The Man Who Killed The Deer Analysis

The Man Who Killed The Deer Analysis
Tradition is a big part of a cultural identity. Traditions are not loved nor understood immediately,
however with time the importance of tradition becomes evident as it makes people unique. As a kid,
serving meals every thanksgiving may feel insignificant and tedious, but as an adolescent the small
amount of time spent as a family doing something annually has a lasting impact on one's values.
Frank Waters' fictional novel, The Man Who Killed the Deer, Martiniano struggles to find a faith
after he illegally kills a deer. Neither the whites not the Indians seem welcoming because he offends
both by breaking the law and not showing respect to Indian ideology. The deer continues to haunt
him until he understands the role of nature and the cycle of life. The poem "I Have Killed the Deer",
written by a Taos Pueblo Indian, emphasizes the importance of equality and the mystical connection
with nature. Both works highlight the unique Indian perspective of nature and its contribution their
identity. Both Martiniano and the Taos Pueblo Indian use nature to provide life; Martiniano's self–
centered view on the old Indian traditions prevent him from finding peace in a faith, while the Taos
Pueblo Indian fully appreciates and understands his role in nature. While both Martiniano and the
Taos Pueblo Indian use death to provide themselves with life, the two show a different level of
respect to the role of nature. After Martiniano returns from the Government school, he loses part of
his
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The Saga of the Tigua Indians Essay
The Saga of the Tigua Indians The Saga of the Tigua Indians is an amazing one. By all reasoning
they should have been wiped out long ago. There quiet defiance to change, however, has carried
them through. From the height of civilization to near extinction the Tigua have remained. They
endure imprisonment by the Spanish, oppression and manipulation by everyone that followed. This
is the story of a people thought to extinct, that are once again learning to survive.
Early histories of the Tigua Indians are conflicting and largely untrue. Since 1680 it had been
believed that the Tiguas were traitors to the Pueblo Nation, and had chose sides with the Spanish
during the Pueblo Revolt. Upon the Spanish retreat south it was believed that ... Show more content
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With such a large presence of Spanish soldiers it would have been foolish for the Indians of Isleta to
resist them. After failed attempts to recapture lands lost to the north, Governor Otermin finally
decided to give up and proceeded south to greater safety of the Mission of Guadalupe at Juarez. The
Spanish were accompanied by a group of Indians from mixed tribes, including a few Tigua. One in
Juarez three camps for the Indians were established. Alvaro de Zualata was the first priest of the
Sacramento camp was located on the present day site of the Mission Church at Ysleta, Texas. Ysleta,
Texas, or Ysleta del Sur is the current location of the remaining Tigua Indians. Two other camps
were also formed; St. Pedro de Alcantarra and Seneca del Sur. The present Church of Ysleta has an
interesting record from this time stating that in addition to these camps set up by the Spanish, "a few
Tigua try to found Ysleta del Sur in a nearby place.
In 1681 Otermin was determined to recapture the lost territories in New Mexico. He mounted an
expedition to the north and was successful in surprising the Pueblo of Isleta under the cover of
darkness. He was able to capture nearly all of the inhabitants. The Spanish continued to move north.
The Pueblo forces were successful again, however, in repulsing the Spanish. Thus forcing the
Spanish back south toward El Paso. As many as 100 Isleta Pueblo escaped from

King Phillip And Puwblo Revolt:compare And Contrast Essay
5 years and nearly an entire continent separated King Philip's war from the great pueblo revolt.
Compare and contrast the causes and consequences of these 2 conflicts.
The Great Pueblo revolt of 1680 all started with the droughts of 1660 when the Southwest had
severe drought that brought famine and disease. During this, hungry Apaches who couldn't find food
on plains attacked the pueblos. This angered the people on the pueblos, but there new leader Pope', a
mysterious medicine doctor, tried to keep the Indian beliefs around and resisted the Christian
religion. The Spaniards hated this, so they captured his older brother. This enraged Pope' against the
Spaniards so he held meetings to tell everybody that the Spaniards must leave. The ... Show more
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The Spaniards got word of the attack, and notified every Spanish official in the pueblos to arrest any
expected ringleader of the Indians. The Spaniards were also notified that the Indians had painted
themselves for war. They rounded up all of their people, distributed arms, and let everybody wait to
see what will happen.
Later that day, there were uprisings in many of the pueblos, but the capital of Santa Fe was not
attacked yet. On August 14, 500 Indians marched on Santa Fe. The governor tried to negotiate with
the Indians before they attacked, but it failed and the next morning the Spaniard attacked the
Indians. The Indians were driven from their position and fled to the foothills, until Indian
reinforcements put them back in position to attack Santa Fe.
Two days later, 2500 Indians charged the Spaniards and swarmed around the palace and burned a
chapel. The entire Spaniard army met the Indians in the plaza at the capital and waged hand to hand
combat all day long. The Spaniards sent the Indians back, and they retreated into their palace.
The next day the Spaniards met the Indians and tried to regain there water soured back, but were
met with a huge resistance. They were sent back to the palace, and watched the Indians burn all of
Santa Fe during the night. The next morning the Spaniards took the Indians by surprise, and killed

Mabel Dodge Luhan, An American Artist, Writer, And Social...
Mabel Dodge Luhan was an American artist, writer, and social activist, who helped make New
Mexico the center of arts and culture that it is today, as well as help inspire the modern art
movement, and spread the progressive/free–thought movement. In the enormous collection of
literature attributed to her, Mabel admitted to having neurotic and sociopathic tendencies; she was a
hypocrite, believed power and authority gave her life meaning, and acted out of emotion in most life
situations. Although she admitted to being a person of questionable character, she was seen as a
kind, compassionate, honorable, and intelligent woman, by her friends, colleagues, and lovers:
Mabel was indeed a revolutionary. Born in Buffalo, New York, on February 26, 1879 to Sarah Cook
and Charles Ganson, two members of America's wealthy upper–class, Mabel had a privileged life.
At this time, the United States was a growing world power, and its rate of industrialization
persuaded many American's that their Western, Anglo morals were superior to that of other cultures.
Her parents were like those Americans who focused on the growing industrialization of America and
upkeep of American ideals. Mabel was raised to be a "proper" lady, to wed, and be a good wife and
mother, she received little attention from her parents, who substituted love for power, and she was
raised primarily by their servants. Mabel grew rebellious of her parents and the ideology of the
growing industrialized America, her rebellious

Buffalo Kachina Research Paper
The Most Powerful doll: The buffalo Kachina
Like the Hopi and the Pueblos, the Zuni (Native American Pueblo peoples) like all other Indian
Pueblo are very religious and peaceful. They are reputable goldsmiths and one of the Indian people
who have saved their culture and traditional ceremonies. In their religion, everything in the planet
has a spiritual and a visible form. During their religious ceremonies, they use dolls called Kachina to
carry humans' prayers to the gods and ancestors. These kachinas are the reincarnation of the spiritual
form returned from the clouds. Not only these dolls are hidden and direct representations of a
variety of gods, spirits, and ancestors, but also appear to the Zuni's people in physical form singing
and dancing during their various ceremonies. "The nearly 250 kachina personalities embody clouds,
rain, crops, animals, and even ideas such as growth and fertility" (Sayre 21). The most well–known
are the spirits of fire, rain, and snake. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They are the spirits of the invisible world. By the same token, they represent supernatural human
beings who have a role as mediators between humans and the gods. For this reason, as messengers
of gods, their stay among human occurs between the winter solstice and summer solstice. They are
represented only by the male inhabitants and embody the most positive virtues. During ritual
ceremonies, these spirits embody in masked and costumed dancers, have as mission to bring
humans' wishes to the gods such as the wish of more rain, more abundant harvest, and to be spared
of diseases. Finally, once this period of rituals is completed, the kachinas return home (to the hill of
San

Hopi Butterfly Dance Research Paper
Taylor Burt MUNM 3213–006 Dr. Jennifer Peck 6 November 2014 The Hopi Butterfly Dance The
Hopi tribe is found in the Southwest region of the United States in Arizona, where they trace their
ancestry back 2,000 years; however, tribal legends suggest that the Hopi tribe migrated to Arizona
from the south, which is present day South America, Central America, and Mexico. The Hopi is
considered one of the oldest living cultures by historical documentation (Hopi Tribe). The Hopi
Butterfly Dance, or Bulitikibi as the Hopi call it, is a two–day ceremony usually performed in the
late summer that falls into the social dance category. The dance is a celebration of the end of the
harvest season and thankfulness for a good crop. The Butterfly Dance is sponsored by a family and
held specifically for the young people of the tribe (Lomahaftewa). Important aspects of the dance
include the public performance, with no sacred altars or secret rites associated, and the fact that the
dance is social in nature and open to spectators (Fewkers). When a family decides that they would
like to sponsor a Butterfly Dance, ceremonial preparations begin in order to arrange for the dance to
take place. The village crier announces that a Butterfly Dance will take place in the coming weeks,
and the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Among the Hopi clans is the Butterfly Clan, or Buli. The purpose of the Butterfly Clan is to preserve
the legends of the past histories of the tribe as well as their migration patters (Fewkes). Based on the
prevalence of the butterfly symbol among historical objects discovered among the Hopi tribe, some
anthropologists believe the butterfly previously played an even larger role in the culture than it does
among the present day tribe (Fewkes). It is said that the Butterfly Dance was introduced to the Hopi
tribe by the Butterfly Clan

Pueblo Cultural Center Essay
Going to the Indian Pueblo Cultural Center was a new experience for me, I chose this location
because I have been living here in New Mexico for almost 7 years, and even though I consider
myself Mexican and Californian because great part of life I lived in those places, after 7 years of
living here in New Mexico I am starting to feel New Mexican as well. I am constantly being
enculturated by New Mexican traditions, learning about Native Americans provides me with
knowledge that I can pass on to my future generations.
My experience being there was educational, spiritual, and artistic. While learning about the Pueblo
beliefs, I can see that respect is one of their beliefs, whether respect for one another or respect for
Corn Mother, respect is a traditional of Pueblo people, taking care of one another and loving one
another is another beliefs associated with Pueblo people. Also for the Pueblo people it is essential to
transfer the knowledge of the Original Instructions from one generation to the next. Pueblo people
believe that their purpose ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Pueblo people believe that animals are a sacred gift from their creator, and in their community's
skillful hunting brings honor and respect. Animals are frequently used in their art as respect and
gratitude. Pueblo people have cultivated and woven cotton for centuries. They use hand–woven
cotton garments only for important ceremonial attire because of how painful the process is to make
them. They create paint from natural elements and those paints recipes have been used since ancient
times to this day. Another interesting thing that I learned is the use of Yucca in Pueblo communities,
yucca is used in their culture for soap, shampoo, and fibers from yucca leaves can be woven into
sandals, baskets, and ropes. Sharp leaf ends make sewing needles, also paint brushes are produced
from

The Pueblo Revolt Chapter 4 Summary
Throughout chapter six, seven, and eight of Knaut's book The Pueblo Revolt of 1680, he sets up the
scene and leads up to the events that caused The Pueblo Revolt. While the tail end of chapter eight
describes the actual revolt, most of the writing we read by Knaut describes the history leading up to
1680. In chapter 6, Knaut starts describing Spanish and Pueblo relation history in New Mexico
beginning around 1609. The colony of New Mexico was isolated from the rest of New Spain in
Mexico and this made it difficult for the colony. The six month journey from Mexico City to Santa
Fe was dangerous due to the climate, length, and indigenous people in the region. Thus, supplies and
information to Santa Fe was unreliable and in a cycle of about four ... Show more content on
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In fact, Mestizos were so common that they eventually started to maintain Spanish roles which was
highly controversial to the Spanish empire down South. Yet one connector between the Hispanics
and Pueblo was the Hispanic quest to find cures for their ailments. Due to disease or social issues,
Hispanics would reach out to the indigenous people. Finally chapter 8, describes the loss of control
that the Spanish people faced leading up to 1680. The Native inhabitants' population was already
weakened due to disease, but drought and thus famine in 1666 lowered the population of not only
Natives, but Hispanics as well. Tension occurred as the Spanish relied upon stored food while the
Pueblos starved. To make matters worse, Athabaskans raided the Pueblos and the Spanish were
weakened and couldn't protect the Pueblo people. The straw that broke the camel's back was when
in order to retain what little control the Spanish had, they outlawed traditional Pueblo religious
ceremonies and practices. Death was punishment for local medicine men and any others who
continued to practice traditional Pueblo

The Causes Of The European Colonization Of North America
The European conquest of North America was not inevitable. Small groups of Europeans claimed
large areas densely populated by hostile Indian nations. The English and Spanish faced particularly
fierce resistance from the Wampanoag and Pueblo peoples in present day New England and the
American Southwest. The Wampanoags and Pueblos both revolted against European colonization
and conquest in 1675 and 1680 due to attacks on their sovereignty, attacks on their welfare, and
mass death. The Pueblos were more successful than the Wampanoags because they gained from the
revolts while the New England Nations lost everything during King Philip's War. In both cases,
Indian nations formed the first pan–indigenous, anti–European alliances, and Europeans secured a
beachhead in North America King Philip's War began due to escalating Puritan attacks on
Wampanoag sovereignty, forcing the Confederacy into a war for survival. The path to war began in
1662 when the Wampanoag Chief Metacomet rose to power. He denounced illegal Puritan seizure of
Wampanoag traditional hunting grounds. On multiple occasions, English settlers jailed Wampanoag
hunters for "trespassing" on ancestral Indian lands. This attack on Wampanoag sovereignty denied
that Indians could have a legitimate claim to their own territory. By accomplishing this, English
colonists could declare the Indian's authority void as an excuse to take more land. Relations soured
in December of 1674 when John Sassamon, a Christian Indian, was murdered by Wampanoags for
reporting Metacomet's war preparations to the English. Puritans arrested three Wampanoags, tried
them for murder, and hanged them. This was the first time English tried an Indian for crimes against
another Indian. The trial demonstrated that the English believed they also had authority over
Metacomet's people. By using the English courts to try an Indian–on–Indian murder, the Puritans
again claimed the Wampanoags had no authority, and therefore were not worthy of respect as a
nation. This disrespect allowed the Puritans to see them not as people, but as pests to be removed
from their land. Beliefs such as this led to further escalation by the Puritan leaders. Tensions rose,
and Metacomet formed a coalition

Kachinas Research Paper
The Hopi are a Native American tribe with a long history that mainly live in the southwestern
United States. One of the most important parts of their culture is Kachinas. One of the ways that the
Hopi recognize their Kachinas is through dances. These Kachina dances are an important part of the
Hopi culture and still have a large impact on it today. The Hopi ceremonies known as Kachina
dances are an almost constant part of their lifestyle. In contrast to most western holidays the
ceremonies go on for most of the year, almost like one continuous holiday, and every person in the
village participates. The most important dances are held at the same time every year, but there are
some that are held only when the village decides to have them. According ... Show more content on
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All of them have a role in the dances. There are Guard Kachinas, Cloud Kachinas, Clown Kachinas,
and many different animal Kachinas. The Guard Kachinas guard dance ceremonies with whips from
people moving too close. The Cloud Kachina brings rain for crops and also represents the clouds.
Clown Kachinas perform a sort of cautionary humor. The Hopi find the things they do funny, but the
Clowns' actions are seen as examples of what not to do. Clowns are not all humor, however. They
are a very important part of the dance ceremonies and are still seen as sacred. The animal Kachinas
all have different purposes, though many are able to control the rain. The Road Runner protects the
village from witchcraft and also can bring rain. The White Wolf helps the people of the village get
enough food for winter. The Ram's dance brings more rams for the village to get food from, and he
also can bring rain. The Deer's dance brings deer to the village so that the village can eat. The Raven
fights the Clowns, and warns people against similar behavior. The Buffalo makes sure there is
enough food through the winter for the village. The Badger and the Bear heal people who are ill, and
are given herbs and prayers by the Hopi. The Antelope brings more antelope, as well as helping to
bring the rain. All of these can be made into dolls for children to learn the difference between

The Pueblo Revolt Summary
The Pueblo Revolt (1680); Critique The article written by Charles W. Hackett based on the Revolt of
the Pueblo Indians of New Mexico and Otermin's attempted reconquest was insightful and
informative in the fact that it showed how much of an impact the forcing of converting to baptism
by the Franciscan friars had on the Native Americans. As expressed in the article, after three
generations of constant oppression and tyranny, in the spring of 1680, the Pueblo Indians rose up to
overthrow the Spanish rulers. With this revolt, Indian fighters were able to kill more than 400
Spanish soldiers and civilians as well as drove the surviving Europeans back to El Paso, making the
Pueblo Revolt of 1680 the single

Taking a Look at the Anasazi Tribe
The Anasazi are the "ancestors of today's Pueblo Indians" and they are from the four corners region,
the corners of New Mexico, Arizona, Colorado and Utah (Witze). They were able to produce a lot of
crops even though they lived in an area of little rainfall. They learned to farm in barren lands. They
were very artistic people. They are known for "their baskets and pottery and are highly admired by
collectors" ("The Anasazi"). Most people know them because of their cliff dwellings. They built
homes on mountainsides as a defense mechanism. They also are known for their pits, kivas, that
were temples of worship for their ancestors. More recently, they have been come to known for
possibly partaking in cannibalism between 1150 and 1175 AD. This has caused a huge debate
between archaeologists and the Puebloan people. One major conflict with cannibalism is whether it
is morally right or wrong. First off, cannibalism can mean very different things, "all of which have
loaded cultural connotations, and carries some very heavy historical and emotional baggage"
(Dongoske, Martin, and Ferguson 2000). Depending on the society, the practice of cannibalism can
or cannot be socially acceptable. For example, Westerners typically view cannibalism as morally
wrong and corrupt. Prejudice has formed against those accused, such as the Anasazi. Even if
cannibalism had happened among them does not mean that the Anasazi people were accepting of it.
There are a lot of generalizations made against

Pueblo Revolt Research Paper
The Pueblo Revolt of 1680 is an important event in U.S. history having been the first complete
victory for Native Americans against any European nation. One of the major conflicts between the
Pueblo Indians and the Spanish colonists was their different religions. Many historians believe that
the Pueblo Indians revolted against the Spanish in order to eliminate Catholicism because it was
threatening their own beliefs. Many Spanish officials interpret the Pueblo Revolt as being
unnecessary and guided by the devil. The continuing study of this historical event will allow current
Pueblo villages to learn about their ancestors' history and the major role religion had on the revolt.
Further consequences of the Pueblo Revolt was the Spanish setback ... Show more content on
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Many of those documents, however, were destroyed during the Pueblo Revolt when the natives
burned down government buildings and records. However, previously to the Pueblo Revolt, Spanish
government officials had sent out reports which shed a light on the relations between Spaniards and
Pueblo Indians prior to the revolt. With new understanding of popular Indian beliefs, historians are
now able to adjust the one–sided interpretations that European nations developed when documenting
their relationship with the natives. Historians who are well–informed of popular Indian beliefs, have
interpreted the Pueblo Revolt was an act to reject Catholicism because it was threatening their own
culture. The Pueblo Revolt was an attempt to preserve the kind of life which they thought the gods
had ordained and which aliens were obviously destroying (Weber, 1999, p. 227). The Pueblo Indians
feared that the Spanish colonist would destroy all aspects of their religion, like sacred texts and
structures, which were indispensable and would be essential for the survival of their Pueblo

Synopsis Of The Film 'After The Mayflower: We Shall Remain'
Paper 1
Part 1: At the start of the film After the Mayflower: We Shall Remain, the English and the Native
Americans celebrated the first Thanksgiving together in 1621. Both groups of people seemed
trusting of each other and showed personal respect. At this time the Wampanoag Indians had the
power and chose to use it to form a treaty with the weak English Pilgrims. The two groups shared
everything and traded their assets with each other. As the film continued there was an obvious
change in power to the English with more and more Puritan immigrants from Europe arriving. By
the end of the movie the English decided to use their power to control all lands instead of keeping
the treaty with the native people. The English "thanksgiving" at ... Show more content on
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Many Indians chose to convert out of fear with assurance by the English that they would be
provided with physical security. Physical security was taken from the Christian Native Americans
after King Phillip's War. All of the Native Americans living in the English controlled prayer towns
were sold into slavery. Throughout the end of the film I noticed that the English used the Native
Americans to their convenience. They continued to honor the treaty until they had found enough
power to wipe out the Indians. As the Wampanoag tribe still held their ground, the English were
willing to have peace with the Indians but only if they converted to Christianity. After all non–
Christian Native Americans were wiped out; the English no longer saw a purpose to keeping the
Christian Native Americans around. At their convenience, they sold the remaining Native Americans
into slavery.
Part 2: The Pueblo Indians lived in the area of America that is now named New Mexico. Just like the
Wampanoag Indians in Massachusetts, the Pueblo Indians tied spirituality to the land they lived on.
Their creation story shows some of the spiritual bonds to their land. "...With the aid of Badger and
Locust, the sisters climbed though a hole in the ground and at once created the mountains, lakes, and
canyons of Pueblo country" (Sando 22). Since the Pueblos believed that their people had actually

Anasazi Disappearance
The History and the Disappearance of the Anasazi Introduction: My topic is the history and the
disappearance of the Anasazi. I chose this topic because I am from Colorado and we visited Mesa
Verde on school trips. I find the Anasazi culture interesting and doing research on them seemed like
it would be enjoyable.
` The Anasazi populated the four corners area of Utah, Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona. They
became independent somewhere between 200 and 500 A.D. and disappeared 1100 years later
leaving behind many remains. There are many theories about what could have happened to the
Anasazi but the speculation with the strongest evidence is that they scattered due to drought and
decreased resources. Despite their disappearance, the Anasazi ... Show more content on
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The article "Riddles of the Anasazi" states "Using data from tree rings, researchers know that a
terrible drought seized the Southwest from 1276 to 1299; it is possible that in certain areas there was
virtually no rain at all during those 23 years." No rain for 23 years would be a justified reason for
them to find other places to live. The Anasazi also chopped down many trees for beams and
firewood which lead to deforestation. There is also evidence of an even longer drought from the
years 1130 to 1180 which shows that they were strong enough to withstand droughts before. It
doesn't make sense for them to last through a 50 year drought then leave because of a 23 year
drought therefore it is still a mystery what caused them to leave. The evidence isn't strong enough to
know if this is why they left for certain but there is more evidence that supports this is than any
other reason for their

Modern Day Walls
Throughout time walls become beaten, broken, and worn down; and from start, to finish, they
observe it all. Walls are inanimate objects, yet they have the ability to watch life flourish or
deteriorate around them. From BC to the future walls will continue to possess the power in watching
life go on. They remain on the sidelines as a bystander to life's constant change. Additionally, they
were able to witness religion, community, and civil rights unfold into modern day headlines. Walls
have eyes with the ability to see all; they are the only visible structure that has witnessed humanity's
day to day life throughout history.
The Hagia Sophia located in Istanbul, Turkey once was a Greek Orthodox Christian patriarchal
basilica, later an imperial ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the event of the inappropriable, the bus walls were able to witness a moment in history where
segregation wasn't a thing, but instead, civil rights were voiced. The Montgomery City code at the
time required that public transportation is segregated. On top of the law, bus drivers had the "power
of a police officer of the city while in actual charge of any bus for the purposes of carrying out the
provisions" (Biography). She had taken a seat within the first few rows that were labeled for
"colored" passengers. In the event that this happened, the city bus ordinance didn't specifically give
authority to demand a passenger to give up a seat disregarding their color. Her efforts in standing
behind her beliefs led to a nationwide effort in ending segregation referring to public facilities. As
something as monumental as this, the bus walls witnessed the immaculate change in

Ruth Benedict’s Ethnography of Pueblo Culture, Patterns...
Response Piece – Silko & Benedict
As noted in the response by Janet Tallman, there are three main themes concerning Ruth Benedict's
ethnography of Pueblo culture, Patterns of Culture, and Leslie Marmon Silko's novel Ceremony.
Both detail the importance of matrilineage, harmony and balance versus change, and ceremonies to
the Pueblo Indians. It is important to note that Silko gives the reader a first–hand perspective of this
lifestyle (she was raised in the Laguna Pueblo Reservation), while Benedict's book is written from a
third–person point of view. Because of this, it was fairly easy to see how much of the actual culture
was overlooked or misinterpreted in Benedict's work. While the above–mentioned themes about
Pueblo Indians were ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As the eldest daughter in her family, it is her duty to tend the household, took after her mother, and
to raise Tayo after he was abandoned by his mother at a young age.
In contrast to her strict adherence to Pueblo life, she is also a devout Christian. At several times in
the story there are references to her polishing her church shoes with great care, or reading out of her
large black bible. In Benedict's ethnography, this would be as result of the culture selecting from
among the possible traits in the surrounding region those traits which it could use, and discarding
those which it could not (Chapter 3). Her husband Robert represents the role of husband and
provider in their matrilineal culture –"he was patient with [their family] because he had nothing to
say. The sheep, the horses, and the fields – everything belonged to them, including the good family
name (pg. 32)." The only man who was able to assert himself in the family by right is the eldest son,
Josiah.
Auntie and Robert's son Rocky is the representation of Indian youth fully embracing American
culture. In another contrast to her set ways, Auntie sees her son as the one way her family will gain
respect with the Laguna people again. She sends him to boarding school to learn Western ways, and
is proud of his embrace

Hopi Culture Research Paper
History Hopi means peaceful ones, or hopeful. The Hopi are a sub tribe of Pueblo, formerly called
Moki, or Moqui. The Hopis regard themselves as the first inhabitants of America. Their village of
Oraibi is indisputably the oldest continuously occupied settlement in the United States." While Hopi
oral history traces their origin to a Creation and Emergence from previous worlds, scientists place
them in their present location for the last thousand years, perhaps longer (Waters, 1963).
Archaeologists definitively place the Hopis on the Black Mesa of the Colorado Plateau by 1350. The
period from 1350 to 1540 is considered the Hopi ancestral period, marked primarily by the rise of
village chieftains. The Hopi culture was firmly in place by ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
They believe they are the world's caretakers and need to preform rituals and ceremonies to keep the
world in balance to bring rain and please the Gods. Rituals and ceremonies guide most aspects of
their lives and are handed down through centuries from ancestors. The Hopi value life, the earth, and
believe there is a spirit in everything. They look to Earth Mother, Sky Father, Sun, Moon, Maasaw,
which is the world's guardian spirit, and Kachina dolls. Kachina dolls are made of wood and are
spirits, often the dolls are carved to teach their children the names and powers of the different spirits.
The Kachina dolls are used in rituals and ceremonies along with different dances to bring rain and
grow crops. There are over three hundred different strong spirits that control nature. There are three
key aspects of ceremonies. The kiva, the paho, and the corn mother. The kiva is an underground
circular room where rituals are done in private and then ceremonial dances are performed for the
public. The paho is a prayer feather taken from eagles used to send prayers to the creator and lastly
the mother corn, which is a perfect ear of corn saved from the harvest for rituals. Although some
concessions to modern convenience have been made, the Hopis have guarded and persevered their
cultural

Analysis Of The Man To Send Rain Clouds
The short story "The Man to Send Rain Clouds" by Leslie Marmon Silko is a deceptively simple
narrative about the death and funeral of an old man of the Laguna Pueblo tribe of Native Americans.
Set in the desert southwest of the United States, the story is narrated from an omniscient point of
view, and describes the discovery of the old man's body, the preparation of the body for burial, and
the interaction between the family of the dead man and the Catholic priest who lives on the
reservation. The author uses very simple language and unsophisticated descriptions to describe an
intricate and complex relationship between the Christian culture of the priest and the religious
culture of the Pueblo culture. Descriptions of the bleak landscape ... Show more content on
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As they are wrapping up Teofilo's corpse, Leon ties a gray feather in the old man's hair with a piece
of twine. Ken hands him paint and he decorates the old man's face with stripes of white, blue,
yellow and green stripes. Leon tosses pinches of cornmeal and pollen into the air. The narrator does
not describe the significance of these actions, but it is obvious that these are ritualistic activities that
have to do with funeral rites. The men wrap the corpse in a red blanket and carry it up to their truck.
At this point the reader becomes aware that the men must have anticipated that Teofilo was dead
when they went out to the sheep encampment. Why else would they have brought the paint,
cornmeal, pollen, and red blanket? The men appear to be filling their parts in a predetermined
drama. Before placing the blanket–wrapped body in the back of the truck, Leon addresses Teofilo's
corpse: "Bring us rain clouds, Grandfather." (Silko, p. 358).
On their way home, the men encounter the local priest, Father Paul. The priest asks them if they
have located Teofilo, and they demur, telling him only that everything is fine at the camp. The priest
interprets this to mean that Teofilio is well, and he tells them that the old man is too frail to be left at
the sheep camp alone. The men assure him that they won't be doing that again, and the priest and the
men part. The priest believes that they have

Examples Of Individualism In The Last Conquistador
Rayhan Hassanin
GOVT–2306
Peggy Connally
Film 1 "The Last Conquistador" "The Last Conquistador" is a film that accurately represents how
our society and government works. While the rich are sometimes ignorant, they are powerful
leaving those in poverty with little to no power. While the Acoma Pueblo American community
knew of a different side to Juan de Oñate, the rich knew only of his greatest accomplishments. Juan
De Oñate was the "...conquistador who established the colony of New Mexico for Spain. During his
despotic governorship, he vainly sought the mythical riches of North America..." ("Juan De Oñate")
but is most known for founding the southwestern United States. He is praised and celebrated, but
most people are ignorant to his inhumanity. An example of individualism in "The Last
Conquistador", is John Houser's initiative to build the statue. This is a great example of
individualism because Houser acted on his own to make the statue, and have it 34 feet tall. He is the
one who put the work and effort in the statue and perfected it to the best of his ability. An example
of moralism is the City Council representative, because he was fighting for the common good of
everyone. His point was that the tax dollars were collected from everybody, including the Acoma
Pueblo American community, so it is not fair if it is used on a monument that not all tax payers
support. An example of Traditionalism is the statue being put up despite the Acoma Pueblo
American community's

Pueblo Revolt Research Paper
Many revolts have occurred throughout history, and all of them with great cause. The Pueblo Revolt
of 1680 is no exception. The one aspect about this revolt which makes it special, is the fact it
happened over 80 years after the Spanish occupied their land. This fact alone raises many questions,
but it is more important to know why the Pueblo revolted in the first place. As with any debate, there
are a variety of different answers. Some authors argue the sole reason for revolting was religious
based, while others argue it was the Spanish's cruelty and loss of authority. When it comes to
reviewing other authors work, it is important to consider the type of evidence they use to support
their claim. Taking everything into consideration, the most ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
In addition to working, Spanish priests established missions and demanded the Pueblos to abandon
their religion and convert to Christianity. Although the Pueblo Indians outnumbered the Spanish,
they tolerated these conditions for over 80 years (Weber, 3). By the 1600s, New Mexico became the
center for missionary activity. Despite this, the missionary work and farming were all dependent
upon Pueblo labor. Approaching 1680, the Pueblo population began to dwindle from 60,000 in the
1600s to 17,000 in 1680. Pueblo towns were separated by hundreds of miles and six languages while
also having no central government to bring them together. Up until the revolt, Spanish rewards and
punishment kept the Pueblo Indians in line and gave them incentive to obey. In addition, the Spanish
also brought new items such as crops, animals, and tools as well as protection. In 1680, secret
calendars from messengers planned on rebelling August 11, messengers were intercepted August 9
so the rebellion was moved a day up (Weber, 5). It was estimated around four hundred of New
Mexico's Hispanic and killed twenty–one of the thirty–three Franciscans. This revolt would later be
known as "the Great Southwestern Revolt". In addition to the carnage inflicted upon the Spanish,
the rebellion influenced several others across Northern New Spain in the same decade (Weber, 6). It
would not be until 12 years later until the Spaniards were able to regroup and reconquer the Pueblos,
but the message was still received (Weber,

Native American Museum Essays
George Gustav Heye Center – The Smithsonian's National Museum of the American Indian is a
fascinating building at the Bowling Green area of Lower Manhattan. It's close to Battery Park that
displays an elegant view of the water. You can see ferries floating by headed towards Staten Island,
since South Ferry Terminal is nearby. It allows you to appreciate the hidden gems of the city located
in the outskirts Manhattan. One of those very treasures is the museum mentioned previously.
The Museum of the American Indian is directly in front of the Bowling Green Park with a water
fountain at the center. From the park view you can see the front of the museum. It has stone steps
with statues on the sides. Walking in to the museum up the grand ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Time Exposures: Picturing a History of Isleta Pueblo in the 19th Century exhibit was reflected
everything that was covered in anthropology class, such as the influence of imperialism taking over
Native American culture and society. "This exhibition, organized by the Pueblo of Isleta, tells the
story of life on the Isleta Indian Reservation in the 19th century and its lasting effects on life today."
The Smithsonian press release explain that "In 1881, the railroad companies forcibly took land in
the center of Isleta Pueblo in the Rio Grande Valley and the rail lines built there brought scores of
tourists." Overall, the Time Exposures portray the Isleta Pueblo Native American lives before the
arrival of other visitors. Furthermore, the changes imposed on the Natives in the subsequent years,
along with the ways in which the people of Isleta Pueblo attempted to preserve their way of life.
"'Time Exposures' is divided into three parts. In the first section, the cycle of the Isleta traditional
year as it was observed in the mid–19th century is detailed. The second section describes the arrival
of the Americans and the how this disrupted the Isleta way of living. In the third section, the exhibit
examines the photos themselves as products of an outside culture. While exploring the underlying
ideas and values of the photos, the exhibition questions their portrayal of Isleta people and ways."
In this exhibition,

The Pueblo Revolt of 1680 Essay
The Pueblo Revolt of 1680
All through the history of the world there have been superior civilizations that have taken over other
groups and have forced them in to situations that would seem unimaginable to the most people
today. The same situation once happened to the native people that live in what today is considered
the south west of the United States. In 1550 Francisco Vásquez de Coronado led a Spanish conquest
in the Rio Grande valley the area that a number of pueblo people made this area there home and
sacred lands. With Coronado eading the way the gate was opened to the rest of the Spaniard who
were looking for their share of fame and riches. After Coronado fruitless search of the seven cities of
gold, then Juan de Oñate ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As the same happened the of the pueblo revolt of 1680. The entire thing that the historian's point out
the there are a great deal of circumstances that would make the pueblos revolt. Henry Warner
Bowden argues that religion what the primary cause for he pueblos to unite and over throw the
Spaniard regime of the southwest. Historian Ramon A. Gutierrez points out that it was the skillful
Franciscans who where at first ale to manipulate the Pueblos in to taking the new religion, but after
time the pueblos lost interest and where no longer amused by the new religion that was forced upon
them. According to Van Hasting Garner the reason that the pueblos took up arm is due the
immediate events that happened in that era for example; drought, famine and the apache raids of the
1670's. New Mexican priest Angelico Chaves points out that the reason for the pueblo revolt of 1680
that the actions of Doming Naranjo, a mixed Indian created a stir united the pueblos and created the
Revolt. The last argument in the book made by Andrew L. Knaut is the reason for the pueblos revolt
of 1680 is that It was just the right time since the pueblos had been resentful towards the Spaniard
and with in time the Spaniards lost their ability to keep the pueblos intimidated.
The argument that I agree most with is that

The Upper Rio Grande Essay
The Upper Rio Grande
Change is an unavoidable part of life. For some, change can bring promise and a new beginning. For
others, change disrupts what is routine and normal and makes what is new seem strange and
unfamiliar. The history of North America has been shaped by change ever since Columbus first
discovered the continent in 1492. With that discovery, the continent would never be the same again.
More specifically, the Native American tribes who first inhabited this continent would never be the
same.
Over the years the Native Americans would see new explorers and missionaries take over the land
that was once theirs and claim it for another country. The traditions, customs, and culture of these
Native Americans inevitably ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Finally, this paper will give an overview of the native people of the Upper Rio Grande during the
19th century and their interaction with the rest of New Mexico.
From 1598–1606, Don Juan de Orate colonized the Rio Grande area. The Spanish settlers came with
more than just colonization on their minds. Orate and his men were hoping the area would prove to
be a huge resource of gold and other valuable resources. Meanwhile, Spanish missionaries brought
Christianity to the Indians (White, 6).
Orate entered the area now known as New Mexico with a group made up of "130 families, 276
single men, 83 wagons and carts, 11 Franciscan Friars (and) 7,000 cattle herded by drovers on foot"
(Horgan, 161). At a celebration of the settlement, Orate asserted what he believed was a rightful
claim to the land that was already occupied by Pueblo Indians. Before kneeling at a cross and asking
God for the successful conversion of the native people, he said "I take possession . . .of the lands of
the said Rio Grande, without exception whatsoever, with all its meadows and pasture grounds and
passes . . . and all its native Indians (Horgan, 165). The Spanish did not take no for an answer.
They took supplies from the Indians; sometimes paying for them, sometimes not. They were
ruthless.
Within a year of Onate's speech, the Indians showed their disapproval of the arrangement as

Analysis of Ramon Gutierrez Novel: When Jesus Came, the...
The Intruders Ramon Gutierrez, the author of book When Jesus Came, the Corn Mothers Went
Away reveals through research and evidence what occurred in New Mexico during 1500–1846. The
Spaniards had difficulty submitting the Pueblo Indians, living in New Mexico however it was not an
easy task. In addition, the Pueblo Indians are faced with another intruder the Franciscans who claim
will save the natives' souls. This book shows the native perspective and their social lives before and
after the Spaniards intrusion into New Mexico. These intruders, the Spaniards and Franciscans,
forcibly alter the natives' culture, marriage, and sexuality, claiming to civilize these savages. These
events are easily comprehensible due to the structure of the book. Ramon Gutierrez' book
categorizes the information into three parts making it simpler for people to understand what
transpired. The three categories are as follows: the sixteenth century, the seventeenth century, and
the eighteenth century. The first category presents the Indians way of culture before the Spanish
influence. The book goes into the mindset of the natives, letting the reader see the Indians in a
different angle than what other presents them. Usually, the Indians are portrayed as unintelligent,
uncivilized Indians without a structured society in biased books, however this book gives a more
unbiased view. The beginning several pages of the first section reveals how their religion came
about and how the Acoma Indians

A Southwestern Indian Culture Among Us Today: The Hopi...
A Southwestern Indian Culture Among Us Today: The Hopi Indians
Did you know that the Ancient Indian people of the Southwestern United States have dated back to
the year 10,000 BC? First appearing toward the end of the last Ice Age, they were the first
"Americans." (Noble, 1998) When Christopher Columbus arrived in the America's in 1492 and
seeing the people of this land for the first time, he thought that he had landed in India, thus giving
them the name "Indians." (Noble, 1998) However, he was nowhere near India, or that region of the
world. Because the Ancient Indians were nomadic people, (people who wondered the lands with no
permanent home) through the years they developed, separated, and re–located their clans,
developing ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The corn also required the daily attention of watering, weeding, and protecting the plants from
dessert wildlife. Animals such as rabbits, deer, birds, and even some rodents would eat and destroy
the crops if left unprotected. As the Anasazi's skills grew, so did their crops. They soon began to
grow crops of beans, squash, and cotton with techniques that included canal irrigation and
handmade tools. Some of the canals dug by the ancient Indians are still in use today. They received
modernization and re–dug to accommodate the needs of modern use. Even with all their advanced
skills, the Anasazi soon disappeared. Studies have shown that the Anasazi people lived for
approximately two thousand years. Possible reasons of their disappearance might include drought,
declining resources such as food and water, and disease.
The Sinaqua Indians appeared after the disappearance of the Anasazi. The Sinaqua arrived about
1300 years ago and lived for about six hundred years. In Spanish, the word Sinaqua means without
water. "Harold S. Colton, the scientist who identified this culture, called the Sinaqua when he
noticed how arid the country was around some of their sites." (Noble, 1998) Many Hopi of today
believe that their ancestors once lived in the Sinaqua pueblos (adobe dwellings or houses made from
a mud mixture) in Northern Arizona. Montezuma's Castle and Tuzigoot are both surviving dwellings

Analysis Of I Have Killed The Deer
Tradition is a part of something as big as a cultural identity, or as small as a family obligation.
Traditions are not loved nor understood immediately, however with time the importance of tradition
becomes evident as it makes people unique and united. As a kid, serving meals every thanksgiving
may feel insignificant and tedious, but as an adolescent the small amount of time spent as a family
doing something annually has a lasting impact on one's values. Frank Waters' fictional novel, The
Man Who Killed the Deer, Martiniano struggles to find a faith after he illegally kills a deer. Neither
the whites not the Indians seem welcoming because he offends both by breaking the law and not
showing respect to Indian ideology. The deer continues to haunt him until he understands the role of
nature and the cycle of life. The poem "I Have Killed the Deer", written by a Taos Pueblo Indian,
emphasizes the importance of equality and the mystical connection with nature. Both works
highlight the unique Indian perspective of nature and its contribution their identity. Both Martiniano
and the Taos Pueblo Indian use nature to provide life; Martiniano's self–centered view on the old
Indian traditions prevent him from finding peace in a faith, while the Taos Pueblo Indian fully
appreciates and understands his role in nature.
While both Martiniano and the Taos Pueblo Indian use death to provide themselves with life, the
two show a different level of respect to the role of nature. After Martiniano

The Pangea
Historians have to rely on the work of archaeologists to write the history of ancient North America
because there has not been any solid evidence of written materials. In 1492 they did not use the form
of writing to show possessions, they instead used many forms of symbolic representations.
Historians relied on archaeologists and ethnohistorians to gather ancient artifacts such as bones,
baskets, jewelry, and so forth to tell their story.
In the beginning, human beings lacked access into the Western Hemisphere because North and
South America became detached, known as the Pangea. The Pangea was fractured due to the
powerful forces deep down in earth and it eventually pushed continents apart until the present day.
But after two major developments, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The people in the empire wanted to stay powerful and wealthy, so they believed that doing tribute
was very important. They often did human sacrifices to suffice the sun's cravings for blood, they
believed that it would keep the sun burning and prevent permanent darkness upon the earth. They
also conquered tribes and made them pay in goods, rather than money. They included textiles,
human offerings, basic food, and exotic luxury items. In order for the empire to stay powerful and
wealthy, they would "redistribute wealth from the conquered to the conquerors, from the commoners
to the nobility, from the poor to the rich" (Roark et al. 23). This would later make the Spaniards
vulnerable to them and be

Cannibalism And Ansazi Civilization Summary
The key or lead figure and researcher for the "Cannibalism and Anasazi Civilization", was Dr.
Christy Turner (1933–2013). Dr. Turner was an anthropologist, who also taught classes at ASU
(Arizona State University). When Dr. Turner passed away in July of 2013 ASU made a touching
statement on their former employee, "Turner was a prolific and influential researcher for more than
40 years." (ASU: In memory) ASU also stated Dr. Turner had, "His broad interests spanned the
world and all four fields of anthropology: physical anthropology, archaeology, linguistics and
sociocultural anthropology." (ASU: In memory. https://asunow.asu.edu/content/memory–influential–
anthropologist–christy–g–turner–ii )
Dr. Christy Turner is known for unveiling the acts of cannibalism that had taken place in the Anasazi
civilization. According to an article in the LA Times, "Dr. Turner had looked over 76 sites
previously excavated in 1893. These sites had shown signs of violence and possibly cannibalism.
According to Dr. Turner 38 out of the 76 sites, majority in the 90–mile radius from the Four Corners
area, approximately 286 people had been butchered and eaten." (LA Times:
http://articles.latimes.com/1998/dec/20/local/me–55814/2 ) Dr. Turner had a hard time due to the
fact that no one wants to believe that someone could do that to another person. Especially, from the
Hopi nation. The Hopi nation stated, "arguing that the claim of cannibalism is a slanderous stain on
their ancestors." (LA Times:

The Coming of the Spanish and the Pueblo Revolt (Hopi)
"The Coming of the Spanish and the Pueblo Revolt" (Hopi)
"The Coming of the Spanish and the Pueblo Revolt" (Hopi) illustrates how the interactions of two
distinctly different groups of people inevitably change the dynamics of each group, collectively and
individually. This story is told from the Hopi perspective, but the outcome of the Pueblo Revolt is
historically validated. It is the events described in this story that show how the Hopi and the
Spaniards change by contact with each other. A few of the changes for the Hopi were the upheaval
of their Utopian–like existence by the arrival of the Spaniards, the need to practice their religion
secretly, and the determination to use violence to defend their own, even though it was ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A brother of one of the victims confronted the abuser of his sister, but was frightened away. It was
discovered that these abusive practices were occurring in other areas so the Hopi, as well as other
Indian groups, banded together to revolt. This ultimately led to the revolt of the Hopi toward the
Spaniards, as all Priests would be killed on the fourth day after a full moon. The very premise of the
Spaniard's mission to America (perpetuation of

Authentic And Cultural Background Of The Apache
Authentic and Cultural Background of the Apache
The Athapaskan–talking individuals of the Southwest, whom the Spanish and the Pueblos would
call Apaches, initially originated from areas well north of the Canadian fringe.
They entered the fields at some point going before the Columbian voyage, most likely pursuing the
developing crowds of wild ox that rose after 1200, and they assembled another economy and social
structure tweaked to the necessities of the occasionally troublesome environment.
From there on Apache populaces developed, and by 1700 they ruled the western segments of
the southern fields and the mountains of New Mexico. Apaches, more than whatever other
gathering,
tested the Pueblo Indian populaces and also the infringing Spaniards for control of
the political economy of the Southwest.
The Apaches made a place for themselves in the Southwest at an extremely troublesome time in
history, when other tribal social orders endured decrease and demolition.
The Apaches survived and flourished outside the Spanish frontier framework fundamentally in light
of the fact that
they adjusted to the changing biological systems of the Southwest; they modified their economy by
making new techniques for generation and extending or contracting sociopolitical structures to meet
financial requests.
Every now and again such changes incorporated the appropriation of specific parts of European
culture, for

illustration, altered types of pastoralism. Apaches

The Value Of Nature In The Man Who Killed The Deer
Pivotal to their tribal heritage, the Pueblos value the natural world above all else. The native people
feel a living connection with nature; in which the Pueblo find their complete peace through the "bare
granite face of the mountain", the "sacred tribal lake", or "the deep turquoise lake of life" offering
the ecocentric beings comfort (6–7). Waters' novel The Man Who Killed the Deer opens with the
nature calling a strong Pueblo Indian into the woods. The honorable character hears "Grandfather
coyote" and "Grandfather Crow" call out to him, asking him to leave his home and come to the
forest (17). By listening to the "heart of the mountains", synonymous to the "heart of [his] body", he
saves a man's life (17). Truly, "the deep pulse of the mountain" and "the pulse of his own blood [...]
beat together" as one (7). Palemon's experience with nature sets the tone of the novel: the Pueblo
value nature, tradition, and their tribe above all else. The ecocentrism in Pueblo Culture values
balance in nature over any other relationship: if nature lies in peace, then life remains balanced. In
The Man who Killed the Deer by Frank Waters, the author influences the reader to think like a
Pueblo tribe member by using the Pueblo's value of nature to describe the protagonist and his wife.
Waters represents Martiniano's uncertainty between his Pueblo community and the white men from
his school life through his struggles with the natural world. Martiniano's battle with the outdoor
world

Native American Settlers Essay
Before the European settlers came to the Eastern seaboard, the Native Americans lived among
themselves and fought each other for dominion. When the Europeans landed and began building
houses; state and resources became scarce for the Indians causing a breach between the two groups.
The Europeans "Puritans, Spaniards, French" had an altogether different perspective on living life
than the Indians got along. Furthermore, the way the Indians were treated by the European settlers
was wrong and inhumane. The Europeans wanted control and soil and cared little for the natives
taking what is rightly theirs from them. When the Europeans first landed and had a first–hand look
at the natives already living here, they saw them to be not modern people ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
They send people on expeditions that lead their people to land in Canada. They find that the Natchez
Indians are there. They make an alliance with the Indians for trade post through northern America
and the Great Lakes region. They not only had to fight the Indians for trading post but the English.
The French wanted to create trading post going along the Mississippi River, because it goes all the
way down to Gulf of Mexico. When the Indians started rebelling they wanted to redeem their pride
by restoring the world they knew before the French colonized their land (Taylor, 390). The Indians
lose the war and other tribes realize that if they don't fight they will lose all their land. This war ends
up with the French and the tribe in agreement about trade. Additionally, in the end the French want
to be dependent from their home land because they realize how important the Indian trade is and
both groups realize how much they need each other to survive. The European colonist and Native
American relationship are complicated, problematic and difficult for both groups. The Natives they
have to accept the fact they are not living by themselves anymore. They bear to recognize there is
another menace to their existence. While the Europeans have to understand they are not alone on
this continent, they have company. They have to understand that they have competition for survival
in this young country. Both groups have a great deal to learn about each other, and want dominance
in the

Man At The Crossroads
The Man at the Crossroads
Did Nelson do right in destroying Diego Rivera's mural "The man at the crossroads"? The man at
the crossroads was located at the center of Rockefeller center in New York. He was right in
destroying Diego's mural because of several reasons. The first reason is that Rivera didn't achieve
Nelson's vision in how the mural would turn out. The second reason why Rockefeller was right in
destroying the painting was because it was too controversial. The last reason is that Nelson's
reputation would have been ruined by the mural. Overall Rockefeller was right in destroying
Rivera's mural.
In addition, why Nelson was right about destroying Rivera's mural was that his vision wasn't
achieved by Diego. Rivera didn't achieve Nelson's vision in his work of the mural Man at the
Crossroads. According to destroyed by Rockefeller, mural trespassed on political vision(2014)," She
wonders what made the Rockefeller think that Rivera's vision would be the same as theirs."
According to the text, it is saying that the Rockefeller vision was different forms Rivera's vision of
Man at the Crossroad. "Rivera didn't achieve Nelson's vision because Nelson ... Show more content
The painting was too controversial because it epitomizes the infringement upon the freedom of
expression. According to the man at the crossroad (2010), "The painting was controversial because
it included an image of Lenin and a soviet May Day parade (paragraph 1)." This shows that Rivera
mural had controversial events and people, in his mural called Man at the Crossroad. "I understand
where you're coming from, but Nelson approved Rivera's design of "The Man at the Crossroad."
According to Art and Design (2011), "Instead, the sketch included two machine televisions
(paragraph 3)." Nelson did approve the sketch but he didn't know what was the true meaning of the
painting and how controversial it

Ancestral Puebloans: The Southwest American Indians Essays
Ancestral Puebloans: The Southwest American Indians
"Man corn", warfare and atlatls were not the only interesting aspects of the Anasazi culture. The
history and lifestyles of the Ancestral Puebloans may have contributed to their mysterious
disappearance. Their societies were more complex than most humans realize.
The Anasazi, or to be politically correct, the Ancestral Puebloans, traveled to the Southwest from
Mexico around 100 A.D. (Southwest Indian Relief Council, 2001). The word "Anasazi" originated
from the Navajo word that translates to "ancestral enemies." The name was changed from Anasazi to
Ancestral Puebloans so that their ancestors today do not take offense to the history of the people in
their past.
The Anasazi were ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Their game meat was killed using either a snare, net, bow and arrow, or an atlatl (Ferguson, 1996).
An atlatl consisted of a throwing stick with a separate dart, it functioned almost the same as a bow
and arrow does (Roberts, 1996).
The Anasazi have been characterized into two categories: Basketmakers and Pueblo. The
Basketmaker people were then divided into subcategories: Basketmaker II and Basketmaker III. The
Pueblo however, were categorized into four subcategories: Pueblo I, Pueblo II, Pueblo III, and
Pueblo IV. The people remained the same, only little things in their society changed (Roberts, 1996).
The early Basketmakers are known for their yucca–leaf woven baskets. These baskets were so
tightly woven that water was stored in them regularly. They used yucca leaves for medicinal
purposes and made sandals out of the yucca leaves as well. They lived in caves and on rock ledges,
but they soon began building pithouses to store food. They made their tools and hunting gear out of
bones and stones (Ferguson, 1996).
By the late Basketmaker time, pottery was replacing yucca baskets, and the bow and arrow was
replacing the atlatl. The lifestyles of the Basketmakers changed slightly as they evolved into the
Pueblo period.
By A.D. 700, the Anasazi people were categorized as Pueblo (Ferguson, 1996). The Pueblo people
built great kivas and used simple black–on–white pottery. By the Pueblo II times, "Great Houses"
and more great

Anasazi Tribe
The Anasazi The Anasazi people inhabited an area called the Four Corners of Southwest America.
The Four Corners area consisted of northeastern Arizona, northwestern New Mexico, southeastern
Utah and southwestern Colorado.The Anasazi people are the ancient ancestors of the modern Pueblo
people that still inhabit Southwest America. The Anasazi people are believed to have first emerged
around 1200 BC however it appears that they had completely abandoned this area by 1300 AD.
Many theories surrounding the mystery of these people have emerged over the years but no
conclusion has been agreed upon. The fear that developed within the Anasazi civilization may have
divided the society into diverse segments that waged war upon each other until only the most
aggressive parts of the culture survived to move on. The Anasazi people began as hunters and
gatherers. They eventually began to settle into more permanent structures and began growing their
own food. They primarily grew corn and squash and they built storage bins to store their excess
food. The early settlements were homes built underground and lined with rocks. The homes were
covered with beamed and thatch roofs. As the culture evolved they began to build more elaborate
houses both underground and above ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While the reason for the move is unknown; It is believed by some that the intricate structures were
built to protect the people from hostile nomads. The structures are built high into the cliff sides and
there is speculation as to how the Anasazi could build them and access them. Some of these
dwellings had hundreds of rooms and multiple towers. The towers are placed strategically to see the
plains beneath them leading researchers to believe that they were built for protection. The structures
and artifacts discovered within them show signs of a developing culture and an organized system of

Anasazi Tribe Research Paper
The Anasazi, a tribe of Native American Indians who lived in Colorado, among other places, around
the 13th century, were a civilization of mystery. The Anasazi traveled among parts of Colorado,
Utah, Arizona, and New Mexico. The inhabited the Four Corners and roamed the areas from
approximately A.D. 200 to A.D. 1300. The tribe of Native American Indians moved from place to
place quite often, leaving parts of their history scattered through what is commonly known as the
Four Corners in North America. They were a culture that knew how to use their resources in the
barren lands of Colorado, Utah, Arizona, and New Mexico. The Anasazi are a civilization of
mystery because they left us one question to ponder, "What really happened to ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Four Corners in North America was commonly known for its erratic nature patterns, with
rainfall being scarce, making growth hard even for the scrubby sagebrush and tough pinon and
juniper trees that fell across the land (Dold). The Anasazi knew how to adapt to these changes by
moving quiet often. The Anasazi changed residences frequently, often settling in an area for fifty to
one hundred years at a time (Bell). Hunger–induced cannibalism typically occurs in groups that are
trapped (Dolde). This information provides another key to the theory of the Anasazi tribe being
invaded by rogue foreigners. Archeologist, Brian Billman, says two distinct patterns of human
remains at several suspected cannibalism sites support his terrorism theory (Dold). One pattern
Billman observed was at Cowboy Wash and it showed human remains were scattered on floors, and
the dwellings abandoned soon after. Rogue foreigners could have raided the Anasazi dwellings,
scarce on food, and resulted to cannibalism. The second pattern shoes show remains were not left
lying about but were dumped into trash pits or unused rooms. Billman thinks the first pattern
occurred in victims' homes, where they were cut up and consumed. The second pattern occurred in
sites belonging to the perpetrators, who continued to use their homes after processing the bodies
(Dold). This evidence leads to the theory that

The Anasazi Indians
It was during the time period that Christ was born that the Anasazi Indians appeared in the Four
Corners area which is the area where the boundaries of Arizona, Utah, New Mexico and Colorado
meet. For the over a thousand years the Anasazi thrived and built their homes into the side of cliffs.
These cliff dwellings could only be reached by climbing and made for a great defense system
against enemies; some dwellings reached five stories in height and contained hundreds of rooms.
Many of the elaborate cliff dwellings and terraced apartment houses built of stone, mud, and wood
that dot the Four Corners region still stand today and date back to about 9,000 CE., but the people
who comprised this desert culture did not begin to settle into an agricultural lifestyle until around
A.D. 400. The Anasazi, which is a Navajo word meaning "the ancient ones", likely received corn,
squash and beans, which are a prime source of protein, added to their diet and the knowledge to
raise them from their southern neighbors in Mexico. Vegetable crops provided a reliable food source
that made an increase in population possible and also allowed time for other interests such as
religion, art, ritual, public works and handicrafts. This allowed the Anasazi society continued to
evolve and progress. The ancient ones also possessed beans, a prime source of protein and new
varieties of corn. Other innovations included the bow and arrow which eventually replaced spears
and at least two varieties of dogs

Essay on Maria Martinez and Her Pueblo Pottery
Maria Martinez and Her Pueblo Pottery
One of the most well known figures of the twentieth century pottery world is Maria Martinez. Maria
Martinez is a Pueblo Indian part of the San Ildefondo tribe. Pueblo pottery from the American
Southwest holds a unique place in ceramic art forms of American art. It is full of age–old tradition
and culture handed down form family members and potters of the past. The old Pueblo ways of
creating it still hold true today and have not been changed or influenced like so many other styles in
modern times.
One of the amazing factors involving Maria Martinez's work has been the incredible length of time
that she has spent in producing her pottery. Her life has been spent learning, ... Show more content
The challenge of the task took over the need to make new work or simply utilitarian work. It became
her focal point of all her pottery work and effort. The work was an old style. One more labor
intensive and eventually discarded. As with many other art forms, the original format is often
considered less effective because it produces fewer actual pieces or the intended art. In reality, the
tenacious effort applied in careful traditional processes allows the soul of the artist to infuse the
artwork with the true intended meaning. It has been termed, ? black on Black? work. (Peterson 23)
?Black on Black? sounds as though it may be an unimaginative concept, however, on the contrary it
is truly subtle work, as a matte finish black surface is balanced and blended with a shiner,
polychrome black. Could it be that the juxtaposition of the finishes serves as a metaphor for light in
the darkness compared to flat darkness? Only Maria truly knows. It is almost as though a soft black
is shadowed next to a bright one and the combination of both, create a piece visually greater that is
the two finishes were to stand alone on two separate pieces. Therefore, what Maria has created in
what at first seems to be a simple piece of ceramics, is actually a representation of her own views on
spirituality and beauty (Peterson 37).
By 1918, the years of effort, hard work, and dedication to their passion had paid off for Maria and
her husband Julian. The two had perfected

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