Frac Sand

Frac sand
Frac sand mining has become a booming business. Frac sand is also known as silica sand has many uses and has recently
had a major spike in demand. The silica sand industry recent increase from demand has come from the new oil/natural gas
extraction process hydraulic fracturing commonly known as "fracking". This new demand for more silica sand, and more
silica sand mines has many benefits economically but is also facing strong resistance. As the more and more mines
continue to develop among our region in the Midwest more questions are being asked. Silica sand is made up of very pure
quartz. Silica sand can be found in granite, gneiss, and sandstone. The grains of silica sand can range in sizes from 2.38
millimeters to 105 microns. The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(Dolley, 2011) According to Wisconsin's center for investigative journalism, there are currently 131 mining sites that have
been permitted or proposed in Wisconsin. All of this mining has caused some concern from many people in the area.
Concerns about health risks, traffic, and property value are at the top of the list. With 65% of the sand being transported to
its destination by truck, there is much concern of the noise from the trucks near homes and businesses, as well as the
impact that all of the traffic could have on the roads. (Dolley, 2011) Silica sand mining has its ups and its downs, but one
that looks to be clear is that this booming business is not going anywhere any time soon. With a nation that would like to
become energy independent frac sand may be the key to open that door. The industry may have some people concerned
about what some of the effects of all this frac sand mining may be, but as long as the demand continues to rise there will
still be frac sand mining. The frac sand business has had the biggest impact in the Midwest, as the large amount of
sandstone brings mining companies to the area. References MPR News. (2013, May 1). Retrieved September 17, 2013,
from Frac Sand Minnesota: http://minnesota.publicradio.org/collections/frac_sand/frac_map/ Development, W. D. (2011).
Workforce Connections. Frac Sand
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Grand Canyon Dating
The National Park Service material was both instructive and interesting. To learn the age of the oldest formation in Grand
Canyon, the Elves Chasm Gneiss, was 1.84 billion years old was eye opening. That would mean these rocks formed a
little under 3 billion years from the forming of the Earth. The methods used to date the various rocks in Grand Canyon fall
into one of two methods: Relative dating and Absolute dating. These two methods for dating are accurately named. Since
relative dating is based mostly upon paleontology and the Law of Superposition, it is a dating system which can cover a
very large timespan. Also, there are a few drawbacks to it, the primary one I noticed was that the farther one goes back in
time, the fewer fossils there

Geology Research Paper
Abstract The following paper has four parts. In the first part, the paper describes the process of measurement of
earthquakes and the difference between intensity and magnitude. The paper also comments on evidence of earth's age and
the fact that the oldest possible rocks will never be found. This article also focuses on the effect of new discoveries on our
knowledge about the extinction of dinosaurs. The paper also defines atoms, protons, neutrons, electrons, ions and
isotopes. In the second part, the paper explains the origins of gabbroic, andesitic and granitic magmas. It also gives a
comparison between chemical and mechanical weathering. The paper also highlights the factors contributing to mass
wastage and gives examples of sedimentary rocks that are useful. In the third part, the paper gives the differences between
eight elements. Moreover, the paper highlights the ways in which a stream erodes a channel. The paper also gives details
about drainage basin, drainage pattern and water tables. In the last part, the paper gives the causes behind the dust bowl of
1930's. It also describes the process of glacier formation. Moreover, the paper contrasts the conditions of winter and
summer beaches and gives the reasons behind the changes that occur. Lastly, the paper compares the geological conditions
that are responsible for the formation of petroleum and coal. Measuring Earthquake Size The most common earthquake
measuring scale was invented by Charles F. Richter

Ohio's Ice Age
Although difficult to imagine, Ohio has at vari– ous times in the recent geologic past (within the last 1.6 million years)
had three–quarters of its surface covered by vast sheets of ice perhaps as much as 1 mile thick. This period of geologic
history is referred to as the Pleistocene Epoch or, more commonly, the Ice Age, although there is abundant evidence that
Earth has experienced numerous other "ice ages" throughout its 4.6 billion years of existence.
Ice Age glaciers invading Ohio formed in cen– tral Canada in response to climatic conditions that allowed massive
buildups of ice. Because of their great thickness, these ice masses flowed under their own weight and ultimately moved
south as far as northern Kentucky. Oxygen–isotope analysis ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Lake deposits are primarily fine–grained clay– and silt–size sediments. The most extensive area of lake deposits is in
north– ern Ohio bordering Lake Erie. These deposits, and adjacent areas of wave–planed ground moraine, are the result of
sedimentation and erosion by large lakes that occupied the Erie basin as Wisconsinan–age ice retreated into Canada. Other
lake deposits accumulated in stream valleys whose outlets were temporarily dammed by ice or outwash. Many outwash–
dammed lake deposits are present in southeastern Ohio far beyond the glacial boundary. Peat deposits are associated with
many lake deposits and formed through the accu– mulation of partially decayed aquatic vegetation in oxygen–depleted,
stagnant water.
The term glacial drift commonly is used to re– fer to any material deposited directly (e.g., ground moraine) or indirectly
(e.g., outwash) by a glacier. Because the ice that invaded Ohio came from Canada, it carried in many rock types not found
in Ohio. Pebbles, cobbles, and boulders of these foreign rock types are called erratics. Rock collect– ing in areas of glacial
drift may yield granite, gneiss, trace quantities of gold, and very rarely, diamonds. Most rocks found in glacial deposits,
however, are types native to

The Geological History Of The Valley
Even though, it share similarity to the other region in the Western Northern America province, what make Death Valley
unique is the characters of the mountains and desert valleys are in a grand scale than the others. In addition, varies rock
type and formation which include volcanic, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks makes the valley a great place for
geological study (Green, 1997, p. 9). Today's Death Valley we see has taken millions of years to take its present form. In
this paper, we examining the geological history of the valley and its alluvia fan formation.
Precambrian and early Phanerozoic Age I. Pre–Cambrian Age In Pre–Cambrian time, Death Valley landscape was much
different than what is today. The Pre–Cambrian eon is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Older and new discovery on fossils age diagnostic allows in construction a more rigorous stratigraphic framework of
interval for the Death Valley succession (Fig. 3). The base for the constraints for biostratigraphy was calcareous
microfossils, trace fossils, and megascopic body fossils. The construction of interval of successions allows to indicate the
Precambrian– Cambrian boundary [Corsetti & Hagadorn, 2000]. In the Death Valley, the steep front of the Black
Mountain contain the most widespread Precambrian rock of crystalline basement. Similar crystalline basement in a
smaller outcrops are found north of Hanaupah Canyon along the east foot of the Panamint Range and the head of the
Galena Canyon. At the head of the Galena Canyon, the outcrop of Precambrian is mostly schist. The schist is marked by
vertical foliation which is cut off incongruously by conglomerate from the lowest formation in the Pahrump Series, the
base of the Crystal Formation. The Amargosa thrust complexes are the outcrops of Precambrian Metamorphic rocks
founded in the north of Hanaupah Canyon along the east foot of the Panamint Range. The outcrop mark the lower plat of
the thrust fault which is likely to be the Amargosa thrust. In the Amargosa complex the Precambrian rocks are mostly
gneiss specifically augen gneiss. The augen

How Does Oxygen And Silicon Play An Important Role In...
Oxygen and silicon are very significant and both play an important role in Earth's crust. Oxygen is a dominant acceptor of
electrons and rather recently became a vital part of the atmosphere. But 99.9999 % of the oxygen in the atmosphere is
found in rocks and minerals. There are plenty of atoms that must be added or lost, being that oxygen plays such an
important chemical role as an electron acceptor. Silicon is the most valuable electron contributor to the oxygen atom.
There are fourteen protons in the nucleus of a silicon atom. Silicon usually gives up four of its electrons, leaving the atom
with ten electrons. The four electrons that are given up by the silicon are then consumed by two oxygen atoms. They then
create negatively charged ions

The Korean War: The Invasion Of South Korea
The Korean War was not a one–sided affair; there were actions taken by outside influences, but ultimately it was the
arrogant actions of the North Koreans met with the brash personalities of the South Koreans who thrust themselves into
conflict; which brought the still recovering world super powers back into war. In the invasion of South Korea (ROK) in
June 1950, the North Koreans mounted an impressive assault, carried out at a speed which sent the allies reeling on its
heels down into the southernmost territory of the peninsula.
Geography of the Peninsula
A major factor in shaping Korea's history was its geography. The Yalu and Tumen rivers divide the northern land borders
of the Korean peninsula and China. The west coast of the peninsula

Alabama Geography
When people hear Alabama they probably think about football and the South, however, what many people don't realize is
that Alabama is made up of a vast array of geologic properties and has a lot to offer Geologists. Rock formations date
back from 2.5 billion years old to 1,800 years old and vary in type from sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic (Tew.
Ebersole, 2013). Alabama also consists of piedmonts, fossils, fossil fuels, and waterways. If you travel from the
Southwest corner of the state up to the Northeast corner of the state you will come across many different rocks and
landforms. Alabama is composed of about two–hundred various minerals and was ranked twentieth in the nation for
having valuable minerals (Lewis, 2012). Alabama consists ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Rocks in this region are from the Mesozoic and recent times and therefore are considered geologically young compare to
other regions in the state (Tew. Ebersole, 2013). The Piedmont Upland region in East Central Alabama is composed of the
oldest rocks in Alabama. In this region you will find granitic gneiss (a gneissic rock with a general granitoid composition),
amphibolite (a crystalloblastic rock consisting mainly of amphibole and plagioclase with little or no quartz), and
migmatite (a composite of mixed rock) dating back to the Precambrian and Paleozoic ages (Schweitzer, 2013). This is the
only part of Alabama with this type of rock composition, but it is also where the southernmost part of the Appalachian
Mountains dips into Alabama. This part of the Appalachian Mountains are characterized by low rolling hills and the
reason there is a special combination of rocks in this area is because piedmonts usually consist of the remnant of a
mountain (Schweitzer, 2013). The Piedmont Upland only consumes about nine percent of all of Alabama (Tew. Ebersole,
2013). The North and Northeastern parts of Alabama are special because they consist of mostly the Appalachian

Blackstone: A Truly Cosmic Environment
In The Beginning
The stuff that makes up Blackstone and its environment is of truly cosmic origins. Before the rocks could form in the
earth, meld into granite and the water condense, freeze, melt and erode to define Blackstone Lake, the elements of which
both are composed of must be created. The most common elements in and around the lake do not differ significantly from
the rest of the planet.
The hydrogen in the water molecules or the organics that make up life itself was almost exclusively created from the Big
Bang, roughly a microsecond after it had begun. The thermonuclear processes from small and large stars formed the
elements carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, aluminum and silicon that make up most of life, air and rocks along with the
hydrogen. The uranium and thorium that are found in trace amounts in the gneiss or in more abundance in several uranic
dikes on the south east part of the lake (eg Robinson–McQuire mine) have their origin in supernovae. So do the rare
elements also found southeast of the lake (eg the Brignal mine). Blackstone like Earth and its Life reflect cosmic bounty.
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Once the earth sufficiently cooled the basic roots of what would become the continents, called cratons, formed and,
although made of rock, floated above the earth's much denser mantle. A number of cratons, every 450 million years or so
come together to form supercontinents by titanic but slow collisions. It is estimated that about 6 or 7 supercontinents have
so far occurred on

The Rock Cycle
The Rock Cycle
The rock cycle is a very important cycle of our lives, we can change our form from any three ways. There are three types
of rocks we can change into, metamorphic, igneous, and sedimentary. Changing our form isn't the easiest thing in the
world. We must change by either melting, erosion and compression, or heat and pressure.
When I was born I started off as a little igneous rock. Before I was a rock, I was magma drifting up through the rift of a
large volcano. When I finally reached the surface, I cooled faster than most rocks. I formed on the surface of the earth.
Some of the other rocks said I looked glassier or shiner than others. I could have turned out as a coarse grained igneous
rock or a fine–grained but the other rocks say I turned out glassy. An example of glassy igneous rock is obsidian. Obsidian
is glassy and was cooled faster than others. Obsidian rock doesn't have a lot of crystals unlike granite which has well
formed crystals. While I was a glassy igneous rock I saw a lot of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Over the next few days it felt like I was being heated and enormous amounts of pressure were being placed on me. Slowly
the heat and pressure went away. When it was finally over the rocks said I looked different than before. I had turned into a
non–foliated metamorphic rock due to all the heat and pressure being applied to me at one time. Metamorphic rocks are
rocks that are changed by heat and pressure and they can either be foliated or nonfoliated. Non–foliated rocks show no
sign of banding like foliated rocks do. An example of non–foliated rock is gneiss, gneiss shows no sign of banding. When
I was a metamorphic rock I saw a lot of things such as hot lava and walls of stone all because when I was changing into a
metamorphic rock I was formed deep underground and not on the surface like some rocks. After a while the scenery got
boring, I think I waited for another a week until I was finally on the surface of the

High Park Fire Case Study
1.Introduction On June 9, 2012 the High Park Fire took place about 15 miles west of Fort Collins, Colorado. Itwas started
by a lightning strike and fueled by high winds and dry vegetation, the fire grew to be the third–largest fire in Colorado
history. Residents were instructed to take precautions if they could see or smell smoke, and a Fort Collins hospital
reported an increase in emergency room visits related to smoke inhalation. Much of the fuel for the High Park Fire came
from stands of trees that have been killed by beetles (BAER Report, 2012). This paper will discuss methods of remote
sensing and field activities based on the Bureau of Land Management's (BLM) Assessment, Inventory, and Monitoring
(AIM) Strategy. This strategy will allow ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Statistically Valid Sampling Framework For the core indicators and methods to provide defensible resource information at
multiple scales a georeferenced, statistically valid sampling framework is necessary. This sampling framework consists of
a low–intensity grid that can be intensified for local monitoring needs or supplemented with other probability–based
samples, all of which can be used to train remote imagery. An unbiased, statistically valid sampling framework will permit
locally collected data to be combined with regional– or national–level data to improve estimates at larger scales. Further,
the framework will provide the ability to defensibly answer resource questions about large tracts of land, with relatively
few sample locations, and allow for sample–site relocation if an original site is disturbed (Toevs et al. 2011). Sample
locations should be established according to a probabilistic sample design by dividing the total area into sample plots.
Sample plots are chosen in a quantity to adequately represent the area being High Park Inventory and Monitoring 8
surveyed and randomly distributed across the study area stratified by increasing, and decreasing by randomly selected
numbers along the grid. In a manner that ensures every plot has an equal likelihood of being

Field Camp Analysis Essay
During the GEOL252 Borland field camp, a number of different basement and basin rocks were examined. This report
will contain descriptions and interpretations of the basement outcrop which is named the Triangle. This outcrop is best
exposed on Borland Road, with a grid reference of 116455 491995, and can be seen in Figure 1 as an X. It will be on the
left side coming from the east.
The Triangle is part of the Heterogenous Gneiss, which is a formation of several different types of gneisses that formed in
the late Jurassic. This particular outcrop is about seven meters high, 15 meters wide, and has three types of gneisses and
four granite pegmatite intrusions. The purpose of examining this outcrop was to get an understanding of how cross–
cutting relationships can determine relative age, and to see physical properties of rocks that make up some of the Median
Batholith.
Observations:
Orthogneiss: This gneiss, annotated as 1 in Figure 2, is a coarse, dark gray rock that contains clasts of diorite. The
observed minerals include biotite, quartz, plagioclase, muscovite, and hornblende. The rock has a foliated texture, and an
orientation of 042/38º NW. It is in contact with a granite pegmatite intrusion annotated as 7 in Figure 2. It is hard, and not
easily broken apart.
Quartzofeldspathic gneiss: This gneiss, annotated as 2 in Figure 2, is a lighter ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The mineralogy includes quartz, biotite, muscovite, plagioclase, orthoclase, and small amounts of garnet. The orientations
for the intrusions from 4 to 6 are 001/59º SW, 005/28 NW , and 064/79º NW. An eroded contact is found between
intrusions 5 and 6. 4 is cross–cutting 5, and 5 is cross–cutting 6. There is another granite pegmatite intrusion in the
orthogneiss, annotated as 7 in Figure 2, with an orientation of 166/38 º NE. It has the same composition as the other
granites, but includes clasts of

Geo 201: Physiographic Provinces Of Pennsylvania
Nikita Shah Geo 201 – Homework 1 Physiographic Provinces of Pennsylvania Pennsylvania consists of 6 Physiographic
Provinces, namely, (1) The Atlantic Coastal Plain Province, (2) The Appalachian Plateau Province, (3) The Ridge and
Valley Province, (4) The Piedmont Province, (5) The New England Province and (6) The Central Lowlands Province.
Each province has its own geology and particular type of landscape which plays a very important role in the lives of the
people living in these regions. For this assignment, I am supposed to describe the geologic history of Pennsylvania's most
important provinces, i.e. the first 4 provinces. The state of Pennsylvania mostly consists of Sedimentary rocks which were
deposited during the Paleozoic Era. Pennsylvania ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It consists of the state's most unique landscapes – strangely long, tapered and almost parallel ridges and valleys, all
mingling over water gap formations. The province extends from the center towards New Jersey (north–eastward) and into
Maryland (south–westward). The province's ridges and valleys are made up of Sedimentary rocks from the Paleozoic Era.
Metamorphosed Proterozoic volcanic rock (~575 million years old) is also found in some ridges of the South Mountain
sector of the province. The sediments were originally deposited in a horizontal manner, but then these rocks were
subjected to a high amount of heat and pressure during the Alleghanian orogeny, which resulted in them being folded and
angular. The erosion of sediments over the years have formed a very distinct landform – valleys have been formed over
areas of shale and limestone (softer rocks) and ridges have been formed in the areas of sandstone (harder rock). This
Province is divided into 7 sectors: South Mountain, Great Valley, Blue Mountain, Anthracite Upland, Anthracite Valley,
Susquehanna Lowland and Appalachian

Personal Narrative: Journey To The Core
Journey to the Core Today, my team of two, Kadeyn, Jasmine, went with me to the lowest area on this Earth, the land
alongside the dead sea, and started to dig. We we dug 38 kilometers into the crust with a huge shovel contraption attached
to our capsule., and as we went through, we saw huge pockets of the mineral Halite, which Jasmine kept licking for "the
greater good of science", and also saw lots of sedimentary rock which we took samples of. Once about 19 miles into the
crust, we entered the lithosphere, where we saw many types of metamorphic rock, such as Gneiss, and Quartzite, which
Kadeyn wanted to take to use as decorations for her room. After about 60 out of the 100 kilometers, we started to have
troubles getting down, because of the hardness of the stone all around us. After about a day of digging, we were finally
able to reach the Asthenosphere. The Asthenosphere is gets hotter and hotter as you get deeper in the ground. As Kadeyn
and Jasmine fought over who's rock was better, I took note that it is less rigid than the rock in the lithosphere above. It
was much easier to dig through it because it is softer, bends like plastic, but it still took about as long as it did to get
through the lithosphere, because of the 350 kilometers we had to go through. The ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
When we reached it, I was glad to see that science had been right, and there was a huge metal ball right in front of us. We
attempted to dig into it, but were unable to with the contraption we had on our capsule, so we had to attach a much harder
and heavier shovel–like arm on our vehicle. When we dug through the core and were inside, we noted that the entire
"ball" was made of pure metal. The pressure inside of the core is so immense that we could feel it inside of the capsule.
After traveling about halfway through, 610 kilometers, we decided to turn around and go back up to the

Why George Washington Won The Revolutionary War?
It has been five months since you came to visit me in my country. It is almost the ending of the Revolutionary War or as I
hope it is. This war has been torture for my country. I have been remembering that time as it was yesterday when you
were questioning me in my living room about my country's great leader; George Washington; and this terrible war he is
fighting in. Even though this war has been horrifying, I believe we will have victory against the British. George
Washington has been showing great leadership in the last battles against the British. There have been a couple of battle
stories I want to tell you about that really catch my eye. I am going to start when George Washington crossed the
Delaware River, which was a very fine example ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Washington and Lee had knowledge that it would not be easy to defend New York, but it was a politically necessity. The
Americans had to make the British pay severely for the city, at the least, as they had made them pay at Bunker Hill,
another battle against the British. George marched to New York and planned to defend New York by digging in and
making earth works (which is where your gun is positioned in the earth where you are protected but can still shoot your
gun) in Manhattan. George built "Fort Washington" up on Manhattan Island's northern tips. George Washington's plans
were too ambitious and spread the forces to thin. Washington placed troops of four–thousand, but George still lost against
thirty two–thousand soldiers of General Howe. Then there is the Washington Crossing Historic Park. This park is a five–
hundred acre park. Its location where George Washington crossed the Delaware River. I have heard that the lower park is
where George Washington and his aides ate dinner and discussed the planning of the Delaware Crossing. I have also heard
that this park has a lot of boats, tents, guns, and even bullet shells from the

Art And Symbolism In Ancient Egyptian Art
In ancient Egypt the art was both uniquely stylized and symbolic. As the way that hieroglyphs were a visual language, the
art of human figure ancient Egypt followed specific rules in order to be read, understood, and symbolic. Artists were not
concerned with creating realistic images but rather to represent an ideal and harmonious version of reality. Artists
developed conventions a harmonious canon of proportions, controlling the angle of view, and the size of each part in
relation to the whole. The human figure was presented in composite perspective. For royal and other depictions of beings
of a higher power, heads were shown in profile, capturing the shape of the nose, forehead, and chin. The eyes were formed
to face frontwards, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
During 17 years of reigning, 1353–1336 BCE, he broke the conventions of Egyptian art by showing himself in warm
family scenes with his wife and children, and portraying himself and the rest of the royal family in a much more human
and naturalistic manner, such as eyes being slightly more profiled than any of his predecessors had. There was also a push
of physical distortion. It was all distinctively stylized. The portrayal of the physical characteristics of the pharaoh himself
was the most peculiar result of Akhenaten art reform. In sculptures and paintings of Akhenaten, he is shown as having a
long, slender neck, a long face with a sharp chin, almond–shaped eyes, full lips, long arms and fingers, rounded thighs, a
soft belly, and enlarged breasts. His odd androgynous appearance, depicted in the colossal statue of Akhenaten raising to
about 16 feet, carved out of sandstone, was particularly prominent in art from the early part of the reign. His appearance
was the challenge of Egyptian art style and the test of his relationship to the gods. Also another important piece to come
out of this time was the head of Nefertiti, the favorite queen, made of painted limestone. The beautiful Nefertari was
discovered in 1912 in the studio of the sculptor Thutmose. The facial features of her are too idealistic to be human, with a
thin slender neck, but strangely come so close to what moderns day society ideal of beauty

The Appalachian Mountains In Canada
Canada is the second largest country in the world. Some of the major landforms include the Appalachian Mountains, the
Canadian Arctic Archipelago, and the Canadian Shield. The Appalachian Mountains start in the middle of Alabama in the
United States and run almost 2,000 miles North into the province of Newfoundland and Labrador. The Appalachian
Mountains are in between the eastern Coastal Plain and the Interior Lowlands of North America and form a natural barrier
between the two. The settlement and development of canada have had a role played by the Appalachian Mountains. The
main reason the Appalachian Mountains are important is because of the mining. Mining produces a lot of jobs and money
for Canada. In the northern part of Canada is the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Around the world Canada is well known for its peacekeeping role. Canadians are some of the nicest and most polite
people in the world, sometimes they can be to polite. Canadians value freedom, respect for cultural differences and a
commitment to social justice. For the size of Canada they have a pretty small population, each person is encouraged to do
there share as a citizen. Canadians enjoy the basic freedoms like freedom of thought, speech and religion. Canada is
resource rich but the land is poor. The key to Canada's economy is its role as a resource base, not just for its own
manufacturing but for export too. The foundation since the European landed here in 1947 has been minerals, ore, forestry
products oil and gas. Canada is one of the wealthiest countries in the world, GDP ranked 14 in the world. The economy is
considered a mixed economy, combining the goodness of the free–market and the governmental

Rocks
Rock Report Exercise
Due Date: 4/1/2014 Name: Rianne Richter Class: 1121k Grade: /35
After you have finished Lab Exercises 4, 5, and 7, complete the following questions. You may have to refer to the
exercises for assistance to locate specific answers.
1. Match the rock type with the correct statement describing its formation. (3 point).
❖ Found where the atmosphere or liquid water causes erosion and movement of rock pieces. Metamorphic Formation
❖ Found mostly near convergent tectonic plate boundaries where the P/T condition can be very high. ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
|Planet |Water |Atmosphere |Molten interior |Plate tectonics |
|Mercury |No |No |Early on |No |
|Venus |No |Thick |Yes |No |
|Earth |Liquid, ice |Medium |Yes |Yes |
|Moon |No |No |Early on |No |
|Mars |Ice |Thin |For a while, no more |No |
10. Where in our solar system might we find igneous rocks? (Hint: what factors are necessary for igneous rocks to form?)
(2 point)
11. Where is our solar system might we find metamorphic rocks? (Hint: what factors are necessary for metamorphic rocks
to form?) (2 point)
Earth only, need plate tectonics for changing of rocks.
12. Where is our solar system might we find sedimentary rocks? (Hint: what factors are necessary for sedimentary rocks
to form?) (2 point)
13. What is

The Rock Cycle: The Formation Of The Glasshouse Mountains
Emilie Tixeront explains the rock cycle, the formation of the Glasshouse Mountains, and what makes rocks so special
anyway. Despite a family history of geophysicists and rock enthusiasts, I've never found the subject of rocks particularly
fascinating. However, an exploration of Earth Science has lead me to the discovery that rocks are actually hidden gems
(often literally), and that there's more to the topic than one would think. The Rock Cycle The Cycle of Life (Like the
circle of life, but without the lions) The rock cycle is a sequence of changes that occur in a continuous cycle, repeating
over the course of millions of years as different types of rocks morph into each other (ETE Team, 2005). Simple, right?
So, to break it down (sedimentary style), there are three basic rock types: Igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary (Pellant,
2000). Igneous rocks are formed when molten rock hardens and cools to form a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Conglomerate is a sedimentary rock that consists of rock fragments, many of which are visible to the naked eye (Fig. e
The rock cycle states that sedimentary rocks are formed through the compression of sediment, and conglomerate contains
minerals and rock that have been compressed, providing visual evidence of the rock cycle (Rocksandminerals.com, 2013).
Of course, the rock cycle is also linked with the concept of erosion, as the breaking down of material is very important to
the cycle (Hamilton & Hamilton, 2008). A prime example of this occurrence can be found at the site of the Glasshouse
Mountains in Australia. The Glasshouse Mountains are volcanic plugs that were originally surrounded by sandstone
(MSCR, 2012). The plugs are formed of material that is more resistant to erosion than the sandstone that once surrounded
it, and the plugs were revealed when the softer rock eroded away (Tourism Australia, 2015). The weathering of the
sandstone is evidence to support the existence of

Yellowstone National Park Research Paper
Yellowstone National Park is considered as world's first national park, with the size of more than two million acres of land
in northwestern Wyoming and southwestern Montana. The park consist of many different species of animals and plants; in
addition, it has one of the largest calderas with over 10,000 thermal features and more than 300 geysers. Having said that,
Yellowstone National Park hosts around 4 million visitors each year.
The theory of plate tectonics states that earth's crust is broken up into plates. Geologists speculate that a hot spot in the
upper mantle of the earth's crust is responsible for the heat that derives the Yellowstone thermal and volcanic activity; the
result of three gigantic volcanic eruptions that caused by the underlying hot spot. The volcanic eruptions started with the
collapse of the mouth of its volcano and formed large volcanic craters called calderas. Yellowstone's volcanic past has the
first and the largest caldera that blew up about over two million years ago, and it was ... Show more content on
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Unlike Igneous rock, sedimentary rocks are formed from particles of sand, shells, pebbles, and other fragments of
material. Some examples of sedimentary rocks includes conglomerate and limestone. The other type of rock; metamorphic
rocks are formed under the surface of the earth from the metamorphosis that occurs due to intense heat and pressure. The
examples of this rocks includes gneiss and marble.
The rock cycle explains the relations between the three different types of rock. Any of the igneous, sedimentary, and
metamorphic rocks can melt into magma and cool into igneous rocks. When particles from the former rocks compact and
cement together, sedimentary rocks are formed. Rocks that are exposed to high temperatures and pressures can be
changed physically or chemically to form a different rock, they are called metamorphic

Tak As Greywacke Essay
The material used for this sculpture says a lot about the time in which it was made. The early dynastic period you see a lot
of sculptures being carved from limestone and light sandstone. The Pre– dynastic and early dynastic periods also carved
their statues from wood and ivory. This is still true for sculptures of the later time period but is most common among the
lower level elite class and the slavery class. This is not often seen carried out in the creation of royal sculptures as they
upgraded to harder to obtain and harder to carve stone; such as greywacke, gneiss, calcite, and diorite. There are some
cases in which harder stones were used for non–royal sculpture, but it was rare. During the Old Kingdom period is when
you start to see variation in the type of stone used. Sculptors ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
During the 4th Dynasty of the Old Kingdom period there is a drastic change in the layout of funerary complexes, to
compensate for the change of ideas about kinship. There was now an emphasis on the relationship of the king and the sun
god, along with its power. This ties in with the material used by the sculpture due to the dark color of the greywacke
stone. When placed in the right position the sculpture would reflect the sun and would emphasize the connection between
the pharaoh and the sun god, who during the Old Kingdom period became the primary focus. The sculpture was partially
polished with traces of red and black paint found on it. This gives the impression that the sculpture wasn't finished before
king Menkaure died and the only portions where paint was found was on the head of the king and his queen. Although not
finished, the polished feature of the sculpture give it a sleek presence as well as helping to emphasize the body features of
both the king and the

- En-Side Effects Of Aboriginal Striation On The Gneiss
The Granite rock is an intrusive rock that formed from magma coming from beneath the earth's surface. It went through a
slow cooling process that allowed the minerals; mainly quartz and feldspar to form where the result is the coarse texture.
The granite went through hydrothermal metamorphism (involves hot fluid) and contact metamorphism. The gneiss,
however, being able to withstand high temperatures came from a large country rock. This piece of gneiss broke off from
the country rock and got trapped in between as the granite cooled. The gneiss then became the xenolith. This shows that
the granite is the younger rock and the gneiss the older. The striations on the Gneiss were caused by faults. A slick–en–
side fault caused the horizontal striations

Metamorphic Rocks Research Paper
What are rocks anyway? (An "in–your–own–words" definition would be nice here).
A rock is the solid mineral material forming part of the surface of the earth and other similar planets, exposed on the
surface or underlying the soil or oceans. Rocks can be hard or soft, as small as a grain or as large as a building.
What are the various ways in which rocks form?
Sedimentary rocks are formed over thousands or millions of years as fine particles are compressed to form stones. As the
layers accumulate, they impart incredible pressure on the bottom layers. Sandstone, limestone, shale and gypsum are all
examples of sedimentary rocks. Sedimentary rocks often form in deltas and rivers because the constant flow of the river
drags sediments from the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Sometimes such rocks end up being moved into the deep parts of the Earth's crust, where temperatures are high and
pressures are extreme. These unusual conditions serve to heat and change the rocks. Marble, slate and gneiss are examples
of metamorphic rocks. How many rock types are there on our planet? Be specific.
There are 3 rock types on the planet. Like I said in question 2,
Sedimentary rocks are formed over thousands or millions of years as fine particles are compressed to form stones. As the
layers accumulate, they impart incredible pressure on the bottom layers. Sandstone, limestone, shale and gypsum are all
examples of sedimentary rocks. Sedimentary rocks often form in deltas and rivers because the constant flow of the river
drags sediments from the river bed and deposits them in a confined area.
Igneous rock is rock formed by the hardening and crystallization of molten material that originates deep within the earth.
Metamorphic rocks begin as either sedimentary or igneous rocks. Sometimes such rocks end up being moved into the
deep parts of the Earth's crust, where temperatures are high and pressures are extreme. These unusual conditions serve to
heat and change the rocks. Marble, slate and gneiss are examples of metamorphic

Senwosret 3 Analysis
Ancient Egypt is split up into three kingdoms, the middle kingdom, the old kingdom, and the new kingdom. The middle
kingdom was the start of a new change as it became known for realism and emotion. The middle kingdom was a start of
new, futuristic art. The art in this time period consists of broad shoulders, crisp outlines, intricately incised details,
enveloping cloak, and realism. One of the main pieces of art in the middle kingdom was the sphinx of Senwosret III.
Senwosret III is a direct example of a sharp break from the old kingdom of saggy, wrinkly faces. Senwosret III is a prime
example of realism and idealized bodies. These pessimistic expressions reflect dominant moods like living and aging in
men. The sphinx of Senwosret III contains ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Approximate symmetry is applied because the sculpture is similar enough to imply a vertical axis down the center of the
face. The sphinx is not exactly symmetrical but it is similar enough to have an implied line. The sphinx also has implied
asymmetrical balance. When looking at this image a feeling of balance is attained when the visual units on both sides of
the vertical axis are viewed. When you view the sphinx, you create a "felt" balance of the total artwork. With balance
comes contrast. The black and white colors are contrasted to create this more attention grabbing piece. The larger head
and oversized feat create this contrast of realism. Even though the sphinx is gold the color contrasts to create a visual
interest. The lion body and head are put at opposite ends to include an exciting figure as two different mammals are put
together to make one. The artist arranged the elements where they did to make sure that Senwosret III stood for this
dramatic figure. Senwosret III's face attacks the viewer's eye as it is the main emphasis of this sphinx. The face represents
this new idea in the middle kingdom of aging so the viewers could focus more on this vicinity. Along the face there is a
regular repetition of elements of line, which is rhythm. The lines below the face and along the beard. This brings a feeling
of movement as well. Along the headdress, the

Everest Vs Himalaya
Mount Everest and Himalayan The Birth of a Mountain Mountains are not just incredible hills, which are made of strong
rock. Trust it or not, the stones that contain the Himalayan Mountains used to be an antiquated seabed. Over a huge
number of years, waterways washed shakes and soil of existing mountains in the Indian subcontinent and Asia almost a
shallow ocean where the silt is saved on the ground. Layer after layer of silt amassed over a huge number of years until
the weight and weight of overlying residue made the material structure at the base get to be shake. At that point, around 40
million years prior, in a procedure called "elevating", the ocean started to be constrained upward to frame mountains. The
Mount Everest Mount Everest is only one of more than 30 crests in the Himalayas that are more than 24,000 feet/7315m
high. The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Everest and Himalayas are energetic topographically talking. They began to edge more than 65 million years former
when two sweeping crustal plates' Eurasian plate land and Indo–Australian plate affected. The particular Indian
subcontinent steamed towards upper eastern, smashing into Asian countries, slipping in addition to forcing the reason why
connected with reductions in the discs, in addition to dependably forcing the Himalayas over a few mile after mile large.
The particular Indian platter, moving around 1.7 inches annually, is being sent or even tirelessly underneath bass speaker
ducted from the Eurasian platter, which in turn resolvedly decays to advance, simpler Himalayas plus the Tibetan Level,
equally improvement connected with 5 to 10 millimeters for dependably. Geologists customer survey that Indian will
certainly keep on transferring upper for about one thousand miles after mile inside the managing using 10 million

Assynt Geography
Assynt is a region in the south–west of Sutherland, a county in the Highlands of Scotland. It is characterised by water
logged grasslands on much of the landscape, as well as large rocky mountains dominating the sky. To the east of the
northern road, there is a zone of imbricates created by the sole thrust, indicating beginning of the Moine thrust complex.
This sole thrust is also visible around the Skiag bridge area and also by Ardveck castle. The area has been of particular
interest for geologists since the early 20th century, due to the wide range of rocks and processes that are present. For
example, the ages of the rocks in the area vary from Lewisian Gneiss of Archean age, all the way up to the relatively
recent Ordovician Durness limestone group, covering a vast portion of our planets history. The more recent formations are
not found within the mapping area, and are more prominent in the east, and the Durness limestones have a much larger
area of outcrops in the north, surrounding the village of Durness along the coast. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Similarly, the peaks of Quinag rise high above the area at up to 808m. As the area is in Scotland, and therefore high
latitudes, it was likely to have been affected greatly by the ice ages that have occurred throughout history, especially in the
quaternary. It is these events that have mostly shaped the landscape that we see today, creating glacial till deposits and U–
shaped valleys that can be seen throughout the majority of northern Great

Metamorphic Rock
dia for this assignment. Answers to questions 1 through 6 must at least two complete sentences in length. Your responses
must be in your own words. You will earn zero points on this assignment for copying and pasting responses directly from
any online sources. There are 10 questions:
1.Define metamorphic rocks. (2 points)
A metamorphic rock is a rock that has changed due to heat and pressure. The extreme heat and pressure causes physical
and/or chemical changes to the rock, hence the term 'metamorphic'
2.How do metamorphic rocks form? (1 point)
A metamorphic rock is formed from a protolith, that changes its form due to increasing pressure and temperature.
3.List and describe the two main textures of metamorphic rocks. (1 point) ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
2.unfoliated– does not have a layered appearance for the exposure of heat and pressure.
4.What is a protolith? (1 point)
A protolith is the parent rock for metamorphic rocks, all protoliths are unmetamorphosed and become a metaphoric with
heat and pressure.
5.List and describe the two most common types of metamorphism. (1 point)
1.One of the most common types of metamorphism is regional metamorphism, is also called dynamothermal
metamorphism.
2.The second one is contact metamorphism is the process by which rock that surrounds a hot magma is metamorphosed.
6.Describe the characteristics of a foliated metamorphic rock. (1 point)
The characteristics of a foliated metamorphic rock is its high temperatures and pressures, and its shiny crystallized look as
well.
7.Put the four metamorphic rocks listed in the table from lowest to highest grade of metamorphism. (2 points)
Schist Gneiss
Phyllite Slate
Slate→ Phyllite→Schist → Gneiss
8.Site your sources. Visit APA Citation Style & Formatting, EasyBib, or Purdue Online Writing Lab for help with
citations. (1

Magma Contamination And Sulfide Immiscibility Of The...
MAGMA CONTAMINATION AND SULFIDE IMMISCIBILITY OF THE METEORIC IMPACT ZONE IN THE
SUDBURY NI–CU DEPOSITS: ONTARIO, CANADA
WILLIAMS, Jane B. (University of Wisconsin–Eau Claire, willijan@uwec.edu)
Sudbury, Canada is the location of a world class Ni–Cu deposit phenomena. Numerous studies have produced an
explanation for the complex evolution of its deposition and enrichment thanks to the impaction of a meteorite 1.85 million
years ago. The impact of the meteorite is thought to have caused fracturing that led to the generation of magma from deep
in the crust that helped in later filling the crater and producing the igneous complex (Faggart et. al., 1985). The igneous
complex (Figure 1a) has an elongated shape (60 km long and 27 km wide) with circular deposits surrounding it similar to
a bulls–eye. Evidence of the meteoric impact includes brecciation located in the center of the basin (Onaping Formation),
deformation of the margin of the intrusive complex (Huronian Group), shatter cones, and pseudotachylite. The meteor is
thought to have flash melted the crust which proceeded to differentiate into a granophyre and a leuconorite to norite
composition. The granophyre makes up 60% of the complex and the leuconorite and norite make up the remaining 40%
(Figure 1b)(Barnes et. al., 2005). About 50% of the ore is found in the sublayer norite and the breccia that is associated
with the norite. This ore is mainly disseminated sulphides. The massive sulphides are located in the center

Antarctica Research Paper
Rock, Fossils and Mountains of Antarctica This essay will seek to find out the geological composition of the Antarctica.
The study will show the rock composition, fossils and finally the mountains. Each paragraph will be broken down into
subtopics rocks, fossils, and mountains. The following research question will guide this essay. I will also explain what
some of the fossils that were found in the continent of Antarctica. a) What type of rocks, fossils and mountains are found
in the Antarctica? b) How rocks, fossils and mountains came into existence? Rocks The study of rocks in the Antarctica
has been a daunting task for geologists since most of the Antarctica is covered with ice. In parts of Antarctica there's
igneous and metamorphic rocks ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They are bounded by the Ross Sea, the Southern Ocean and by the Dennistoun, Ebbe and Tucker glaciers. These
Mountain ranges have an elevation of 4,165 m. They are comprised of the Dunedin, Homerun and Lyttelton ranges. The
Victory Mountains is another group of mountains located in Victoria Island. It is located around the Mariner and Tucker
glaciers. Another group of mountains is the Prince Albert Mountains named after Prince Albert. They are also located in
Victoria Island and they stretch over 320 km long. These groups of mountains consist of Mount Mackintosh, Mount
Joyce, Mount Billing, Mount Mallis, and Mount Priestley. Another mountain Range is the Horlick Mountains. They are
situated on the east side of Reedy Glacier. They include the Wisconsin range, Long hills and the Ohio range, The Thiel
Mountains are secluded and they are mainly snowcapped. They are located in Ellsworth Land and it is 2,810m high. The
Pensacola Mountains are a mountain range in the Transantarctic. The highest peak is the England peak with an elevation
of 2,150m. Most of these mountains came into existence due to volcanic

Metamorphic Rock Research Paper
The metamorphic rock I chose to research is Gneiss which is foliated.The protolith for this rock is schist and granite. It
can be identified by its streaks, bands, and lenses. This rock is known for its strength, and hardness,it is also rough to the
touch, the color varies, from dark and light bands. Gneiss rocks is a very diverse group that includes igneous rocks and
metamorphosed sedimentary rocks.This rock is formed by regional metamorphism takes place when the materials and
substances are deep under the ground. It is a high–grade metamorphic rock which means it recrystallizes under intense
heat and pressure. This transformation makes the size of the mineral grains bigger and segregates them into many
different bands, this formation also

A Discussion Of Ultrahigh Pressure Metamorphic Conditions...
METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY
A Discussion of Ultrahigh Pressure Metamorphic Conditions: with tectonic models of formation and exhumation.
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
A literature review
Contents
Introduction 1
History and discovery of UHPM 1
Discussion 2
The 'extension–eduction' tectonic model 5
The 'separation–extrusion' tectonic model 5
'Piggyback' exhumation of mantle lenses with subducted UHPM crust: A Western Gneiss Region example 5
The role of the upper crustal wedge in exhumation 6
Mantle wedge peridotite exhumation through upper crustal wedge 7
Role of serpentinization with exhumation 7
Subduction and exhumation rates 7
Rate of exhumation 7
Rate of subduction 8
Pressures of UHPM 8
Temperatures of UHPM 8
Relative densities of UHPM associated rocks 8
Further work 9
References 9
Introduction
Ultra–high pressure metamorphism (UHPM) refers to a process of extensive subduction continued through continental
collision. The complexity of these rocks occurrence at the surface leads to questions about exhumation, potential depths,
and rates of these

Carolina Slate Belt
The Carolina Slate Belt The Carolina Slate Belt is a gold rich strip that runs from Virginia through both North and South
Carolina and ends up in Georgia. The slate is made up of low grade metamorphosed volcanic and slaty cleavages. The
mountainous Piedmont of North Carolina isolates the Triassic–Jurassic rift basin and the level Coastal Plain from the hilly
Blue Ridge and Appalachians The Coastal Plain comprises of Mesozoic–Cenozoic sediments created when the North
Atlantic Ocean got to be more wider, and the Triassic–Jurassic rift basin was filled by sedimentary rocks washed into the
rift formed during the opening of the Atlantic Ocean. The Raleigh Belt and Eastern Slate Belt contain rocks like those of
the Piedmont. These, however, are ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Gold was first discovered in the United State in 1799 in the Little Meadow Creek in Cabarrus County, North Carolina.
Although this discovery did not come with a lot of buzz as the California discovery, it attracted quite a number of miners
albeit gradually. In fact most of the experienced gold miners who moved to California, during the Californian gold rush
had horned their skills on the Carolina slate belt. Following the first gold discovery, several other discoveries were made
on slate and thus developed several gold mines. Some of the major gold mines on the Carolina Slate Belt include: Haile
Gold Mine This mine developed from a gold deposit that was discovered in 1827 on the farm owned by Benjamin Haile in
eastern Lancaster County near Kershaw in South Carolina. The mined operated through to the early 20th century when the
gold deposits ran out. This mine was one of the most productive gold mines on the slate during its initial years. The Dorn
Mine This is another great mine on the Carolina slate Belt. The mine is located in McCormick County in South Carolina.
Gold at the mine was first discovered by William Burkhakter Dorn in 1952. The mining at the Dorn mine begun soon
afterwards and lasted for over 120 years. Today there is much going on at the mine. The Slate has several other mines
produced quite a significant amount of gold. In fact most major gold mines in both North and South Carolina are located
on the

Essay about The Washington Monument
The Washington Monument
The Washington Monument, a memorial structure designed and constructed in the nineteenth century, signifies an
important tribute to the prestigious role and achievements of our nation's founding father. Ideas for such a monument first
arose in 1783, by which time "the fame George Washington, Commanding General and first President of the United
States, was assured in the pantheon of statesmen of the world" (1). It was during this year that the Continental Congress
proposed an "equestrian statue" in honor of "Washington's services and his unique role in the founding of the new
Republic" (1).
Despite the project's popularity with the public, however, little action was taken following ... Show more content on
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Despite the difficulties that were faced during both the planning and construction of the Washington Monument, the
impressive tributary obelisk still stands today as one of the nation's "noblest architectural structures" (1).
Prior to beginning construction in 1848, the government spent nearly seventy years in legislation. Shortly after it was
decided in 1783 that an "equestrian statue" should be erected in honor of George Washington, a French landscape engineer
by the name of Major Charles Pierre L'Enfant drew up the first plan for Washington's future capital, including the statue as
"one of the principal features of the Federal District" (1). The idea resurfaced after the death of George Washington in
December of 1799, when a proposal made by U.S. Representative John Marshall suggested the erection of a marble
monument under which the founder's body would be deposited. But Congress could take no immediate action due to
conflicting opinions in both the House and Senate and with Washington's family members: when the House "appropriated
$200, 000 for the construction of ... [a] 'mausoleum of American granite and marble, in pyramidal form 100 feet square at
the base and of proportionate height'" (1), the grant was opposed by the Senate and family members (who did not want to
move the remains from the site where Washington had specifically asked they be placed).
"Throughout the Nation there was a deep sense of disappointment over the

Metamorphic Rock Lab
Objectives
The objectives of this lab are to learn how metamorphic rocks form and how to classify them based upon their texture and
composition. In this chapter, we will also learn about distinguishing among the three rock groups and processes that wear
rocks down once they have formed.
Key Terms anthracite, bituminous, decomposition, disintegration, foliated, gneissic banding, grade, lignite, mass wasting,
metamorphic rock, metamorphism, parent rock, peat, phyllitic texture, schistosity, slaty cleavage, sub–bituminous,
weathering
Equipment
Introduction
Metamorphic rocks have been altered from the composition and texture of their parent rocks through the process of
metamorphism. Rocks undergoing metamorphism are exposed to high ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Parent rocks composed predominantly of a single mineral (for example, quartz or calcite) often produce non–foliated
metamorphic rocks. Sand grains in a metamorphosed sandstone fuse into a dense, compact mass of interlocking particles,
producing a rock called quartzite. Metamorphism of limestone produces marble.
Evaluating Metamorphic Rocks
Examine the metamorphic rocks in your kit, with a hand lens or microscope as appropriate, and use the information in
Table 5–1 to answer the following questions.
Q5–1: Consider the metamorphic specimens in your kit (67 – 75). Which ones are foliated (four total)?
Specimens _67____, __70___, _73____, __75___, __72___.
Q5–2: Of the foliated specimens, which ones have slaty cleavage, phyllitic texture, schistosity, and gneissic banding (one
of each)?
Specimen number __67___ has slaty cleavage.
Specimen number __72___ has phyllitic texture.
Specimen number __73___ has schistosity.
Specimen number __70___ has gneissic banding.
Q5–3: Name the foliated specimens.
Specimen number _67____ named __slate________
Specimen number _72____ named __phyllite________
Specimen number _73___ named ___schist_______
Specimen number _70____ named __gneiss_______
Q5–4: Of the remaining (non–foliated) specimens, which one reacts with hydrochloric acid, and which one scratches
glass?
Specimen

King Sahure And Nome God Analysis
The statue of King Sahure and a Nome god is an interesting piece of Ancient Egyptian art ( c. 2500 BC ) that shows signs
of Ancient Egyptian culture and beliefs. The statue is a small relief sculpture, meaning the sculptural elements are
attached to the solid background of the sculpture and appears to be emerging from the material. The piece clearly depicts
two figures side by side, one standing on the left and one sitting on the right (facing foreward). The purpose of this piece
was probably to depict a certain symbolic interaction between the two characters. The figure on the right is King Sahure,
the second ruler of the fifth dynasty. He is the larger of the two figures, is wearing a large head piece and is sitting on a
throne. The figure

Billy Goat Trail Essay
Billy Goat Trail The Billy Goat trail currently located in Maryland and is part of the Great Falls. After getting familiar
with the Billy Goat Trail you can see all the evidence that a great geological phenomenon has occurred at that location.
This location went through several geographical changes that I will be mentioning along with some of the evidence from
the Billy Goat Trail. The Billy Goat Trail actually started at the bottom of the Iaptus Ocean more than 460 million years
ago. At the bottom of the ocean the sand was being deposited on top of the mud making some graded bedding that was
caused by turbidity currents. The rock that was being formed from graded bedding on the bottom of the ocean floor was
the sedimentary rock called ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Acadian Orogeny not only started the mountain building in the region but also brought volcanic activity along and
this meant that the rocks in the region now where under a great amount of pressure and extreme amount of heat.
Some of the evidence that I observed at the Billy Goat Trail from the Acadian Orogeny was the Gneiss rocks that where
hidden underneath the large boulders where we stopped for lunch. The rock Gneiss requires high pressure and high heat
because the rock has U–shaped banding due to the pressure and black and white striations from the heat. (2) Another
observation from the trip that supports the Acadian Orogeny is the Lamprophyre dikes that cut across the Meta–
Greywacke and are found in both sides of the Potomac River. The Lamprophyre dikes are younger than the Meta–
Greywacke since they cut across them and since the dikes are made of basalt they can be dated back about 360 million
years ago thus linking them to the Acadian Orogeny. Also the dikes weather out faster than the rock around them. (3)
After the Acadian Orogeny the continent of North America collided with Africa which was at the time of Pangea. Then the
continents separated and opened up a new ocean called the Atlantic Ocean but there was no evidence found in the region
to prove this geological event so the time missing is called an unconformity. During this time the region was just
experiencing weathering

Wisconsin Rock Formation Essay
Wisconsin contains rocks ranging from around 359 million years all the way to 2.8 billion years old. Fortunately, this wide
range of rocks has patterns in their placement across the state. If one were to dig down to solid rock, in general, the age of
upper most rocks layers increases in age going from west to east, and also from south to north. The history of the
formation of Wisconsin to its present day condition happed through major geological events such as various tectonic
processes, sedimentation, metamorphism, and glaciation. Let's walk through the major events that have come to define
Wisconsin geology. The oldest rocks in Wisconsin are in the northern most part of the state near Ontario and they range
from 2.8–1.0 billion years old. These rocks formed when North American continents was getting assembled, mostly
though complex ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
During rifting of continents around 2.4 billion years ago, major passive margin, continental plate drifting apart to form
mid–ocean ridge, was produced throughout Wisconsin. By, 1.875 billion years, the margin became a subduction zone,
boundary where tectonic plates collide, this resulted in banded Iron Formation rocks(BIFs) being deposited in
northernmost Wisconsin. Through time, these BIFs have become metamorphosed and deformed. While this was
happening, around 1.85 billion years ago an island arc, oceanic islands with intense volcanic activities, crashed into the
continent. Later on around 1.84 billion years ago another continental crustal body crashed into the continent. These
continental collisions formed mountains called The Penokean Mountains. Metamorphism and sedimentation of this
mountain is responsible for the other older rocks we see in northern Wisconsin. These rocks include the Powell Kyanite
Schist and quartzite. The Mazatzal orogeny beginning around 1.65 billion years ago resulted in further crust being added
through continent–continent

Essay on The Science of Rocks
1. According to Thompson and Turk (2011), there are two types of igneous rocks–extrusive and intrusive–and the primary
difference between the two types of igneous rocks is that the rocks are formed in two separate locations: within the Earth's
crust and on the Earth's surface (35). Extrusive igneous rocks form when "magma rises all the way through the crust to
erupt onto Earth's surface" (35). Since the crystals do not have much time to grow, extrusive sedimentary rocks, also
commonly known as volcanic rocks, have "fine–grained textures, with crystals too small to be seen with the naked eye"
(Thompson & Turk, 2011, 36). For example, basalt is a common very fine–grained volcanic rock. On the other hand,
intrusive igneous rocks form when ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The difference in the mineral composition is apparent in the rocks' color and grain texture. Since basalt is a mafic rock, it
tends to have a dark green to black, dark color, while granite tends to have a clear, white, and pink light color (Thompson
& Turk, 2011, 37). Additionally, because basalt is an extrusive igneous rock, it has a very fine–grained texture, meaning
that the crystals are nearly impossible to see (Thompson & Turk, 2011, 36). On the other hand, granite is an intrusive
igneous rock, meaning that it has a medium– or coarse–grained texture, where the mineral grains and crystals are easily
visible (Thompson & Turk, 2011, 36).
3. According to Thompson and Turk (2011), sedimentary rocks are broadly divided into four categories: clastic, organic,
chemical, and bioclastic rocks. Clastic sedimentary rock is "composed of particles of weathered rocks, such as sand grains
and pebbles (also known as clasts), which have been transported, deposited, and lithified" (38). Clastic rocks, such as
shale, siltstone, and sandstone, are composed of fragments of older rocks: clay, silt, and sand (38). Moreover, organic
sedimentary rocks consist of "lithified remains of plants or animals," and the most common examples are coal, which is
made up of decomposed and compacted plant remains and

Informative Essay: What Is The Canadian Shield?
What is the Canadian Shield?
The Canadian Shield is a large plateau that occupies more than 40% of the land area of Canada. It extends from the Great
Lakes northward to the Arctic Ocean. This area completely surrounds the Hudson's Bay in a shape of a horse shoe. It is
also the largest of Canada's physical regions
What is the Canadian Shield made of?
The Canadian Shield is mainly made up of igneous rocks that were once mountains millions of years ago. Through the
process of erosion, water, ice, glaciers from the ice age and wind wore down these rocks so that it can become flatter. The
rocks that it is made up of is largely granite and gneiss. The shield was originally a region of very large mountains.
Where is it located?
The Canadian Shield is located in the center of Canada. It is north of Quebec and ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Plate Tectonics
The creation of the landmass we know today to be the great Canadian Shield wouldn't have been possible without the
driving force of plate tectonics. The process started 3 Billion years ago when the geological terrain of the shield was once
separated land masses, taking more than 800 million years to come together to form the land we know today
The Canadian Shield was formed when two tectonic plates collided, when they collided, a folding occurred. The plate was
forced down, melting and rose back to the surface to cool down over time. These rocks that were cooled down eventually
came to be known as the Canadian Shield.
2. Volcanic Activity The Canadian Shield formed due to a volcano that erupted and leveled the region to what it looks like
today. As the minerals of the rock slowly cooled, as they separated into layers according to their densities. The lighter
ones floated to the top above the heavier ones. The shield is mostly thin soil lying on the top of bedrock. This was caused
during the last ice age, when glaciers covered the area and scraped the rock clean as they moved. In Depth.A Few million
years of advancing and retreating the

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