Foreign Investment Into The London Property Market
Introduction
In recent years, what can only be described as extremely rapid growth has occurred in the London
property market. With a present average house price of £458,283 compared to £179,492 for the rest
of England and Wales (Land Registry, 2015, pp. 3–5), London is an interesting case study for
analysis due to a consistent 9.8% ten year growth average (Knight Frank , 2014). Something
demonstrated in Figure 1, which shows property price percentage increase from the twelve months
prior to December 2014. With such levels of growth, it is easy to conceptualise London's
attractiveness to investors, particularly that of foreign origin from less stable countries.
Broadly focused on economic geography, my thesis will be an original piece ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The aim of the project is to investigate and document something that has not been extensively
researched in academic literature. The present day issue of foreign investment in London property
provides somewhat of a gap in academic study which I hope (in a small way) to begin to fill.
There are several reasons for me choosing this particular area to research, the first is a strong
interest in finance and my desire to work in this sector after graduation. Secondly, the potential
volatility and substantive gains and losses associated with the property market, make for an
interesting study area. Looking at the foreign investment dimension culminates both of the
aforementioned contemporary aspects, with my aim to add knowledge and understanding to the
world.
Literature Review
When searching for literature to review, it quickly became evident that there was a distinct lack of
contemporary scholarly writing surrounding the direct issue of foreign investment in the London
property market. In contrast, there are many news articles and publications that exist which identify
the issue. For the purpose of this section, scholarly literature bearing on investment in the round and
the property market in particular will be reviewed to provide context, while news articles and
publications to
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Economic Geography Is The Study Of The Location,...
Mid–Term Examination Essay
Questions 1.
Economic geography is the study of the location, distribution and spatial organization of economic
activities across the Earth. One can also say that it is the means to allocate and the use of natural
resources by the defined area or place. It helps in implementing theories based on the use of
geographical space and the location of human settlement and production activities.
The five analytical themes of economic geography is the study of space is inseparable from the
study of time, every place is part of a system of places, Human action always occurs in a
biophysical environment, culture being the shape of consciousness and Social relations are a
necessary starting point to understanding societies and

The Importance Of Geographic Literacy
Geography, it's not just maps and knowing about landforms. Geography is about a who, what,
where, why and how. It raises awareness of things around the world and provides information about
understanding conflicts and solving them. (Murray, Dr. Matthew) Dr. Edelson points out that,
"While the impacts of any particular far–reaching decision may be small, the cumulative impact of
the decisions made by millions of people are enormous." ("What is Geo–literacy?" 2012)
Geography is something all citizens should know about, everyone should be aware of what is
happening around them. The main focus of teaching students how to be geoliterate is so they will
know the consequences resulting from basic decisions. As the curriculum continues to change in
schools throughout the nation, geography has become nonexistent within the classroom. Besides the
basic geographical features, like landforms and oceans, most of this generation knows nothing about
geography. Even sometimes these simple concepts are unreachable for students and many young
adults making them geo–illiterate.
Geographic Literacy, as described by Dr. Daniel C. Edelson, has three key concepts; understanding
human and natural systems, geographic reasoning and systematic decision making. He describes a
geo–literate student as not only one who understands geography, but one who understands that the
Earth is interconnected and the decisions we make over our lifetime have long–lasting effects. They
should also able to comprehend that the relationship between human systems and their interactions
and the impact it puts on our environment. (2012) Another way to describe Geographic Literacy
would mean to be "better equipped to better understand the complexity of the world, how our
decisions affect others, and the interconnectedness of this rich, diverse, and not–so–large world." It
means that one should know what the effects are of the decisions we make daily. (Baskerville,
Brian) Regardless of if the decision is where to live or
Herring 2 how to prepare for natural disasters, everyone makes decisions throughout their lifetime
that requires geo–literacy. ("What is Geo–Literacy?") Whether these decisions are riding a bike or
driving a car, using plastic bags versus

Chapter Summary Of Prisoners Of Geography By Tom Marshall
Prisoners of Geography by Tom Marshall is a creatively written book that explores the effect an
environment has on one's life. Marshall illustrates the histories of ten contrasting regions and how
their geographies have shaped the way they live today.
The book is introduced with Russia. Although seventy–five percent of Russia's population expands
into Asia, it is not considered to be an Asian power, essentially because only a limited 22 percent of
its population lives there. A majority or Russia's wealth comes from Siberia. Siberia carries a great
deal of minerals, oil and gas. The second chapter focuses on China. China is one of the fastest
growing countries with a whopping population of 1.4 billion people. Along with an expanding
community, China has also recently become a naval power, after ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Chapter four targets western Europe. Western Europe has the biggest economy in the world, this
may be a result of the long, navigable rivers, that were made for trading and transporting goods. It
may also be considered the origin of the modern world. The fifth chapter relates to Africa. Africa is
commonly known as a less successful region. Many of its rivers are counterproductive, as you
encounter a waterfall every few miles. The one river that is effective is its most popular, the Nile
River. Because borders in Africa are artificial, many ethnic conflicts arise. The next chapter is about
the Middle East. The Middle East contains the world's largest sand desert called the Rub al Khali or
"Empty Quarter". The Middle East is also home to several countries in poverty, and the familiar
terrorist organization ISIS. The seventh chapter focuses on India and Pakistan. Although they were
once a single country, Pakistan and India can agree on one thing, they don't want to be around the
other. India is a striving country with a rich economy, while Pakistan is the complete opposite. The
countries have had countless wars over

Ap Human Geography Week 7 Geography Research Paper
Introduction to Geography
Research paper week 7 I learned more than I anticipated while studying the Introduction to
Geography. There are Four Geographic Traditions; Earth Science Tradition, Culture–Environment
Tradition, Location Tradition and Area Analysis Tradition. The Earth Science Tradition covers
physical geography such as landforms, natural resources, weather and climate. I found the text on
natural resources to be very helpful, informative and important for our current economy. The
Culture–Environment Tradition discusses population geography, spatial interaction and culture
geography. During one of the class discussions about population I learned that in just 22 hours the
world population increased by more than 233,000 people. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The weather affects us constantly, whether rain or shine. Tropical storms and hurricanes have been
in the news a lot lately. Since I live on the Gulf of Mexico I have learned that during hurricane
season it is critical to pay attention to the weather and be prepared for a hurricane. I think about how
much more damage would be caused and how many lives could be lost if we didn't have an
understanding of the weather. Even today with resources such as the weather channel and local news
reports we cannot prevent damage to the environment completely. We can however evacuate people
to save lives and build better hurricane resistant buildings in hurricane prone areas. "The National
Hurricane Center is a component of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction."
(nhc.noaa.gov) The National Hurricane Center is a great on–line tool. It has information such as;
local forecast, cyclone forecast, marine forecast, tools, data and information about outreach and
education. It's so detailed that you can even get a list of items needed to be prepared for a hurricane.
"A hurricane begins in a low pressure zone over warm waters, usually in the Northern Hemisphere."
(Introduction to Geography, Getis, page 97) "The central core of the storm that is calm is known as
the eye." (Introduction to Geography, Getis, page 97) "In the western Pacific these storms are
known as typhoons." (Introduction to Geography, Getis, page 97) Thanks to weather research we
now know

What Are the Arguments for and Against the Idea That the...
The world is ever changing and has been that way even before humans dominated Earth. However,
what we are interested in for this topic is in the last few decades where globalization has had an
impact in the early 21st century, making the world "flat". The phrase that the world has become flat
is a metaphor for viewing the world level in terms of commerce and competition, meaning a level
playing field where everyone has an equal opportunity. However, opinions are divided on how much
globalization has actually impacted the world as a whole. Critics argue that Friedman's term "flat" is
grossly exaggerated as his view is from an American perspective. This paper investigates major
arguments for both sides.
Arguments supporting the "flat ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The falling of the Berlin Wall in November 9, 1989 signifies that the world has become a single
space without barriers that prevents or slows down international business (Friedman, 2005). In
addition, countries that had followed the Soviet economic model, including India, China, Russia and
the nations of Eastern Europe, Latin America and Central Asia, began to open up their economies to
the world. This in Friedman's view made countries more integrated and "similar"

Pro And Cons Of Globalization
Within the last few decades technology has been progressing at an extremely rapid rate resulting in
globalization becoming far more relevant in our lives. Whether or not globalization is a beneficial
thing for the world has become a frequently discussed topic in the world today. Globalization is the
increasingly closer integration of countries and peoples of the world brought about by the enormous
reduction of transportation and communication costs and the breakdown of barriers to the flow of
goods, services, capital, and knowledge (Ehrenfeld). Communication costs specifically have gone
down significantly in the recent years making the topic more prominent in daily discussions. There
are many critics of globalization who view it as an evil in our society, but despite the drawbacks that
come with it there are benefits that heavily outweigh them. Globalization has been seen as an issue,
because it has resulted in the outsourcing of many jobs in developed countries. Although it has
resulted in many jobs being outsourced, countries that are still developing now have opportunities
for new jobs (Josephson). New job opportunities in developing countries allows for higher standards
of living, more competition between workers which boosts productivity, and helps people get out of
poverty. From a universal perspective it is a wiser decision to provide jobs to the countries that need
them far more than already developed countries as the jobs being outsourced are manufacturing
jobs. There are many people who cannot support themselves or their families, because they have do
not have a job or any income, because they live in undeveloped countries. In a globalized world jobs
are outsourced to undeveloped countries which allows those who are less fortunate to get a job, and
provide for their family.
Globalization progresses when new innovations such as the internet and the television are
introduced. These innovations allow for the communication of ideas throughout the world so better
ideas can get to more people in a shorter amount of time. During the ancient period when
globalization was not possible good ideas that flourished in certain parts of the globe did not spread
to the rest of the world. If the aspect of

Western Dominance And Its Effects On The Global Economy Essay
Modern history is composed of many false narratives of western dominance coming about as a
result of some type of superiority, whether it was the European thought process, religion, culture, or
even skin color. Western dominance, however, did not come from a place of superiority, but rather a
streak of luck that allowed European countries to begin to colonize the rest of the world, cutting the
world up into a few powerful colonial empires. Although today these colonial empires have
diminished somewhat or entirely, the neoliberal policies and institutions that were put in place in the
nineteen seventies continue to perpetuate the same power and economic inequalities that had been
felt by colonies, on the current global economy. Neoliberalism reinforces the unequal power
relationships through mechanisms that are designed generally to benefit the developed countries of
the global north, while exploiting the cheap resources contained in the global south. The colonial
division of labor was the tool of choice that European power's used to develop their infant industries
to become competitive on the global market. Before the European or western rise to power, China
and India were the dominant forces in global trade, exporting some of the finest products
worldwide. The fall of the Chinese and Indian trade dominance coincided with the rise of European
colonizing. Through the colonial division of labor, European colonizers were able to exploit their
colonies for cheap resources to

Why Is History Such Important?
Why is history such an important subject in schools? There are many answers to this question;
however, one reason stands out in particular. Scholars study history, or the past decisions that lead to
certain events and outcomes in order to recreate or prevent the same outcome from occurring. After
all, history indeed repeats itself, and politics and globalization are no different. Hegemons rise and
fall, crises and wars breakout, political systems build–up and collapse, all in all decisions are made
that will lead future outcomes that dictate not only the domestic landscape but also the international
landscape as well. The modern history of globalization and integration has been tumultuous to say
the least. The international economy has experienced both periods of openness and closeness as well
as periods of calmness and agitation. The world is significantly more integrated today, than it was
one hundred, or even just fifty years ago, however, a dilemma is facing the international political
economy. Developing countries have to decide between further integration into the global economy,
or an isolationist retreat that would separate them from the volatility of globalization. Globalization
and development hinge on the cooperation of both the global north and global south to promote
greater growth and integration into the global economy. The global north has been using the post–
war international organizations and trade rules to their advantage, inadvertently creating

Carl Sauer Research Paper
Carl Sauer was an American geographer from the United States who lived from 1889 to 1975. He
had a German heritage, being the son of two German immigrants. After attending college at
Wesleyan University, he attained his PhD at the University of Chicago. After establishing himself in
the world of geography, he became a geography professor at the University of Michigan and then
later on at the University of California, Berkeley. He had an extremely decorated career. He was
awarded the Honorary Fellowship Award in 1935 and was also awarded the Daly Medal in 1940,
both by the American Geographical Society. Unlike many geographers, Sauer focused in his studies
on rural areas and landscapes, rather than cities and urban landscapes. To go along

Globalization and Immigration
Introduction
Nowadays migration is getting to be one of the dominant characteristics of the modern world since
at the present moment that movement of people and migration of citizens from one country to
another become a norm. Not surprisingly that such unparallel and extremely high level of migration
results in substantial demographic, ethnical and socio–cultural changes in many countries of the
world.
In this respect, it is worthy of mention that such a situation with the migration is the result of the
recent trend in the world economy which is characterized by processes which are generally called
globalization. The process of globalization is overwhelming and involves practically all countries of
the world with rare exceptions which ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Naturally, it resulted in an extreme specialization of countries that makes their economies one–
sided, and consequently more exposed to economic and social crisis.
However, globalization developed international contacts and made it possible to cooperate on the
global scale. As a result, nowadays, basically due to the high level of development of IT and
Internet, specialists physically living in different countries of the world may work on one and the
same product. So, it may be said that globalization "eliminated geographical boundaries between
countries" (Gomory 2002:187).
As for its effects, they are quite contradictive. The contrast is particularly obvious between well–
developed countries and developing ones. In short, its effect may be expressed in one phrase, richer
countries become richer, and poor countries become poorer. Though it sounds a bit radical and more
precisely, it should be said that globalization makes developing countries more dependant on well–
developed and it also makes practically all the countries of the world more submitted to global crisis
since their economies are closely interlinked than a crisis in one country would lead to the same
effect on economies of other countries that are its economic partners. In this respect, migration
seems to be probably the most effective by such a striking contrast that leads to high level of
emigration from developing countries and respectively high level of

Ap Human Geography Research Paper
Geography is rarely a subject regarded with much esteem; even at the collegiate level, geography
seems to slip through the cracks as an important subject. Many people don't consider geography to
be important in their fields, and therefore don't give it much thought–but this is a misconception, a
grave error oft repeated that would detract from anyone's education. What isn't taken into account is
that human geography is not merely cartography–it is the study of the earth, and that includes so
much more than landmasses and boundaries, facts and figures. Geography is relevant in numerous
and assorted settings, from economics to religion.
Nearly all of the aspects of life that may influence one's actions or that one may define their
character by are directly tied to the study of geography. Undisputed is the fact that 84% of the world
is religious (Harper) and that politics are an important part of adult life, but few people realize the
effect that geography has over those things. Even a broad grasp of geography is helpful to
understand various subjects. Additionally, many other professions–indisputably one of the most
important parts of adult life–are ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Unfortunately, many Americans don't have that many opportunities for international travel–to quote
J. Douglas Jr., "whatever evil war brings in its train, it has value in teaching us [Americans]
geography." (Douglas.) As a consequence, pop culture and media are the only real exposure to other
cultures and places that some people have. Generally, these sources embellish and deemphasize
certain features to the point where one's experience living in the country might be completely
different from the perception given. However, geography is–or, at the very least, should–inform on
other countries from a completely factual and objective standpoint, which allows one to increase her
worldview. Few will dispute the importance of understanding other cultures and expanding one's

Economic Differences Of Physical Geography Of India And India
Physical Geography, in many ways impact what humans do. Multiple states do things similarly and
differently because of the physical environment. China and India and Pakistan similarly have a high
population density near rivers and have a higher economy due to their physical location; however,
they contrast because India and Pakistan use bodies of water for politics, while China uses bodies of
water for economic advantages. India similarly has high population rates near rivers to China. The
book states, "various civilizations have grown up along these rivers, such as the Ganges... To this
day the population centers are dotted along their banks" (p184). The book states, " The heartland, as
the North China plain is known, was, and is a large fertile plain with two main rivers and a climate
that allows rice and soybeans to be harvested 2 a season, which encouraged rapid population
growth" (p42). Rivers in both China and India have higher populations near them. Both nations use
the arable land near the rivers for agriculture, thus creating chain migration in those areas. Arable
land typically result in a higher population near them because the effect is chain migration and an
increase in crude birth rates. China and Pakistan use their physical location (where they are located
on a map) to an economic advantage. Prisoners of Geography states, "...the ancient Silk Road, the
land trade bridge from the middle kingdom of the world." (p52). Prisoners of Geography states,
"Another

Does globalization affect negatively on civilizations? The...
Does globalization affect negatively on civilizations? The term globalization means the procedure of
connections and incorporations among individuals, organizations and legislatures of diverse
countries, a methodology determined by global exchange and speculations, and helped by data
innovations. In other words, it is a process of interactions between people, on the basis, that they
live in one planet, regardless the limits and spaces separating them. The term globalization was a
seldom known articulation on where it could just be utilized as part of sparing field. Regrettably, it
has made different negative impacts on specific fields, as a result, in the matter of human health,
public interests, and cultural affairs, globalization turned ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Thus, globalization could lead to the damage of other countries cultures and their local productions
which is another meaning of domination. A closer look at the essence of globalization will indicate
according to (Globerman, 2001), that it leads to immigration fears. One of globalization
disadvantages is that it leads to an increase in illegal migrations from one country to another
because globalization often generates countervailing strengths. For instance, as business developing
and becoming internationalized, the globalization frequently expands its production to developing
countries where labor costs are lower. These movements of jobs, from developed nations to the
developing world, pave the way to certain economic negative factors leading to illegal immigration.
Albaradei (2012) stated that the period of globalization started, this was the beginning of relief for
thousands of people around the world, especially for refugees who live in developing countries and
searching for jobs and better places to live but are facing a lot of obstacles like wars, lack of job
opportunities, or lack of health care. However, this turned out to be against the public interests of
developed countries, because illegal migrants limit the rights for the public by limiting the
availability of free health care, free education, and the abundance of job opportunities. For that,
according to Pew Global Attitudes Project (2007), a large percentage in both developed out

What Does Geography Mean To Me Research Paper
Geography in the 21st century has many different meanings depending on the individual. To me,
however, geography basically means the study of the world. Upon closer inspection, geography has
many unique characteristics that defines it as a scientific subject. Geography has two different
aspects which focuses on different areas such as human geography, which I personally took last
semester, and this geography deals with studying cultures, societies, and economies. The other
geography is physical geography which focuses on the physical landscapes and environment.
Initially, the geography I thought of was physical geography. Geography allows us to be more
knowledgeable about different places around the world, the communities within each place and how
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Teaching this scientific subject relies on using the technology available to us today, such as Google
Earth to explore around the world and virtual reality programs to personally "traverse" to the place
and see it with our own eyes. Exploration is an utmost important aspect of geography and with the
use of today's technologies, exploring is easier to come by. Researchers are able to use Google Earth
to document their findings and attempt to explain what is currently occurring across the Earth as
well as what those occurrences will mean for the future. Similarly, mapping is another important
tool for geography as I have learned in class. Satellite imagery can scan the face of the earth,
producing topographic information that highly goes into depth of, for example, the water levels in
the area or the amount of deforested areas. By using these kinds of information, environmentalists
and other researchers can predict the future outcomes of predicaments and study upon how to
mitigate the hazardous effect from occurring or to simply prevent it from

Globalization And Its Impact On Modern Society
Since the early 1990's, the term globalization has become a bit of a buzzword, prevalent in the
speech of policy makers, popular press, and academic journals. It is used frequently to describe the
.... . Its consistent use has led many people to a certain understanding of it most basic meaning, but
it is an immensely complex concept that can not be truly understood at the top layer of meaning
which is prevalent among general society. There are multiple varying definitions for the
globalization phenomenon.
Many people argue that the process of globalization has contributed to a metaphorical "flattening"
of our world, destroying absolute spatial differentiation. The hyperglobalist economists believe that
we have come to live in a 'global village' society in which is close to the destruction of spatial
differentiation and thus, the study of geography. The idea is that our differences are declining and
our culture is homogenizing. However, this belief relies on the assumption that modern
globalization mechanisms can be considered completely global. It is difficult to refute the argument
that there are currently millions of people who have not seen or been affected by even the most
fundamental advancements and compression that go along with globalization. Looking meticulously
at the "geographical distribution of the causes and effects of...contemporary processes of economic
globalization" shows that there is in fact a clear differentiation of these processes along recognizable
and

Disadvantages Of Globalisation Essay
Introduction Nowadays, people share their ideas and expertise more easily due the revolution of
technology. They became using same Clothes, watching same movies, and reading same books.
Cuisines were before considered as a part of countries' culture, however; variety of Asian, Indian,
Arab, and others cuisines are found now easily and almost everywhere in the western region. That
leads to the term of Globalisation, BBC website defines Globalisation as: "the process by which the
world is becoming increasingly interconnected as a result of massively increased trade and cultural
exchange" (BBC, N.D.). Globalisation have made a dramatic change in our lives, and reflected on
contemporary artwork, population migration, linguistic changes, which ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The world became so interconnected and interdependent, any change in the economy, society or
even policies may reflect not only to the regional countries but beyond that to impact all over the
world. Conflict in one of vital raw materials region such as: oil, coal, or iron will disorder global
markets consistency. Globalisation has meant that risk in one location can spread rapidly to another
part of the globe. Globalisation, Is it good or bad? Globalisation's advantages and disadvantages of
have been a controversial issue for a long time, supporters see that Globalisation could: 1. Offer
cheaper and affordable products, and relieve financial burdens of the poor countries that had before
to subside the vital products, but now alternatives are available. 2. Transfer of technologies, and
knowledge to less developed countries. 3. Exchange culture, goods, and services between countries
from Far East to Far West. 4. Diversify products. 5. Create jobs in poor countries which for example
brought Five Hundred Million Chinese out of poverty in last Twenty five years. () 6. Have added a
substantial increase of foreign direct

The Beginning Of Foreign Aid Essay
Introduction: 1.The beginning of Foreign Aid
All human beings regardless of their background require a set of resources to survive. These are
food, water, shelter and clothing in addition to this, healthcare, education and sanitation are also
essential for a person's wellbeing. In 1949 Truman's Inaugural Address "we must embark on a bold
new program for making the benefits of our scientific advances and industrial progress available for
the improvement and growth of underdeveloped areas" raised awareness of the fundamental belief
that countries that are far more developed should be assisting underdeveloped countries to improve
their living standards. Aid is the giving of money, goods and advice by one country to another. The
principle of giving and supporting others through "foreign aid" blossomed during the 1960's,
technological advances provided opportunities for televised reporting in the United States of
inhumane situations in other "underdeveloped" countries. The idea of tackling poverty took hold
and the UN and Bretton Woods Institutions (originally formed for post–war reconstruction) became
mechanisms for action on development. 2. Why should we help?
After a reading a considerable amount, poverty has consistently been a vocal point of discussion
when addressing critical humanitarian issues such as: famine, drought, crime, population
management and much more. Global organisations have attempted to provide accurate data of
distribution of wealth around the

The Impacts Of Globalization And The Benefits Of...
Globalization is the integration of the worldwide economy in which resources and products move
freely across the globe. Globalization has been present for decades however it has predominantly
become a more frequent process and has potential good and bad effects on the world of business.
Problems can include competition in manufacturing jobs and unemployment in industrialized
countries. However, this can also be beneficial in other situations as globalization gives you a larger
market trade will be cheaper so more countries can import and export goods which can bring in
profits to multi–national corporations.
Globalization can be seen as a major threat for manufacturing jobs in the developed world, however,
can also be a benefit for developing world citizens who receive thousands of jobs a year although
they don't receive a high salary. Maurice Allais, a French economist states that this unemployment,
of course, has only been able to develop because of the existence of low salaries and insufficient
flexibility in the labor market (April 10th, 1999). This indicates that globalization has jeopardized
Western countries jobs because companies are moving their establishments to developing countries
where they don't need to pay employees as much and where land is cheaper so overall businesses
benefit from this. Also, employees in the developed world are at risk of becoming redundant as they
are susceptible to face pay cuts in jobs. Employees are less skilled in the developing world as they
don't receive the benefit of an education like developed countries do. So a company may want to
build factories in these countries because environmental laws aren't as strict. Establishments in these
areas provides promising jobs for the local people and allows them to learn new skills, however they
are set on minimum wage which in developed world countries, this would not be enough to live on,
wherein third world countries this is still a low amount so this is not enough to bring them out of
poverty meaning that the only one who benefits from this is the company. Although there have been
several arguments against exploitation and oppression, the majority of developing countries do not
have existing laws which take minimum wage

Globalisation Has Been more Harmful than Beneficial
Globalisation has become the general phenomenon around the world. It means increasing global
relationships of culture, people, and economic activities. Moreover, the free trade between the
countries is measured due to the implementation of globalization. It is a concept of viewing the
whole world as a 'global village.' But today there is a controversial debate about the topic is
globalization has been more harmful than beneficial and in this essay the argument is in the favour
of the topic about health, environment, and employment.
Globalization has been benefited global health is stated by the proponents of it. Furthermore,
globalization has not only provided the technology and services around the world but also has
increased the per capita income of a small portion of people in the world ; so people can receive
medical treatment easily in their home countries as well due to the movement of professionals such
as, doctors. In contrast, because of globalisation people are moving around the world; consequently,
diseases such as HIV/AIDS, communicable diseases, obesity have become the global threat.
Therefore, Charles Baillie declared that "In Canada 60,000 people were founded as HIV positive
(Lavin Institute, 2008)." However, obesity the global epidemic is the damage of health and money.
In addition, instead of traditional foods, global beverages and fast foods at any place in the world
have raised obesity. For example, according to Sir John Bourn, "approximately more

The Relationship Between Geography, Climate And Economic...
1. Introduction
The purpose of the study is to establish and evaluate the relationship between geography, climate
and economic performance through individual income levels. This has been very vast area of
consideration in the academic community. Therefore, on the basis of extensive literature survey and
previous research analytics on similar disciplines, the scope of the present research would be
conducting a two–stage econometric estimation, mainly regression to compute the relationship at
the municipal level income data per person across a computed set of geographical variables.
Geography and environment has a closer impact on socio–economic development of a region.
Historical data has revealed that geography has some effect on shaping the economic history.
However, the amount of variance is an important consideration. Tropics are varied by broad climatic
zones and economies as well (Torres & Mendez, 2000; 2002, Inter–American Development Bank,
2000). As a result, the research would identify the key geographical and climatic factors from the
national database and analyze its relationship with income per person longitudinal data for a time
period of 1950 to 2014. This paper will analyze this variance to test and interpret the condition of
multicollinearity using a regression analysis, as some geographical factors might be highly
correlated impacting the ultimate results.
1.1 Research Questions
In the overview of understanding the dependency of climatic, geographical and

How Globalization Impact The Effect Of Globalization On...
Effect of globalization on modern business organizations According to Friedman (2000 in Blythe &
Zimmerman, 2005), globalization is the "inexorable integration of markets, nation–states and
technologies to a degree never witnessed before–in a way that is enabling individuals, corporations
and nation states to reach around the world farther, faster, deeper and cheaper than ever before, and
in a way that is enabling the world to reach into individuals corporations and nation–states farther,
faster deeper and cheaper than ever before." Simply put, it is the connectivity of individuals and
institutions across the globe or at least over most of it. Globalization basically ends up in the
assumption that distinctions between national markets square measure attenuation and can
eventually disappear because the world becomes a world village. It's so safe to conclude that
globalization may be a development that's here to remain and in and of itself, managers ought to
create deliberate efforts to watch the worldwide surroundings to change their organizations to adapt
to changes during this surroundings. Many organizations pursue growth strategies in order to
improve their position in the global market place (Usunier & Lee, 2013). While this strategy may
encourage the achievement of success for a few organizations, others fail really as a result of their
inability to spot the distinctive cultures of customers in international markets that successively
influence their individual

Dunning- Theory of International Production
TOWARD AN ECLECTIC THEORY OF INTERNATIONAL PRODUCTION: SOME
EMPIRICAL TESTS JOHN H. DUNNING ' University of Reading I Abstract. This paper first sets
out the main features of the eclectic theory of international production and then seeks to evaluate its
significance of ownership– and location–specific variables in explaining the industrial pattern and
geographical distribution of the sales of U S . affiliates in fourteen manufacturing industries in seven
countries in 1970. e lr !. V t ; 3 ; H There is now a consensus of opinion that the propensity of an
enterprise to iNTRoDucTtoN engage in international production–that financed by foreign direct
investmentThe Underlying rests on three main determinants: first, the ... Show more content on
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Such ownership–specific inputs may take the form of a legally protected rightpatents, brand names,
trade marks–or of a commercial monopoly–the acquisition of a particular raw material essential to
the production of the product–or of exclusive control over particular market outlets; or they may
arise from the size or technical characteristics of firms–economies of large–scale production and
surplus entrepreneurial capacity. It should be observed that these ownership advantages are not
exclusive either to international or multinational firms. Some are applicable to all firms producing in
the same location; others are those which a branch plant of an existing enterprise may enjoy over a
de n o w enterprise of the same n a t i ~ n a l i t y But, because they operate in different location.~
specific environments, multinational firms may also derive additional ownership advantages–such
as, their ability to engage in international transfer pricing, to shift liquid assets between currency
areas to take advantage of (or protect against) exchange fluctuations, to reduce risks by diversifying
their investment portfolios [Rugman 19791, to reduce the impact of strikes or industrial unrest in
one country by operating parallel production capacity in another and by engaging international
product or process specialization [Dunning 19771. The essential feature about these second types of
inputs is that, although their origin may be linked to location–specific

Where We Stand : Class Matters
Globalization is a series of processes which lead to the increasing interconnectivity and mutual
dependence of nations and their peoples. In 2002, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) released a
report outlining four main aspects of globalization, they are as follows: trade, capital movement,
movement of people, and the spread of knowledge and technology (IMF 2002). For the sake of this
paper I will treat the first two categories of this model as one, due to their similar nature, and also
because capital is a medium which facilitates trade. But do these exchanges occur in a benevolent
manner across all borders? In this paper, I will examine the three locomotive aspects of
globalization and argue that they this locomotion is not mutually ... Show more content on
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Historically, these institutions were those which facilitated commerce (ie, roads, airports, and
similar hubs), and contemporarily these institutions would be those which expedite the movement of
goods, people, and ideas (Yotopoulos, 2007). This system of economic exploitation is the direct
precursor to what hooks describes as the model of "U.S. imperialist economic domination" (hooks,
92).
The first locomotive aspect of contemporary globalization, offered by the IMF, is the movement of
capital. The economies of nations have become increasingly interlinked due to the free flow of
capital, and semi–unrestricted global trade via a reduction in protectionist measures (birdsall 2003).
However, this movement of capital occurs in a highly asymmetric fashion across international
borders. The post–colonial reality of countries of the Global South, which saw their resources
plundered, has a profound effect on the ability of these countries to freely engage with and benefit
from globalization in the same way as countries of the Global North. The wealth accumulated by
highly industrialized nations from historical imperialism, has allowed them to produce a wealth of
institutions which in–turn creates a reputation of stability and reliability for them. These institutions
and reputation allow them to benefit

Geography: Effects Of Immigration Since 1921, The United...
1. What is geography?
Geography is a branch of science that study the earth's physical properties and the humans that live
on it. These physical features include landforms, water, mountains, etc. Geography has been called a
multidisciplinary discipline because it crosses into other areas of study such as geology, sociology,
psychology, meteorology, biology, and so forth.
i. In what way is it a discipline unto itself? What is the focus of geography; what makes it a unique
field of study?
Geography is a discipline unto itself because there are a wide variety of subject that it discusses. All
these fall under the two main branches of geography, which is physical and human geography. It is
because of these branches that Geography can cross into ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Some demographers believe that the demographic transition will happen to countries everywhere.
With urbanization and modernization, they claim rates of natural increase will naturally fall. This is
needed most, of course, in much of Asia, Africa, and Latin America where there is great poverty and
rapid population growth. Most of the developed world has gone through the transition, and
population in the wealthier countries is nearly stable. Detractors of this argument point out that
those poorer countries today are very different from the wealthy ones during their early stages of
economic growth. They also say the political and economic environment today also work to the
disadvantage of the poor

Globalization And Globalization
More than half percent of world's population are women, and women play a very important role in
our society. They are usually the most exploited and the primary caregivers to their families. Back in
the old days, a woman who has a career was unheard of. In worldwide, a woman's job was taking
care of her family. They were expected to stay home, take care of the children and let their husband
be the breadwinner. However, globalization has had a dramatic effect and "has greatly improved the
lives of women worldwide, particularly the lives of those women in the developing world" (Buchok
2015). In fact, globalization has contradictory effects on women in many different areas of life,
including education, employment, health, and civil rights. It particularly has created a tremendous
impact on women in the workplace in developing nations within the past two decades. Globalization
has changed the traditional women's roles in labor force. The traditional employment roles for
women in developing nations are "formal labor, housework, and informal–sector production" (Ward
2). Female labor is an extension of their household chores in developing nations. Most women are
engaged in housework, agriculture, or in the informal sector–– jobs that are performed in exchange
for something other than money. Those women who work in the informal sector and in the house,
are usually struggled with the unpaid works. There is only a fraction of women who work outside of
the house and earn wages.

Which Comes First Geography Or Politics
John Van Den Anker
Essay Question #2
Geography or Politics: Which Comes First?
On a November 6th meeting with Japanese Prime Minister Abe, the United States President Donald
Trump mentioned that he "never knew we had so many countries" before he became president of the
U.S. This humorous display of obliviousness serves as a public continuation of the United States'
proud neglect of geography outside its borders resulting from the lack of geography in public
education. U.S. students show mediocre performance in international math, science, and reading
tests; however, videos and articles describing episodes where U.S. citizens demonstrate an astute
lack of geographical knowledge populate global media. This phenomenon accentuates the negative
foreign perception of the U.S.' self–centeredness and ignorance. Contrasting the U.S. approach,
Russian educators and policymakers believe that geography is a vital part of education. In 2017,
Putin created a day honoring geography teachers and has stated that geography is the foundation
upon which patriotism can be fostered. , Overall, the Russian educational system produces slightly
lower test scores in science and reading than the U.S.; however, in math, scores are significantly
better. Given the educational issues in both countries, the stark contrast between the approach of
Trump and Putin to geography shows that the U.S. and Russia see geography at different levels of
importance in the educational systems of their respective

Summary Of Harm De Blij's Why Geography Matters
Harm de Blij's book, Why Geography Matters poses a central theme, which I have heard discussed
multiple times. Blij argues that the American public is the most geographically illiterate society in
the world. Blij blames this decline with the poorly formulated curricula in the American school
systems, which ultimately originates from Washington D.C. and the people that run this country. If I
had never seen this central theme in action in a classroom I would have been dumbfounded. In one
short paragraph Blij summarized how America's illiteracy began, which this then becomes the
central theme of his book that relates to the educational field. Blij writes that professional educators
took control of the system and combined the subjects of history, ... Show more content on
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As every day passes China grows stronger in every aspect and eventually they will be knocking on
America's doorstep in each of those categories. Economically, China is closing rapidly, but even the
sleeping giant as Napoleon Bonaparte called it, has its limits. To be blunt, China is resource hungry
and who knows what their country will do next. With the level of nationalism that their people have,
China could go in multiple directions. For example, let us look at both China attempting to exert
control over the South China Sea and also with the Senkaku Islands. Both of these areas are
becoming more and more hostile, which ultimately could lead to deadly military engagements. With
that being said, Blij also proposes an argument that I have been pondering for a while and that is a
potential cold war between the U.S.A. and China. On the outside it seems as if there is a potential
collision course to that conclusion. However, Blij does offer an interesting solution to this
possibility and it is one that I believe should be the strongest takeaway. Blij suggests that trade,
scientific, cultural and educational links and exchanges can be the solution to this issue. After all,
China is responsible for many of the essential aspects to our life. Therefore, the least we as
Americans can do is learn the various geographical aspects that encircle

The Negative Impacts Of Globalization
The Negative Impacts of Globalization
Across the world, globalization is one of the most significant aspects that has occurred over the last
fifty years. It allows a country to integrate economically with other countries through a global
network comprised of people, trade, and transportation. With the global landscape only becoming
more intertwined, globalization and its inherent pros and cons seem to be here to stay. In many
areas, global powers tend to lack in rectifying the negative aspects and only focus on the positive
side. America, for example, is a leader in the globalization efforts, even though it has greatly
effected job opportunities at home, widening income gaps, and an increased standard of living due
to fluctuating world markets.
America has been involved in globalization since before its conception as colonist relied heavily on
trade. Osland states that even, "during the 15th century, voyages were made by explorers who were
funded by the European monarchs to seek new trade routes" (Osland 137). The colonist eventually
began trading with natives as they bartered for spices and treasures in exchange for anything that the
natives deemed of use. Eventually, trade companies were established to control the flow of more
products and it only expanded from there. After World War 2, world banks were created to help with
the post war clean up and the global markets began to gain power as trade became a priority for
most countries.
A major globalization agenda is to

Globilization and the World Economy Essay
Globilization and the World Economy
Globalisation in general means the effort of a company moving into other territories (outside the
national boarders of a country) to sell its goods and services to increase profits as a result of
expansion. Globalisation incorporates both opportunities and risks which change the way businesses
are managed worldwide. It brings about a well–diversified portfolio for such a company. This is
because the company is guarding itself from huge losses in case of economic uncertainty.
Significant gain in one company can cover for the losses made in another company. By this, the
globalise company would experience constant cost pressure which entice them to continuously ...
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It means that they can have access to increase efficiency of foreign investment; this was one of the
reasons why General Motors recently spent $750 million to build a Buick assembly plant in China (
Roston & Fonda, 2002).
Globalisation also helps to increase the national income of the countries under discussion. This is
because; when the foreign countries enter the territory, they bring in foreign currency which in a
way helps to boom the economy. More so, workers; both local and foreign gets the opportunity to
work for such a company. These workers pay taxes to the government which intern increases the
national income (Roston & Fonda, 2002). The foreign workers also pay a lot of money to just to
acquire the permit to work in the country. Hence the gross domestic would increase and the country
would be seen in the international setting as an up–and–coming country (Ghosh, 2001). This can
help attract other companies into the country and the country can also be able to easily borrow funds
from the international monetary funds (IMF) if needs be.
Foreign direct investment (FDI) is a main advantage of globalization affecting the world economy.
When a company goes global, it will make

The Contributions Of The Enlightenment Era ( 1685-1815?
Enlightenment era (1685–1815)
The creation of a world market led to the Europeans busying to consolidate their power in all
directions, this resulted in the thirty years. The British had committed regicide, as well as fighting in
the Anglo–Dutch wars which arose out of commercial rivalry. Arising amongst the turmoil,
geography underwent a "Scientific Revolution" (Hefferman, 2009, pp.05). Cartography and
navigational skills led to researchers to explore further, which led to scientific discoveries and
conscious data gathering. In this period, you could perhaps say the interests of a naturalist and a
navigator were one, as see with the likes of Linnaeus and his new classification system. This
scientific revolution led to new methodologies, language, instruments which all had an influence on
geographical traditions. This was a truly significant change, since before expeditions were powered
by imperial zealotry tinged with evangelic instincts (Livingstone, 1996). The achievements of this
era are well documented, for example William Dampier (1651–1715) was the first Englishman to
scientifically examine the west and northwest parts of Australia. This was significant as it was the
first voyage by the British for pure scientific exploration (Crone, 1964). Then in 1769, James Cook
(1728–90) transformed circumnavigation from, hit and miss, to well–masterminded expeditions. He
opened the south hemisphere for exploitation as these explorations entwined with commercial
backing and

Analysis Of Postcolonial Politics Of Academic Writing
Politics of data collection and presentation being the topic for this week has readings covering
Noxolo (2009), Jazeel & Colin (2009) and Nagar (2012). What these authors have in common is
that, they are all feminist geographers. Generally, Noxolo (1999) tries to answer a question posed in
her article titled my paper, my paper: reflections on the embodies production of postcolonial
geographical responsibility in academic writing, what are the responsibilities of as a postcolonial
geographical writer? And in her attempt to answer that, Noxolo refers to three extracts from her
texts in her journey to becoming an academic. Jazeel & McFarlane (2009) in their article titled the
limits of responsibility: a postcolonial politics of academic ... Show more content on
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One remarkable observation from her first extract is when Noxolo (2009) opines that "Ghanaians
make it very clear, though not in an unfriendly way, that this is not your home, not permanently
anyway... I have always taken the unity of all Black people as self–evident but I have found it
disturbing sometimes that on the whole Ghanaians do not" (p.58). Personally, I got amazed to read
this because a Ghanaian myself, we as a country in Africa is one of the few countries that has
enviable track record of political stability with its attendant hospitality, sociability and free society.
Noxolo being black like Ghanaians themselves to depict Ghanaians in such light is worrisome
because even whites are accorded the same hospitality and how much same black colour as Noxolo.
For me this brings back to multiple identities that a researcher has to struggle with, and coupled with
the inherent power relation between Noxolo and the community in which she found herself. Noxolo
also examines materiality in her work. According to her and regarding postcolonial geography, at
least three distinguishable ways of understanding matter is identified. These she labels as the "lived
realities of economic inequality, in terms of the material production of power and in terms of
tangible aspects of cultural and geographical practice" (Noxolo, 2009, 60).
Jazeel & McFarlane (2009) in their article titled – the limits of responsibility: a postcolonial politics
of

Essay On Advantages And Disadvantages Of Globalisation
Introduction Nowadays, people share their ideas and expertise more easily due the revolution of
technology. They became using same Clothes, watching same movies, and reading same books.
Cuisines were before considered as a part of countries' culture, however; variety of Asian, Indian,
Arab, and others cuisines are found now easily and almost everywhere in the western region. That
leads to the term of Globalisation, BBC website defines Globalisation as: "the process by which the
world is becoming increasingly interconnected as a result of massively increased trade and cultural
exchange" (BBC, N.D.). Globalisation have made a dramatic change in our lives, and reflected on
contemporary artwork, population migration, linguistic changes, which ... Show more content on
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The world became so interconnected and interdependent, any change in the economy, society or
even policies may reflect not only to the regional countries but beyond that to impact all over the
world. Conflict in one of vital raw materials region such as: oil, coal, or iron will disorder global
markets consistency. Globalisation has meant that risk in one location can spread rapidly to another
part of the globe. Globalisation, Is it good or bad? Globalisation's advantages and disadvantages of
have been a controversial issue for a long time, supporters see that Globalisation could: 1. Offer
cheaper and affordable products, and relieve financial burdens of the poor countries that had before
to subside the vital products, but now alternatives are available. 2. Transfer of technologies, and
knowledge to less developed countries. 3. Exchange culture, goods, and services between countries
from Far East to Far West. 4. Diversify products. 5. Create jobs in poor countries which for example
brought Five Hundred Million Chinese out of poverty in last Twenty five years. () 6. Have added a
substantial increase of foreign direct

Problems Associated With Geography And Economic...
Do you agree that twentieth century divergence in economic development across countries was
largely the result of geographic factors?
The traditional view associated with geography and economic development across countries is that
distance has played a huge role in creating disparities in terms of location . However, this
interpretation is questioned by some who note that the failure of developing economies can be
attributed to the persistent problem of institutional failure, which prevents individuals and the
economy as a whole from growing. Although this warrants a possible claim, ultimately it should be
noted that the failure and inadequacy of institutions in LDCs compared to MEDCs can still be traced
to geography. Hence, I believe that twentieth century divergence in economic development across
countries was largely the result of geographic factors.
Distance determines the level of access that people have to export markets and the access that
suppliers have to domestic markets . Greater access to exports gives the ability for a population to
experience a variety of different goods and services, which in turn enhances their welfare. By the
same notion a population with limited access to export markets are more liable to experience lower
levels of choice between what goods and services to purchase. The implication is that if suppliers
are unable to easily access a particular economy, factors of production may be unable to be
substituted for cheaper alternatives. This

The Impact Of Geography On The Economic Growth Of The West
Geography played a key role in the economic growth of the West. Europe had always been
politically fragmented due to its geography. There were no enormous plains or broad rivers. The
landscape was mountain ranges, large forests and the population was centered in the valleys. This
made it hard to gain control of and encouraged growth and the continued existence of decentralized
power. Even though Europe had previously experienced steady growth, it soon gave way to famine
and plagues. The Black Plague encouraged a radical transformation of the economy. Europe was
neither the most fertile nor the most populous area in the world. However, due to the decrease in
population, land became more plentiful and labor more expensive. Urban ... Show more content on
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Water transport of these goods was so much more economical and being surrounded by water led to
their industry of ship building. Since there was no government authority that could control this
commercial development it thrived. The evolution of new and lethal weapons like the musket and
cannon facilitated the expansion on both land and sea and as a result the arms race began. "The
impact of the gunpowder revolution at sea was even more wide–ranging" (Kennedy, 1987). This
influenced and helped advance the future of maritime development. The development of long–range
armed ships advanced Europe's ability to control the oceanic trade routes. Even though "the
revolution in military technology ....had implications for the organization and capital costs of
warfare" (Tracy, 1991), the profits and benefits from this expansion were vast. They were able to
procure gold, silver, and spices. Being able to access the Newfoundland fisheries brought about an
abundance of food and oils. Employment to facilitate bulk trade helped to boost the economy. Ship
building stimulated the economy and brought about the need for craftsmen, dealers, and suppliers,
as well as insurers. Gold and silver were used to purchase spices and silks and timber was used to
purchase iron guns from England. These economic advances coupled with technological advances
interacted to drive the rise of Western Europe. Even though China had been disrupted by Mongols
and the

Economic Globalization And The Global Economy
It is usual today to hear of economic globalization referred to as an immensely valuable and modern
process. The implication is that, as nations more fully engage in interactive trade and financial
cooperation, benefits accrue to virtually all as the markets inevitably expand. Importantly connected
to such a viewpoint is the perception that the expansion of the global economy must produce
desirable results for those nations in various stages of development; in plain terms, the interaction
on the global scale must both infuse such countries with capital and significantly promote the
internal growth necessary for them to engage more fully in the international currents of finance. To
some extent, there is validity to this; global integration does encourage accelerated development,
and particularly in regard to trade. At the same time, there is as yet no conclusive evidence that the
integration of developing countries into the global economy uniformly produces benefits for those
countries. The research thus far indicates that individual national variables, as will be discussed, are
critical factors, and that trade openness may be more advantageous than financial openness (Presad
et al 8). As the following will investigate and affirm, the unique characters of developing nations
themselves potently affect how integration into international markets goes to their further
development. Ultimately, while such integration is seen to yield important benefits to the countries

"The benefits of globalization outweigh its cost." How far...
The term "globalization" is defined as "growing economic interdependence of countries worldwide
through increasing volume and variety of cross–border transactions in goods and services, free
international capital flows, and more rapid and widespread diffusion of technology. All definitions
appear to agree that globalization has economic, political, cultural, and technological aspects that
may be closely intertwined" by the International Monetary Fund . "Benefits" is defined as
"advantage or profit" and "cost" is defined as the "effort or loss necessary to achieve something" by
the Oxford dictionary of Current English.
We agree to a large extent to the statement, "The benefits of globalization outweigh its cost." Even
though there are some ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Although many may not pay attention to this aspect, but nowadays, as the Earth is getting more and
more polluted, people also start to pay more emphasis on protecting the Earth. Globalization have
indeed improved communications and raised the awareness of everyone around the world.
Contrastively, globalization itself has great damage to the environment. Due to developed countries
going into developing countries to exploit their resources, the natural resources is depleting at a
rapid speed, yet we are still not doing enough to stop it. As there are strict laws regarding the
environment in developed countries, these companies turn their eyes onto developing countries
whose environmental laws are more relaxed in comparison. As these developing countries also want
to earn revenue and income that these companies bring, they open the door to them, but destroying
Mother Earth at the same time.
Thirdly, globalization has also effects on human socially, in their cultural and way of thinking. As
countries always need to corporate with each other when they do some investment or business
together, as neighbors engage in communication to determine their shared goals, and how they wish
to live. Therefore globalization allows humanity to work together as a team towards noble goals
rather than as individuals grasping to meet their own needs. Countries can bond to each others more
closely. This way, interacting between different races and religion facilitates and we can understand

What is geography? Author Alastair Bonnett attempts to...
What is geography? Author Alastair Bonnett attempts to answer this question in the book titled the
same. He states that geography is a "human enterprise...[that] is an attempt to find and impose
order."1 He explores the many facets of geography that include history, political power, climate, and
the humans that live throughout the world. The first two chapters explain in more detail about how
geography is knowing the world through both political order and nature. The first chapter of
Bonnett's What is Geography? explores geography through order and power. Bonnett asserts that
humans have a "consistent desire to order their world."2 This order accomplishes two things: it
allows humans to find meaning in the world and helps to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
They relied on an understanding of the land to further their own economic aspirations. A nation that
knows that maps are "a supremely practical tool"7 benefit immensely. An understanding of
geography allows for a civilization to know exactly how, what, where, and when it is best for trade
and excavation of resources. Bonnett finishes the first chapter by exploring a modern dilemma in
geography. He believes that geography is used to explain not only the world, but also people.
Unfortunately, explaining people can sometimes turn to racism and prejudice. In Africa, for
example, European explorers began interacting with traders and other native people. Europeans saw
the lack of tools, weapons, and western philosophy and science as "tangible means of distinguishing
civilized peoples from savages and barbarians."8 These early observations were the beginning of
hundreds of years of racist thought and study into supporting this supremacist beliefs that expanded
globally. Bonnett balances this by reassuring his reader that modern geography has many examples
that show more understanding of the world and the people in it. Chapter two focuses on a second
important area of geography. Nature has profound impact on human development. Bonnett draws
upon the idea of Jared Diamond that "environment molds history."9 This idea of environmental
determinism is a powerful notion. Throughout history, humans evolve and change with the world,
The environment and physical

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