Running head: PHYSICIAN-ASSISTED SUICIDE 1 PHYSICIAN-ASSISTED SUICIDE 2 Physician-Assisted Suicide The major I am pursuing is my Bachelors in Nursing, and with my persuasive essay I intend to convince healthcare providers in this persuasive essay that physician-assisted suicide (PAS) must be considered illegal and it should not be practiced in any hospital that values human life. I had to tell them while observing the ethical aspects and value of a human soul alongside the biblical worldview that physician assisted suicide is killing regardless of how you stage or justify the act. Doctors, before they start practicing their profession, make the vow of helping patients and help with the progression of medication. On the off chance that a patient is critically ill, they can be made comfortable with drugs like morphine that are deliberately given through IV or orally to help reduce or stop any pain or misery the patient is experiencing. There are several reasons that support my argument. Some of them are positive while others are negative. But, since the benefits exceed the negative ones, this practice should be dismissed. For one, we ought not, as a rule, give physicians the privilege to help kill their patients. The entire history of medication has been one of improved healing or, in terminal cases, reduced pain; killing, which debases life to the point of liquidation, is the exact inverse of good and mindful medical care (Knaplund, 2010). To legalize suicide along these lines is to weaponize the therapeutic system against the very individuals to which it ought to be generally attentive. A second reason why PAS may sound interesting is that individuals believe that others ought to be put out of their misery in the event that they are in pain. Rather than having the doctors take the easy way out and simply recommend lethal drugs to the patient, I figure physicians should search for better approaches to relieve the pain. Another issue with allowing individuals to be prescribed lethal dosages of medication is that the prognosis the physician gave them could not be right. According to Brueck & Sulmasy (2019), PAS is practiced legally in three states only in the United States. Montana, Washington, and Oregon allow doctors to perform PAS under the guidelines of the Death with Dignity Act. The act contains stringent patient eligibility measures. For example, the Oregon Death with Dignity Act (ODDA) allows doctors to give a lethal dose of the drug to diagnosed fatally sick patients. The patients understand that this medication when taken will take their life within a couple of moments of taking the medication. All together for an individual to acquire this prescription as expressed before in the Death with Dignity Act, they must have a prognosis of a half-year or less, in which a patient would be considered Hospice or on Hospice care. Who is to state that what the physician or doctors said is 100 percent sure? It isn't, and ...

1. Running head: PHYSICIAN-ASSISTED SUICIDE
1
PHYSICIAN-ASSISTED SUICIDE
2
Physician-Assisted Suicide
The major I am pursuing is my Bachelors in Nursing, and with
my persuasive essay I intend to convince healthcare providers in
this persuasive essay that physician-assisted suicide (PAS) must
be considered illegal and it should not be practiced in any
hospital that values human life. I had to tell them while
observing the ethical aspects and value of a human soul
alongside the biblical worldview that physician assisted suicide
is killing regardless of how you stage or justify the act.
Doctors, before they start practicing their profession, make the
vow of helping patients and help with the progression of
medication. On the off chance that a patient is critically ill, they
can be made comfortable with drugs like morphine that are
deliberately given through IV or orally to help reduce or stop
any pain or misery the patient is experiencing.
There are several reasons that support my argument. Some of

2. them are positive while others are negative. But, since the
benefits exceed the negative ones, this practice should be
dismissed. For one, we ought not, as a rule, give physicians the
privilege to help kill their patients. The entire history of
medication has been one of improved healing or, in terminal
cases, reduced pain; killing, which debases life to the point of
liquidation, is the exact inverse of good and mindful medical
care (Knaplund, 2010). To legalize suicide along these lines is
to weaponize the therapeutic system against the very individuals
to which it ought to be generally attentive. A second reason why
PAS may sound interesting is that individuals believe that
others ought to be put out of their misery in the event that they
are in pain. Rather than having the doctors take the easy way
out and simply recommend lethal drugs to the patient, I figure
physicians should search for better approaches to relieve the
pain. Another issue with allowing individuals to be prescribed
lethal dosages of medication is that the prognosis the physician
gave them could not be right. According to Brueck & Sulmasy
(2019), PAS is practiced legally in three states only in the
United States. Montana, Washington, and Oregon allow doctors
to perform PAS under the guidelines of the Death with Dignity
Act. The act contains stringent patient eligibility measures. For
example, the Oregon Death with Dignity Act (ODDA) allows
doctors to give a lethal dose of the drug to diagnosed fatally
sick patients. The patients understand that this medication when
taken will take their life within a couple of moments of taking
the medication. All together for an individual to acquire this
prescription as expressed before in the Death with Dignity Act,
they must have a prognosis of a half-year or less, in which a
patient would be considered Hospice or on Hospice care. Who is
to state that what the physician or doctors said is 100 percent
sure? It isn't, and that ought to be considered. Since we've
looked at the issues that emerge with PAS and why it ought to
be kept illegal, we should look at an alternative in contrast to
PAS and how we can keep this illegal.
This essay is meant for the doctors who oppose the fact that

3. physician-assisted suicide should not be declared illegal
because they are the key victims of assisting patients in killing
themselves. I had to remind them that it is just a few states that
legalize mercy killing, and majority of the states are against the
act and law is clear that on the off chance that a physician is
found guilty of murder indictments. So in addition to the fact
that PAS is a shameless act but unlawful. In this manner mercy
killing ought not to be allowed because it conflicts with the
ethical beliefs that human life is relevant (Elmore, Wright &
Paradis, 2018). My challenge is to reaffirm to physicians the
moral and ethical aspects of valuing human life even in critical
conditions.
To ensure proper completion of this essay, there will be need of
using various resources. One of the resources would be data
from various healthcare facility cases about physician-assisted
suicide. This data according to Brueck & Sulmasy (2019) will
assist in giving the proper demographic of the doctors and
patients who participates in this illegal act. Another important
resource would be conduction of interviews among patients to
enable get proper data and the feeling of those who choose
mercy killing using lethal drugs by the aid of physicians. This
will enable come up with a content loaded paper.
My goal in this persuasive essay is to assist individuals in
separating their private wishes for what we each may would like
to have access for ourselves sometime in the not so distant
future — an expectation that frequently neglects to see how
assisted suicide really works — and, rather, focus on the
significant risks we put ourselves into when we legalize PAS as
public policy in our society today. PAS would have many
unintended consequences.
These resources will greatly help in coming up with a valid
essay on PAS. For instance, data from various facilities will
help in confirming the assertion that People on both sides of the
PAS debate care about suffering people and want to prevent
intolerable suffering (Byock, 2016). PAS is more rampant to
terminally ill patients. This data will thus act as undisputable

4. evidence. The interview conducted among various groups of
people will give the patients, and doctors who want the act
legalized an opportunity to confess themselves that they support
the practice. These resources will help me from a stronger
foundation for the essay.
It is of great essentiality to persuade physicians who assist
patients to kill themselves when they are terminally ill that it is
against human right and it devalues the dignity of a person.
Certainly killing and assisted suicide will keep on being
popularized and authorized. But, we should oppose this
tenacious march of sanitized, commended demise. A civilized
culture doesn't murder the most fragile, most debilitated and
generally powerless of its people; we are better than this,
regardless of whether barely some states are definitely not.
References
Byock, I. (2016). The case against physician-assisted suicide
and euthanasia. The Oxford
handbook of ethics at the end of life, 366.
Brueck, M. A., & Sulmasy, D. P. (2019). The genealogy of
death: A chronology of US
organizations promoting euthanasia and assisted
suicide. Palliative & supportive care, 17(5), 604-608.
Elmore, J., Wright, D. K., & Paradis, M. (2018). Nurses’ moral
experiences of assisted death:
A meta-synthesis of qualitative research. Nursing Ethics, 25(8),
955-972.
Knaplund, K. S. (2010). Montana becomes third our state to
allow physician aid in
dying. American Bar Association Section of Real Property,
Trust, and Estate Law eReport, Forthcoming.

5. MBA 6941, Managing Project Teams 1
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit V
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
2. Analyze the behavioral characteristics of individual project
team members.
2.1 Outline the elements of a project schedule and how these
elements can be affected by the
behavioral characteristics of project team members.
2.2 Describe key processes of project schedule management in
relation to each project team
member and his or her behavioral characteristics.
6. Discuss conflict management and negotiation strategies.
6.1 Describe the implications of the precedence diagram method
regarding managing team tasks
and avoiding conflicts.
6.2 Describe the role of the critical path regarding task
assignments and the negotiation of resource
allocation within the project team.
Reading Assignment
Chapter 13: Time

6. Unit Lesson
One of the primary duties of the project manager is to make
sure that the project can be completed on time with
the approved schedule while managing other project constraints
including the amount of time each team member
has to spend on his or her part of the project. In addition, it is
important for a project manager to understand the
behavioral characteristics of each project member in order to
assign each individual the tasks that are best suited
for him or her to complete. One of the best ways to do this is to
simply talk to people within your organization. Get
to know them and what their capabilities are. Also, speak to
others who work with them or have worked with them
in the past, including immediate supervisors. These are the
people who will know the strengths and weaknesses
of those you are considering to work with you. You cannot
successfully manage a project schedule without a
clear understanding of the project resources and activities.
It is important to know that time is the only “triple constraint”
typically owned by the project manager. The
output of time management is an element of keen interest in
communications to senior management and
other stakeholders. The project schedule starts with the
decomposition of the scope, which is performed by
the team. The project schedule according to the Project
Management Institute [PMI] (2013) is one of the
primary sources of team conflicts.
In order to reduce the possibility of these conflicts, some key
considerations to keep in mind regarding time
management include the following:

7. smaller sizes, estimates should be
based on work breakdown structure (WBS) or how much time
they believe a specific portion of the
project should take.
experience doing the work and not by the
project manager.
estimation, resource estimation, and other
factors from previous and similar projects as they can help with
estimating accuracy.
mechanism for affecting the changes in the time,
cost, risk, human resource and scope.
should ask for justification on estimates
from the team members.
UNIT V STUDY GUIDE
Project Schedule
MBA 6941, Managing Project Teams 2
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8. integrity should be maintained
throughout the project life cycle (PMI, 2013).
PMI identifies seven key process that are associated with time
management knowledge areas. Each of these
processes must be carefully negotiated between the project
manager and the project participants before a
project begins and during the project’s duration. This helps to
ensure that everyone is aware of how long each
activity of the project should take and how much time they
should devote to each activity in order to
successfully reach the project’s deadline. These process are
shown below:
1. Plan schedule management: The process of defining how the
project schedule will be planned,
developed, managed, executed, and controlled
2. Define activities: The process of decomposing the WBS work
packages into schedule activities that are
at a level small enough for estimating, scheduling, and
monitoring.
3. Sequential activities: The process of identifying and
documenting relationships among defined
activities and arranging them in the order in which they must be
performed.
4. Estimate activity resources: The process of estimating the
resources such as material, equipment,
manpower, and supplies required to perform activities in the

9. project.
5. Estimate activity durations: The process of estimating the
duration of the activities of the project by
utilizing scope and resource information, such as who will be
doing the work, resource availability, and
number of resources assigned.
6. Develop schedule: The iterative process of analyzing activity
sequence, dependency, logical
relationships, durations, resources such as materials, manpower,
equipment, supplies, constraints, and
assumptions to develop a project schedule with planned dates
for project activities completion.
7. Control Schedule: The process of monitoring the status of the
project by comparing the results to the
plan, updating project process, and managing changes to the
project schedule baseline (PMI, 2013).
Sequencing Activities
Activity sequencing is the process of placing all the defined
project activities in the order that these activities
will be performed. Through sequencing, we identify activities
that should be performed earlier within the schedule
and activities that will be performed later. Through this
sequential identification, the project can then determine all the
dependencies between activities so that they can be well
managed and reduce potential conflicts that may occur
within the schedules of the project team members. The primary
tool for diagraming activity dependencies is called
the precedence diagramming method (PDM).
Network Diagrams

10. A network diagram is like a flowchart and is beneficial for
schedule management for the following reasons:
project activities.
durations.
understand the sequential relationships
between activities and their roles.
time estimate.
to the critical path (PMI,
2013).
Precedence Relationships
The precedence diagramming method (PDM), which details the
exact method for completing a specific
project, is sometimes referred to as the activity on node (AON)
and is classified into four approaches:
1. Finish-to-start: Predecessor activity must be completed
before the successor activity can be initiated.
For example, you should put the water pipes into the walls
before you start painting the walls. It would
be much faster and less expensive to put the pipes in first, then
put in the cement to actually build the

11. wall around the pipes, and then finally paint the walls.
2. Start-to-start: Predecessor activity must be started before the
successor activity is started. For example,
design activity must be started before the coding activity is
started.
3. Finish-to-finish: Predecessor activity must be completed
before the successor activity is completed. For
example, design activity must be completed before the coding
activity is completed.
4. Start-to-finish: Predecessor activity must be started before
the successor activity is completed. For example,
MBA 6941, Managing Project Teams 3
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a new shift must be started for a previous shift to be finished
(PMI, 2013).
Network Dependency Types
The activity sequencing process is constrained or even
determined by three types of dependencies (mandatory,
discretionary, and external dependencies) in the network
diagram:

12. Unavoidable dependencies that are
inherent in the nature of the work or are
contractually required. They are like laws of nature and are also
called hard logic. For example,
pouring the foundation must precede raising the roof.
ncy: Also called preferred logic or soft
logic as they are the preferences of the
project manager. For example, you may originally plan to
complete all the design work prior to coding
but later decide not to work in sequential order but to work on
items parallel.
outside the project and must be
considered during the process of sequencing the activities (PMI,
2013).
Milestones
A milestone is similar to a bar chart that represents the
completion of major events or key deliverable in the
project. This means that milestones have no duration because
they only show completed activities.
Milestones are good tools for reporting to management and
customers.
Leads and Lags

13. A lead is an acceleration or a jump of the successor activity. It
is kind of like getting a jump start. For example,
in a finish-to-start relationship between design and coding in a
software project. Coding may start five days
before the design is completed. This can be shown as finish-to-
start with five days lead.
A lag is a delay in starting a successor activity or a deliberate
delay which is a waiting time between activities.
For example, you must wait three days after pouring concrete
before you can construct the frame for the
house. This is represented in a finish-to-start with three day’s
lag.
Duration Estimating Types
project estimate is given to the project
manager from management or the sponsor. This type of estimate
measures the project parameters
such as budget, size, complexity, and duration based on similar
project and historical information.
-up estimation: If the resource requirements for an
activity cannot be estimated due to the
complex nature of the activity, then this activity can be further
broken down into similar pieces of work
until the resources can be estimated for these pieces and later
summed up from the bottom back up
to an activity level.

14. c estimation: Uses mathematical models based on
historical records from other projects. It
utilizes the statistical relationship that exists between a series
of historical data and a particular
delineated list of other variables. Measures such as time per line
of code, time per installation, and
time per linear meter are considered in this type of estimate
(PMI, 2013).
Critical Path Method (CPM)
The critical path is the longest path through a network diagram
and determines the shortest time to complete
the project as well as any schedule flexibility. The critical path
is not the project schedule. Instead, the critical
path indicates the time period within which an activity could be
scheduled considering activity duration, logical
relationships, dependencies, leads, lags, and assumptions and
constraints. Elements of the critical path
method (CPM) include the following:
without delaying the project,
ctivities in the critical path can
slip,
-weighted average
estimates, and
into delays of project completion date

15. MBA 6941, Managing Project Teams 4
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
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(PMI, 2013).
Developing a Schedule Process
The development of the project schedule is a culmination of all
the steps through an iterative process of
analyzing sequential activities and their dependencies,
durations, logical relationships, resources (including
materials, manpower, equipment, and supplies), requirements,
constraints, and assumptions to develop the
project schedule with planned dates for the completion of the
project activities. The process of developing a
schedule produces the most vital and visible project schedule,
which determines the planned start and finish
dates for project milestones and activities. It is helpful when a
project manager and his or her project team
take the time to sit down and negotiate a project’s schedule and
determine all of the tasks that need to be
accomplished before embarking on the project because doing
this will limit potential conflicts that can delay a
project and cause a project to miss its final deadline.
Communication is definitely the key to completing a
successful project.

16. References
Project Management Institute. (2013). A guide to the project
management body of knowledge (5th ed.).
Newton Square, PA: Project Management Institute.
Suggested Reading
Please use your favorite search engine to locate the following
article. This article gives you an insight to
project process and how project integrated processes is helping
organizations achieve success:
Casinelli, M. (2005). Guidelines to mitigate schedule delay,
from the owner's viewpoint. Cost Engineering,
47(2), 21-27.