Psychosocial Development

Psychosocial Development
Stage one is called trust versus mistrust and ranges in ages from 0 to 2. Erikson believed that this
stage is centered around the following question; " is the world safe and predictable or dangerous and
chaotic?". Erikson believed that during the first couple years of an infant's life it is important for the
infant to learn that caregivers can be trusted to provide what the infant needs. This helps the child to
develop a sense that the world is trustworthy. If there was a scenario where the child was not
properly taken care of in the first couple years then the child may develop a form of mistrust and the
world may seem unpredictable and the people who are supposed to love and care for the child may
be undependable. When this stage is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
During the third stage it is important for the children to make judgement and start planning their
actions. Children will also start to asert more power to the world around them. During this stage the
caregiver should encourage the child to explore and begin making important decisions. The children
that are successful at this stage, merge with a sense of initiative. But the children that are not
successful may merge with a sense of guilt. A positive example would be my husband. He has a lot
of initiative and his mother told me when he was four he wanted to do and try everything himself. A
negative example would be my brother. He refused to try at anything. He always says it's too hard
for him and that he needs help. He never wants to play with anyone or if he does he has to be the
one to pick the game. He does have a huge imagination though. Stage 4 is ranged from ages 5 to 12
and has the main question asked " How can I be good?". Erickson considers this stage industry vs.
inferiority. During this stage children focus on developing a sense of competence (the ability to do
something successfully). As children mature they are able to tackle more complex tasks. They also
become interested in becoming masterful and accomplished. They show interest in learning new
things. You should praise children for their accomplishments. Because of praising children will
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory of Development Report
The psychosocial theory of development was formulised by the German psychoanalyst Erik
Erikson. His theory considers the impact of external factors, parents, and the society, on personality
development from childhood to adulthood (Candida, 2010, p. 51). According to Erikson's theory,
every person must pass through a series of eight interconnected stages (split into general age ranges)
over their entire life cycle.
In this assignment, I will discuss these eight stages of development and how Erikson's theory is
similar to my own life. Furthermore, I will address how defining moments in the first stages
influenced my adolescence and identity. The first of Erikson's eight stages of development is infancy
(0 to 12 months). During this ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
During this stage, teenagers feel they need to develop a sense of personal identity. Success in this
leads to an ability to stay true to who they are, while failure results in role confusion and weak sense
of their role in the world (AllPsych, 2009, ¶ 6).
During the first part of my adolescence, I was extremely shy with a very low self–esteem. Even
though I had moved schools since the last stage, I still felt as though I didn't fit in or have many true
friends. I found it really tough to find my identity and went through the first three years depressed. I
believe that it was the events that I experienced in the previous stage which influenced that person I
was during the first few years of adolescence.
It was only in the last couple years of high school when I became more confident in myself and who
I was. I achieved a sense of identity by developing close relationships with the young adults at my
church.
The next stage of Erikson's theory is young adulthood (18 to 35 years). Once we enter into this stage
we start to search for someone we can begin to share ourselves with more intimately. However, if
this does not happen, isolation and distance from others may occur (AllPsych, 2009, ¶ 7).
I am currently less than two months away from turning 18 and am therefore just entering into this
stage of life. Currently, I am in a relationship with a guy from my young adults group at church
named Daniel. We have dating for a

Erik Erikson 's Psychosocial Stages
Erikson 's Psychosocial Stages Erik Erikson discussed psychosocial stages, his theory however was
predicated upon Sigmund Freud 's theory of psychosexual stages. According to Erikson, the ego
develops as it prosperously resolves crises that are distinctly gregarious in nature. These involve
establishing a sense of confide in others, developing a sense of identity in society, and availing the
next generation prepare for the future. Erikson proposed a lifespan model of developing , taking in
five stages up to the age of 18 old age and three further levels beyond, well into adulthood. Erikson
suggests that there is still plenty of room for continued emergence and development throughout
one's life. Erikson put a great mountain of stress on the adolescent time period , feeling it was a
crucial stage for developing a person's identity. The outcome of this 'maturation timetable ' is a wide
and integrated set of life skills and abilities that function together within the autonomous individual.
However, instead of focusing on sexual development (like Freud), he was interested in how children
socialize and how this affects their sense of self. Psychosocial Stages Erikson's (1959) theory of
psychosocial development has eight distinct stages. 1. Trust vs. Mistrust Erikson 's first psychosocial
crisis occurs during the first year of life, during this stage the infant is uncertain about the world in
which they live. To resolution these feelings of uncertainty the baby looks towards

Erikson's Psychosocial Stages Of Development
The middle adulthood stage of development is from about forty years of age until about sixty five
years of age. At this stage, the typical person has found their desired career path, a relationship
worth settling down with, and their piece of the bigger picture. Being successful and giving back to
the community is important during this time frame. According to Erikson's psychosocial stages of
human development, this is the point in life where the question is generativity or stagnation.
Generativity is reached if a person feels that they are successful and doing a good service for the rest
of the world, but if the feeling of failure in these areas arises stagnation, inactivity, is reached. Both
generativity and stagnation are developed mainly ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Because of this decrease, bone diseases like osteoporosis, osteopenia, and arthritis. Osteoporosis is
when the bones become more brittle, the mass decreases which makes bones more likely to break.
Osteoporosis is more common in women but increases the likeliness the older the body is for both
men and women. "As many as half of all women and a quarter of men older than 50 will break a
bone due to osteoporosis" ("Osteoporosis: MedlinePlus."). Osteopenia is the same as osteoporosis in
the sense that the bones become brittle and bones are more likely to break and the mass decreases,
but not as much of the mass as osteoporosis. Osteopenia is "low bone mass that is not low enough to
be osteoporosis" ("Osteoporosis: MedlinePlus."). "Bone mass or density is lost as people age,
especially in women after menopause" ("Osteoporosis: MedlinePlus."). Arthritis is a condition that
generally affects the bone and tissues surrounding the bone. There are two main types of arthritis:
osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Osteoarthritis is aging in any joint on the body. When the
bones in a joint are worn down, they begin to rub against each other. The rubbing from the two
bones in a joint is what causes the severe pain and inflammation. Rheumatoid arthritis involves
many joints mainly in the wrists, fingers, thumbs, elbows, feet, ankles, and knees. When the lining
of the joints diminishes, pain and stiffness make mobility hard on the

Analyzing Erikson's Psychosocial Development Theory
Eric Erikson was one of the most remarkable theorists of the twentieth century. One of his famous
theory is the psychosocial development theory. This theory comes in different stages as part of
human development. The first stage of Erikson's psychosocial development is the trust vs mistrust
stage which occurs from birth to 12 months old. Erikson proposed that "infants learn about the basic
trustworthiness of their environment from their caregivers" (Dunn & Craig, 2013, p.14). This is the
stage where newborns and infants long for the affection of their maternal needs and touch. My
parents and I were talking about how I was when I was a newborn until my early childhood. I asked
them whether I was breastfed or by bottle, they told me that I was fed by bottle because my mom
didn't really like the feeling of breastfeeding. I had to adapt to the situation of not having my mom's
touch ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Erikson mentioned that "intimacy involves more than sexual intimacy. It is the ability for an
individual to share oneself with another person of either sex without fear of losing personal identity"
(Dunn & Craig, 2013, p.14). This stage is usually from between 18 to 40 years old. This is the stage
where I am currently on right now. I'm still trying to find different similarities with other friends of
mine. I've had relationships before but it was all short term relationships. I've never had a long term
relationship or any real intimate relationship due to the fact that I've never found the right person
yet. The stages that Erikson proposed for psychosocial development is a very good technique on
guiding the conflict that different stages of human development. Although it only covers a minimal
aspect of the development like certain attitude of the individual towards other people and the overall
outlook in life. Also Erikson built this theory based on his normal experiences and not really based
on scientific

Erikson's Eight Stages Of Psychosocial Development
Erik Erikson came up with eight stages of psychosocial development. These eight stages are stages
that one passes through from infancy to late adulthood and is characterized by a psychosocial crisis
of two conflicting forces. It is known that Erik Erikson's fifth and sixth stages are the two of the
highest hurdles to jump in life. The fifth stage occurs during adolescence and its psychosocial crisis
is identity vs. role confusion. The sixth stage occurs in early adulthood and contains the
psychosocial crisis of intimacy vs. isolation. The fifth stage is definitely a hard hurdle to overcome
because it is hard to determine who you are. It is arduous especially during high school when you
have people judging you since you aren't following what is considered to be normal and once you
know who you are, it's harder to identify who you can be. The fifth stage also is hard because during
high school everyone is put under the pressure to maintain good grades for college so you can
become whatever you want to be. However, even determining what you want to be for the rest of ...
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For example, one may not want to deal with relationships due to rejection, prior experiences with
them, or simply enjoying the freedom that comes with being out of a relationship. However, these
days most people do not enjoy being out of a relationship because they're afraid to be alone, don't
want to be alone, or just to pass time which are all immature reasons. Therefore, I believe that it is
hard to jump over this hurdle just in high school alone. This hurdle is more approachable once you
graduate college or about that same time frame. Jumping into relationships is tricky because there is
always emotional aspects that we have to consider. Such as what if it doesn't work out, or a tragedy
happens. Therefore, I believe that this stage is better off the years after high school and not during
high

Analyzing Erikson's Psychosocial Development Theory
Erikson was a theorist who focused on his theory for psychosocial development. The article
Psychosocial Identity Development Theories, highlights the keys points and idea of Erikson's
psychosocial theory. Erikson was very focused on the idea of ego identity and obtaining full
potential. His theory or "model" stats that, "identity formation is based on overcoming conflicts that
individuals encounter during adolescent and early childhood."(Karkouti, 2014, p.257) He believed
that all people must endure certain conflicts in their lives, and then overcome them in order to obtain
their ego identity. The idea of psychosocial development is focused on social conflicts, and
environmental factors. In the psychosocial model that Erikson created, it places people into eight
stages. In order for someone to move on to the next stage, they must first overcome the conflict
presented to them in the stage that they are in. A well–established identity will get stronger the more
that conflict is successfully resolved. The eight stages are basic trust versus mistrust, autonomy
versus shame and doubt, initiative verses guilt, industry versus inferiority, identity versus identity
diffusion, intimacy versus isolation, generativity versus stagnation, and ego integrity versus despair.
In this article, it not only focuses on the main idea for psychosocial development, but it continues by
then saying that the theory has two criticisms, "stages are descriptive and they are difficult to be
empirically

Analyzing Erikson's Stages Of Psychosocial Development
Erik Erikson's identification of the several stages of psychosocial development is a brilliant theory.
He acknowledged the significance of the unconscious mind and early childhood, as well as,
furthered his studies and developed his own ideas. It provides a good base of knowledge for
understanding what conflicts individuals may be facing at their particular developmental levels. This
involves developing a sense of trust in others, a sense of identity in society, and assisting the next
generation for the future. The Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial stages of development accuracy
can perhaps be demonstrated when reflected to one's life's span. I was surprised by the accuracy of
the stages when reflected to my own, especially my current stage which is Erikson's sixth stage
(young adulthood, 20 to 39 years old) Intimacy vs Isolation. In this stage, the most important factor
is intimate relationships. I can strongly relate to Erikson's theory of this stage where he asserts, it is
not the quantity, but the quality of the relationships that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I have been in one intimate relationship my entire life until it came to an end few years ago. My
relationship started in my early 20's considerably being my first experience at love, it was beautiful
at the beginning. Especially that I have been desiring it for a while. Unfortunately, after it ended it
came as a shock to me; I believe we were both maturing at a difference pace which lead to many
difficulties in the relationship. The mutual satisfaction decreased and this cruel conclusion might
have affected my sense of identity and so I retreated to isolation. I fear commitment or any intimate
relationship due to my past relationship. Nonetheless, I am a work in progress discovering myself as
an individual rather than as a pair. My friends has become rather strangers and I share deep
connections only with few of my

Psychosocial Stages In Antwone Fisher
The movie, Antwone Fisher, is a biography based off a real person named Antwone Fisher. It
follows the problems he lived through in his life. In the movie, Antwone goes through Erikson's
Psychosocial stages and solves many of the problems he had when growing up. Erik Erikson's
stages of Psychosocial Development is a theory that says every individual goes through eight stages
throughout their life as they get older. He states that every person has a crisis in each stage and the
outcome of each stage shapes how one is and how one will be for the rest of their lives. The first
stage is trust versus mistrust which occurs from birth to 1.5 years–old. If an infant successfully
develops trust, he or she feels safe and secure. On the other hand, a child who fails to develop trust
will feel afraid and that the world is unpredictable all their life. It is clear that Antwone gained
mistrust because he was born in a prison and probably was not properly cared for. His father was
never around him because he died before he was born. An example of Antwone showing mistrust
later in his life is in the beginning of the movie. A white guy who was in the navy with ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is during the ages 18 to 40 (early adulthood). This stage deals with forming personal relationships
and feeling loved. Successful relationships are one that are enduring and secure. Having a strong
sense of self identity is important for developing intimate relationships according to Erickson.
People in less committed relationships are more likely to suffer emotional isolation, loneliness, and
depression. At first, Antwone is isolated. He was 25 and had never been in a relationship before and
was still a virgin. This is because he was traumatized as a child when he got raped by Nadine at the
age of six and he was still finding who he was. By the end, he was in a happy relationship with
Cheryl, who he was committed to, and he was no longer a

8 Stages of Psychosocial Dilemmas
In Dr. Eric Erikson's 8 Stages of Psychosocial Dilemmas he stated that conflict between personal
impulse and the social world. Erikson also believed that a sense of competence also motivates
behaviors and actions. Each stage in Erikson's theory is concerned with becoming competent in an
area of life. If the stage is handled well, the person will feel a sense of mastery. Being able to master
the dilemma during each stages of Erikson's psychosocial development creates a sense of success
and well development accomplishment. Being able to strive for a healthy growth and future
endeavors in later stages. On the contrary if you are unable to fully develop in the early stages will
make it harder to deal with later stages. Erikson's 8 Stages of ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Through social interactions, children begin to develop a sense of pride in their accomplishments and
abilities. During the industry versus inferiority the children begin to perform complex task and upon
completion the child feels empowered and a sense of accomplishment which gives him confidence
to try even more grueling intricate tasks. While on the contrary if a child is unable to receive
encouragement from their parents, teachers, and peers they feel a sense doubt about there success.
An example of stage four close to my life is my little cousin Marcos. The little dude is amazingly
smart due to the fact he is encouraged by his parents and his peers. He is sincerely able to take on
new tasks and be a leader in his own mind. Every task that Marcos is able to accomplish begins by
his parents' push him to strive for success and he tackles all his task head on. During the fifth stage
of Erikson's psychosocial development it is considered the adolescence identity versus role
confusion occurs. Teens need to develop a sense of self– discovery and personal identity. The teen
usual does this by aligning yourself with other peers with similar interested either in music, hobbies,
or other activities. As they make the transition from childhood to adulthood, teens may begin to feel
confused or insecure about themselves and how they fit in to society. I found this to be true while
growing up and going through my adolescent years I found it difficult

Psychosocial Analysis
I have been extremely lucky to have been introduced to new and exciting experiences throughout
many of my stages of development. My experiences in blended families, travel and the friendships I
have made throughout the years have created a culturally diverse backdrop for my developmental
journey so far. These life experiences include a number of diverse cultures in which I am not always
a part of, but have learned so much about up to this point, and will continue learning about
throughout my life. During middle childhood, ages 6–12, my life changed dramatically. Up until this
point I had lived a rather sheltered life from what I can gather. I mainly played with children of my
own race, who were from middle to upper middle class families and ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
For example, I can now see why I may take charge in certain situations, where others will take a step
back. This sense of self–awareness is extremely important when working in helping professions, as
it is difficult to help others when you lack an understanding of the situation as a whole. This
knowledge will also be necessary when taking into account that every person's story is different,
even when they share the same life

Psychoosexual And Psychosocial Theory Of Development
PSYCHOSEXUAL AND PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORY OF
DEVELOPMENT
Human development is a lifelong process, which describes the growth of human throughout the life.
There are many developmental theories which provide a set of guiding principles and concepts of
human growth and development including physical, behavioral, cognitive and emotional growth and
change. Out of those theories
Psychosexual and Psychosocial theories are the two main theories of Psychoanalytic .
Here I am going to focus on these two theories of development and highlight what these two
theories have in common and how they differ.
The theory of psychosexual development is one of the well –known and controversial theories of
personal development, proposed by the famous Austrian ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
According to both the theorists t he child's personality depends on the success of going through all
these stages, because the childhood trauma can change the development of personality. In addition,
it is important for individuals to overcome these different stages of developme nt in a positively
balanced way in order to develop their minds and beliefs.
However, there are several differences as well within these two theories of psychosexual and
psychosocial development. Even though both theorists believe that personality develops in a series
of stages, there are differences that exist between the names of the stages and the developmental
issues that are faced during each stage.
The main difference is that unlike Freud's theory of psychosexual stages, Erikson's theory describes
the impact of social experience across the whole lifespan. Freud's psychosexual theory emphasizes
the importance of basic needs and biological forces, while Erikson's psychosocial theory is based
upon social and environmental factors.
Furthermore, Freud's conflict centers on sex, while Erikson's theory takes psychosocial approach,
which means that people are shaped by society and need to be part of that

Analyzing Erikson's Psychosocial Theory
Erikson's Psychosocial Theory is the one that would stick with me the most. Lot of it makes sense
because with the different stages he's mentioned such as trust vs mistrust, identity vs role confusion,
intimacy versus isolations to integrity vs despair. The trust vs mistrust sticks because of some of the
stories and clips that was in class. With trust vs mistrust the idea is if a child has bad things happen
in certain situations the child will begin to mistrust. While for trust if positive reinforcement is
established the child begins to develop self control and learns to redirect there feelings or emotions.
In one video about an abused girl she was redirecting her anger toward her baby brother which came
from the mistrust of her abuser.

Essay about Psychosocial Examination in Schizophrenia
Psychosocial Examination in Schizophrenia
Abstract
This research paper examines the cinematic biographical adaptation of musical child prodigy David
Helfgott. The paper will examine Helfgott during the following four stages of psychosocial
development based on the psychosocial theory of Erik Erikson: Middle childhood (6–12), Early
adolescence (12–18), Later adolescence (18–24) and Middle adulthood (34–60). Erik Erikson was a
psychoanalyst who described development as a series of eight psychosocial stages. At each stage
there are development tasks to master and a central conflict that the individual can resolve positively
or negatively. The nature of the task mastered and the conflict resolution depends largely on the
individuals ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Helfgott¡¦s prime adapt ego quality of competence reference a general belief in one¡¦s ability to get
the job done Helfgott does not get the job done. Helfgott¡¦s core pathology of inertia, which
references a paralysis of thought, and action that prevents productive work Helfgott appears to be
passive. He is alone by the events that occur around him. Helfgott appears to be a normal but he is
actually being sustained by his father and music teacher who place energy, enthusiasm or confidence
inside of him to take action.
Adolescence: Identity versus Role Confusion
During adolescence, we ask ourselves, "Who am I? Who do I want to be?" Answering these
questions involves integrating the healthy resolution of all earlier stages. Adolescents must explore,
test limits, become autonomous from parents, and commit to an identity, or sense of self. One can
only establish an identity after trying out various roles, behaviors, and ideologies. Failure to achieve
a sense of identity results in role confusion, an inability to make decisions and choices about
vocation, sexual orientation, and one's role in life.
Helfgott¡¦s stature in relation to his age appears normal his complexion pale, his face young–looking
for chronological age. His facial expressions appear quizzical with a sheepish grin his eyes darting
and hair style unremarkable. Helfgott formal operations appeared to be developing based off his
musical

Erik Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development
Psychoanalyst Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development explains how the human identity
develops and evolves in eight stages from birth to death. Each one occurs in a predetermined order;
the current stage builds upon the previous one and lays the groundwork for future stages
(Wikimedia). Each stage has a specific "crisis" or conflict, a turning point in the individual's life
which must be reconciled before moving on to the next. If the conflict is handled well, the
individual gains "ego strength" in the form of a corresponding virtue. If the conflict is handled
poorly, the individual not only fails to develop that virtue, but his/her ability to complete later stages
is hindered resulting in diminished "ego quality" or ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I could see that I was spiraling into a deep depression, but I still cared enough to willingly relinquish
the job that I had worked so hard to achieve, thus giving up on the battle of generativity vs.
stagnation with neither a positive nor negative reconciliation. Rather than proceeding to the next
stage, I was pushed back to intimacy vs. isolation, only this time I chose isolation. Even while
surrounded by friends and family trying to console me, I had never felt more alone. I was surprised
when their sympathy turned into impatience. When it took more than a few weeks for me to "get
over it," I was labeled a complainer. I quickly realized that no one truly understood what it was like
to lose the one person in their life whom they are closest to. I became socially withdrawn, only
speaking to a select few for fear of being an inconvenience. A few weeks later I was diagnosed with
a rare neurological disability, further perpetuating my isolation. Somehow, I've convinced myself to
pick up the pieces of my shattered life and move on because I know deep down that's what Chad
would have wanted me to do. It's been over a year since the accident yet I still can't imagine myself
remarrying or even dating again. Unable to work, too young to be a widower, too hurt to start over;
I'm trapped between the person society expects me to be and the person I have become. Writing this
essay has helped me understand that before I can

Erik Erikson's Theory Of Psychosocial Development
Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development suggests that one's psychological and social
development can be categorized into eight distinct stages throughout their lifespan (Karkouti, 2014).
Each stage has its own unique crisis that is vital to the gradual growth of one's psychosocial identity,
depending on the outcome (Sokol, 2009). This theory is observed in my life development from ages
0 to 19, which is then analyzed to the psychosocial identity I have developed today.
This age is the stage of trust versus mistrust crisis, whereby one's basic needs are met by the
caregiver reliably helps to develop one's trust (as cited in Karkouti, 2014). Being the first born in my
family, and the first grandchild of my mother's side, my parents ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
I was a very cheerful and active child who was in a conducive learning environment where teachers
were caring and encouraging to every student. I was fascinated by animals and often ask other
children to go observe the school's pet rabbit with me. I had made up a game where we would each
pluck a blade of grass from the ground and see which one will the rabbit choose to eat first. I was
confident in having initiative and leading others, however, due to my parents work schedule, I was
transferred to a different kindergarten in my last year and lived with my cousins who were much
older than I was. My cousin used their age as leverage and often dismiss any initiative of mine, it
was either me following their unfair rules to play with them or I would be left out. For instance, we
would choose our favourite characters in the video game, and everyone else was not allowed to pick
those characters to play. Naturally, they chose the strongest and coolest looking ones, leaving me,
the youngest, to pick the unpopular leftovers. This led me to develop a sense of guilt and a lack of
self–esteem, because I felt that everything I do was wrong or not good enough because my cousins
did not like them, so I resorted to follow whatever my cousins

Psychosocial Development Analysis
Erik Erikson is famous for his theory of psychosocial development, which emphasizes the
sociocultural development and created eight stages that children undergo psychosocial conflicts.
Children ages five to twelve go through the stage of industry vs. inferiority. The stage industry vs.
inferiority is were children develop a sense of competence at useful skills and tasks during their
middle childhood (Berk & Meyers, 2015). Children during this stage experience self doubt and their
self–esteem tends to be low. Fifth graders should have a rite of passage that marks an important
stage in their life, which is competency during middle childhood. The first stage that fifth graders
should overcome is separation for the week–long program. The program will consist of a five–day
camp trip to the Yosemite ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The fifth graders would be transitioning from early childhood to middle childhood after the program
is finished. The instructors involved in the program will have small activities with the children to
ensure they feel welcomed and be able to openly discuss skills/tasks they would like to improve
within the five days. On the fourth day of the program children will demonstrate that they achieved
industry by preforming the play indicated in the first day. On the five day, children would have a
surprise party where family members and friends would be present. The party will take place in
Yosemite National Park to end the program. The party will be a formal transition to middle
childhood for all the fifth graders. Every child would have to demonstrate in the ceremony how their
weak ability became a strength in front of instructors, family member and friends to ensure their
competencies within the program. The accomplishment that children would have achieved is an
increase in their self–esteem because children would be aware that they are able to accomplish
anything in

Erik Erikson 's Psychosocial Development
Erik Erikson's Psychosocial Development Theory What is Psychosocial Development? Pierre,
Rebecca R. Keiser University Erik Erikson 's theories of psychosocial development are described as
the lifespan of human development. Erikson was classified as an ego psychologist who also worked
with Anna Freud, Erikson elaborated his psychoanalytic theory by studying the development of
individuals throughout life, which includes childhood, adulthood, middle adulthood and old age. He
was born on the 15th of June in the year of 1902 and was deceased in the year of 1994 on the 12th
of May. A man recognized for his distinguished theory of psychosocial development and the
perception of the identity crisis. His theories marked an important shift in thinking on personality;
instead of focusing simply on early childhood event, his psychosocial theory looked at how social
influences contribute to personality throughout the entire lifespan. Erikson's mother and father were
separated before the birth of him. He at no time got to meet his biological father. Before marrying a
doctor by the name of, Dr. Theodor Homberger his mother raised Erik for an ample amount of time.
Homberger not being Erikson's biological father was kept from him for countless years and when
Erikson attained that Homberger was not his biological father he became disconcerted about who he
really was. His experience made him gain interestedness about the development of

The Eight Stages Of Psychosocial Development
Theory Selection Rational Understanding the eight stages of psychosocial development in a
practical sense is vital to building a healthy student teacher relationship. I selected this theory to
gain an understanding of how to effectively interact with my future students. This theory refines my
ability to identify and gage my student's unique psychological developmental progress. A deeper
understanding of this enables me the ability to identify key developmental milestones and improve
my lesson plans accordingly. I selected this theory because it provides me with the insight required
to establish a bond of trust with each student in my classroom. Additionally, I selected this theory
because it provides me an awareness of signs that would ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Additionally, this will develop opportunities for my students to personally reflect on their
preferences and spark a deeper understanding of themselves. This is in connection to stage two of
Erikson's psychosocial developmental theory. (Ormrod, 2014). I will implement Erikson's theory in
my classroom to develop initiative among my students. For example, I will achieve this by allowing
my them to select from a list of several writing projects or by developing their own subject as it
pertains to the lesson. This will demonstrate to my students that I respect their interests and provide
them the opportunity to take control of their learning process. Additionally, by allowing them to
make these types of decisions will demonstrate that I believe in their performance abilities. This is in
connection to stage three of Erikson's psychosocial developmental theory. (Batra, 2013). I will
implement Erikson's theory in my future classroom to develop industry among my students. For
example, I will accomplish this by simplifying extensive instructions or activities to make them
more comprehensible to my students. This will allow them to build upon smaller successes to
achieve a greater goal. Additionally, this will increase their confidence to step outside of their
comfort zone. This is in connection to stage four of Erikson's psychosocial developmental theory.
(Ormrod, 2014). Additionally, I will implement Erikson's theory to develop

Erik Erickson Psychosocial Stages
I remember learning about Erik Erikson a couple times throughout my life but it seemed to be very
brief then we moved on to another theorist. Erik Erickson was born in 1902, in Frankfurt, Germany
(Erik Erickson). Erickson lived with his mother and her husband, his step–father. In 1930 he married
his wife, Joan Serson, and in 1933 they moved with their son to the United States (Erik Erickson).
They raised three children while living in the United States. Erickson believed that the next stage of
life is made up of what happened in the previous life stage (Jalongo page 117). There are eight
stages in Erickson's psychosocial stages "four of these stages are crucial to development between
birth and age twelve (117)." The other for begin in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This stage happens during a child's first year of life. During this stage of life it is very important that
an infant gets their needs satisfied (Lecture). "If needs are met consistently, infants develop trust in
others and a hopeful helpful outlook (page 118)." This is a very important stage because it is the
stepping stone for the other stages and if the infant's needs are not met it makes it hard for the infant
to trust people. The next stage in Erik Erickson is autonomy versus shame and doubt. This stage is
from ages one to three years old, the toddlers. This is the stage where toddlers become their own
person and want to start doing things themselves, like walk and talk. During this stage "toddlers'
conflict centers on their ability to exert ownership over their bodies (page 118)." It is also this also
this stage that toddlers learn potty training. The third stage of Erikson's psychosocial stages is
initiative versus guilt. This stage takes place during the preschool years, ages three to five. During
this time "preschoolers struggle between their ability to undertake and complete tasks and their fear
of failing at those tasks (page 118)." This is the age that they want to try to do things but sometimes
think that they can't do it. For example, a child being interested in learning to write their name but
feel like they won't be able to after trying a couple

Analyzing Erikson's Psychosocial Theories
Erik Erikson's Psychosocial Theory places everyone into stages, from the days where they still need
diapers and bottles, to the days where they can barely remember who they are. We all go through the
stages in life where we learn to walk, communicate, and trust. How easy we are influenced and how
we feel internally is what helps us understand how we are placed within these stages.
With me being 18 years old, I am placed into the Identity vs. Role Confusion stage. According to
David (2014), "An adolescent must struggle to discover and find his or her own identity, while
negotiating and struggling with social interactions and "fitting in", and developing a sense of
morality and right from wrong." (para. 7). I believe there is a close fit between these ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
While I was still in high school, the thought of graduating was frightening to me because that meant
that I was going to have to choose what's next. I knew that I wanted to attend college, but I did not
know what career I was going to pursue. It's hard to make a decision at 18 years old that will
determine the rest of your life. As my friends talked about becoming nurses, I thought about
pursuing a job in the medical field as well. Just thinking about wearing scrubs and helping people
was appealing to me, but unfortunately, I was wrong. After half a semester at Odessa College taking
classes for Radiologic Tech, I realized it was not for me. I have now decided to change my major to
accounting, which is something I wish I would've done since the beginning. All this time, I could
have been taking classes for accounting, which I actually

Analyzing Erikson's Psychosocial Sages
Erikson's Psychosocial Sages are: Basis vs. mistrust (oral) Birth–1 year– from warm, responsive
care, infants gain a sense of trust, or confidence, that the world is good. Mistrust occurs when
infants have to wait to long for comfort and handled harshly. Autonomy vs. shame and doubt (anal)
1–3 years– Using new mental and motor skills, children want to choose and decide for themselves.
Autonomy is fostered when parents permit reasonable free choice and do not force or shame the
child. Initiative vs. guilt (phallic)–3–6 years– Through make–believe play, children explore the kind
of person they can become. Initiative– a sense of ambition and responsibility developments when
parents support their child's new sense of purpose. When parents demand

Erikson's Psychosocial Stages of Personality
Erikson's Psychosocial Stages of Personality Development Trust vs. Mistrust Trust versus mistrust is
Erikson's first stage in his theory psychosocial development. It is also believed to be the most
important. In this stage, infants learn whether or not they can trust the people around them,
especially those they're closest to. It occurs during the first year of life when the infant is completely
dependent on its mother/caregiver. Because the infant is utterly helpless during this time, the
personality is affected by the degree of love, care and dependability of the parent. If the parent
attends to the child's needs accordingly, is present and responsive, it is rational to believe that he or
she will grow up feeling safe and secure ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I'd say I'm doing pretty well now in adult land making my own decisions, striving towards new
goals and even making more appropriate, adult sized deserts. Industriousness vs. Inferiority
Industriousness versus inferiority is Erikson's fourth stage in his theory of psychosocial
development. In involves every moment between the ages of six and eleven. It's during this time in
age the child begins developing good school habits and social skills and really begins taking pride in
his or her accomplishments. Studying becomes important as well as true bonding. Choices now
involve some reasoning and they'll discover their capabilities when completing more complex tasks.
They can now build things, learn things and concentrate on doing so. All of these things result in a
sense of industriousness and diligence. How teachers and parents respond to the child's efforts will
really affect how they view themselves in the future. If they are ridiculed, made fun of, or
discouraged, it can quite easily lead to feelings of inferiority and disable their drive to become
successful. When I was growing up, I really enjoyed writing small stories and reading them to my
mother and brother before bed. My mother was fully engaged in my absurd, dramatic stories and it
really made me feel good about myself. Now here I am pursuing my dream to become a writer. I
think it certainly gave me the push I

Psychosocial Autobiography
Autobiography I was born on February 2, 1995. My parents were young when they had me, my
mom was 20 and my dad was 23. I was not breast fed because my mother went back to work very
soon after I was born. Though I had a fairly normal upbringing, my parents worked quite a bit.
Three days a week I would go to my grandmother's house while my parents were working. When I
got older I went to preschool two days a week. After entering kindergarten I started to have trouble
making friends. I was painfully shy and did not know how to make friends. After a few weeks I
finally made a few friends and throughout elementary school I had several different groups of
friends. Most of which I do not talk to anymore. I had issues with sucking my thumb and scratching
my nose until I was seven when I was finally able to break free of the habit When I was eight years
old my mother had a nervous breakdown and was subsequently diagnosed with obsessive
compulsive disorder. She had always been hard on me but I never understood why until I got older.
While my mother was dealing with her issues I became extremely independent. While she and my
dad were still around when I was alone with my mom I had to take care of myself a lot more than I
had been used to. I ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In initiative vs guilt children either start doing adult activities or they follow limits set by their
parents. In my case I had a mother who's parenting style is very authoritarian because of this I was
very well behaved as a child but I was probably too well behaved. I felt guilty about everything and
constantly looked to my parents for approval to do something even as simple as watch a movie. It
took me a very long time to get over this. This stage is supposed to last from three to six years old
however I felt guilty about everything until I was about thirteen years

Psychosocial Development Paper
John has lived a long life and currently lives with his wife, Mary, in Pennsylvania. John's children
are now grown and they too have children of their own. That being said, he has three grandchildren.
He is currently only taking methadone as a treatment for his past drug addiction, but other than that
he is not on any prescription drugs. John is quite healthy; however, he still struggles with his
disability. His hip replacement is wearing and he may have to have another surgery, but because of
his age it is a risk. Even though he lives with a disability, he does not require a nurse and can still
walk around, though only with a cane. It is clear that John's life has been quite eventful and he has
faced several hardships along the way. However, good things have come into his life and he has
lived, and currently still lives, a very happy life.
I will now use Erik Erikson's 7th and 8th stages of Psychosocial Development to describe John's
current well–being. The 7th ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
John lived this crazy life consisting of the bad and the good. Overtime he grew older, but he also
grew wiser. He raised a family, traveled the U.S, conquered his drug addiction, and married his true
love, all throughout the course of his life. Age is not just about growing older; it is about
experiencing life. Yes, we are all growing older, but we are also progressing through life,
accomplishing our dreams, and living. John taught me this and I think that it is a very important
message about aging. We do not have to see aging as simply growing old. We can see it as moving
through life year by year doing all of the things we dreamed of. Not wasting any second of this life
that we are blessed to live. Most importantly, not taking any of it for granted, not spending any
minute of it dwelling on things that we cannot change, and instead actually living it. John is a very
important person in my life and I am thankful for him every

The Stages of Psychosocial Development
During the first psychosocial stage test back in 1975, Erikson figured that how a mother and father
look after their child is a major factor in determining how much trust the child will place in their
parents. (1998–11734–016). At this time in life, humans are very dependent, and practically helpless
with everything. We have to rely on other people for everything from food, to clothing, to bathroom
needs, and in this case, affection. The main issue of this stage is "Trust vs. Mistrust". Obviously, if
an infant is not getting the proper needs met, they will become unsure of their environment, and
probably not trust their parents. Infants require proper development and movement to be helped into
the next stage, they require elders for the physical and emotional needs to be met on a constant
basis. A healthy outcome of this stage happens when the child develops a real sense of trust and
mistrust in themselves, their parents, and their surrounding world. Trust may appear as an issue for
interns even before the internship has begun.(1998–11734–016). Erikson theorized that if the
parents were to loosely watch after their child, they would have less trust with–in their parents. So
oppositely he viewed that if they were to pay closer attention and be there if the child was to fall,
they would have more trust in the world and their parents. So if an intern secures a position and then
on arrival finds certain problems between certain information and reality, it is most likely going

Erikson's Psychosocial Theory
Many children around the world have been neglected and abused. Abuse and neglect can be
damaging not only throughout childhood but also throughout adolescence, adulthood, and even the
next generation as well. Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory helps better understand the internal
thoughts throughout the lifetime of those who have been abused and neglected during childhood.
Erikson's psychosocial theory has many stages that focus on different parts of a person's lifetime
such as Trust vs. Mistrust, Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt, Industry vs. Inferiority, Intimacy vs.
Isolation, and Generativity vs. Stagnation. Children that have been neglected or abused can have
developmental and psychological issues beginning at a young age and following them ... Show more
Erikson's stage, "Intimacy vs. Isolation" is discussing how adults either want to be with and around
with others or become isolated and reject others company. This stage provides some insight into the
rejection or acceptance of the children of the abused. Most of the time the children of the abused do
not get the attention they need due to the intimacy issues of their parents (Ehrensaft et al., 2015, p.
16). Erikson's stage "Trust vs. Mistrust" can go along with this point as well. If the parent is
neglecting the child, the child will not get what it needs from the parent. Therefore, the child will
have a problem trusting others later on in their lifetime (Ehrensaft et al., 2015, p. 17). Another one
of Erikson's stages, "Generativity vs. Stagnation" is discussing how adults either want to contribute
to their children meaningfully or not at all. Most of the children in this study get no positive
contribution from their parents. Erikson's stage "Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt", can help better
understand this point. If the parent does not spend time with their child they can also keep their child
from learning abilities and skills that they need to know. If the child does not learn the necessary
skills required to do certain and basic things, they may begin to doubt their own

Carlos Erikson's Theory Of Psychosocial Development
Presenting the Case
Carlos Sanchez is a 15–year–old Puerto Rican male. He presents to my office today for a visit after a
referral from his school counselor. Mr. Sanchez's performance at school has been declining post a
fight in which he was involved in at school. According to the school, four White students engaged
Mr. Sanchez in a physical altercation, during which racial slurs were used. Mr. Sanchez's mother
reports behavioral changes; including loss of appetite, lack of sleep, physical decline, isolation,
jumpiness, and stress after the fight.
Theoretical Framework
Psychosocial Theory
Erik Erikson believed that the social environment plays an important role in personality
development, and thus he developed the theory of psychosocial development. Erikson believed that
that personality development occurs throughout our lifespan, and highlighted the influence of family
system, society, and culture in our development. Erikson accepted Freud's basic psychosexual
framework and he expanded on the development at each stage and expanded the stages to cover the
lifespan. Erikson believed that at each stage we gain attitudes and skills that make us active and
contributing members of society.
Per Erikson, our ego identity is constantly changing due to new experiences and information that we
acquire throughout our daily interactions with others. In addition to ego identity, Erikson also
believed that a sense of competence also motivates behaviors and actions, and that each

Eric Erikson's Stages Of Psychosocial Development
Safety Measures
Benjamin Franklin famously said: "An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure." Living things
were blessed with a preprogrammed security system that aids in survival. Although in human beings
this force is not so apparent until later months, safety precautions are a reflex that does not need to
be learned. Although in younger years levels of dangers are hard to differentiate, with continuous
maturity distinctions become possible. In reference, the stage of infancy in Eric Erikson's stages of
psychosocial development portrays how trust manifests; in addition, John Bowlby deciphers it in a
step–by–step approach. Eric Erikson based his stages on psychosocial development on Sigmund
Freud's theory of psychosexual development. However, in contrast to Freud's belief that it is the
struggle between the id – the subconscious of an individual – and the superego – one's conscious
goals – Erikson claimed that it is the ego – the fundamental interpreter of the surrounding world –
that conducts psychosocial development (McLeod, Simplypsychology.org, 2013). In the primary
stage of Eric Erikson's discoveries of psychosocial stages, he discusses a milestone known as trust
versus mistrust. This trust is accomplished through the attachment of infant and caregiver as John
Bowlby later specified. At this phase, a baby must learn to feel comfortable and secure about the
world around him. Thus, it is the task of caregivers to ensure that the baby masters this security. For

Analyzing Erikson's Stages Of Psychosocial Development
Erik Erikson was born in Frankfurt, Germany in 1902. Because his mother was Jewish and his father
was not, he was often bullied in school. He had blonde hair and blue eyes, so his Jewish peers
mocked him for standing out and being different, and his peers at school teased him simply for
being Jewish. His own internal conflict with his identity sparked his interest in identity formation
and development. Although he never actually received a degree in medicine or psychology, he
became friends with Anna Freud who helped him study psychoanalysis. Erikson supported and was
influenced by many of Sigmund Freud's ideas. Freud had a theory on development, he called it the 5
stages of psychosexual development, this is one of the theories that Erikson ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
If this stage is successful the child have the virtue of purpose. The fourth stage is industry vs.
inferiority which happens in elementary school from the age 6 until puberty. During this stage, the
child's teacher and peers become the source of self–esteem. Children in this stage feel like they need
to fit in and gain approval of those around them. They feel confident and gain a sense of pride when
they are praised for their accomplishments. If this stage is successful they will gain the virtue of
competence. If they feel they can't do what is asked of them, are rejected by their peers, or their
parents/teachers treat them insensitively, they will learn inferiority. Stage five is ego–identity vs.
role–confusions which occurs during adolescence. Teenagers being to wonder who they are. This
leads to them going through phases and rebelling to search for where they fit in and belong. They
explore themselves, others, and roles. If they are unable to establish who they are, they'll experience
role–confusion and suffer an identity crisis. Success in this stage will lead to the virtue of fidelity,
but failure means they feel they have no place in society. Stage six is intimacy vs. isolation, this

Initiative Vs. Guilt Psychosocial Stage
Qualities of perseverance, resiliency, and trust encompass the foundation of learning from
experiences. A series of intersecting realities, both the trivial and major, encompass the foundation
of our lives. In essence, we act as mice running through the maze of life. Researchers at MIT report
that an animal's knowledge from a previous situation can subconsciously influence behavior in new
circumstances, shedding light on how our backgrounds inform future choices. When a mouse
explores a new maze, neurons fire in its hippocampus, the center of learning and memory. Individual
neurons fire in a specific pattern that mimics a mouse's movement through space. From looking at
the patterns and sequences from the firing cells, researchers can determine ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
While pregnant, mothers undergo a barrage of questions and mandates from mere strangers–tips and
advice about parenting. The focus of parenting also places emphasis on a child's character
development based on the parent's interaction in their natural environment. Alfred Bandura, a social
cognitive psychologist, proposed the Social Learning Theory to explain the phenomenon of
assimilation through observation. In his famous Bobo doll experiment at Stanford University,
Bandura utilized inflatable plastic toys painted to look like clowns. Bandura divided preschoolers
into three categories; the first group observed aggressive adult behaviors, the second group observed
nonaggressive adult behaviors, and a control group did not observe any behaviors. Preschoolers
engaged in distracting activities, such as coloring, while the parent interacted with the Bobo doll in a
manner based on their assignment. As explained by Nolen, at the conclusion of the study, Bandura
found that the children who observed a parent behaving aggressively toward the Bobo doll (why
would the child not want to hit a clown? I assume results pair with coloring outside of the lines)
"later mimic the behavior of the adults by attacking the doll in the same fashion." Bandura came up
with four requirements for learning: observation, retention,

Erikson 's Psychosocial Theory And Psychosocial Development
Theories and Theorists
Theories are the building blocks of psychology. Theories whether old or new has allowed us to
know what we know now. There are many theories in the field of psychology or educational
psychology that are important to further understand human behavior. However, this paper will focus
on only two theories which are; Erikson's psychosocial theory and Alfred Adler's Adlerian theory.
Erik Erikson's psychosocial development has always been a great contribution to the field of
psychology by Erik Erikson (Berk, 2007). Erikson suggested that everyone experiences a series of
psychosocial stages instead of psychosexual stages as proposed by Sigmund Freud. Despite the fact
that Erikson disagreed with Sigmund Freud in so many areas in his psychosexual theory, it was
actually Freud's psychosexual theory that helped Erikson formulate his own psychosocial theory and
Erikson was very much influenced by Sigmund and his work (Erikson, 1968). So even if Erikson
disagreed with Freud, Sigmund actually contributed to Erikson's psychosocial theory because if it
wasn't for Freud's shortcomings in his psychosexual theory, Erikson would not have come up with
his own psychosocial theory (Erikson, 1968).
Freud and Erikson hold opposite views on many things. However, they did agree on a few things to
like how they both believed that personality develops in a series of set stages. But dissimilar from
Freud's theory of psychosexual stages, Erikson's theory depicts the influence of

What is Psychosocial Development?
What is psychosocial development? Psychosocial development is development on a social realm.
Psychosocial development is how one develops their mind, maturity level, and emotions over the
course of one's life. The rate of development depends on different factors such as biological
processes as well as environmental factors. A man named Erik Erikson who was a psychoanalyst
who believed that early childhood successes and failures were responsible for influencing later
developmental stages developed this theory. Erikson's theory of psychosocial development is based
around the theory that social experience has an impact over an entire lifespan. There are eight stages
developmental stages of development in the psychosocial theory and I will ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
These plans could include things such as what kind of career they want, their sexual orientation, and
who they are in life (Cooper, 1998). The intimacy vs. isolation stage is between the ages of 19 to 40
and is very important to the relationships one will hold during these years. Erikson believed that it
did not matter how successful one was financially, they are not truly complete developmentally until
one is capable of true intimacy. People that have not successfully created a sense of identity will
have a fear of commitment however, someone that has successfully developed a sense of self is able
to form bonds and create successful relationships as an adult (Davis & Clifton, 95). Middle
adulthood is the generatively vs. stagnation stages in which an adult must care of others and realize
that they need a family or a legacy. During this stage, people will nurture their own family or find
ways to nurture others that need to be nurtured outside their immediate family. If an adult does not
overcome the crisis during this stage, then they will not grow which will result in them being selfish
and self–centered. The last stage in Erikson's theory is the integrity vs. despair important stage. This
is the time in one's life when they begin to look at their life and the role that they have played in life.
As one reflects on their

Analyzing Erikson's Psychosocial Crisis
Essay Question #13 Erikson's fourth psychosocial crisis is defined as "industry versus inferiority".
During this stage children attempt to perform more complex tasks, and they strive to master these
skills. As a result, they develop a sense of either industrious or inferior, competent or incompetent.
In order for a child to resolve the crisis, they are faced with mastering the developmental task. It is
extremely crucial for the child to receive great support from both parents, and teachers during this
crisis stage. Contrary to this, can cause a negative effect on a child's ability to lifelong well–being.
For instance, an example of "industry versus inferiority" can be two children in the same grade
class. One child has difficulty with math,

Erikson's Stages Of Psychosocial Analysis
Erikson's first three stages of psychosocial development Basic trust or distrust: It is the first stage.
This is where the sense of personal and society confidence of the infant is developed through the
quality of early care. Good quality early care brings the virtue of hope, which made the foundation
for faith. Autonomy or shame and doubt: It is the second stage. This is where the child interacts with
the world in new ways, and the sense of autonomy is encouraged by free will. The acquired virtue is
the will that grows up to be the basis of adult recognition that manifest a spirit of justice. Initiative
or guilt: This third stage is where the basic activity is the game. Its virtue is the purpose originated in
fantasy and play. It forms the roots of ineraction and adulthood rituals. As a councelor, I need to
have a strong sense of the patient's potential for growth and development. My main job is to foster
that growth and not impose my own expectations and experiences. In my practice, I need to strongly
consider the relationship between clients and their parents since Erikson expresses that transference
and countertransference are rooted in the relationship the client had with his parents. ... Show more
The role of the genetic counselor is to document the family and personal history, request specific
tests, determine the risk of occurrence and recurrence of any genetic disease. Also the genetic
counselor provides the information needed so a couple or an individual at risk can make their own
decisions (regarding the possibility of having more children, or the need to conduct regular checks
to prevent the development of a disease). It is not necessary to be pregnant to seek genetic
counseling. The genetic counseling can be ideal before getting pregnant since this will allow the
client make decisions in a more stress free

Erick Erickson's Theory Of Psychosocial Development
Theory Erick Erickson (1950,1963) proposed to a psychoanalytic theory of psychosocial
development comprising eight stages from infancy to adult with each stage a person will experience
some sort of psychosocial experience that may have a negative or positive outcome for their
personal development. The psychosocial have eight stages each stage are depending the age of the
child. The stages are; trust vs mistrust this is the infancy stage at this stage the infant is uncertain
about the world they live in to end the feeling of uncertainty the infant looks upon their primary care
giver for stability, autonomy vs shame this is the early child hood stage children who complete this
stage successfully leave feeling secure and confident in themselves while for those who do not are
left with a sense of shame and doubt of self, initiative vs guilt play age children display curiosity
about the world, and begin to assert their power and contract of the world through direct play and
social interaction they also feel a sense of guilt when they take a negative initiative and are
punished, industry vs inferiority the school age if a child is praised for doing their best and
encouraged to finish task then industry may result, while the child who ant master their school work
may think of themselves as a failure and feeling inferiority may arise, identity vs role confusion the
adolescence stage this is the main stage and most important development task for adolescents are to
constructer their own unique sense of identity and find the social environment where they can
belong to and have meaningful relationship( Chen, Lay Wu, & Yao, 2007), intimacy vs isolation
young adult, adults who successful in resolving the conflict of this stage are able to develop deep
meaningful relationship with others while adults who struggles with this stage experience poor
relationship ( Cherry, Gans), generative vs stagnation adulthood stage failing to achieve this stage
they become stagnant and feel unproductive while success in it will lead to the feeling of virtue and
care(McLeod), and lastly ego integrity vs despair maturity stage to be successful in this stage the
person is

Erikson and Personal Psychosocial Stage
Renowned psychologist Erik Erikson is best known for his theory of psychosocial stages of
personality development. Unlike Freud, Erikson's theory spans a person's entire lifespan, from
childhood to old age. One of the main elements of Erikson's psychosocial stage theory is the
development of ego identity (Cherry, 2013). Ego Identity is the conscious sense of self that we
develop through social interaction (Cherry, 2013). Erikson believed that our ego identity is
constantly changing due to new experiences and information we acquire in our daily interactions
with others (Cherry, 2013). The stages of Erikson's theory are concerned with becoming competent
in an area of life (Cherry, 2013). Erikson believed that if a stage is handled ... Show more content on
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I do try to make connections when I can. My life consists most of going to the gym, bike riding or
running, work, and school. These activities keep me fairly busy, and I don't always have a lot of time
for going out. I am not really into the bar scene as I don't drink. Very shortly after I graduated with
my undergraduate degree, I was diagnosed with some serious health problems. I was hospitalized
three times before doctors arrived at an accurate diagnosis. The resulting ongoing issues with my
health sometimes inhibit the forming of meaningful relationships. Although I am shy by nature, I try
not to let this keep me from getting along and conversing with people at work and in general. It is
just that shyness is a tendency, one that I need to be aware of. I try to get outside of my comfort zone
and talk to people to form acquaintance–type relationships. Although these are not meaningful
relationships, they are the type of relationships I have with people at work, and it makes work more
pleasant to have people to talk to and converse with as I go throughout the day. Being shy, and in a
stage where I should be finding meaningful relationships is a hindrance, and could be seen as a
negative effect on the stage that I am currently in. My mother tells me that when I was very young I
was very extroverted and made a lot of friends easily. As I got older I developed a weight problem
and was overweight throughout middle school and high school. I

The Psychosocial Theory Of Human Development
A third development theory that I will discuss is called the "Psychosocial Theory." The psychosocial
developmental theory emerged from the work of psychologist Erik Erikson. Erikson argued that
human development was influenced by social experiences that take place through eight stages. In
fact, Erikson's theory was influenced by his experience in analyzing and studying of various types of
people from various backgrounds and culture. Thus, Erikson believed that human life evolved
through experiencing life crisis in each of the eight stages of development. Moreover, it is through
the experiences of life crisis and their eventual resolution that allows individuals to continue to
grow. According to Erikson, life crisis symbolized a time when vulnerability and possibilities were
intertwined (Fiore, 2011). Erikson proposed that life crisis's was an opportunity where an individual
was trying to achieve, while at the same time working towards creating a sense of self–eventually
this process would lead to the work of self–development. Stage 1: Basic trust vs. Mistrust (birth to
2years, infancy, hope, maternal), Stage 2: Autonomy vs. Shame and doubt (2–3 years old, early
childhood, willpower, both parents or adults substitute), Stage 3: Initiative vs. Guilt (3–5, preschool,
nursery school, purpose, parents, family friends), Stage 4: Industry vs. Inferiority (5–12, middle
school, competence, school), Stage 5: Identity vs. Identity confusion (12–18, adolescence, fidelity,

Bruno Bettelheim and Psychosocial Development
Bruno Bettelheim and Psychosocial Development The psychological aspect of the human mind is
one of the most mysterious and unpredictable entities known to man. Bruno Bettelheim is an
Austrian–born American child psychologist and writer that gained international recognition for his
blatant views on the psychological development of children. Bettelheim firmly believed that fairy
tales contributed to the molding of a child's unconscious and conscious mind, and the child's entire
psych as a whole. Furthermore, Bettelheim also believed that fairy tales helped a child in his search
for an identity and for a meaning in life. As a child psychologist that dealt with troubled children
everyday, Bettelheim cared greatly about children and sought to ... Show more content on
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Bettelheim sought help society and to educate others in order to prevent other children and future
patients from such a burden. Bettelheim believed that fairy tales must be left for a child's own
interpretation in order for them to apply these tales to their own life as they begin to understand their
conscious and unconscious selves. Bettelheim states that "the vagueness of the tales [is]
pedagogically suited to these tasks in that it engages the child's imagination to fill in the details and
invest his interests on whatever level he finds himself" (Heisig). The tales commonly deal with
universal problems that everyone faces, and children are able to easily apply these universal
problems and messages to their own lives. Children comprehend that although the tales are untrue,
they are not unreal, so they apply these tales to their own beings (Heisig). Furthermore, the fairy
tales engages a child's imagination, and this allows him to sort out his conscious and unconscious
self. A child must overcome the psychological problems of growing up by coping with his
unconscious self, and fairy tales allows children to familiarize themselves with their unconscious
mind by fitting unconscious content into conscious fantasies, enabling him to cope with that content
(Tatar 270). In the process of relieving his conscious and unconscious pressures, children must work
through these psychological problems by themselves, and "in

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