1. Behaviourism
Treatments

2. Modelling
Bandura Ross and Ross
Imitation and Identification – imitation =
copying directly, identification =
internalising other’s behaviour
Bobo Doll experiment.

3. Implosion Therapy
CS ---- CR learning needs to be
‘unlearned’ in a phobia for e.g.
Confront CS without escape to one-trial
learn adaptive response. Replace fear
with relaxation techniques = adaptive
response
Force feeding in hospitals – danger levels
anorexia. (sectioned under Mental Health
Act)

4. Systematic Desensitisation
Hierarchical introduction to CS with aim of
eventually extinguishing response.
Client associates relaxation with stimuli
progressively more and more like the object of
fear.
May take weeks/months/years……
Anorexia… hierarchy of incremental advances in
eating behaviours – Balance body weight and
increase intake with little/no weight gain

5. Aversion Therapy
Used e.g. for addicts – emetics to make
clients sick – they associate vomiting with
their addiction – stop wanting object of
addiction
Allows client ‘time’ off ‘drug’ to reassess
life and to change habit.
Difficult to apply to anorexia as very hard
to find a negatively reinforcing association
to use.

6. Token Economies
Operant conditioning applied in such a
way that rewards are given for good
behaviour.

7. Examples
Primary schools give out stars for good
behaviour. After gaining so many stars
they get a reward.
In prisons inmates can get luxuries like,
being able to choose the channel on the
T.V or getting better food.
In college students are rewarded with
EMA for attending regularly and having
good punctuality.

8. Evaluation
Token economies can lead to token
learning.

9. Ethics