2. Restoration
Charles II as child
1658 Cromwell dies -
son fails
General Monck enforces
new elections
New Parliament
divided, asks Charles
II to return and rule
if he promises amnesty
for most war leaders
3. Charles as King
Had a dozen illegitimate children
with seven mistresses
“Restless he rolls from whore to
whore, a merry monarch -
scandalous and poor.”
Patron on arts and sciences,
architect Sir Christopher Wren,
the Royal Hospital in Chelsea, the
Royal Society and the Royal
Observatory at Greenwich
Authorized British East India
Company and Hudson’s Bay Company
to amass wealth and territory
5. Great Fire of 1666
Destroyed more
than 13,000 houses
and 87 churches
Charles and his
younger brother
James, Duke of
York, helped fight
the fire
Casualties remain
unknown
7. Religious
Restrictions
Throughout the 1660s and 1670s, Parliament passed
laws repealing Puritan restrictions and banning them
from office
The Scots rebelled and many signed the Presbyterian
Covenant, becoming Covenanteers
Catholics also suffered from new restrictions in
1670s and 1680s as James increasingly appeared to be
the only heir to the throne
The laws were collectively known as the Clarendon
Code
8. James, Duke of York and
Albany
Married and had two Protestant
daughters, Mary and Anne
Served in French and Spanish armies
while in exile
Captured New Netherlands in 1664,
colony and city renamed for him, as
well as Dutch Ft. George, which became
Albany
Converted in 1668 to Catholicism
(publicly divulged in 1673 when he
resigned as Lord High Admiral rather
than take anti-Catholic Oath in Test
Act of 1673 )
9. Political Parties
Tories were Church of England, pro-King and
generally aristocrats
Tory originally meant an Irish anti-Cromwell
outlaw
Whigs were frequently dissenters, pro-
Parliament and generally upper-middle class
Whig originally meant a Scottish Presbyterian
rebel against James, Duke of York
10. Charles’ Foreign Policy
and Wars
Strapped for cash so sold Calais to King
Louis
Fought the Dutch in naval wars
Took a large bribe in the Treaty of
Dover, 1670 to join Louis in a war
against the Dutch and convert to
Catholicism
Converted on his deathbed in 1685
11. King James II
Immediately defeated
two rebellions, one
from his illegi-
timate nephew,
James, Duke of
Monmouth the other
from the Earl of
Argyll
Executed both to the
horror of many
moderates
12. James became paranoid
and ultra-Catholic
Fired Whigs and Tories
and replaced them with
Catholics
Founded Jesuit schools
and re-established
relations with Pope
Enlarged his standing
army
Dismissed Parliament
