, divided the British Indian territory into two
new states of India and Pakistan, which were to be dominions under the Commonwealth of Nations until their constitutions were in effect. The
Constituent Assembly was divided into two for the separate states.
The Act relieved the British Parliament of any further rights or obligations towards India or Pakistan, and granted sovereignty over the lands to the
respective Constituent Assemblies. When the Constitution of India came into force on 26 January 1950, it overturned the Indian Independence Act.
India ceased to be a dominion of the British Crown and became a sovereign democratic republic.
Constituent Assembly
The Constitution was drafted by the Constituent Assembly, which was elected by the elected members of the provincial assemblies. Jawaharlal Nehru,
C. Rajagopalachari, Rajendra

The 1984 Anti-Sikh Riots in India
The 1984 Anti–Sikh Riots in India
The Anti–Sikh riots in the 1984 year of riots had been anything in particular. People are aggrieved when they hear of the incident and narrate stories
of how runaway crime could have increased on Sikhs during the time. The main reason for the advent of the riots was the shooting down of Mrs.
Indira Gandhi in morning of 31 October 1984. The riots had started off in the evening just after her morning death. The information of the riots was
already taken by Giyani Jail Singhji that meeting of congress leaders – Arun Nehru, HKL Bhagat and Jagdish Tytler and more were deciding to give a
slogan called 'khoon ka badla khoon'. The first riot took place in the evening near Delhi market of INA, near south Delhi.
The riots were a challenge to the government to counter the overt insurgency effects, people security and unplanned measures. In revenge for the army
raid she (Mrs. Indira Gandhi) had approved on Amritsar's Golden temple the center of Sikh faith, occupied by major Sikh Nationalists, was the reason
purported to be the fact on the riots gaining more fire. Officially, the 492 civilians as well as 83 soldiers had got killed in the operation.
Also CBI the main investigating agency has been of the opinion that many such violence based riots might have also in this incident been supported
with help of police and Central government. Later on the Rajiv Gandhi government had come to power and he had said about the incident as 'when a
big tree falls,

Eastern vs Western India
Poverty –In three poor states in eastern India, the poverty ratio dropped far more slowly –– from 66% to 47.15% in Orissa, 62% to 42.6% in Bihar, and
51% to 36.09% in Assam Literacy Eastern India has a literacy rate of 59.7, which is much lower than the national literacy rate of 64.8. While male
literacy is lower than the national average, female literacy in the East is much higher than the national average of 43.9. Workers account for 37.1
percent of the population of East India. The ratio of both male and female workers is lower than the averages for India. Unemployment Tourism
Industry GDP Agriculture Economic Reforms Population The Eastern region of India has a current population of 312 million and represents... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Also, these results provide vital information to assess the situation to develop public health interventions, and to sensitise the concerned agencies to
implement the laws related to violence against women. The overall prevalence of physical, psychological, sexual and any form of violence among
women of Eastern India were 16%, 52%, 25% and 56% respectively. These rates reported by men were 22%, 59%, 17% and 59.5% respectively.
Men reported higher prevalence of all forms of violence apart from sexual violence. Husbands were mostly responsible for violence in majority of
cases and some women reported the involvement of husbands' parents. It is found that various acts of violence were continuing among majority of
women who reported violence. Some socio–economic characteristics of women have significant association with the occurrence of domestic violence.
Urban residence, older age, lower education and lower family income are associated with occurrence of domestic violence. Multivariate logistic
regressions revealed that the physical violence has significant association with state, residence (rural or urban), age and occupation of women, and
monthly family income. Similar associations are found for psychological violence (with residence, age, education and occupation of the women and
monthly family income) and sexual violence

Casualties Gone Unnoticed : The Marginalizing Effect Of...
Casualties Gone Unnoticed: The Marginalizing Effect of Relief Efforts
*Geetika Ahuja, **Arshiya Kochar
*Geetika Ahuja– Student of B.A. Sociology, Department of Sociology, Lady Shri Ram College, University of Delhi
**Arshiya Kochar– Student of B.A. Psychology, Sri Aurobindo College (E),
University of Delhi
ABSTRACT
Wherever several different identities co–exist, conflicts are bound to happen. However, trivial conflicts get magnified into severe clashes and such
clashes, can often metamorphose into violent uprisings, bloodshed and riots, which we can broadly consider as man–made disasters. In the aftermath
of such man–made disasters, rescue forces are put to work, and immediate health assistance is given to those physically or visibly injured. However, it
is important to note that there is a fundamental exclusion and overlooking of the psychological trauma suffered by the survivors, their families and the
deceased 's families. Sidelining this extremely important tangent of an individual and group 's well–being, the institutional records only throw light on
the physical casualties, not focusing on psychological health. This can be seen to have severe repercussions, as people who haven 't recovered
psychologically may harbor feelings of antagonism, hatred, hostility, and may be unable to accommodate themselves to mainstream society again. Such
individuals may face alienation from society and are hence, rendered to live their lives at the margins. This marginalization and

Biography of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi
Introduction Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, who is more popularly known as Mahatma Gandhi, was born on October 2nd, 1869 and passed away on
January 30th, 1948. He was the most popular leader of the Indian nationalist movement during the British–rule that lasted for nearly a century in India.
He was the most adamant supporter of the non–violent civil disobedience and was the leader that inspired the move towards independence and civil
rights amongst the Indians. Gandhi was born on the coastal regions of Gujarat in a Hindu Bania community in the family of a senior government
official Karamchand Gandhi. His mother Putlibai was his father's fourth wife. The first three wives died during child birth. His mother was a Jain
and Gandhi was strongly influenced by Jain traditions and customs (Erikson, 1969). He studied law abroad in London. His very first effort towards
social change was on return to India in 1915. Prior to his return, he worked in South Africa for the civil rights of the Muslims and Hindus in the region.
This was where he first experimented with the new techniques of non–violent efforts towards change. While he was in South Africa, he also dedicated
his time towards voicing non–violently against the numerous legislatures that existed against the Indians. These were the techniques he then also
applied when returning to India when supporting peasants to fight against the extreme land taxes in the region (Erikson, 1969). He was never a
supporter of communalism and

The Indian History And The Status Of Women
The Indian History and the Status of Women :
Women's security is closely connected to global security still they suffer simply because they differ in gender. According to the UN Commission on
Human Security, 'the security of one person, one community, one nation rests on the decisions of many others, sometimes fortuitously, sometimes
precariously''. However, in the interrelated world everyone is influenced either positively or negatively by the decisions of individuals or states
(UNIFEM
2003). To understand the status of the Indian women it is important to understand the history gender discrimination in the country.
In 1947, the Indian history of violence against women was perceivable in the violent nature of the nation's partition. The women were raped,
abducted and their bodies were used as a medium of men's evil expression as Indian Hindus and the Pakistani Muslims battled for power to defend
their countries. This tactic of humiliating the opponent by using women's bodies as a tool of power dominance is still being practiced in the Indian
society and is visible in the cases of Devi and Sori (Dobhal 2011: 598).
Mother India, commonly termed as Bharat Mata in Sanskrit is the national personification of
India as a mother goddess which is widely depicted as a woman clad in a saffron sari holding the national flag. The position of women was high in
India and some might argue that degrading positioning of women in the society is influenced by the impact of colonialism.

Juvenile Delinquency Is Not A Problem
Children constitute the most vulnerable section of society and are the most important asset for the future and development of that society. It was
righty coined by Abraham Lincoln "A child is a person who is going to carry what you have started. He is going to sit where you are sitting, and
when you are gone, attend to those things you think are important. You may adopt all the policies you please, but how they carried out depends on
him. He is going to move in and take over your churches, schools, universities and corporations. The fate of humanity is in his hands" . But, over
the past few decades juvenile violence crime has grown twice as quickly as that of the adults. Childhood experiences plays a very significant role in
the development of criminality in a juvenile, generally this trait of criminality is not noticeable in the early life, but if they are acted upon future
delinquency can be avoided. Juvenile delinquency is not a problem in just one corner of the earth but it is a problem faced worldwide in every
country. In order to tackle with problems like juvenile delinquency efforts are being made nationally and internationally to rehabilitate, protect and
prevent juvenile delinquency. Our country has from since quite sometime over the past few decades have been working and aiming at protecting
children and the juveniles in conflict with the legal system by introducing various Acts and rules in order to do the same as mentioned above. The
crime commited by juvenile

Christian Teachings on Poverty and Wealth Essay
Christian Teachings on Poverty and Wealth
Ever since the beginning of the Christian faith, poverty and wealth have been a big issue. Before Jesus was born, the rich would use religion to keep
the poor away from them. The wealthy thought their riches were a blessing from God and that their faith and dedication was a reason for God
bestowing them with wealth. They believed that the poor were not true followers of God and therefore suffered with poverty. They thought that the
poor were not as important in the eyes of God. However, Jesus himself was born in a poor family and he was born in a stable where the animals were
kept. "For you know the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ, that though he was rich, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This was what Jesus was particularly against and believed that this was what would prevent a select few from reaching heaven. "Blessed are you who
are poor, for yours is the kingdom of God." "But woe to you who are rich, for you have already received your comfort." Luke 6: 20 and Luke 6:24. He
believed that, "You cannot serve both God and money." Luke 16:13. All men and women were equal in God's eyes regardless of status and wealth:
"There is neither Jew nor Greek, slave nor free, male nor female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus." Galatians 3:26.
In the Bible, Saint James said that the most important people in heaven were the outcasts of society making them one of the most loved people of
God: "Has not God chosen those who are poor in the eyes of the world to be rich in faith and to inherit the kingdom he promised those who love
him?" James 2:5. In 1Timothy 6:10, Saint Paul said that "For the love of money is a root of all kinds of evil." Through this quote, Saint Paul
emphasizes that monetary problems lead to most wrong doings such as stealing, corruption and gambling. Saint Paul did not condemn money or
wealth and neither did Jesus but said that the love of money was wrong and this is what kept a rich man from entering heaven. He also said that,
"Whoever sows sparingly will also reap sparingly, and whoever sows generously will also reap generously."

Women Empowerment
NATIONAL POLICY FOR THE EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN (2001) | | |Introduction | |The principle of gender equality is enshrined in the Indian
Constitution in its Preamble, Fundamental | |Rights, Fundamental Duties and Directive Principles. The Constitution not only grants equality to |
|women, but also empowers the State to adopt measures of positive discrimination in favour of women. | |Within the framework of a democratic polity,
our laws, development policies, Plans and programmes have| |aimed at women's advancement in different spheres. From the Fifth Five Year Plan
(1974–78) onwards has| |been a marked shift in the approach to women's issues from... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Therefore, they remain largely marginalized, poor and socially excluded. | |Goal and Objectives | |1.11 The goal of this Policy is to bring about the
advancement, development and empowerment of women. | |The Policy will be widely disseminated so as to encourage active participation of all
stakeholders for| |achieving its goals. Specifically, the objectives of this Policy include | |(i) Creating an environment through positive economic and
social policies for full development of | |women to enable them to realize their full potential | |(ii) The de–jure and de–facto enjoyment of all human
rights and fundamental freedom by women on equal | |basis with men in all spheres – political, economic, social, cultural and civil | |(iii) Equal access
to participation and decision making of women in social, political and economic | |life of the nation | |(iv) Equal access to women to health care, quality
education at all levels, career and vocational | |guidance, employment, equal remuneration, occupational health and safety, social

Analysis : Vinayak Damodar Savarkar
Vinayak Damodar Savarkar was (28 May 1883 – 26 February 1966) was a poet, playwright and a fierce advocate of India 's independence. He
espoused dismantling the caste system in India, and reconversion of the converted Hindus back to Hindu religion. This term was coined Hindutva, as
opposed to Hinduism which is regarded in a social/political communalist context. Hindutva, on the other hand, advocated national unity and fraternal
brotherhood among all Indians.
Hinduism is a movement centred around a religion, or in essence, is a religion which spans roughly 4th century CE. The followers of the religion are
called Hindus, though in a different connotation as compared to Savarkar 's Hindutva. For Savarkar, Hindus were a people who lived in Hindustan,
and were part of a common territory. In Old Persian, the land ahead the Indus River was called HinduЕЎ (the Iranian interpretation of Sanskrit Sindhu),
hence modern Persian Hind, HindЕ«. This added to the Iranic suffix –stДЃn became Hindustan, "land of the Hindus" . Savarkar was a staunch believer
of national unity as opposed to a religious fanatic. A reported atheist, he held Hindus as a cultural and political entity.
Since Savarkar held Hindus as a national identity, his perception opposed the definition of religion as the pinnacle of man 's priorities, as thrust by
major religious texts or religious bodies. Hindutva regarded the definition of a citizen by territorial allegiance, rather than ethnicity, religion or some
other

The Communal Politics Of India
INTRODUCTION –
The communal politics in India started from 1970s when emergency was declared in India. The Congress was unable to fulfill its promises,
conditions of India deteriorated, GDP dumps. Other parties were also unable to deliver the expectation of people, and then BJP comes with communal
politics by raising Babri Masjid case. Rathyatra led by Advani is an important event which created enthusiasm in a particular section of community.
After Dandi March, this is the one yatra which has succeeded because there were organizations in every level; it was pre–planned and executed
carefully which made it successful. The extreme case of communal riots in India took place on 27 February, 2002. The abuse of human rights started
when in Sabarmati Express; one coach of Hindus who were on pilgrimage was burned at the Godhra station in which Muslims were considered as
mastermind behind this action. The next day the Muslims community was targeted and huge killing took place. The organizations like Rashtriya
SwayamSevak Sangh and Vishwa Hindu Parishad were involved in these riots. Many Masjids were destroyed, Muslim women were raped, their shops
were looted. The State Government and police failed to stop the communal violence instead they helped the communal forces in locating Muslims by
giving voters list and other documents for identification.
Although, Gujarat is one of the most developed states in a country in terms of Gross Domestic Product and Human Development Index but

Witch Hunting Research Paper
Witch Hunting and Branding in Rural areas of India
Mila Kelly
Asian Politics
Dr. Dittloff
April 26, 2016
INTRODUCTION
Today, violence based on gender is a horrific and disturbing phenomenon which is prevalent in any all societies who are irrespective of political
boundaries. In different cultures, there are people who believe in witchcraft, despite society 's progression to be more scientific in temper. One issue
which is largely overlooked is witch hunting which is a form of gender–based violence. In traditional India, the practice of witch hunting was used to
ward off evil, however in the past few decades, socio–political motives, such as land–grabbing, seem to be more and more common in rural ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This paper will not only examine the contemporary challenges of witch–branding/hunting in rural India that is largely grounded in gender violence and
vigilantism, but it will also explain how the Indian government is or is not addressing the issue at hand. Examples of what changes can be
implemented will also be listed in order to create a step by step plan for the mitigating of such violent acts as well as providing the rural Indian
community with some basic essentials for maintaining a successful society.
THE HISTORY OF WITCHES AND WITCH HUNTING
Throughout history, both men and women alike have been branded witches and been accused of black–magic and sorcery only to be hunted and killed
in a most disturbing manner. Women, however, have been the most ubiquitously targeted gender in every society and era. To define the term "witch",
this paper will be using the definition "a person, especially of the female gender, who acquires supernatural power, is capable of performing black
magic and/or sorcery, and is causing purported harm to human health" (Iqbal, 2015). In India, terms such as daayan, tohni and chudail are used to
brand women, specifically, as witches. The term "witch", a name commonly used only for women, coupled with the fact that the vast majority of witch
killing victims are women, clearly shows the attributions as gender specific. The branding of a person as a witch is indefinitely negative and destructive.

Failures Of Indira Gandhi
Week Ten: This weeks analysis on Indira Gandhi helped me unpack her successes and failures. Some of the major failures that my group talked about
was the forced sterilization, state of emergency, religious divide, censorship and corruption. The mass forced sterilization was ultimate failure in my
eyes and as I talked about prior a major human rights violation. Interestingly, Indira Gandhi had no gender policy during her reign. One would think
that a women politician would want to address so many of the problems that plague women on a daily basis. If I was a women in India during the time
where Indira Gandhi came to power, I would have been devastated that she was not interested in improving women's rights. Indira also reinforced the
religious divide within India, especially for the Sikhs. She ended up exacerbating tensions in the region, which ultimately lead to her demise.
While she did have a lot of failures, this weeks class helped bring to light some of her successes as well. Prior to this class I only really thought of her
failures and even during class my group had a hard time coming up with anything. I think her lack of credentials and her short–sidedness made her ill
prepared to be a ruler. Throughout this class I began to admire Nehru and his leadership of India; however, with Indira I felt myself being angry and
disappointed with her ruling style.
Rajiv Gandhi's rise to power was even more abrupt than his mothers. He was even less qualified than his

Review Of The Poem 'Little Things' By Richard Smiley: The...
JUSTICE DELAYED IS JUSTICE DENIED
"Little drops of
Water, little grains of sand
Make the mighty ocean
And the pleasant land,
Little deeds of kindness,
Little words of love
Help to make earth happy
Like the heaven above."
This poem of Julia A F Cabney in "Little Things" was quoted by the Supreme Court judges Doraiswamy Raju and Arijit Pasayat while delivering their
judgement on April 12 in the infamous Best Bakery riot case in Gujarat.
Before I start I would like to highlight something about the origin of the quoted line "Justice delayed is justice denied." This line was written by
William Ewart Gladstone (1809 – 1898). He was one of the greatest of English Politicians and also former British Prime Minister.
The 15th August 1947 is a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"The modern day Neros were looking elsewhere when innocent children and helpless women were burning and were probably deliberating how the
perpetrators of the crime could be protected," the apex court said.
The judgment is an indictment not only against the Narendra Modi government, its bureaucracy, police, prosecution but also against the state judiciary.
One can understand the inaction of the state governments, its subservient bureaucracy, police and prosecution but not the judiciary.
"The public prosecutor was not acting in a manner befitting the position held by him. He did not even request the trial court for holding the trial
in–camera when a large number of witnesses were resiling from the statements made during investigation. The powers under Section 165 of the Indian
Evidence Act (Judge's power to put questions or order production) was not resorted to at all'. One of the witnesses was declared being of unsound
mind but it was manipulated by the prosecution to drop him from being a witness, the apex court said.

Some of the witnesses were not examined at all without disclosing reasons. Courts are not expected to play to the gallery. They are not expected to
be tape recorders to record whatever the witnesses are stating. Section 311 of the Code of Criminal Procedure and Section 165 of the Evidence Act
confer vast and wide powers on presiding officers of court to elicit all

The Attack on Mumbai and 9-11
The attack on Mumbai ( 26/11 , 2008 ) has been an extremely serious tragedy proportions. Not only shook Mumbai people , but also the country as a
whole . Its impact has been in politics in South Asia.
Terrorism, as such, has been dominating the political scene since the last decades , especially after the cowardly attack on World Trade Center on 9
/11 , 2001. Although the official version of the law has undergone severe questioning , yet this event was used by the U.S. to promote its objective of
controlling the oil wealth in western Asia. This led to a chain of events leading to the invasion of Afghanistan and the U.S. occupation of Iraq . This
resulted in total disgrace on the people of Iraq, a symbol which comes in the form of Muntadhar al– Zaidi, an Iraqi journalist throwing his shoes at
George Bush. (December 2008 ) .
The Al Qaeda was blamed for the 9/11 Commission has a long history and that his works came to the surface, one got to know in due time, which itself
was formed U.S. to fight the Russian armies in Afghanistan. The word Islamic Terrorism was built by the U.S. media uncritically and was picked up by
the global media . The meanings of the words Jihad and Kafir were modified to suit the indoctrination module developed by U.S. to train terrorists in
specially created Madrasa in Pakistan. It is left on one of these groups that have wreaked havoc in South Asia, Kashmir and parts of India , in particular.
As this type of terrorism has also been the principal

Police Violence Is More Than Violent Policing
Bernasconi, R. (2014). When police violence is more than violent policing. CR: The New Centennial Review, 14(2), 145–152. doi:10.14321
/crnewcentrevi.14.2.0145 The article examines a particular case where a young African–American male was shot by a police officer in Chicago. The
author looks at the causes of this incident as well as discusses the absence of accountability that the police department faced. The content of this article
applies to all three disciplines that will assist to explain police brutality.
Chamberlain, A. W., & Boggess, L. N. (2016). Why disadvantaged neighborhoods are more attractive targets for burgling than wealthy ones. Retrieved
from ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He examines the governmental aspect that plays a role in violence practiced by the law enforcement officials and how police brutality varies across
cultures. As well, the author points out which part of society is usually subjected to excessive force applied by the police. This content is relevant for
sociology and political science.
Chipaux, F. (2007). L 'islamisme essaime en Inde [Islamism in India]. Le Monde. Retrieved from http://www.lemonde.fr This French article discusses
the current cultural and religious conflict in India. The author cites various individuals who argue that Muslims are purposely blamed for violence that
affects both communities. As well, it stresses that the government is lacking actions in order to resolve the conflict. This article applies to psychology.
Dottolo, A. L, & Stewart, A. J. (2008). "Don't ever forget now, you're a black man in America": Intersections of race, class and gender in encounters
with the police. Sex Roles, 59(5–6), 350–364. doi:10.1007/s11199–007–9387–x The article written by Dottolo and Stewart (2008) supports previous
discussions about racism against African–Americans. They conducted interviews to determine whether race, class and gender play a large role in
encounters with the law enforcement officials. This article is relevant to the sociological discussion.
Hays, Z. R. (2011). Police use of excessive force in disorganized

What Are The Causes Of Communalism
1. Introduction
Communalism is the result of conflicts between various religious groups who try to promote their own interests at the cost of others. Simplifying, it
can be defined as distinguishing people on the basis of their religion.
Communalism is a serious issue in India that is faced by us. This problem, which mostly exists amongst the followers of two primary religious
communities in our country – Hindus and Muslims, it many times creates sense of tension in secular India. Such acts have been acclaimed in our
country which is disgraceful, shameful and departing from the message of Our Father of Nation Mahatma Gandhi who led the nation towards freedom,
following the way of non–violence.
Indian society is multicultural, multiracial, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They wanted to weaken the freedom movement. They always divide the people on the basis of religion and spread the feeling of hatred, distrust among
public. This led to disunity among religious groups and in consequence became responsible for continuation of British rule. The British policy of
separate electorate was also one such measure adopted by them. They also acted late in situation of communal violence while ruling.
5.2 Political Organizations
In our country, political parties' major consideration is vote bank. They take benefits out of communal violence and propagate one religious group that
led to feeling of hatred among other religious groups.
Consider the example of Shah Bano case. Muslims reacted in a hostile way against the Supreme Court judgement which granted a Muslim divorcee,
Shah Bano, maintenance in excess and in protraction of the Shari'ah, which permits maintenance only for the iddah (three months post–divorce) period.
The then Central government headed by Rajiv Gandhi upturned the judgement by enacting the Muslim Women's Act in early

Roles Of Sangh Parivar
CHAPTER 2 HINDU NATIONALISTS AD THEIR LOVE FOR FASCISM
Introduction
Various organisations in India who laid their foundation resting their ideology on' one nation, one culture, one language and one religion' are found to
follow the footsteps of Nazi Germany. Nazi Germany was adopted as the apt role model for the Sangh Parivar, especially the concept of anti–Semitism
was embraced with more enthusiasm. Like the Jews were for Germans, Muslims are for the Hindu fanatics of Sangh Parivar. The bodies involved in
incorporating and developing such ideals include Vishwa Hindu Parishad(VHP), the religious wing of Sangh Parivar,especially,Bajrang Dal, political
wing BJP and the umbrella organisation Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh(RSS).
The Sangh Parivar ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Referring to the minorities in India, especially Muslims, he wrote, " For though Hindusthan to them is Fatherland as to any other Hindu yet it is not
to them a Holy land too. Their holy land is far off in Arabia or Palestine." (chapter: Who is a Hindu?). He further writes, " the tie of common holy land
has at times proved stronger than the chains of a Motherland. Look at the Mohammedans. Mecca to them is a sterner reality than Delhi or Agra."
(chapter: Unique Natural Blessings to

Role of the Public Prosecutor
Role of the Public Prosecutor in the Criminal Justice SystemIn independent India, it goes without saying that the criminal justice system (hereafter
CJS) must function within the framework of the principles enunciated by the Constitution. Broadly speaking, these are as follows : The guarantee of
equality before the law Equal protection of the laws Prohibition of discrimination imposed upon the State Deprivation of life / personal liberty only in
accordance with procedure established by law Presumption of innocence of the accused The requirement of proof beyond reasonable doubt The right of
the accused to remain silent Arrest and detention in accordance with law and judicial guidelines Protection against double... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Outside these developments, other pressures such as patriarchal prejudices and caste/class biases impinge upon the functioning of the State and its
agencies. These questions assume greater significance in situations where those arraigned for trial are functionaries and agents of the State itself.
Evidences related to the 1984 anti Sikh massacre in Delhi, the 1992 anti–Muslim violence in Mumbai and the 2002 state–sponsored genocide in Gujarat
have all convincingly named and shown public servants in the role of perpetrators, conspirators and abettors in serious crimes including murder, rape
and arson. Can a Public Prosecutor functioning within the present system discharge the onerous burden of bringing such persons to book? Does this
not make the case for greater autonomy for the prosecution to enable it to act freely and outside the executive? This project examines institutional and
statutory checks and balances in the present legal system that enable the prosecutor to function independently uninfluenced by politics. The adequacy
of these checks and the need for increased autonomy are key concerns of the project. This project also looks at the pathetic state of infrastructure and
facilities available to Public Prosecutors. It is paradoxical that although the rhetoric of a 'hard' state is propounded by parties of all hues, not even
rudimentary facilities are provided to Public

Effects and Implications of Coalition Governments on the...
Amity School of Communication
AMITY UNIVERSITY RAJASTHAN
Effects and implications of coalition governments on the political scenario in India
Abstract:
Parliamentary democracies ruled by multiparty cabinets make foreign policy decisions in a fairly unique institutional context, complicated by the
politics of coalition government. Recent research suggests that this context is associated with foreign policy behaviors that are quite distinct in
character from foreign policy made by single party cabinets. In particular, coalitions tend to engage in more extreme (both more peaceful and more
aggressive) and more committed foreign policies. In this paper, we examine the reasons behind extreme foreign policy choices by coalition cabinets.
We also ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the 2004 Indian elections, the INC won the largest number of Lok Sabha seats and formed a government with a coalition called the United
Progressive Alliance (UPA), supported by various parties. In the 2009 Lok Sabha Elections, it won again with a surprising majority, the INC itself
winning more than 200 seats.
At the federal level, India is the most populous democracy in the world while many neighboring countries witness frequent coups; Indian democracy
has been suspended only once. Nevertheless, Indian politics is often described as chaotic. More than a fifth of parliament members face criminal
charges and is not unheard of that most state assembly seats are held by convicted criminals. Corruption in India is common rather corruption and
crime are the qualifications for being a politician in India.
What is a collation Government?
A coalition government is one in which several political parties must cooperate in order to run a country or region. A coalition government is often
times considered a very weak form of government because there is no majority party. In such cases, the only way policy gets approved is by making
concessions, hence the forming of a coalition.
A coalition government, also known as a coalition cabinet, can be one of the most entertaining, and volatile, forms of government. Often, it may be
hard to know how an issue is going to turn out, unlike countries where there are only

Essay On Kabir Kala Manch
After the Gujarat riots, which was a three–day period of inter–communal violence between the Hindus and Muslims in the western Indian state of
Gujarat. A group of students came together and formed Kabir Kala Manch. A cultural group which, through their music and poetry, took up the cause of
social inequality by making people aware on various social issues through their street plays in the city. They fearlessly encourage listeners to oppose
government policies promoting economic liberation that conserve India's social economic division.
Some ways of distributing their points towards the public such as their song "My Mother", "Rohith Vemula" which comments on the death of
democracy, and "Sadhya Patta Bhumigat" published by Lokvangmay ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They perform across the country in slums, university auditoriums and theater venues. But despite these performances unfortunately some of their
recent shows were cancelled due to people who believe that the group threatens national security since they openly critique the state. Due to this
happening, different members of the Kabir Kala Manch have been imprisoned since 2011. Just recently some of the members were actually recently
released this year during the month of January.
One of the troupe's famous songs is about the suicide death of Rohith Vemula. The scholar from Hyderabad University who committed suicide. The
song comments on the death of democracy, Sheetal Sathe who is the founder and member of the cultural troupe sings about how casteism which is
prejudice or antagonism against someone, blocks the education system and about how it placed restrictions on education. Sathe unfortunately was in
jail for three months on the charge that she and her husband were Maoists which is a type of communist party in India. Sheetal Sathe was arrested
when she was 6 months pregnant. Due to her health conditions, she was let out on bail when she was over 8 months pregnant. The couple and other
members of KKM arrested themselves voluntarily. Sathe joined KKM soon after its formation in 2002. Mali her husband joined a year later, by
leaving his job to become a full–time activist. The group which is clearly left leaning, has stated

Hindu Muslim Violence And India
Civil violence, often representing ethnic, religious or racial conflict has been rising through the past half–century (Gleditsch et al. 2002), but we still
have only a limited understanding of its causes. While there is considerable evidence that the outbreak of civil conflict results from poverty (e.g.
Miguel et al. 2004; Bohlken and Sergenti 2010; Do and Iyer, 2010), the evidence on other potential causes including the importance of social divisions
and political grievances is more controversial (Blattman and Miguel, 2010: p.45). This paper examines Hindu–Muslim violence in India. Muslims
constitute India's largest religious minority, and the observed patterns of Hindu–Muslim violence suggest that Muslims are more likely to have been
the victims of such violence (Mitra and Ray, 2010). Since Muslims are also under–represented in elected office (constituting only 5% of members in
the national legislature in 2009, down from nearly 9% in 1980), we investigate whether increasing Muslim political representation lowers the incidence
of religious conflict. We put together unique data on both the religious identity of politicians and religious conflict for the period 1960–2007, merged at
the state and the district level. We account for the potential endogeneity of Muslim representation by instrumenting the share of Muslim legislators with
the share of Muslim legislators who win in close elections against Hindus (a strategy similar to that implemented by Lee, 2001 and Clots–Figuer

Gandhi 's Effect On The World
Gandhi's Salt march which had the Indian independence. Gandhi played a major role in the development of nonviolence and peace activities.
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was the pre–eminent political and spiritual bellwether of India and the Indian independence movement. He had many
adherents, and edified many how to protest placidly, instead of utilizing violence and war. Gandhi is a role model for many people today and is one
of the most famous of all nonviolent activists. Gandhi made an immensely colossal impact on the world through his work. "The Salt March gave the
world the idea of the use of mass nonviolence in politics. To Indians, it helped produce a 'Father of the Nation.' Gandhi was instrumental in freeing
India from the yoke of British imperialism and consequently started the unravelling of global colonialism." (Gandhian Nonviolence And The Salt
March).
"As for Mr. Gandhi, he is confident he will begin his illegal gathering of salt at 6:30 o 'clock tomorrow morning. But, as he remarked to your
correspondent with a wry smile." "That is to say, if I am allowed to do so." (Gandhi Makes Salt, Defying India 's Law). The Salt March, which took
place in India from 12th March 1930, was an act of civil disobedience to protest British rule in India led by Mohandas Gandhi (1869–1948). During the
march, thousands of Indians followed Gandhi from his religious near Ahmedabad to the Arabian Sea coast, a distance of some 240 miles. The march
resulted in the apprehend of

The Pros And Cons Of Globalization
With globalization comes migration, as people choose to immigrate from one place to the other in search of better opportunities. Because of
globalization, nations attempt to homogenize their diverse population, with disregard to individuals own cultural ties. The backlash of this disregard
causes violent civil conflict, as differing cultures branch out and mobilize for their own cause. According to Samuel. P Huntington, people are no
longer defined by their political, ideological or economic positions, but rather their cultural identity. Huntington classified the world into 8 major
civilizations: Sinic, Japanese, Hindu, Islamic, Orthodox, Western, Latin American and African. Because of globalization, these cultures are migrating
with one another and are creating nations that are multi–cultural. Huntington argues that different cultures will always clash because of their basic
immutable differences, increased interactions, social change, and the West's superiority. For example, the West versusIslam is the most dominating
culture clash in modern time, as evident in the Gulf War, Afghanistan war, and Iraq War/ The increased communication between the two have
exaggerated their differences and the Wests repeated attempt to universalize values, and institution while maintaining their superiority, has caused
resentment within the Middle East and Muslim communities across the globe. In addition, Huntington argues that a resurgence in knowing your roots
and the revival of

The Impact Of Immigration On The Diversity Of A Countries...
We live in a world that is constantly growing closer and father apart. Conflicts within and across countries have a tremendous effect on not only the
people who live in these places, but the relationship among other countries as well. Immigration places a huge role in the diversity of a countries
society. Through the interaction and integration of certain resources, people, and religions, conflict is increased within and across these areas. We see
these up rises in places such as France and India.
Throughout the years, many of France's immigrants have come from European countries and the Maghreb countries throughout North Africa. Many
of the Maghreb ins settled in large cities across France in places such as Marseilles and Paris. In France, the men from North Africa are known for
owning jobs in the construction and factory areas. The women on the other hand are known for not working as much as the men do. But when the
women do work, they employ in jobs such as domestic work and child care. But these women do not only have jobs to be aware about. They also need
to pay close attention on how they present themselves based on their religion. Through the expansion of religion around the world, religious beliefs play
a crucial role within a countries society. Islamic traditions of women are traditionally diverse throughout the world and numerous styles are presented
around the world today. As Avruch (19) addresses, culture is socially and psychologically distributed within and

Religious Genocide

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