Behavior therapy for lecture purposes.

1. Behaviour Therapy
Hananeel Jay A.Cabiling

2. Classical and Operant Conditioning

3. Behaviour Therapy
It is a form of psychotherapy which focuses on modifying faculty
behavior rather basic changes in the personality. Instead of probing the
unconscious or exploring the patient’s thoughts & feelings, behavior
therapist tries to eliminate the symptoms & modify ineffective or
maladaptive pattern by applying basic learning techniques.”

4. • The general goals are to increase personal choice and to create new
conditions for learning
• Formal assessment take place prior to treatment to determine
behaviour that are targets of change
• Continual Assessment throughout the treatment process
• Client has active role in formulating goals
• Goals must be clear, concrete , understood and agreed upon by the
clients and counsellors

5. Therapist Functions & Role
Identify condition maintaining behaviour functional Assessment
Behaviour Analysis
A.) Antecedents - what precedes the behaviour , cues or elicit a certain
behaviour
B.) Behaviour what the client does
C.) Consequences – What happens after the behaviour occurs

6. Clients Experience in Therapy
• Therapist teaches concrete skills through the provision of instruction
, modelling and performance feedback
• Clients are expected to do more than merely gather insight, they
need to be willing to make changes
• Clients engage in Behavioural rehearsal with feedback until skills are
well learned.

7. Techniques and Procedure
Applied Behaviour Analysis
1. Application of operant conditioning principles to behaviour change
2. Reinforcement and Punishment
3. Extinction –Decreasing a behaviour or by withholding
reinforcement .
4. Systematic Desensitization

8. BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION
• It is also called “simple Extinction.” Learned behavior pattern
becomes a waste or disappears if it is not reinforced. To eliminated a
maladaptive behavior one has to remove the reinforcement for it. It is
effective when reinforcement is being used without the knowledge of
the affected individual

9. For Example;
Every time sonu, a nine year old girl bites her nails, her mother gives
her an angry look. Sonu understand the mother anger & tries not to
repeat the bad habit. A maladaptive behavior is gradually removed.
Mother anger is a punishment for sonu .
Reward are also provide to reduce the maladaptive learning. Rishu, 11
year old boy, is told that if he studies one hour regularly on his own in
class VI he could be allowed to buy a crocket set of his choice

10. SYSTEMATIC DESENSITIZATION
It is a form of behavior therapy developed by Joseph Wolpe. The
objective of the therapy is to reduce or elimination fear or anxiety in
which; I. The patient is trained in deep muscles relaxation. II. He has
various anxiety-provoking situation or specific phobia, such as fear of
death, fear of animals. These problems are placed from the strongest
to the weakest order i.e. the client is anxious about which one is
causing anxiety the least.

11. • A child is having fear of crossing the road. For a few days the mother
can take the child to the road & just stand & talk about other thing.
The child keeps observing people crossing the road. Than after 2-3
days mother & child cross the road while they are talking. This may
reduce the anxiety in a child as he is allowed to cross the road in a
relaxed manner. Therapy is very useful for patient who have
developed certain fears specially to domestic animals like dog

12. Exposure and Flooding
• Treatment for fears and other negative response
• Based on the classical conditioning specifically extinction
• Expose clients , under carefully controlled conditions to the
situations that produce fears and negative emotions.
• Flooding, intense and prolonged exposure to the anxiety producing
stimuli

13. Eye Movement Decensitization & Processing
(EMDR)
• Form of Exposure therapy
• Treatment for individuals with traumatic memories
• Entails assessment , preparation , imaginal flooding and cognitive
restructuring
• Lateral Eye Movement

14. Aversion Technique
• It is a form of behavior therapy in which the patient is conditioned to
avoid an undesirable behavior or symptoms by associating them with
painful or unpleasant experiences, such as putting a bitter taste on
nails or tongue for nail biting, giving drug like apormorphine which
cause nausea & vomiting on taking alcohol or an electric shock to
treat a child with enuresis.

15. COGNITIVE BEHAVIOR THERAPY
It is a psychotherapeutic approach based on the idea that emotional
problems in an individual arise due to faulty ways of thinking distorted
attitude towards oneself & others. The therapist takes the role of a
guide who helps the patient to correct & revise his perceptions &
thoughts. This helps the patient to change his thoughts, feelings &
behavior about himself. Cognitive behavior therapy is considered
effective in the treatment of depression & adjustment difficulties

16. END