Georgia State Essay

Georgia State Essay
I am a resident of Augusta in Georgia State. The city is the second–largest in the state with a
population of 197872 according to the 2012 census. Georgia State is the 24th largest and 8th most
populous state in the United States. The Southern State is multi–racial, composed of 59.7% White,
30.5% Blacks and 0.3% American Indians. It was historically composed of half black population
who were exclusively slaves. According to economic surveys conducted between 2007 and 2008,
fourteen countries from the State were ranked among the nation's 100 fastest growing. It borders
Florida, South Carolina, Alabama, Tennessee and North Carolina.
The State has an estimated population of 10,097,343 and also has the highest number of illegal
immigrants in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While they largely represent the opinions of members of Georgia State they do not take every
opinion, note and regurgitate them. The positions of the Senators on issues such as abortion and
even the Iran Deal reflect the opinions of the majority Georgians. Senators Isakson Johnny and
Perdue David are great legislators who have contributed to many debates in the House and
sponsored bills that reflect the issues at the heart of Georgians. Based on their marvelous work, it is
highly predictable that they will be re–elected. Georgia leans towards the Republican ideologies,
and the Senators have well represented such ideals in their way of voting and the bills they have
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Hisa Essay
The Housing Opportunities for Persons with AIDS (HOPWA) Program was established by the AIDS
Housing Opportunity Act of 1990, and revised under the Housing and Community Development Act
of 1992. The HOPWA program provides states and localities with resources and incentives to devise
long–term comprehensive strategies for meeting the housing needs of low–income persons with
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and their families. The HOPWA program helps
beneficiaries improve their health by providing stable housing as a basis for increased participation
in comprehensive care. Additionally, program achievements are measured though performance
reports submitted annually by program grantees.
The City of Miami (City) is the local ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The HOPWA section is also part of their CAPER report that provides public information on their
formula program accomplishments. Grantees also report related project and client data in a HOPWA
beneficiary worksheet on the assistance provided to beneficiaries during this operating period.
Similarly, HOPWA competitive renewal grants report at the end of each of their contract years in
Annual Progress Reports (APR). By contrast, data on expenditures is tracked in a live manner,
based on current disbursements filed with the department's accounting systems (Hopwa
Performance Profiles, 2017).
There are many reasons why performance measurement is important. First it helps in meeting
Federal requirements. At the Federal level, HUD is required to meet the standards of the
Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA) of 1993, which holds all Federal agencies
accountable for establishing goals and objectives and measuring outcomes. Second, it enhances
program capacity and performance. The use of performance data allows program managers to
identify what is working well and where adjustment needs to be made to more effectively address
the needs of persons living with HIV/AIDS (Consolidated Annual Performance Evaluation Report
(CAPER): Measuring

New York: Migration To The United States
he City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in
the United States.[9] Located at the southern tip of the state of New York, the city is the center of
the New York metropolitan area, one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world.[10]
[11] With a U.S. Census Bureau–estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405[1] distributed over a land
area of just 305 square miles (790 km2),[12] New York is also the most densely populated major
city in the United States.[13] A global power city,[14] New York City exerts a significant impact
upon commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and entertainment, its
fast pace[15] defining the term New York minute.[16] Home to the ... Show more content on
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Anchored by Wall Street in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan, New York City has been
called both the most economically powerful city and the leading financial center of the world,[23]
[63][64][65][66][67] and the city is home to the world's two largest stock exchanges by total market
capitalization, the New York Stock Exchange and NASDAQ.[68][69] Manhattan's real estate market
is among the most expensive in the world.[70][71] Manhattan's Chinatown incorporates the highest
concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere,[72][73] with multiple signature
Chinatowns developing across the city.[74][75] Providing continuous 24/7 service,[76] the New
York City Subway is one of the most extensive metro systems worldwide, with 469 stations in
operation.[77][78][79] New York City's higher education

Case Study: Bell California
Bell California is a small blue collar community which is one of the poorest cities in Los Angeles
County, where the politicians had an easy time of taking advantage of the community. There are just
two main streets with one having small shops and another a few blocks away with a few commercial
stores. Many of the residents that live in Bell work for the city or receive public aid so not many
people would speak out against any corruption that might be occurring within the city. Much of the
residents are Hispanic or Latino and many do not have a high school education. Because of this fact
it made it easy for the local politicians to raise taxes for public services, give city contracts worth
tens of millions of dollars to associates and give ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Since many people do not understand how government operates it opened the door wide open for
the corrupt actions to occur. With most poverty stricken communities the population does not
participate in many of the elections or vote to re–elect officials that are presently in office due to
ignorance of the process. With the fact that the State of California legislature passed legislation
limiting the pay of council members unless the city was a charter, this also allowed the Bell City
Council members to bypass the limits set by the state. The restrictions were based on population and
range from $300 to $1,000 a month. The state enacted this law because as a reaction to the high
salaries those leaders in South Gate had given themselves earlier. They easily passed this by placing
it on a special election ballot that they knew would draw little to no interest by the general
community. The Council members called it a measure that would give the city more control but did
not speak of how it might change their salaries. Council members were allowed to vote to increase
their salaries above those limits, but only by 5% a

Jamestown Rediscovery Artifacts : How Do We Recapture The...
Jamestown Rediscovery Artifacts
How do we recapture the lives of people who left no written record? If a pot is found in the middle
of the woods, how do we determine how it got there? From what clues can we unlock the history
behind that pot? Are artifacts a reliable source of factual information? It's through artifacts
uncovered, put together with written documentation, that we can tell the story of the way people
lived. With the Jamestown Rediscovery, artifacts are analyzed and put together with written
documentation to piece together the story of what happened to the people of Jamestown. Through
such artifacts such as clothing materials, the bones of animals, and the remains of the teenage girl
names "Jane", we can scientifically couple the evidence to learn about the early settlement on the
James River.
First, the question, "How do we recapture the lives of people who left no written record?" is not a
fair question to ask. There is written record. There may not be written record of the dates, time and
actions of the colonists themselves, but there is written record outside of Jamestown. There is
written records of surrounding areas, journals, ship manifests, trade logs, any number of minute
documentation that when researched, and pieced together, can give historians an accurate
accounting of the time in Jamestown. To determine what happened in past time based solely on
artifacts would rely on some conjecture and speculation. Thankfully, historians are able to do the leg

The City Of Indianapolis Uses A Performance Budget
Budget and Budget Format The City of Indianapolis uses a performance budget. The budget reflects
resource input and service output for various departments of the city. It creates a connection
between the funds provided to the public, and shows the outcomes of the services. This way, it
breaks down into departments and helps in evaluating spending from every department in a more
in–depth way. The budget format creates clear standards by which to measure success, which is
evident in its simplistic nature. The structure makes it easy to understand the key variables that
inform each department's allocation in line with the need to meet the city's development agenda. It
promotes program efficiency and ensures that the program is cost–effective, which ensures
efficiency and effectiveness of resource allocation. It ties expenditures to each program in relation to
the specific goal developed for the program, which helps immensely in ensuring that resource
utilization align with the goal, thereby promoting program accomplishment. This budget makes it
easy for the organization to modify resource allocation for various tasks, depending on whether they
want to upscale or downscale the program. The city should not adopt a different format because the
performance budgeting format used fits them well in terms of dealing with each department's
resource inputs. They have to maintain the format. Probably, what they need to do is to address the
underpinning weaknesses to avert any possible

Emergency Response Personnel And Eoc Staff Essay
The EOC is highly secure and set up to accommodate an adequate amount of emergency response
personnel and EOC staff (room capacity is 60 people) (Lavelle, 2016). These dedicated operations
rooms can also serve as multi–use space and can be consolidated or expanded depending on
operational needs (Lavelle, 2016). Recently, the EOC received several upgrades to its monitoring
systems and in technical equipment, including a more expansive phoning system, new televisions
and computers (Lavelle, 2016). The EOC also has smaller conference rooms, which are physically
separate from the primary operations room and is set up to not interfere with ongoing operations
(Lavelle, 2016).
EOC planning, training, and varying activities are primarily coordinated with King County (Seattle,
Renton, Auburn, Kent, Federal Way, Bellevue, Issaquah, and other unincorporated areas), which has
a population that exceeds 2 million (Lavelle, 2016). Lower priority planning is routinely done in
conjunction with the Snohomish County Department of Emergency Management (DEM), which
represents unincorporated areas and tribes within Snohomish County, and the city of Bothell, which
borders Snohomish County and King County (Lavelle, 2016).
Planning activities at this specific EOC revolves around staff training, drills, coordinating activities,
communicating with other agencies, and engaging the public to increase community preparedness
(Lavelle, 2016). Budget and related constraints are primarily established

Texas Politics Essay
Chapter 11 of the textbook, 'Texas Politics", it is primarily about the purpose and structure of the
local governments within the state of Texas. Texas has 254 counties, the most of any state. Each
county is governed by a five–member Commissioners Court, which consists of a County Judge
(elected at–large) and four Commissioners (elected from single–member precincts). The County
Judge has no veto authority over the decisions of the Court, s/he has one vote along with the other
Commissioners. In smaller counties, the County Judge also performs judicial functions, while in
larger counties his/her role is limited to the Court. Elections are held on a partisan basis. Counties
have no home rule authority; their authority is strictly limited by the ... Show more content on
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As such it is simultaneously a city, which is a municipal corporation, and a county, which is an
administrative division of a state. It has the powers and responsibilities of both types of entities.
Rather than pinning the responsibility of all the tasks of the four types pf local government, it would
be easier to keep the responsiblilities separated where each group can do their task at one–hundred
percent rather than one person

America Needs Affordable Housing Essay
America Needs Affordable Housing
It is often easy to castigate large cities or third world countries as failures in the field of affordable
housing, yet the crisis, like an invisible cancer, manifests itself in many forms, plaguing both urban
and suburban areas. Reformers have wrestled passionately with the issue for centuries, revealing the
severity of the situation in an attempt for change, while politicians have only responded with band
aid solutions. Unfortunately, the housing crisis easily fades from our memory, replaced by visions of
homeless vets, or starving children. Metropolis magazine explains that "...though billions of dollars
are spent each year on housing and development programs worldwide, ? At least 1 billion people ...
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The housing crisis in New York City disguises itself well, hiding in the back of commercial zones or
illegal tenements. Jacob Riis, a reformer at the end of the last century, spoke through photographs of
the City's poorest neighborhoods to impress the issue upon the world. His book, How the Other Half
Lives, was a cry to the public for affordable housing and livable conditions for the city's poor.
Ironically, as an October 1996 New York Times article points out, 100 years under the bridge has
not created even a marginal move of progress. Contrary to the popular belief that hard work and fair
play yield access to the "American Dream,?the Times article depicts the conditions of the working
poor, the "all but homeless?class that exists day by day.
"The reality is that if you are poor in a fast, cold city like this, they don't care how you live so long
as you are not out on the streets worrying people,? 83 year old Maria Pagan told The Times. Mrs.
Pagan lived for a decade in a Bushwick building that was crumbling around her ?the landlord, the
City of New York, only began making improvements when her bathroom ceiling collapsed. In
comparison, Riis's description of his photograph of Baxter Street in The New York Sun, "At 59
Baxter Street . . . is an alley. . . with tenements on either side ?so close as to almost shut out the light
of day.?
Working conditions in the late 19th

John Smith in Jamestown Essay
John Smith in Jamestown
The leadership strengths and weaknesses of John Smith evoked a profound effect on the Jamestown
colony. The fact that Smith actually arrived in the colony as a common prisoner and was able to
achieve the leadership role that he gained is amazing. His creativity and knowledge in certain areas
actually saved the colonists from attack and starvation in the early days. Some of the rules he
enforced as a leader were actually instrumental in saving the colony. His skill in dealing with the
natives allowed him to gain their support and continue trade that resulted in the survival of the
colony.
Christopher Newport, the admiral that transported John Smith and many of the colonists from
England, left the Jamestown ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The colonists were desperate for food because it was the middle of winter. The raid failed because
early German settlers that eventually joined the natives, warned them in advance about the attack.
After the failed raid, Smith returned to the fort to find the food storage infested with rats and worms.
By this time, Ratcliffe had been put under arrest and John Smith had become the president. As
president, he then created a rule to make all of the colonists work, or pay the consequences. Smith
called an assembly and stated, "He that will not work shall not eat." (Price 108) The law means if a
man does not do any work, he will not get any food. By implementing this law, Smith ensured that
most, if not all, of the colonists would do their own share of the work that needed to be done. With
the new work effort of the colonists, twenty houses were built, a well was dug, and thirty to forty
acres of crops were planted. All of that was accomplished in three months. Once again, John Smith
had saved the Jamestown settlement.
Shortly after Smith introduced his "He that will not work shall not eat" law, the colony's new stock
of food again became infested with rats. Smith had studied different tactics for years while he lived
alone in his cabin. He developed a plan for how to handle this situation. Smith "took a divide–and–
survive approach when their food ran low by dispersing into small groups." (Price 109) He called
this

Examples Of Segregation In Schools
Segregation Up Close and Local The correlation between racism and the ability of the U.S.
population to accept the differences between the races has obviously been a long term project.
Despite the desegregation of schools in the south after the ruling of Brown vs. Board of Education,
much reservation was apparent in the willingness of people to allow the mixing of the races. Many
works of literature, including Harper Lee's To Kill A Mockingbird, demonstrated the racial divide in
education. A prime example of this would be to examine the history of our closest metropolitan
neighbor Louisville, Kentucky. Louisville schools provide a great example of how public schools
dealt with integration and the challenge of changing de facto discrimination. ... Show more content
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Louisville began integrating in 1961 but with not much avail. Despite the desegregation, the idea of
white superiority was still fresh in the minds of many. This was evident by the numerous private
white schools being built and the mass migration of wealthy whites to the Floyd Central schools,
located across the river in Southern Indiana. Floyd Central was rebuilt in 1967 because by 1961 the
migration of 200 plus students per year were flowing into the district. This exodus was also greatly
contributed to the construction of the Sherman–Minton Bridge in 1962, linking Louisville to Floyd
County, IN. Glen Barks, the first superintendent of the consolidated school district made absolute
use of his district's and surrounding townships non incorporated status. He immediately went about
reducing transportation costs and supported whole–heartedly the refusal to integrate with near–by
New Albany refusing to bus students. Fear and prejudice of blacks was a common component of the
characters in To Kill A Mockingbird. In small town Maycomb, AL race was an intense factor that
justified most peoples actions towards blacks. "You aren't really a nigger–lover, then, are you?"
(11.107–109) "I certainly am. I do my best to love everybody."(11.107–109) Atticus and his
housekeeper Calpurnia took a different view point and faced the criticism in full wrath from the rest
of the town. Atticus was a humble man who raised his children to

Journal Square History
New Jersey is full of places where historical events have occurred. One of these places is Journal
Square, which is located in Jersey City, NJ. Its history starts when the Lenni Lenape Indians first
settled there, however, the time period of when the Lenape Indians first came is unknown. In the
1650s, General Peter Stuyvesant had everyone under his rule. Two years later, Stuyvesant
engineered the purchase of most of present–day Hudson County from the Indians in return for some
materials. On November 1660, the Dutch moved in and claimed Bergen Square (now known as
Journal Square) to be their place of settlement. A wall was built to help protect their community
from any dangers that may occur from the outside world. The Dutch settlers strictly spoke Dutch.
The community was preserved that way until the 1920s. Bergen Square is the first and earliest area
in New Jersey to have a permanent settlement. Journal Square's history goes from the Lenni Lenape
Indians to Peter ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Courthouse opened its doors on September 10, 1910. The building cost $3.3 million and
remained at the center of the Hudson County judicial system until 1953 when a second structure was
erected and the original building was closed. It was destined for demolition in the 1970s, but again,
local preservationists stepped in to save it. The original building was restored and reopened in 1985.
Journal Square is rich in history. It has changed in many ways, but at the same time, it has stayed
similar to the way it was. Some sites were replaced over and over again, but still remain in place till
now. It is significant to know the background history behind the area you live in because you never
know what historical events might have occurred in that area or what historical figure was in what is
now a school or something else. Journal Square's history goes from theatres to banks to houses to
schools to courthouses. It has a never ending

Westside School District No. 5 Case Study
Communication within the Westside School District No. 5 between the school district and the
communities and families that it serves is a very dynamic process. I talked with district
administrators, community members, researched pertinent information in the Arkansas State
University library, and various governmental online sources and found very helpful information to
include in this sociological inventory. Westside Consolidated School District No. 5 is a
consolidation of primarily three school districts Bono, Cash and Egypt located in Craighead County,
Arkansas in 1966 (Westside, 2017). The district also includes parts of Walnut Ridge and Alicia in
Lawrence County and parts of Jonesboro in Craighead County. The district has three school
buildings housing students from pre–Kindergarten through twelfth grade. The elementary school is
the school for ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Graham, personal communication, February 3, 2017) concerning the causes of poverty in the
community. He grew up Bono, Arkansas, graduated from Westside Consolidated School District No.
5, and stated that the school district has 60% of the students participating in the free and reduced
lunch program. The poverty that exists in the communities of the school district is due to the lack of
good paying manufacturing jobs and the lower paying agricultural jobs that exist in the community.
The issue that causes the most tension at Westside Consolidated School District No. 5 is the school
shooting. Many families moved out of the school district as a result and the district has not
recovered fully from the departure of those business leaders and students. The projected growth is
another community issue that is causing tension. The state of the district buildings and amenities is
not on the level of our former rival Valley View nor our current rival Brookland and the district has
few options to build new buildings, retain teachers, and offer new class curriculums for the student

Why We Need An Urban County Government
Why We Need an Urban County Government
For too long this area has taken a back seat to the larger cities around us. We need to join the rest of
the progressive regions in this state and establish a new, more efficient form of government. Pulaski
County and the cities of Somerset, Science Hill, Ferguson, and Burnside need to merge together and
create an urban county government. This will help to consolidate duplicate services, provide better
representation for the citizens of Pulaski County, and strengthen the economy in this region.
We live in a magnificent part of the state of Kentucky. We have picturesque landscapes, really
pleasant residents, and a magnificent lake that supports a huge part of our economy through tourism.
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As a result, it is possible for the citizens to vote to implement this type of government. Therefore, in
April of 2013 the Somerset–Pulaski County United group formed and began the process of having
feasibility studies done to see if the formation of an urban county government would be an
alternative that would serve our area well. According to the Commonwealth Journal, a newspaper in
Somerset, Kentucky, "A group of about 60 community leaders, clustered as Somerset–Pulaski
County United (SPCU), is embarking on a study to determine if a consolidated or united
government in Pulaski County would be more efficient and more responsive to the county's 63,000
residents." (Mardis and Shmidheiser). This group, a cross–section that well represents the residents
of this county, believes that the formation an urban county government is a great opportunity for all
our futures.
Unfortunately, the SPCU has faced much antagonism in this initial phase of work. Many current
government leaders are afraid of what changes might do to their positions of power. But these same
leaders are also the ones who create problems and allow current ones to continue. Having a council
of peers will give a voice everyone in the area, not just the few who reside in the

The Crusades Dbq
For many years, holy wars had been fought by Christians all across Europe against the impeding
forces of neighboring Muslims. These wars were called the Crusades and for decades upon
centuries, thousands of lives had been lost on both the Christian and Muslim fronts. Historically
speaking, there were approximately nine crusades waged upon the Muslims to stop them from
encroaching further on European territory, but most of these Crusades were unsuccessful with the
advent of strong Muslim empires. Empires such as the Abbasid, the Fatimid, and the Ottoman all
had advanced technology with the advent of gunpowder and canons; they were unstoppable and
continued to conquer lands up to Vienna and Austria. The main goal of the Crusades was to "take
back" the Holy land of Jerusalem, a sacred site to all people of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam and
to fight against the unbeilivers (Spielvogel, 329). Each of the three religions held claims about the
significance of the city and the surrounding area, relating back to their respective prophets, Moses,
Jesus, and Mohammed, respectively. Christians joined the crusader expeditions for several reasons:
for the glory of spreading their religion, for the spoils of war, and for preventing any progression of
Islam.
The Muslim empires proved to be forces to be reckoned with when they stretched and ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Looking from an impartial, unbiased perspective, both fronts committed war on each other and lost
many men. Muslims had led a flourishing empire that encompassed all three Abrahamic faiths and
many others outside the prized area of the Levant. On the other hand, Christians did not facilitate
such a welcoming environment for Muslims and Jews in their territories. Dictatorial powers arose
within Christian leaders called for an outright slaughtering of the heretics. Ultimately, the crusades
were a failure and did not achieve the main goal of securing the Holy land for the

General-Purpose State Governments
American local governments sprouted in response to a combination of citizen demand, interest
group pressure, and state government acquiescence. As a consequence, no scientific system of local
government exists. General–purpose local governments perform a wide variety of governmental
functions, and counties, municipalities, and towns and townships all fall into this category. Special
purpose local governments generally focus on a specific purpose and one function. Best known of
these are the school districts. Regardless of name, it is state government that gives local
governments of all types their legal life.
Counties were created to function as appendages of the state, but modernization and population
growth have put pressures on counties ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are some 33,000 special districts around the country, and their number is growing. They
overlay existing general–purpose governments and differ in their organization–they are minuscule to
mammoth. They continue to exist because of technical and practical limits on the general–purpose
local government, the special debt and tax advantages under which the special district operates, and
the political power that they accrue. They accrue political power because of restrictive annexation
laws faced by cities and the limits on county government authority. Once created, the special–
district interests fight encroachment by general–purpose governments. Supporters argue they are
efficient in providing a service and are responsive to constituents whose needs were not met by
general–purpose government. However, many scholars look at them with a jaundiced eye, because
they feel that they operate without enough political accountability and that well placed groups are
their special beneficiaries. Some states are taking action to give general–purpose local governments
more input into the creation of new special

Administrative Assistant Job Analysis
My key objective within a year after graduation from California State University, Long Beach is to
ascend into a supervisor position after gaining now four years of experience within an
administrative assistant role. In three to five years I see myself as a supervisor within our
Neuroscience Department is gaining experience on how to manage daily functions, absorb
knowledge from upper level executives, and become involved within my local ACHE chapter in
Orange County. If I were to create a projection of where I see myself in the time frame of just under
ten years, I would hypothesize that I would at have made my way into an executive administrator
role either within my department or if opportunity arouse outside my department or hospital. I'd
have several various departments that I'd be responsible for operations around as well as several
departmental supervisors as my direct reports. I'd be beginning a fellowship with the American
College of Healthcare Executives and volunteering one to two days a week for training ... Show
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These areas have a dense population of hospital systems, which would be the desired organization
that I plan to work within my future career. Within Orange County, which is where my residence is
currently located there are a total of 38 hospitals within the county limits that would within my
desired target market to work at. Second, is Los Angles County, a widespread geographic area
consisting of a total of 119 hospitals according to OSHPD data. As a desired target market for
myself to work it would consist of greater startup costs in relocation as I'd need to move closer to
Los Angeles. Third, is San Diego County, where within county limits there is a total of 35 hospitals
according to OSHPD data. This desired target market has the least number of hospitals and consists
mainly of hospital systems, making it a barrier to entry to consider as one of my target

Functions Of Demand For Air Transport
Executive Summary
Intro
Methods
There are different methods to estimate the benefits. Such as, the possibility of asking the
passengers for their willingness to pay for these changes, by informing them how these changes will
benefit them. This could also be done by, commutating with Airlines to find out how much they
would be willing to pay for enlargement of the airport (George, 2014). By setting a number, airlines
would have an estimate of what the passengers are willing to pay for the performs of this project.
Another option is to ask directly potential passengers and current (George, 2014). An indirect way to
estimate this benefit is based on the provisions of the demand for air ... Show more content on
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This interpretation responds to the assumption that marginal cost airlines do not vary with
increasing product that does not change the cost of each trip for airlines, despite the expansion and
time (George, 2014).
Data collection and Data Processing
The purpose of calculating the cost–benefit analysis is to start making investment decisions from
2011 and finished in 2031, despite the opening of the new track in 2014 (Broward County Florida ,
2010). The value of investment from 2011 till 2014 is 477,338,836 million (Broward County Florida
, 2010). The value of investments expands in time to meet rising demand expected, which does not
occur at once, but gradually (Broward County Florida , 2010). Table 2 presents the concepts of the
investment cost, according to data provided by Broward County. Recurrent costs include repairs and
extra storage, central services, air navigation and other minor costs, as well as maintenance of
asphalt tracks every four years (at a cost of 300 million pesetas per track (Broward County Florida ,
2010). Figure1 shows the costs of operation and maintenance according to data released by Broward
County (Broward County Florida , 2010). This project will also contribute to increased local
economic, through the creation of thousands of direct and indirect jobs (City of Fort Lauderdale ,
2012).
Terminal Renewal
The four airport terminals will be remodeled with larger lobbies, new restaurants and shops,

Intergovernmental Cooperation In Michigan
Intergovernmental cooperation in Michigan's New Economy
This article discussed the idea and development of intergovernmental cooperation in the State of
Michigan. This cooperation focused on reducing overall costs of some programs by sharing services
with other local municipalities, and reducing inefficiency within each municipality. This program
encourages collaboration and using resources in a healthier manner to benefit municipalities.
Governments that are in a fiscal crisis are consistently looking for ways to save money without
raising taxes. There is an idea that local governments can save costs by sharing services and/or
consolidating government functions. However, there is not much research proving that this will help
governments ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is less of a risk to work together with a city, township or village that is not in deficit or dealing
with political controversy. Plymouth, Canton and Salem Schools, which is now Plymouth–Canton
School district, merged their school districts to allow an expanded selection of schools for their
citizens. Enrollment increased and was steady when this initially happened in 2002, but is now
slowing down due to migration. This is an example of how intergovernmental cooperation can
work.
If we look at Ecorse, MI, no municipalities wanted to for cooperation with them because they were
in deficit and financial distress. Although this could have been beneficial for Ecorse, no one was
willing to take on that risk and debt. Therefore, we see how forming intergovernmental cooperation
can happen when being in an area where citizens pay their property taxes, elected officials work in
their positions with value and integrity and revenue is not a

Ginsburg V. City Of Ithaca And Cornell University Case Study
Title: Ginsburg v. City of Ithaca and Cornell University et al., 839 F. Supp. 2d. 537 (N.D.N.Y.
2012). Parties: Plaintiff: Howard I. Ginsburg, as Administrator of the Estate of Bradley Marc
Ginsburg, Defendants: City of Ithaca and Cornell University. Court: United States District Court.
Procedural posture: The case is before the Northern District of New York after the plaintiff, Howard
I. Ginsburg, filed an amended petition as the administrator of the estate of his deceased son, Bradley
Marc Ginsburg, asking that the City of Ithaca and Cornell University be held negligent for Bradley's
wrongful death as well as personal injuries and conscious pain and suffering. Facts: On or about
February 16 or 17, 2010, a freshman Cornell student, Bradley Ginsburg, committed suicide after
jumping to his death off the Thurston Avenue Bridge in Ithaca, New York. Investigation showed that
Bradley exhibited no visible warning signs associated with someone thinking about ending their life,
but the father alleged that the City of Ithaca and Cornell University failed to take appropriate
precautions to secure the bridge after 26 prior suicides on it and the other six bridges near campus
between 1990 and 2010. Issues: 1) Did Cornell University through planning with the City of Ithaca
exercise sufficient control over the design, construction, and maintenance of the Thurston Avenue
Bridge where they could not be held liable for any alleged hazards on the bridge that might cause
injuries or death? 2) Did the City of Ithaca and Cornell University takes adequate steps to ensure the
safety of individual's using the bridge at any time after the prior deaths were committed? Holdings:
1) No. Between the years of 2006 through 2007 Cornell University played a major part in the City
of Ithaca's redesign and rebuilding of the Thurston Avenue Bridge but was irresponsible due to their
failure to express the importance of adding railings and other preventive suicide measures over
"aesthetics" even with the prior knowledge of past suicidal events. Galindo v. Town of Clarkstown,
2 N.Y. 3d 633, 636 (2004) states that a party that owns or controls the property "has a duty to
exercise reasonable care under the circumstances in

Police Agencies And The United States Of America
Many different types of police agencies exist in the United States of America. Each and every police
agencies varies from small town police departments to larger federal agencies. The functions of the
police agencies usually depend on the type of organization, its size, its mission, and jurisdiction.
When selecting an agency that is suitable for you and your interests several things should be
considered.
In the topic of federal law enforcement agencies, a federal law enforcement agency is an
organizational unit with the task of prevention, detection, and investigation of crime and the
apprehension of alleged offenders. There are 65 federal agencies and 27 offices of inspector general
that employs full–time personnel that are allowed to make arrests and carry firearms ("Types of Law
Enforcement Agencies", 2015). Examples of federal law enforcement agencies include the U.S.
Customs and Border Protection, Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the Secret Service, and the
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (ATF). According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, in
the year of 2004 the most of the Federal officers were U.S. Customs and Border Protection, Federal
Bureau of Prisons, the FBI, and U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, with each having over
10,000 officers, ("Types Of Law Enforcement Agencies", 2015), but in the census of federal law
enforcement officers which happened in 2008 some agencies that employed full–time officers, who
had authority of federal arrest,

City County Consolidation Case Study
INTRODUCTION
On November 7, 1972, voters in Fayette County and Lexington Kentucky decided to consolidate
their city and county government. 69.8 percent of the 62,197 voters who showed up to the polls cast
their ballots in support of the merger (Shaw 2010). City–county consolidation occurs when a local
government reform in which a major municipality and county merge to create a unified government.
Smaller governments are believed to benefit by their ability to take advantage of larger government
economies. These referenda have shown to be mostly unsuccessful, partly because of how
unpopular it is with voters. City–county consolidation has been debated for decades, various
commissions have been formed to study the idea and countless proposals ... Show more content on
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After it's success at the polls, the Lexington Police assumed law enforcement duties previously
performed by the Fayette County Sheriff's Department. Consolidation for local fire departments
soon followed. The local park merger however went in the opposite direction; responsibilities were
given to county officials. All necessary changes took nearly three years; staff sizes were reduced
mainly by implementing a hiring freeze when employees left, rather than

Metropolitan Sprawl
Methodology
Design
This research will answer to the preceding research questions in five steps:
Step one: I will refine and update the Ewing et al. (2002) metropolitan sprawl indices to 2010This
study will differ from the Ewing et al.'s 2002study in three respects. First, it will include additional
metrics from various data sources such as Walk Score, NAVTEQ road data, Smart Location
Databases and National Land Cover Database in order to increase validity and captures more
aspects of each four dimensions (development density, land use mix, activity centering and street
accessibility).
Second, for measuring the degree of centering, as the third dimension of sprawl, this study will seek
to identify the location of central business districts ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A metropolitan area is a region that consists of a densely populated urban core and its less–
populated surrounding areas that are economically and socially linked to it. The criteria of defining
metropolitan areas changed in 2003. Smaller MSAs remained the same, but larger metropolitan
areas, previously referred to as consolidated metropolitan statistical areas (CMSAs) are now defined
as MSAs (see figure 1). Different portions of CMSAs, previously referred to as primary
metropolitan statistical areas (PMSAs), have been redefined and reconfigured as metropolitan
divisions. For example, the old New York CMSA consisted of eleven counties in two states and four
PMSAs: New York PMSA, Nassau–Suffolk PMSA, Dutchess County PMSA and Newburgh, NY–
PA PMSA (see figure 2). The current New York MSA consists of twenty–three counties in three
states and four metropolitan divisions. Metropolitan divisions do not perfectly substitute for
PMSAs, as they have different size thresholds (2.5 million vs. 1 million population), but they come
as close to representing homogenous units as we can come with current census geography.
Metropolitan divisions are designated for each of the eleven largest

Summary Of Bacon's Rebellion
Lauren Miller
CIS History –3
Common Assignment #1
10/26/15
Bacon's Rebellion
Nathanial Bacon was a young, bold, active, and powerful individual (Beverly). Bacon was born in
England, taught at Cambridge, and later moved to Virginia with his wife, Elizabeth, in 1974 (Tarter).
Bacon graduated from the University of Cambridge and studied the law. Elizabeth's father, the Sir
Edward Duke of Suffolk, opposed their marriage. Her disinheritance by her father contributed to
Bacon's decision to migrate to North America. When they moved they got two plantations paid for
by his father. Bacon owned the two plantations along the Jamestown northern frontier. By his social
position and financial means, Bacon was brought up in the governor's council in ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Berkeley saw Bacon's action as a direct challenge to his own authority. The governor didn't like his
choices, and now refused to grant him anything. However the council, fearing the awful
consequences of disrupting an unhappy individual who was ready armed and had the governor,
council, and assembly entirely in their power, told the governor to accept his request. With much
hesitancy the governor signed it, and put the power of war and peace into Bacon's hands. This was
not a good decision to make considering Bacon just came to the council and threatened them to
grant his wishes. He then immediately marched off, achieving his end, which was in effect power to
acquire a trust of the Indian trade for himself and his friends. The governor, having failed to raise an
army against Bacon to fight his men, had no choice but to flee to the Eastern shore. He then
gathered enough strength to return to Jamestown, where he proclaimed Bacon and his men. Berkley
had called for new elections to the Burgesses for better aid of the Native American problem. Bacon
was not serving his business in the House of Burgesses; instead he was at his plantation miles away.
By then the governor had a small party with him. He aided them with clothes, arms and
ammunitions, in order to cross the bay and oppose the rebel. Bacon feared that he could not fight
against them then decided set fire to the town to solve

EA 1: Community Gardens
EA 1: Community Gardens Imagine the County or State starting a community garden where you
live! If the County or State funded a community garden around where you live it would be great
because there is a lot of positive things the garden will cause. The County or State should fund land
and tools for community gardens, because it will provide food and flowers for the community, gives
people a place to develop a hobby, and it promotes community spirit. Community gardens bring
enjoyment into atmosphere. "Recreational events at farmers market strengthen community bonds."
(Smith). Meaning that it engages the community to get along and work together. This is a positive
thing to have in a community because not every community has a strong join, in some communities
people don't get along and people judge other people because they ... Show more content on
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"Community gardens at park and recreation sites are particularly important for children in
increasing their knowledge and health through gardening programs."(Smith). Having a community
garden can teach adults as well as kids how to grow vegetables and have a healthier lifestyle. Not
only about having a healthier lifestyle but it would teach kids more about how the produce that they
are eating are raised, it is important for them to know how they grow because it is like they do not
know where the food in there mouth came from and they do not really know what they are eating.
"The gardens also afforded opportunities to learn about horticulture and sustainable environmental
practices, such as composting and recycling, as well as being an important source of low–cost fresh
produce for a healthy diet."("The"). This is a quote from an article that is all about community
gardens and it is saying that having a garden in a community will give lots of positive knowledge to
the people who will work with the

Comparing The Sussex Landscape: Urban Area Of The District...
Abstract
This paper will compare and contrast the landscape of the urban area of the City of Brighton and
Hove and the rural area of the District of Wealden, which are both located in East Sussex County,
England.
Compare and Contrast Two Areas of the Sussex Landscape–Urban Area of Brighton and Hove City
and the Rural Country Side of the District of Wealden
There is an impressively wide spectrum of divergence within the sheer nature of certain landscape
entities. For some landscape entities there is a greater chance that it will show a very wide variety of
features within itself. In this scenario, the discussion and discourse focuses on an example of a
nearly extreme variety within a relatively small space. The name of that ... Show more content on
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These are all made up of a location within relatively small landmass and fits with the nature of small
and dense cities. What speaks most importantly about the population of Brighton is the fact that it
does lie within such a small area, a feature that grants it a high population density of 9,000 people
per square mile. This density level lags behind that of larger metropolitan areas such as London
(14,200/sq mi), however it still holds significance by contrast with the more rural and sparsely
populated District of Wealden, which has a population density of 480 people per square mile, given
its much larger land size and lower population (eastsussexinfigures.org.uk, 2014). Wealden covers
an area of 323 square miles, and is the largest district in East Sussex. Half the population of the
District of Wealden, live in five main towns, which are Crowborough, Hailsham, Heathfield,
Polegate and Uckfield; and the rest of the population live in villages and hamlets in some of the
most attractive countryside in the South of England. Two–thirds of the district is covered by the
High Weald Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, and the South Downs National Park; and located
within the district there are 34 conservation areas and over 2,500 listed buildings.
This figure below reflects the differences in designation between these two areas. Brighton and
Hove is a city that holds a large population, and is set as a unitary authority that is also consolidated
as its own administrative district. It therefore has the status of a city. Meanwhile the District of
Wealden is roughly 22 miles away and due to its rural nature, every settlement within its borders are
designated as civil parishes, along with most of the rest of England, usually also rural

Financial Analysis Of Healthcare Organizations
The intention of this research paper is to further understand the financial statement of four distinct
hospitals located in the San Diego, California County. An analysis of the financial report for Sharp
HealthCare, Scripps Health, Tri–City HealthCare, and Palomar Health will be briefly discussed
individually on each important financial outcome's Such as: assets, liabilities, revenue, expenses,
hospital debt, and investments. To analyze further, a break down between the hospitals assets,
liabilities, and revenue will be compared in the paper. Keywords: Sharp HealthCare, Scripps Health,
Tri–City HealthCare, and Palomar Health, Financial A Financial Analysis Performance Comparison
of Scripps, Palomar, Sharp, and Tri–City Hospitals Understanding the financial analysis of
healthcare organizations is strategic to the organization by understanding their stand on the amount
of revenue they gain, healthcare assets, and their financial goals. This paper will provide a
comparison on the performance of financial analysis of several California Healthcare Organizations
such as; Scripps Health, Palomar Health, Sharp Healthcare, and Tri–City Healthcare. The four
healthcare organizations will be illustrated with an overview about what the organizations have been
doing financially , where they have been growing financially, and what have they accomplished
over the past year from examining their financial statement. As the nation's healthcare model
continues to evolve,

Relationship Between State and Local Government Essay
Forms of Local Government
The basis for county, city and special district governing and authority are laid out in the State
Constitution and Government Code. Counties in California are responsible for providing limited
services to unincorporated areas. The state Legislature created the Local Agency Formation
Commission (LAFCO) in 1963 to control local government fragmentation. The Local Agency
Formation Commission (LAFCO) gives counties the power to tax, create special districts and annex
unincorporated land to cities in the county (League of Women Voters, 1992).
There are three classes of county government. The main differences are in the organization and
selection of governing bodies and officers. General Law counties elect ... Show more content on
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Municipalities may also provide parks, public housing, and various utility services. Cities are
required to develop a general plan, environmental reports and review of their capital improvements
program (League of California Cities, n.d.). Charter municipalities may have increased powers,
requiring a vote for adoption and amendment. Incorporated cities and towns have the power to levy
taxes. Special districts provide focused service. They only serve specific designated areas and
provide only one service. That service is a public service or program constitutes want. While county
and city service are mandated by federal and state government, special districts provide what the
public wants. Local agency loss of property tax revenue and competition for existing revenue leaves
fewer dollars for services. Residents and landowners can form a district to pay for an increased level
of service or other services they desire. Local citizens can receive services at the price they are
willing to pay (League of Women Voters, 1992).
Special districts are not state government. They are accountable to the voters. State government
does look over financial reports and requires state law be followed for public meetings, bonded
debt, record keeping and elections. They provide public services and infrastructure that help
communities but not direct economic development (CSDA, n.d.).
Intergovernmental Cooperation
The local government must work within the state and

San Francisco History
California is home to seven of the fifty largest cities in the U.S. by population and rank. Of these
seven, I will discuss one of my favorite cities in the world San Francisco, California. San Francisco
is the thirteenth largest city in the U.S. but only coming in as the fourth largest in California after
Los Angeles, San Diego and San Jose. As of July 2014 the population estimate was a little over
850,000 for San Francisco. (Infoplease) San Francisco is a city rich in history, lust and disaster most
of which is detailed below. San Francisco is a city rich in history and culture. Founded in 1776 after
being void of Europeans until 1775 when the Spanish finally ventured north of Southern California.
(Pederson) Led by Gasper de Portola on an ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For 74 days the Army patrolled the cities and what made this so odd was that martial law was never
declared. The Army also took the initiative to re–establish communication networks and handled the
distribution of food and supplies. The committee ended up controlling local funds, including the 10
million in donations. Under the committee land use was controlled, business licensing, zoning and
building trade rules were regulated. The speedy redevelopment was made possible by these two
public sector developments allowing a thriving private market in a city under reconstruction.

Sullivan's Impact : Community Impact
Community Impact
All tax paying citizens want to see their tax dollars being frugally spent, and not wasted, by elected
officials. Through consolidation, the community will see officials making a long term, financial
investment in the community. While the overall goal of consolidation is not just to save money, it is
an added benefit. Small towns have a difficult time sustaining their status quo growth with budget
cuts that severely affect them. A small five percent reduction in the overall budget can mean loss of
jobs in a small town with a small budget. Through consolidation and several media blasts, the City
of Sullivan will show their residents the importance of being frugal stewards of taxpayers' dollars.
The long term financial ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The City and County of Sullivan both have over 93 percent white population (US Census Bureau,
2013). The creation of a PSO will bring candidates from outside of small towns, advancing diversity
and inclusion. The City of Sullivan has the potential to create economic growth through population
growth via consolidation of its police and fire departments. The publicity will be far reaching due to
only one other city in Indiana that has consolidated its police and fire department. Essentially, the
City of Sullivan would receive more media coverage because police and fire consolidation is an
anomaly in Indiana compared to if the consolidation happened in a state to the north in Michigan,
where it's the norm. With a media blast, the reach could be picked up nationally, or by researchers at
Michigan State University who have the ability to publicize the City of Sullivan even more to a
global level. This media push will likely bring in more applicants than the city has ever seen before
for an opening. A successful implementation of the merger and documentation can bring in officials
from other communities wanting to learn from the City of Sullivan's consolidation. Candidates
traveling into the City of Sullivan for interviews and community officials for meetings, would bring
in hotel and food associated costs, helping the local economy.
By

Roanoke River And The South Carolina State Line
Richmond County is located in East Central Georgia bordering the Savannah River and the South
Carolina state line. Richmond County contains three (3) incorporated cities: Augusta (the second
largest city of Georgia), Hephzibah, and Blythe. The city of Augusta had consolidated governments
with Richmond County in 1995, and the new entity is known as Augusta–Richmond County, or
simply Augusta (Montgomery, 2014).
According to the US Census 2015, Richmond County is home of 201,793 people, and 87,612
households. The population per square mile was 618.4 (State of Georgia of 168.4 and the nation of
87.4). The racial makeup consisted 55.6% Black or African American, 39.2% White, 4.8% Hispanic
or Latino, 1.8% Asian, 0.3% other Pacific Islanders, 0.4% American Indian, and 2.7% from two or
more race. Of 201,793 people, 7.2% were below five (5) years of age, 23.5% were below eighteen
(18) years of age, and 12.9% were sixty–five (65) years of age and over. 51.5% population of
Richmond County were female. Approximately to 16.3% of those aged twenty–five (25) and older
in Richmond County have less than high school education (15.0% for Georgia, and 13.7% for the
nation). The median household income for the county was $37, 704 ($49,342 for Georgia and
$53,482 for the nation). The Per Capita income for Richmond County was $20,549 ($25,427 for
Georgia, and $28,555 for the nation). 26% of Richmond County residents were in poverty (18.3%
for Georgia, and 14.8% for the nation). 16.9% of

What Are The Pros And Cons Of Court Unification
Mallard, BriAndra M. February 16, 2016 Court Unification Court unification is synonymous with
court reform and is considered the prescription for modernizing the court system. The basic
elements involved in court unification include: centralized management, merit selection, centralized
rulemaking, defined jurisdiction, and state level financing. These elements are considered some of
the pros in court unification and broken down further below. Pros: 1.) Simplified court structure:
There is this need for a simple, uniform court structure that has been constantly stressed by court
reformers. Particularly the multiplicity of specialized courts would be consolidated eliminating
variations among counties. By simplifying the court structure, there ... Show more content on
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7.) Economic Development Edge: Unification could lead to the jurisdiction reacting more quickly
and being able to provide better resources. Just like there are pros associated with consolidation,
there also represents cons to unifying the court system. These cons are broken down further below.
Cons: 1.) Changes in structure: The government is use to operating within a certain structure and
with unification will come changes in structure for both the county and city governments. Under
consolidation there will be fewer elected officials than normal along with an elected executive. This
hybrid could bring about difficulties for both jurisdictions. 2.) Distribution and Control of
Resources: New entity would become divided into an urban services district and a general services
district. This would cause city residents to lose control over how their money is spent. 3.) Reduction
of Service Considerations: Under a consolidated government, there could be a reduction in service
for city residents. 4.) Decision–Making Difficulties: Decision making would change and become
harder with everything unified making the decisions having to fit one court

Johnstown Quadrangle Essay
The Johnstown quadrangle is located in southwest–central Pennsylvania, lying mostly in Cambria
County but also small parts of Somerset, Westmoreland, and Indiana counties. Most of the
quadrangle includes the valley of Conemaugh River and its tributaries, Little Conemaugh River and
Stony Creek, where they run together in the city of Johnstown and its suburbs. The surface rocks of
the Johnstown quadrangle are of sedimentary origin – deposited in or by water – and consist of
sandstone, shale, limestone, coal, iron ore, gravel, etc (Phalen 3). Altogether, the deposits have a
total thickness of 3100 to 3200 feet.
The latest rocks in this region were formed in Pleistocene time as imperfectly consolidated gravel of
river terraces and alluvial deposits of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The quadrangle is considered to be a part of the Allegheny Plateau, so the rocks in this region are
mostly of Carboniferous age. Carboniferous rocks are subdivided into two series: the Pennsylvanian
and Mississippian. The rocks of both series mainly consist of alternating beds of shale and
sandstone, but Mississippian rocks on southern parts of the plateau include thick limestones (Phalen
1). Both series are represented in the Johnstown quadrangle. The Pennsylvanian series, however,
covers most of the region, while Mississippian rocks appear only at the surface along deeply eroded
anticlines.
Below these Carboniferous rocks, Devonian rocks are also exposed. These rocks can be found along
the northern edge and southeastern margin of the plateau, where strata is nearly vertical. These two
geologic systems have also been subdivided into numerous formations categorized according to
their lithologic aspect and the fossil fauna and flora which they

The Property Assessment System
October, 2016 A Response to the Lake County Illinois Study on the Centralization of the Property
Assessment System Prepared by the Lake County Township Assessors This report is intended for
informational purposes only. This report is not an endorsement of any alternative form of
assessment administration in Lake County. This report is also not intended to identify every
operational detail of the options described within. Any move to implement or further explore
options will require additional research. Introduction Lake County conducted an in–house study
from March, 2014 to April, 2015 on the centralization of the property assessment system in Lake
County Illinois. The sole recommendation of Lake County was to eliminate local Township
Assessors and consolidate all assessment functions to Lake County. They proposed moving from the
current system of 18 locally elected Township Assessors with an appointed CCAO, to a centralized
system of one appointed county assessor who controlled the whole assessment process. The study
estimated that this centralized assessment process would result in a reduction of $4.4 million dollars
in overall county–wide costs. This reduction in costs would eliminate the 18 local assessment
offices spread throughout Lake County and only provided for one assessment office in Waukegan.
The initial study by Lake County contained factual errors, an underrepresentation of the personnel
required and acknowledged that taxpayer access would

The City Of Dallas Housing Development Program Evaluation
In looking at the City of Dallas Affordable Housing Programs, the focus of this report will be in the
form of a two–part series. The first part will be a program evaluation that examines the quantitative
numbers or measurable objectives, goals, & achievements as established by the City of Dallas
Community Development & Housing Department over a five–year consolidated plan period; and
the second part will be a program analysis that seeks to take this quantified data of the program
evaluation and really measure how effective these Dallas housing programs have been in not only
achieving pre–determined objectives and goals but in changing low–income area housing buying
trends; through creating more housing choices for low–to–moderate income families; in bringing
about more mixed–income neighborhoods; improving infill affordable housing development
opportunities; thru providing financial and training opportunities of minority businesses; etc.
Introduction
City of Dallas Housing Development Program and Infill Evaluation
(Current Snapshot 2008/9 – 2013/14)
The program evaluation of the City of Dallas Housing Development programs will consist of a five–
year review (2008/9 – 2013/14) of quantitative data available through public records of Dallas'
General Funds, HUD Consolidated Annual Performance and Evaluation Reports (CAPER), HUD
Annual Action Plans, etc. The program evaluation for the purpose of this snapshot, will factor those
programs or activities that will effect

Essay On Texas State Government
Today we will be discussing the structure and a few roles of the Texas state government, the purpose
and function of each type of local government, describing how some states have consolidated the
county and city functions into a single entity, and my opinion on whether or not Texas would be
better maintaining its several distinct types or consolidating them into a single larger entity.
The commissioner's court has several roles such as taxes, discretion in administering state programs,
determine how much state funding is provided to each special area (medical, supplemental food,
etc.), upkeep and new county jails, all while providing health and safety programs to citizens in
rural areas. In addition to those duties aforementioned, they also have more authority in ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This system works because the mayor realizes the need for managerial assistance. The city manager
reports only to the mayor while focusing on policy implementation and budgeting. This allows the
mayor to focus on addressing and working for a solution for major problems within the city. The
Commission form allows for the elected commissioners to form a board of administrative
individuals that oversee specific departments. They tend to favor their department the most instead
of public interest. They also fall into the easily corrupt and don't have specific areas of
responsibility. General–Law Cities are usually under a population of 5,000 or cities that have not
adopted the home–rule style of government. With the state limiting the size of council, they also
specify duties of the mayor, municipal officials, and emplacing additional boundaries on matters
that home–rule can determine themselves. A downfall to this style of leadership is that with the
small size getting someone with knowledge to come in and effectively manage the city and its

Edison Business Model
Consolidated Edison is one of the largest investor–owned energy companies in United States with
over $120 billion in annual revenues and $40 billion in assets. The firm is located in New York and
focuses their operations in electric, gas and steam activities. It is estimated that the company
provides electricity to approximately 3.3 million costumers and offers gas services to other 1.1
million costumers in New York City and Winchester County. The business model of Con Edison,
Inc is divided into three main areas. Con Edison Solutions sells electricity and offers energy–related
services directly to costumers in the Northeast and Mid–Atlantic regions. Con Edison Development
develops, constructs, owns and operates renewable energy projects across the U.S. At the end of
2014, the firm had 446 MW of solar and wind projects in operation. Lastly, the third area of
Consolidated Edison provides support to the main area of business. Con Edison Energy focuses on
generating electric energy, fuel and capacity for Con Edison Solutions. According to the firm's
website, "Con Edison's strategy is to deliver reliable energy services and provide a stable foundation
for supporting New York's economy." The company believes that their Integrated Long Range Plan
along with their Sustainability Strategy will work together to add value to the stakeholders. John
McAvoy, chairman and CEO of Consolidated Edison, Inc shares the view that the energy landscape
is changing and Con Edison is committed in

Texas County Government System
During the early days of the Texas government system, many districts were divided into counties
and cities. In those two entities, there are general–purpose local governments and special–purpose
governments, each with their own regions and responsibilities.
Because of the size of Texas, many rural areas rely on the local county government to conduct
political business. Texas has the largest number of counties compared to all the other states; 254 in
total. Before vehicles, many Texans had to travel to the capital to conduct state business. Therefore,
it was important to establish some form of "local" government system for the people who lived
further from the city to be able to have access to the government. Even today, many county courts
conduct ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This can cause two different effects for the various positions within the government; it allows
normal citizens to contribute and possibly be rewarded with a job within the local government
(pluralism), or it allows unqualified people to attain jobs based on who they know or how much they
gave during the campaign (elitism).
The city government is like the county government in the respects that it has a municipal "home–
rule" form of government to allow cities whose populations are over 5,000 to develop their own
charter. They also have "extraterritorial jurisdiction" and "annexation" forms of government. These
last two forms of government allow cities to control development and other aspects of things
beyond their city limits.
Many municipals (self–governed cities) are divided into three separate types of governments:
Mayor–Council, Commission, and Council–Manager. The Council–Manager form is generally used
in larger cities and consists of a council of five to fifteen members, elected by districts, and a mayor
who is elected by the council and is responsible for multiple "city managers" to implement the
various policies.
The Mayor–Council form is of similar structure to the Council–Manager form except

Public Health System Assessment
Local Public Health System Assessment (LPHSA) is used to identify the components, capacities,
activities, and competencies of local public health system in the community and how does the LPHS
provide the ten essential public health services to the community.
The National Public Health Performance Standards is the assessment instrument for the local public
health system (NACCHO, 2016).
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Office of State, Tribal, Local and Territorial
Support are providing funds for LPHSA.
The LPHSA sub–committee members are Chicago Public Health Department staff, Chicago
governing entity, other governmental entities, Chicago Public Schools, Rush University,
Northwestern University, Chicago Police Department, Rush University ... Show more content on
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There will be an orientation session, all the participants should attend it, then the participants should
be divided into five groups, and each group will work on two assigned essential public health
services, the participants will discuss all the questions and they will vote only on the stem questions
due to time limitations, the facilitator will score the sub–questions later depending on the group
discussion (ASTHO, n.d.).
Also, the participants need to share their feedback on the following questions:
– What are the strength of Chicago Public Health System?
– What are the growth areas of the system?
– What are the available opportunities for immediate implementation?
– What are the priority areas that need improvement?
After the meeting, the scores need to be entered into the NPHPSP website to get the results
(Chicago Plan for Public Health System Improvement 2012–2016,

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