Existential Humanistic Counselling, And The Role Of...

Existential Humanistic Counselling, And The Role Of...
The Phenomenological Focus of Existential–Humanistic Counselling, and the Role of Bracketing A phenomenological focus in existential counselling
relates to the degree in which a therapist attempts to stay with the lived experiences of the client (Spinelli, 1989). The phenomenological method, as
explained by Spinelli (1989), has a foundation of three main rules to guide the therapist. The first rule of 'epoche', recommends putting aside any
prejudices and biases, as well as expectations or pre–conceived judgements that may arise when interacting with a client (Spinelli, 1989). This often
requires the use of bracketing. Spinelli, highlights that completely bracketing perspectives is impossible (Cooper, 2003), However, the main factor
relates to a willingness to bracket perspectives. For example, in the "Love's Executioner", Yalom (2012, p. 3) describes having disbelief that his client
of seventy years could be in love but attempts to bracket this thought by maintaining objectivity throughout the encounter. The second rule called
description, involves a focus on description over explanation (Cooper, 2003). Therapists are recommended to avoid theories and explanations of the
experience, instead making a focus of staying with the lived experience as it actually is (Spinelli, 1989). For example, in "The Wrong One Died",
Yalom (2012, p. 90) avoids an explanation of what his clients dream means, in favour of asking the client to describe the feelings that arose throughout
the
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The Viking Assignment Map Annotation
The Viking assignment
Map annotations:
Lindisfarne, England
One of the first ever recorded Viking raids in England occurred in 793, in Lindisfarne, England; it is more significant than other raids, since it was
their first appearance. A group of Viking sea robbers left the holy island's monastery destroyed and robbed; they stole their unguarded treasures of
Lindisfarne's rich and beautiful sanctuaries.
Since Lindisfarne was called the Holy Island, many people would have given the monastery silver, gold and other treasures, therefore their souls could
find peace through such gifts and the prayers offered. People never thought such a holy place would ever be disrupted foreigners.
The monks who lived on Lindisfarne, had never thought that people ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
His journey started when he was travelling from Norway and tried to reach the Faroe Islands and then he mislead to the east coast of Iceland.
Seige of Paris
At that time the current King of France, Charles the Bald, chose to keep the Vikings away by building barriers across the rivers, which was
unsuccessful. After his death, Charles the Fat, become his successor, but was no better.
In 885, "the Great Army" of around 40,000 Vikings was travelling up the Seine. Their aim was to reach the land of Burgundy in eastern France, since
it was so rich; they had to pass Paris first.
The army's Viking leader, Siegfried, was not there to taken down Paris, all they need was to be allowed to sail up the river. Jocelin, the Bishop of
Paris, and Count Odo on the other hand disagreed, even though their army only carried around 200 men.
The Seige was witnessed by Abbo of Fleury, and wrote: "A battering ram was rigged up inside each machine and covered by a high roof. They
concealed as many as sixty men inside each one. The Vikings finished one, then another and were at work on a Third when death came to them from
the archers on the walls... Thousands of lead balls from their slings fell like hail upon the city and powerful catapults were fired at the walls. (Gibson,

Factors For The Fall Of The Carolingian Empire
The Carolingian Empire included much of the Western and central Europe however it collapsed in fewer than hundred years after the death of
Charlemagne in 814. several factors caused weakening of the Carolingian Empire. The division of Frankish lands many of the male individuals of the
Carolingian dynasty was a primary aspect.
numerous factors contributed to the fall of the Carolingian Empire but the department of Frankish lands among male individuals of the Carolingian
dynasty become one of the most important causes for its downfall because it led to fragmentation of Charlemagne's empire. In reality, the creation of
the Carolingian Empire become in a few quantity a end result of a fortunate accident. the primary Carolingian King of the Franks, Pepin the quick
(751–768) turned into sole ruler because his brother Carloman renounced his role as Mayor of the Palace and went into monastery in 747.
Charlemagne and his successor Louis the Pious, alternatively, ruled the whole Carolingian Empire due to premature loss of life in their brothers and
co–rulers.
The threat of the custom of the Carolingian rulers to divide Frankish lands a number of the participants of the Carolingian dynasty, usually valid male
descendants that brought about the weakening of the Imperial authority and territorial fragmentation became apparent already throughout the rule of
thumb of Louis the Pious. He had to deal with several rebellions of his 3 sons Pepin of Aquitaine, Louis the German and Lothair I

Fat Charlie In Anansi Boys By Neil Gaiman
The book Anansi Boys, written by Neil Gaiman, is centered around a character named Charles Nancy. His father dubbed with the nickname Fat Charlie
and much to his chagrin it stuck. He is engaged and living in London aspiring to have the normal life he never had growing up with his father.
Throughout the first few chapters the audience learns of Fat Charlie's father and their unstable relationship. It appears they are both exact opposites, Fat
Charlie logical and awkward, and his father passionate and supernaturally charismatic. After his mother's death Fat Charlie completely cut ties with his
father, until he receives a phone call letting him know his father had passed away. Upon reluctantly returning home for the funeral he learns some
shocking

Important Relationships In Meg's Relationship With Charles...
Meg actions are unique. She gets in fights with people at school. She does not pay very much attention at school either. She's not usually afraid of
the weather. She thinks that she is a delinquent because barely anyone likes her. Meg is very protective of her little brother, Charles Wallace. Also
she is going through a hard time because her father disappeared and people say he isn't coming back. Another thing is that she screams and fights
with the principal, because he said that her father is not coming back. Meg has many relationships with people, whether they are good or bad. She a
has a very important relationship with Charles Wallace. Charles Wallace can read her mind. She is very close to him. Meg also had an important
relationship

Fat Man Research Paper
Fat Man by: Devin Brandt One of the most destructive bombs in history has the unusual name of "Fat Man." This was the codename for the atomic
bomb that was ultimately dropped on Nagasaki, Japan, in an attempt to end the war in the Pacific between the United States and Japan. This was the
second atomic bomb that was dropped on Japan by the United States. Fat Man was made in the Los Alamos Laboratory and was tested at the Trinity
test site, both of which are in New Mexico. It was delivered by a B–29 bomber. The pilot that delivered the Fat Man was Charles W. Sweeney. The Fat
Man was deployed from the Kirtland Air Force Base In August 1945. The Fat Man was assembled in Project Alberta which was a project that had
over 60 people working on it including scientists and engineers and others.The plane lifted off at 3:47 a.m. They had a go up over 17,000 feet to get at
the height that they needed.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The aircraft was nicknamed that because it was a code name for the B–29. The aircraft pre–war had a lot of failures but engineers in Sweden had to
make the tank bigger for all the weight and people it was carrying. There were nine crewman on the plane at the time when the atomic bomb was
dropped there were two engineers. They had to bring engineers along just in case there was a complication with the bomb not detonating or it not
dropping. On the way back of the days of dropping little boy, the fuel pump was not giving the airplane enough fuel so they had to wait a couple days
to drop the fat man. The B–29 has a history of 3 test sites one including the Fat Man in Sweden so they had to test its durability in to test how fast it
could get away from the explosion before getting radiation poisoning to the

Mongols Barbaric Dbq Essay
The Mongols are barbaric by the way they treat others and how they make their laws and how they keep the order but the Mongols did not show
barbaric when it come up about organizations they were good. The Mongols were barbaric they way they treat other it wasn't fair.John of Plano
Carpini explains in Carpini on Battle Tactics telling that they will kill the people who were overweight they will used that fat and melt it to make
them into a fair ball they believed the fat of fireball was inextinguishable(Document 3).Also John of Plano Carpini say in the military if few people
ran way the people in that group will put to death but if one group decide to ran away the rest of the groups will put to death(Document 2). It's not fair
that

Causes And Fall Of The Carolingian Empire
The Carolingians extended their rule over most Western and central Europe in much less than one 1/2 of a century and became seemed as the renewers
of the Roman Empire after the Imperial coronation of Charlemagne in 800. The Carolingian Empire carried out its best territorial extent throughout the
reign of Charlemagne (768–814) who added Lombardy, Saxony, Danubian simple and Spanish March to the realm of theFranks. but, Charlemagne's
empire began to say no already below his successor Louis the Pious (814–840) and collapsed via the stop of the ninth century.
numerous factors contributed to the fall of the Carolingian Empire but the department of Frankish lands among male individuals of the Carolingian
dynasty become one of the most important causes for its downfall because it led to fragmentation of Charlemagne's empire. In reality, the creation of
the Carolingian Empire become in a few quantity a end result of a fortunate accident. the primary Carolingian King of the Franks, Pepin the quick
(751–768) turned into sole ruler because his brother Carloman renounced his role as Mayor of the Palace and went into monastery in 747.
Charlemagne and his successor Louis the Pious, alternatively, ruled the whole Carolingian Empire due to premature loss of life in their brothers and
co–rulers.
The threat of the custom of the Carolingian rulers to divide Frankish lands a number of the participants of the Carolingian dynasty, usually valid male
descendants that brought about the

The Contributions Of The Romantic Image Of Charlemagne And...
The nation of Andorra credits Charlemagne for gaining their independence in their national anthem El Gran Carlemany. The accredited newspaper, The
Economist features a weekly column entitled "Charlemagne" which focuses on the European Union. For many, the images of Charlemagne and the
medieval age take root in the satirical movie Monty Python and the Holy Grail. But, it is dangerous to take sensationalized history as fact. Authors
such as Einhard who wrote The Life of Charlemagne, and Notker the Stammerer who wrote The Deeds of Charlemagne are guilty of sensationalizing
the life of the Holy Roman Emperor. With their respective versions in mind, it is important to accept the similarities of the romanticized versions as
truth, while further investigating the differences in specific details.
In order to understand the contributions of authors to the romantic image of Charlemagne and the Medieval Ages as a whole, it is important to first
examine the authors, and the advantages they possess.. As discovered in class, Einhard was Charlemagne's friend and personal biographer. This
immediately establishes credibility to Einhard because Einhard was physically present at the events of Charlemagne's life. As author and translator
David Ganz puts it,"His (Einhard's) status gives him a particular authority as the biographer of Charlemagne," (Ganz, 2008, 5). Einhard himself argues
for his credibility in the opening paragraphs of his work, saying,"I was aware that no one could write

Charlemagne And Einhard's Life Of Charlemagne
Charlemagne, translates into English as Charles the Great, was the King of the Franks, who extended his domain to as far south as Italy. We gain
from the two accounts of Notker and Einhard that Charlemagne was instrumental in the spread of culture and expressions to all edges of his kingdom.
By nearly being partners with the Papacy, he spread the Christian message to almost all of Europe. As a consequence of his commitments in different
fields, his rule was appropriately called the Carolingian Renaissance. The two different biographies of Charlemagne, the first version being titled 'Life
of Charles' (originally name Vita Caroli) and is written by Einhard. The second version titled 'Of Charlemagne' (De Carolo Magno) and is thought to
be written ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One thing that has to be pointed out is that Einhard actually lived during the same time as Charlemagne and was a prominent member of the Royal
court and was conscious to the personal and official lives of the King. Already being able to see the value of Einhard's version of the story due to the
great respect and admiration he had for Charlemagne. Einhard begins his version with somewhat giving his reason of why he is writing the biography.
He says that he has taken it upon himself to narrate the public and private life of Charlemagne also calling him his 'foster–father' referring to the way
Charlemagne treated students and courtiers similarly to his own children. Einhard mentions the end of the Merovingian and the start of the Carolingian
dynasties also listing his ancestors because he wanted to give background of the type of kingdom Charlemagne came into. Along with a list of
Charlemagne's military campaigns, following with other details of his life till his death.
Notker who wrote the alternate version lived from (840–912). Notker was separated from Charlemagne's time by several generations, and as such he
had to acquire his information second or third–hand, the value of Notker's work can be seen as subpar compared to Einhard for that fact alone. Notker
wrote this piece for Charles the Fat, the great–grandson of Charlemagne comes across as less academic and more light–hearted. Notker also focused
more on the king's personality for example, his generosity, and acuity of

Battle Of Fontenoy Essay
The Battle of Fontenoy–841 Mistaken by The Battle of Fontenoy in 1745, this battle was the first to come in 841. The oldest son of Louis the Pious
was Lothair. In 840 his two younger brothers Charles the Bald and Louis the German combined to fight him at the Battle of Fontenoy. Victory led to
Charles the Bald receiving western regions from forty miles east of Paris and stretching from the English Channel to the Mediterranean. Louis the
German received eastern regions from the war. He received land just outside Strasbourg, France and from Denmark in the north to the Adriatic. This
was important because the three year Carolingian Civil War was decided by this war. The war was the fought over the territory and while the rivalry
continued into 843, the Treaty of Verdun ended the war and helped shape and influence history in Europe even to this late modern date. Viking Siege
of Paris–885 The French Empire was first attacked by Viking raiders in 799 which eventually led Charlemagne to create a defense system along the
northern coast in 810. The defense system successfully stopped a Viking attack in 820, but failed... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
King John of England was not a good King. The people were angry at the way he used money, and excluded them from court. They refused to fight
his wars. The French were victorious and King John was humiliated. Less than a year later his people became more and more upset and the French
were now revealing their own designs on the English crown he was forced to sign the Magna Carta, which limited his power and formed the foundation
of English democracy.The Magna Carta is one of the most important documents in history. It guaranteed the people rights, and restricted the king to
laws. At the time, England was mainly operated on a feudal system of land ownership. Western Civilization was influenced by the Magna Carta because
the Constitution id based on the common law and Magna

Where Does Mingus Come From Analysis
If It's All About That Bass Then Where's Charles Mingus? Is Mingus Meagan's Lover? Hey! Don't rattle your ice and please don't have a
conversation while you're reading this! That's what Charles Mingus would have said if you attended one of his concerts. Mingus is the master of
double bass, creative genius, fat, hot tempered, depressed and a silly man. Seemingly he has nothing to do with Meghan Trainor, right? Certainly
Trainor wouldn't date a bass player that broke a guy's jaw with a single punch. This punch handicap a trombone player's upper range forever. I couldn't
imagine why Mingus had a reputation of being intolerant! Charles Mingus's actions reveal a tortured intolerant negative man. When we compare the
two, Meghan's musical messages seem to repute the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Mingus came out of his mother. That may be true, but his culture and style of music in which shaped his life comes from somewhere more
complex than a person or place. To find what helped shape Mingus's entire life we must go back in history. When the new world was discovered
many cultures mixed and shared ideas. In the late 1800's ragtime emerged out of African music and European classical, thanks to Scott Joplin. It's
amazing when Europeans and Africans work in harmony instead of hate, because great forms of art and music emerge. If Mingus's music and
culture is so profound why doesn't it show up in pop culture? Where Is Mingus's Music in Popular Culture? To figure out why Mingus is
overlooked today we must ask ourselves these questions: Why do your parents speak to you in a condescending manner? Why do they turn a blind
eye to your message because they don't understand modern language? Why are they unwilling to listen? I think there are Four main reasons parents
fail to see your point of view. 1: Generation Gap. 2: Closed Mindedness to other ideas 3: They think they're Right 4: They lack patience We now know
why Mingus's Music is excluded from popular

Persuasive Essay On A Healthy Diet
In 2010, the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services created a dietary guideline for Americans to give
them knowledge of a healthy diet to maintain their lifestyle. When the 2010 dietary guideline was released, American was at a high concern poor diet
and physical inactivity contributing to overweight and obesity in adults and children two years and older (U.S. Department of Agriculture & U.S.
Department of Health and Human Services, 2010). The 2010 dietary guideline recommends many different objectives on taking on a healthy lifestyle,
especially for those at risk of health issues. However, when used in–properly, it can contribute to the same problems as overweight and obesity. To
obtain having a healthy diet, the 2010 dietary guideline suggests:
Maintaining a calorie balance to achieve a healthy weight (U.S. Department of Agriculture & U.S. Department of Health and Human Services,
2010). In order to do this, you should consume only enough calories from foods and beverages to satisfy your needs and by being physically active
(U.S. Department of Agriculture & U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2010). You could limit your calorie intake daily by using an
app to log all of your foods and beverage and in return, it will calculate how many calories you are consuming. This can make it easier to count
calories. However, if you do not use the app correctly, it is ineffective.
Focus on consuming nutrient–dense foods and

Essay On An Artist Work
An Artist's Work. Sandy Charles was a small five year old boy who loves being creative. He'd like to draw, paint, and color on almost anything that
he could get ahold of. He has an older thirteen year old brother, Jeffrey, who didn't really care much for his younger brother. Sandy wanted to be closer
to his brother since his "mommy and daddy" aren't home that often. Eventually Jeffery gives in one day and lets Sandy watch a movie with him, but
only on one condition – it was a horror film. Sandy just happily agreed, wanting to spend some time with his brother. After seeing the movie, the kid
developed a serious interest for these sorts of films. Very serious interest. This fascination eventually gave him his first best friend, a small... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Filled with pride, the thirst for blood only grew stronger and stronger. After about two months of more horror films and animal artworks, the two
decided that they want to go on another adventure, after watching the horror movie Warlock. Sandy Charles, along with his young accomplice Mary
Bell, decided it would be a joyous time to murder a seven–year–old boy they saw walking down the street. The Sandy stabbed and smothered his
younger victim in the woods, only a few hundred yards from where he was staying with his grandmother. After stabbing him, Charles beat the boy
with a rock and a beer bottle he found in the woods, then proceeded to cut strips of fat and skin from the boy's body. He and Mary then took the body
parts home, cooked, and ate them, confessing that they thought drinking boiled–down fat from a virgin would give them the power to fly – something
they got from the horror film. A month later and joined by that same friend, Mary strangled a three–year–old boy in the same area as the first killing.
She returned to the body and carved an "M" into the boy's stomach, along with scratching his legs and mutilating his genitals,. Afterwards, she
proceeded to slice the tip of her pointer finger off, drawing a small daisy, the carved "M" being the center. After all, all artists put their blood, sweat,
and tears into their works. However, eventually all good times must come to an end. Mary Bell was convicted

Coming to Vinland
By 879 AD, Guthrum's remaining army left Wessex, some following him to his Kingdom and some leaving to life a more settled life in Northumbria
in York. Some assembled on the Thames to form a new army to return to the European continent to begin new campaigns and take advantage of the
political turmoil in Francia with the death of King Charles the Bald (Charles II) in 877 AD. Although with the treaty in place between King Alfred of
Wessex and King Guthrum of the Danelaw, Alfred was saved any major conflicts but still had to deal with the occasional Viking raid here and there
upon his kingdom. Alfred had reorganized his army, rebuilt and built new defenses around the countryside and a navy. Peace between the Danelaw and
Wessex continued until in 884 AD, when King Guthrum of the Danelaw attacked Wessex. Alfred defeated him and made a peace agreement that was
outlined in the Treaty of Alfred and Guthrum. This peace treaty formally drew the boundaries of the Danelaw and allowed for Danish self–rule in that
region. In November 885 AD, a Viking named Rollo (HrГіlfr, possibly Ganger Hrolf (Hrolf the Walker)) was one of the lesser leaders of the Viking
fleet which besieged Paris under the leadership of Sigfred. The Vikings initially demanded a ransom, but the Count of Paris, Odo denied it to them,
even though he could only muster a few hundred soldiers to defend the city. However, even though the Vikings used a variety siege engines, they failed
to breach the Parisian Walls.

Niemann-Pick Research Paper
Niemann–pick disease is a developmental disorder in which sphingomyelin accumulates in lysosomes in cells. These lysosomes are normally used to
transport material through the cell. However, the disorder involves a dysfunctional metabolism of sphingolipids. Niemann– pick is divided into three
different types; A, B, and C. Types A and B occur when cells in the body do not have an enzyme called acid sphingomyelinase (ASM). This enzyme
helps break down a fatty substance called sphingomyelin, which is found in every cell in the body. Since the Acid Sphingomyelinase enzyme is
dysfunctional, sphingomyelin usually builds up in the cells and in turn kills the cells by making it harder for the organs to work properly. For the third
type of Niemann–pick, type C, occurs when the body cannot break... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Other symptoms include loss of function of nerves, the brain, and other organs. The reason Niemann–pick is such a terrible disease is because there is
currently no treatment that has been proven to cure the children affected by this disorder. However, funding will need to be given because there is a
new hope for a drug called Zavesca for those battling this crippling disease. An international study in which the drug was taken for two years has been
showing improvement for neurological symptoms which is why we should invest more money into the research needed to help the 1 in 250,000 people
that are affected. There are several organizations committed to helping the families such as the National Niemann–Pick Disease Foundation, Inc.,
National Organization for Rare Diseases, or NPUK.org. Something I would like to understand better about Niemann–Pick disease is, why does it only
affect certain minority groups from certain parts of the world? For example, type C mainly affects occurs more frequently in people of
French–Acadian descent in Nova

The Origins Of The Viking Age
One of the most interesting times in medieval history is the era known as the Viking Age. When these fierce sea–borne raiders rummaged and
plundered European sea ports of their valuables and treasures. These Scandinavian inhabitants were known to most of the world as a barbaric
group, when in reality, there style of attacking had more skill than the world had seen. They struck fear and intimidation into their victims and
made the whole European seaboard quake in angst for their arrival. Not only did they want to inflict fear into Europe as well as raid them from
their treasures, the Scandinavians were also looking to expand their kind to other parts of Europe due to the lack of land in Scandinavia. One of the
first things most citizens of the world think of when you say Scandinavian is Vikings. However, this is not 100% accurate. The term "Viking" was not
a ethnicity or group of people, it was a job description. It did not apply to women, children or slaves of the time, only the Scandinavian men. The
Vikings were not illiterate, however, they were also not able to write letters and letters of things they partook in. They did something similar to other
Germanic cultures and used a style of runic inscriptions. In the Viking society, their law was fairly straight forward. They took into account the crime
committed, but also the worth of the victim before dealing out the punishment. Interestingly enough, however, individual rank also played a factor in
this decision. For

Biikini Diet Analysis
Bikini Diet The authors of this diet, Dr. Charles Clark and his wife, Maureen Clark, argue that this way of eating to achieve a complete
transformation of the body in just 28 days. On GI bikini diet, eating less carbohydrates and lots of food with low glycemic index (GI), which will
reduce insulin levels and burn the accumulated fat in less than a month. Basics GI bikini diet: Dr. Clark says, GI bikini diet is the best way to get in
the short time, regulating blood sugar levels, lose excess pounds. Normal blood sugar levels reduces the occurrence of insulin, a hormone that plays a
major role in the creation of fat cells in the body. GI bikini diet consists of two phases during one month period, the first 21 days and the last week.

I Am Not My Hair Poem Analysis
"This debt we pay to human guile; With torn and bleeding hearts we smile," this is a quote from the poem, "We Wear The Mask," This poem
explains how people hide their sorrows from the world. This is important because it shows how mask themselves. They hide behind the mask that
could hurt them, which proves that it is harmful to wear a mask. The first reason is wearing a mask is harmful because a person may lose their
identity. This can be seen in the song "I Am Not My Hair" by India Arie. This is a song about a girl named India who changed the style of her hair
to be accepted by others. As a result she realized that everyone wouldn't accept herself for her hair, but for who India was inside. This is shown on
stanza six, "Hey, I am not my... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This can be seen in the short story "Charles." This is a story about a boy in kindergarten, who told his parents that there was a boy named Charles
doing a bunch of bad things, but it was really the boy, Laurie. This is shown on page 11, "Laurie usually adjusts very quickly," I said. "I suppose
this time it's Charles's influence." "Charles?" "Yes," I said, laughing, "you must have your hands full in that kindergarten, with Charles."
"Charles?" she said. "We don't have any Charles in the kindergarten" This evidence proves that his parents didn't get to know Laurie for who he
really was. This means that Laurie wasn't truthful to his parents, and couldn't get the help he needed without telling his parents that he was really
Charles. Laurie being bad could lead to him acting worse and getting away with it. The second piece of evidence is from the story "Funny Boy"
from the Literature and Language book. This story is about a chubby boy who is known as the class clown. Harvey the class clown, makes fun of
himself before anyone else can. This can be seen on page 17, "Isn't necessary? Of course it's necessary! I don't want you go around with the
impression that I get a date! Fat people do date, sir. You see that's one of the great things about a school the size of Whitman
–no matter how fat and
homely you are, there always somebody bad enough to go out with you. (He's trying to make the whole thing sound funny and flippant, but his tear
ducts betray him. Harvey turns his head that Pete can't see the tears.)" This evidence shows how Harvey really feels about himself, and no one gets to
really know who he is on the inside. He wants to be able to confident about himself, but cannot if Harvey keeps on making fun of himself. This means
that Harvey is self– conscious about his weight, and uses his funny ways to distract people from his

The Frankish Domain In The Carolingian Region
The Germanic tribe known as the Franks built up and administered the Frankish Domain from the fifth through the tenth century in the old region of
Gaul (incorporating bits of current France, Belgium, Switzerland, Germany, and the Netherlands). The Carolingian Domain alludes to the lead of the
Carolingian line, which led the Frankish Realm amid the Early Medieval times from 800 to 888 CE. Amid its time of control the Frankish Domain,
traversing parts of present–day France and Germany, had two devout traditions, the Carolingian being the second and most powerful one. The
Carolingian Domain managed the Frankish state in some frame through the mid tenth century. The Frankish Realm under the govern of the Carolingian
tradition was a standout amongst

Jean Baptiste Lamarck And Charles Darwin 's Theory Of...
Trends in Evolution
Background information: Jean–Baptiste Lamarck and Charles Darwin both thought and had ideas on how life on Earth got to be the way it is now.
Unlike lots other people at that time (1800's), they both thought that life had changed gradually over many years and an extended time and was still
changing, that living things change to be better suited and adapted to their environments. Lamarck is best known for his Theory of Inheritance of
Acquired Characteristics. He said that change is made by what the organisms want or need. For example, Lamarck believed that giraffes stretched their
necks to reach food. Their descendants and later generations inherited the resulting long necks. Lamarck also believed that evolution happens according
to a prearranged plan and that the results have already been decided. (NECSI, 2012). Darwin, on the other hand said that organisms are all different
and that those which happen to have variations that help them to survive in their environments survive and have more offspring. The offspring are
born with their parents ' helpful traits, and as they reproduce, individuals with that trait make up more of the population. Other individuals, that are not
so well altered, die off. Darwin also believed that evolution does not happen according to any sort of plan.
We now know that there are four basic parts by which biological evolution takes place. These include mutation, migration, genetic drift, and natural
selection. Each of these

Strategies For Globalization : Reasons For...
Reasons for Internationalisation According to Charles W. L. Hill (2016), "International business refers to, any firm that is involved in international
trade or investment. With that being said, all a company has to do to be classified as a globally recognised company is export and import products to
/or from other countries. Companies decide to go global and enter international markets for various reasons, and these different objectives at the time
of entry should produce different strategies, performance goals, and even forms of market participation. B's decision to go global was simply because
of the demand for their ice cream within the local market as such; they knew that their next big opportunity will be expanding internationally. In an
article in the Trinidad Guardian the author stated that, "The Trinidad and Tobago ice cream market is definitely on an upward spiral since the
take–home sales possibly being the biggest sector with specialty/artisan sales aggressively catching up–one only has to look at the lines outside the
many ice cream vendors around" (Gibbings, 2013). Other reasons why B's Home Made Ice Cream Ltd is going global are: 1.Going global will
increase their export sales because with globalisation B's can now expand their revenues by selling around the world and reduce their costs of
producing in countries where key inputs, including labour, are cheap. 2.B's can gain market opportunities abroad and they can do this by researching
which country has a

Obesity Policy Coalition
Introduction to the Obesity Policy Coalition
The Obesity Policy Coalition (OPC) was formed in 2006 in response to growing concerns about the climbing rates of obesity within the Australian
population which showed a direct correlation with increasing rates in chronic diseases such as diabetes and cancer. The OPC functions with the
primary intention of influencing change in both policy and regulation in order to support obesity prevention with a heavy influence on affected
Australian youth. The OPC undertakes research that it can use to help propose changes to governing bodies and design campaigns.
The Obesity Crisis
This submission directly addresses the growing concern towards the escalating number of overweight and obese people within Australia ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
In fact the Australian Food and Grocery Council (AFGC) are on record as stating that a fat tax would not address our obesity levels at all. However, it
is worth noting that the interests of the Australian Food and Grocery Council remain heavily influenced by the success and growth of the Australian
Food industry which is made up of many companies whose products will incur the proposed tax. Therefore it is not unreasonable to suggest that the
The Australian Food and Grocery Council are not wanting this type of legislation to be introduced for fear of financial loss.
There has been significant evidence that suggest that the proposed fat tax will in fact be successful. As previously stated there already have been
similar attempts made across the globe from which we can learn. However, Iit is both irresponsible and asinine to suggest that the fat tax would fail
in the same way that it had in Denmark as Australia is in a very unique position geographically and by nature the risk of cross border trading is
dramatically

Analysis Of Timshel In John Steinbeck's East Of Eden
Throughout Steinbeck's novel East of Eden, he captures the idea of Timshel through different characters. Many believe that Timshel is left in open,
giving the character the choice. However, Timshel is actually developed in one, they either fight evil with Timshel or give into the dark side. The
biblical story of Cain and Abel has been written in more than one way. The King James version of the Bible states that whenGod speaks to Cain after
he had murdered his brother Abel, God said, "Thou shalt" overcome sin. In the standard American version of the Bible, God says "Do thou" which
means Cain will certainly overcome sin. The Hebrew word "timshel" means "thou mayest" which are the two most important words in John Steinbeck's
novel East of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Therefore, Cain has been given the ability of free will, God has given them the to choice of goodness over evil.
Steinbeck creates the novel making the reader's seek for redemption towards Cain. No one is determined and forced to choose evil even with the
lives they have lived by their parents. The concept of timshel becomes more effective after Aron's death, which Cal blames himself for, and during
the final scene when Adam's, near death, says timshel. Cal may be a descendant in an evil family line of thieves and prostitutes, but he has the ability
to choose his own moral destiny, if he chooses to do so. Cal is not forced to be evil by his family line.
Throughout the text of Mrs. Trask, Steinbeck expresses her as a timshel–less human. As he talks about her wild actions, confessing "to crimes she could
not possibly have committed" (page 15) and drowning "herself in a pond so shallow that she had to get down on her knees" (page 15) the reader is
able to discover that she is a woman struck with evil. As learned later on in the book, timshel means "thou mayest," giving man the decision to choose
between good and evil. With her choice of suicide, Mrs. Trask is unable to escape the path of evil, because she isn't gifted with Timshel.
To convey his views, Steinbeck structures the sentences using a variety of word choice,

The West And The World
HIS 100–810 – The West and the World to 1500– Paper Prep Assignment – October 5th, 2015
Christian Robinson
What problems did Western Europe face after the death of Charlemagne
(d. 814) and how were they resolved?
Charlemagne(Charles the great) king of Frank was a great "warrior king", he controlled the former European core of Western Roman empire,
northern Italy and all Gaul and had absorbed its German and North sea periphery. Later in 814 charles died and the crown was passed to his sole heir,
Louis the Pious. After Charles death Western Europe began its downfall from a once great united europe to a dozens of little states fighting each other.
and this paper will show how an empire of such magnitude and influence could fracture into petty warring states and be powerless against seemingly
weak exterior threats. It will also talk about the conflict between Louise 's son's. Throught the down fall this paper will talk about the attacks the
kingdom faced during the decline from the vikings.
When charles was king he had a goal of uniting latin europe and have it all controlled by a single government. Charles traveled and campaigned
Across europe for forty year Campaigning and increasing his realm of influence. In the 800 Charles had been crowned august the emperor of the
romans by pope leo II, this was the peak of charles rule. some historians say he was also the first holy roman emperor laying the foundations for both
the roman empire and the kingdom of france which

Gertrude Creative Writing
The giant, ravenous beast roared loudly, scaring the flying, hungry birds from their nests. The great beast, while quite intimidating and horrendous,
only wanted to be loved by his insane, screeching aunt. His aunt, who was perceived to be lovely, was not. She was very loud and didn't have much
of a heart. The aunt, whose name is Gertrude, was quite mean to the beast and told him often, that nobody would ever like him, due to him being
seen as gigantic, furry, smelly, old cockatoo. He might have been a gigantic, furry, smelly, old cockatoo, yet, he was one of the cordial creatures in all
of the land. Gertrude, while being a horrendous woman was ordered take care of the beast due to the beast's parents getting eaten by a blooming flower
that... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"Oh, would you like to come back to my cave?" the beast replied.
"I would love to, thank you so much for offering your home to me!" the man exclaimed jubilantly.
"Of course, may I ask what your name is?" the curious beast asked.
"Oh, yes, silly me, my name is Charles Blu" responded the

The History of Earth through the Process of Evolution
Evolution is the process by which the majority of different kinds of living organisms are presumed to have developed and differentiated from earlier
forms during the history of the earth. It is described as a variation of an organism to allow it to adapt to a new surrounding. The change is often very
significant that a new species is formed (Scott,2014). As scientists engrossed in the theory of evolution, speculations about animals started to get
involved. Camels are seemingly obvious examples that evolution occurred. Features that have captivated scientist to examine the camel include their
long eyelashes, ability to close their nostrils, long & strong legs, thick fur & under–wool, thick leather–like patches just below the knees and the fat
stored in their humps (Jason C. Chavis. 2010).
Two very recognised theorists are Jean–Baptiste Lamarck and his theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics and Charles Darwin and his theory of
natural selection. Both naturalists concluded seperate theories of evolution. Lamarck believed that if an organism develops a particular trait throughout
their lifetime to accommodate to its habitat, it will be passed on to their offspring (O'Neil,2004). For example, Jean–Baptiste Lamarck believed that all
giraffes used to support small necks. As the trees grew taller, the leaves of the tree would no longer be in reach of the giraffe, causing the giraffe to
strain their necks in order to consume their food, resulting in the lengthening of

Similarities Between Schlosser And Wilson
Poor conditions leads to poor health and even after these inspections conditions didn't improve as demonstrated in the novel, "Chew On This" by Eric
Schlosser and Charles Wilson. In fact the visits became even less when in 2006 only 9,164 inspections were conducted (food inc.). What this
corresponds with is an increase in foodborne illnesses. NBC News can be noted as saying in 2009, "Ten years ago, a team of CDC scientists put
together the best enduring estimate of how many Americans get food poisoning each year: 76 million illnesses, which resulted in 325,000
hospitalizations and 5,000 deaths." (nbc.com). As the number of chains began to increase soi did this number. This evidence is no coincidence. The
CDC scientist mentioned previously also can be noted as saying the "1 in 4 americans are affected by foodborne illness each year" (nbc.com). In
correspondence to this researchers who wrote the book, "Chew on this" stated "One in four children and forty percent of all teens eat fast food daily."
(Schlosser/Wilson 8). Without jumping to conclusion researchers are able to conclude that the increase in fast food visits directly connects to the steady
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the film, "Super Size me", a man takes part in a 30 day journey of only eating McDonald's. Required to only eat menu items and accept all offers
to "Super Size" his meal (making his fries and drink more than double the regular size) , the man made it the entire way. What was the cause of this
though? Extreme repercussions. The man contracted type two diabetes nearly two months later and frequently got sick during the experiment. One
specific day the man was forced to super size his meal and eat a whopping half pound cheese burger causing him to instantly become sick. The reality
of this though, as presented in the film, is that millions of americans eat a meal closely related to this, on a regular

Letter Of Recommendation: Looking Out The Window
How can you dislike me, you don't even know "me"?
There will always be prejudice. Why? Because if you refuse to see the individual, you will never see "me".
We are living in a visual culture. Only now, unlike in the past, we have the ability to access all types of media at the drop of the hat, thus creating a
need for instant gratification and a never–ending consumption. But, we have always been a visual society. How else do you explain racism, fat
shaming, xenophobia, or other types of visual based prejudice? All of these involve making a "judgment" on how a person looks, or the perception of
someone solely for how they appear. As Sam Anderson writes in his article, Letter of Recommendation: Looking Out the Window,
"I watched the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Blow when he says, " It is in these subtleties that black folks are forever forced to box with shadows, forever forced to recognize their otherness and
their inability to simply blend."
Or, when SARAI WALKER writes, "Since I dared not only to write this story, but also to appear in public as a fat woman myself, refusing to apologize
for my existence or to hide my body in a burlap sack..." in her article, Yes, I'm Fat. It's O.K. I Said It.
She acknowledges that there is nowhere to hide, even though she doesn't want/refuses to.
Or, where Nick Najers point out in The Hollywood Lens on Latinos is Out of Focus, "Society pays the price for the drumbeat of negative stereotypes
that are shaping our everyday lives and building mistrust...The media and Hollywood writers are fostering anti–Latino sentiments when they write
about Latinos from an un–informed point of view. They only add fuel to the fire by promoting stereotypes, as was the case with ABC's sitcom Work It
where the Puerto Rican character actually had the line, "I'm Puerto Rican, I'd be great at selling drugs."
All of these examples reinforce the stereotypes and prejudices that still exist

Analysis Of Bound From Either Side By Rachel Stone
With the patriarchy existing for thousands of years, one can only assume that it has been rocked more than a few times. But could it be in the
ninth–century regarding marriage? Rachel Stone argues in her article that no, it can not be. That even when the patriarchy seemed to be shaken up, the
power still remained with the men.
This paper will provide a brief summarization and a review of the article, Bound from Either Side': The Limits of Power in Carolingian Marriage
Disputes, To 840–870, authored by Rachel Stone. The paper will show that Stone's thesis of her article proved to be executed well and proved by
gathering four primary accounts from the 9th century.
The article, Bound from Either Side': The Limits of Power in Carolingian Marriage Disputes, To 840–870, written by Rachel Stone, provides readers
with an insight on how the majority of marriages disputes in the 9th century were often "won" by the man because of the patriarchal basis of
Carolingian society. Even when the men seemed to be in a fragile state, Stone found that even with a man having a restriction on his power within
society and within the marriage, the masculinity of the men was not questioned and they continued to remain at the top of the gender order.
Stone provides four excellent primary sources that provide back up to the thesis. The sources are of four accounts of marriage disputes in the
ninth–century Francia. These accounts are of four noblemen. All the of the noblemen Stone sources were affected by Carolingian reforming measures
on consanguineous marriage, divorce and raptus (abduction).
Looking at a brief summary of the cases; the first of the four is from Falcric, a vassus of Lothar I. His wife entered a convent and he then remarried.
This breaches the principle of indissoluble marriage. Hincmar, an Archbishop of Rheims excommunicated him for this. Meaning that Falcric could
not partake in sacraments and services of the Christian Church. Falcric appealed to the Pope, claiming that he was not actually married to his first
wife, but she was just his concubine, a woman that lives with a man but is of a lower status than his wife. Hincmar was forced by the pope the accept
the marriage and was to release Falcric of his

Dropping Of Nagasaki Research Paper
Dropping of the bomb– Nagasaki
On August 9th, 1945 at 11:02 A.M., another B–29 bomber, Bock's Car, piloted by Charles Sweeney was sent by the United States to drop over
Nagasaki. The bomb, called Fat Man, was dropped because of the devastation at Hiroshima being insufficient in persuading the Japanese War Council
to accept Potsdam Conference's demand for unconditional surrender. Planning to drop the atomic bomb on August 11th, the United States had to push
forward the date to August 9th because of bad weather. At 1:56 A.M., Bock's Car took off, dropping the bomb at 11:02 A.M. at 1650 feet above the
city. The equivalent force of the atomic bomb explosion was equal to 22,000 tons of TNT. Although the surrounding hills around Nagasaki contained a
good amount of the destructive force, about 60,000 to 80,000 people were killed. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It was also referred to as Mark III, and was the second & last nuclear weapon used in war. The name Fat Man comes from the original shape of the
atomic bomb. It was wide and round. The war machine was an implosion–type nuclear weapon and consisted of a solid plutonium or uranium core. It
weighed 10,800 lbs, and had a length of 10 ft 8 in with a 60 inch diameter. The bomb was roughly the size of a football. The plutonium fuel weighed
approximately 13.6 lbs. The components of Fat Man were ferried to Tinian island before the bombing.
How the bomb implodes:
Explosives around the core fire, creating a shock

How Did Charles Dickens Criticize A Christmas Carol
Over the next few years, Dickens found it difficult to make a novel that would match the success of Oliver Twist (Neill 51). From 1838 to 1841, he
published The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby, The Old Curiosity Shop, and Barnaby Rudge, which were all unsuccessful in his quest for
a novel like Oliver Twist. In 1842, Dickens travelled to America to advocate international copyright because American publishers were pirating his
books, and he also spoke out strongly against slavery. Dickens spoke all throughout America and his lectures were widely attended, "[Dickens] had the
greatest welcome that probably any visitor to America has ever had" ("Charles Dickens Biography"). He wrote American Notes when he returned to
England, and it caused uproar in America (Wilson 62). The novel "criticizes American life as being culturally different and materialistic" (Bloom 73).
His next novel, The Life and Adventures of Martin Chuzzlewit, also displayed America with a bad light by having the setting being portrayed as an
unflattering America. It was begun in 1833 and ran through July 1844 and was about a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A Christmas Carol was the most successful book of the 1843 holiday season. It sold six thousand copies by December and continued to be popular
into the New Year. Eight stage adaptations were being created within two months of the book's publication (Jones). The Chimes was published in
1844 and was about a working class man losing his faith in humanity, but his faith was restored when he realizes nobody is born evil, crime and
poverty are things created by humans (Neill 64). Dickens continued to write more Christmas novels, but none of them proved to be as successful as A
Christmas Carol (Wilson

Henry Cavendish Research Paper
Henry Cavendish was a well known scientist during the 1700's. He is most famous for the discovery of hydrogen, although he calculated the
characteristics of many gases, and the structure of air in the atmosphere.
Henry Cavendish was an english physicist and chemist, a son of Lord Charles Cavendish, he was born at nice, France Oct. 10, 1731. He later died
at the age of 79 on died February 24, 1810 in London, England. At age 11, Cavendish attended school at hackney in 1742 and later went to peterhouse,
Cambridge, located near London, from November 24, 1749 to 1753 but left without graduating (which was a common practice at the time). There is no
record of his activities during the next decade, although it may be assumed that he was active in science, his only great interest. ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
In 1766 he published his first important chemical paper, "Factitious Air," concerning his discovery of hydrogen, or inflammable air. His father's
name was Lord Charles Cavendish, he was the 3rd son of William Cavendish, and the 2nd Duke of Devonshire. His mother's name was Lady Anne
Grey, a daughter of Henry Grey, and the 1st Duke of Kent. They were married when Lady Anne Grey was at the age of 12. Cavendish's mother died
around 1733, three months after her second son was born, who they named Frederick, around the time of Henry's second birthday. This left Lord
Charles Cavendish to bringing up two sons without a mother. Henry Cavendish was an extraordinary and very smart man. In fact, on 1798 he
published the results of his experiments to discover the density of the Earth and remarkably, his findings

Charles The Lamb Analysis
In the two illuminations, a unity of appearance and attributes links Charles to the Lamb and sets in parallel the ways in which the earthly and heavenly
rulers are honored. On facing pages, the Carolingian illuminators depicted parallel terrestrial and celestial ceremonies of the aurum coronarium. Just as
Christ receives tribute in his heavenly court, so his terrestrial counterpart and reflection, Charles the Bald, receives homage in his earthly reign. The
Lamb is in the dome of heaven; the king is under the baldachin's dome symbolizing heaven. Christ's exaltation in heaven is set against Charles'
imperial exaltation. This parallelism between terrestrial and heavenly rulers had been portrayed earlier in the diptych of Charles's Prayerbook (Figs. 6
7) and in the gable ivories of the Throne of Peter (Fig. 4). As Robert Deshman demonstrated, both the diptych and the ivories imply a concept of
imitatio Christi (imitation of Christ) that exalts the ruler in his temporal office and likens him to Christ.
In the Codex Aureus, the theme of Christ's triumph and exaltation has implications for the meaning of the exalted king represented on the opposite
page. Charles's portrait as Christomimetes (imitator of Christ) not only enhances his status and authority among humans but it also conveys divine
inspiration. The Carolingian king is to be considered the divinely appointed ruler on earth and the features of his portrait – the baldachin and the hand of
God – support this image. The

Death theme In the play Hamlet by Shakespeare
Death has always been the most debated subject regarding humans belief. It is part of life, yet a mystery nobody has experienced to tell. It is said to
drive people's actions, however Death is still a mystery as the whole human race still wonders how it acts on people's lives and what is next after Death.
In the play Hamlet, Shakespeare uses the theme of Death to drive the characters actions, and portrays the tragedy through their dialogues and significant
symbols to create a tragic atmosphere.
The first sign of Death is the appearance of King Hamlets ghost. The play is set only two months after his death, which is the lead for the events
following in the play. He appeared at the platform before Elsinore castle as Horatio pictures, with ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When Polonius is alive, Ophelia is absolutely obedient and dependent on him "Ill teach you: think yourself a baby" (I.iii.110 p1338). It is possible
to say that Hamlet indirectly kills Ophelia through slaying Polonius. With her suicide, Laertes her brother is given even more reason to kill Hamlet.
In the chain of Death, the following one is Laertess. He is driven to face his fate by Claudiuss manipulation and Hamlets carelessness. Hearing the
news of Poloniuss death and his sisters going mad leading to her suicide; he goes mad and thirsts for Hamlets blood. However, just how Hamlet
avenges his fathers death with the price of his life, Laertes too will avenge his family in exchange with his youth in the grave.
Death itself is also presented through Hamlet the protagonist character. Although at first he fears Death, slowly he becomes the sword of Death;
and then he becomes a represent of Death after killing Polonius and then in the graveyard scene in Act IV (Boyce, Hamlet 1). Hamlet fully realizes
that everyone's fate is death, regardless of status or wealth. He also realizes that no matter what a person does in life, in death, that person is merely
nothing Your worm is your only emperor for diet: we fat all creatures else to fat us, and we fat ourselves for maggots: your fat king and your lean
beggar is but variable service, –––two dishes, but to one table: thats the end (IV.iii.22–26 p1390). Or again in the graveyard, as he picks up the skull of
Yorick his

Diabetes Care Study Essay
This is a diabetes case study of Mr. Charles D., a 45–year old male who is experiencing classic symptoms of hyperglycaemia. Recently divorced and
living alone in a new home, Charles has complained of recent weight loss, excessive thirst, and frequent urination. He is a busy CEO for a major
technological company. This case study for Charles will educate him as to what are the causes of diabetes: explain the presenting signs and symptoms
emphasize the psycho–social impact to his amended life, and instruct him in the economic impact that he and millions share. Vitally important for
Charles is education and giving him the tools to successfully manage his disease. Charles will verbalize an understanding of all aspects of the disease
and the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Type 2 happens gradually with increasing insulin resistance so weight loss is not as noticeable. (Manzela, 2007). Classic symptoms of diabetes usually
presented with newly diagnosed diabetics are: hyperglycaemia, polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, fatigue, blurred vision, headaches, and unexplained
weight loss. Ketone bodies are found in the urine, this abnormal finding occurs when fatty acid by–products (acetones) are excreted in the urine. The
ketones are present from a lack of the insulin hormone used to metabolize fats and carbohydrates. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life–threatening
complication which results from minimal useful insulin hormone in the body, hypoglycaemia, or insufficient food intake (American Diabetes
Association, 2008). Effects of Diabetes as a Chronic Process Long–term effects of diabetes can cause many serious complications: heart disease, stroke,
blindness, amputations, and kidney disease and nerve damage. These complications are usually progressive and develop over time due to poor
control of blood glucose levels. High blood glucose levels cause a narrowing of all the vessels, blockage, and high blood pressure. This narrowing
leads to poor perfusion of the body and the serious complications affecting the blood vessels of the heart (coronary heart disease), the extremities
(peripheral vascular disease), the eyes (retinopathy), the nerves (neuropathy), and the kidneys (nephropathy). Poor circulation and perfusion results in

Lamark Polar Bears
Introduction:
There are many evidence to support the theory of evolution, such as the fossil evidence, biogeographic, embryos and comparative DNA. Two of the
main statements of the theory of evolution is by Charles Darwin and Jean– Baptiste Lamark. Darwin's theory of evolution is that natural selection was
the process in which species change over time and develop into new species. Where as, Lamark's theory is similar but different, he believes that if a
species has adapt into a new environment, it will passed onto the offspring. Through studies, it's been proven that polar bears evolved from brown
bears due to a split between the two species where they had to adapt into a new environment. Both species have the very similar genotype, but due to
the different environment both species phenotype is different. It is believed that the best statement of evolution is by Lamark where he explains the
species adaption to the environment which will pass onto the next generation.
Evolution of your organism: ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is suggested the split of the two species occurred between 600,000 and 5 million years ago but from researchers, a polar bear fossil was found which
is dated to be about 110, 00 to 130,000 years old. After the split from the brown bears, the polar bear had to adapt and survive in the Arctic where
they learn new skills to hunt seals and surviving in extremely cold weather. For the polar bears to be able to survive the cold, they were able to thrive
on a fat– rich diet without apparent heart damage. The occurrence of the split between polar bears and brown bears was during a warm period where
brown bears may have split their species to the northward and higher latitudes. When the colder climate returned, the polar bears had to be adapted to
the new conditions. This affected the phenotype of the polar bears and brown bears but both species has similar

Pass the Potato Chips Essay
Pass the Potato Chips
Has mankind discovered some fantastic substitute for fat to enable people to eat as many snacks as possible without gaining weight? Recently, Proctor
& Gamble developed Olestra (sucrose polyester), a zero calorie fat–based substitute, at a cost of $200 million. This product has been approved by the
Federal Drug Administration (FDA) with warning labels.
What is olestra?
The olestra molecule differs from a fat molecule in that it has six to eight fatty acids on a sucrose core, as opposed to three fatty acids on a glycerol core.
The bulkier olestra molecule is not digested, absorbed , or metabolized, and thus provides no calories" (Stern & Hermann–Zaidins ,1992 ). It has the
same taste and texture of fat, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Are there any side effects?
There are some interesting drawbacks to olestra. Olestra causes diarrhea and affects the absorption of Vitamins A, D, E, and K. In essence, olestra acts
like a giant sponge, taking nutrients out of the body before they have a chance to be absorbed in the intestines. "Olestra may cause abdominal cramping
and loose stools in some individuals, and inhibits the body's absorption of certain fat–soluble vitamins and nutrients," said Commissioner of Food and
Drugs, David A. Kessler, M.D. ( http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/NEWS/NEW00524.html). In one study, almost one
–half of the group reported having
diarrhea, bloating, and gas disturbances after eating eight grams of olestra, the equivalent of less than the amount of olestra in one ounce of potato
chips (http://plainfield.bypass.com/%7Etwilbur/olestra.html). Since olestra blocks Vitamins A, D, E, and K, these nutrients cannot protect us against
disease. The FDA requires that Vitamins A, D, E, and K be added to all products with olestra. Olestra also blocks the absorption of beta–carotene.
Foods rich in beta–carotene, such as sweet potatoes, broccoli, cantaloupe, and many other fruits and vegetables protect the immune system, and act as
a buffer against cancer and heart disease. "Studies have shown that eating even a small snack bag of olestra–fried potato chips can reduce blood levels
of beta–carotene by 60%"

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