7. The II Republic

1. II Spanish Republic
The road to the Spanish Civil War

2. Dinámica Histórica
Gobierno
Provisional

3. Provisional Government 1931
• The Pact of San Sebastián (republican leftist parties united)
• Niceto Alcalá Zamora, moderate republican, Prime Minister
• New constitution

4. Discussions on the new
Constitution

5. Reform of the Army (Retirement)
Minister: Manuel Azaña

6. Social & Political reform
Minister: Largo Caballero

7. Progressive Government 1931-1933
President: Niceto Alcalá Zamora
Prime Minister: Manuel Azaña
center-left government

8. Work reform
Minister: Largo Caballero

9. Autonomic reform
Catalonia 1932
Basque Country and Galicia in process (it never happened
because of a change in the government)

10. Agrarian reform, 1932
Land was in the hands of a few big, aristocratic owners
Some of those lands were not being worked
The new law took some of those lands to give them to peasants

11. Failed Coup d’Etat
General Sanjurjo, 1932
Conservatives and monarchists in the Army
General Sanjurjo sentenced to dead but absolved by the next
government (1933)

12. Casas Viejas, Cádiz enero 1933
Anarchist peasants
Angry because the reforms were too slow
Attack the land
Repression: 23 dead
Scandal: Government resignation

13. Conservative Government 1933-1936
Presidente: Niceto Alcalá Zamora
Prime Minister: Alejandro Lerroux
Parties:
Partido Radical: Alejandro Lerroux
CEDA (Confederación de Derechas Autónomas): Gil-
Robles

14. Counter-reforms

15. Asturias Revolution
A miners revolt
The Government sent general Francisco Franco with troops from the
African Army
1000 dead and 2000 wounded. 30,000 socialists in jail (PSOE y UGT).
300 dead and 800 wounded among the soldiers and police

16. Revolt in Barcelona
President of the Catalonian autonomic government Lluís Companys declares the
independence of the Catalonian State
Repression, jail
End of the Catalonian Autonomy

17. The Popular Front 1936 - 1939
Left parties (except PSOE)
Presidente: Manuel Azaña
1939: Diego Martínez Barrio

18. Political Radicalization
Movilization, militarization and confrontation on the streets
FAI / CNT
Falange Española, JONS
The Popular Front 1936 - 1939

19. The spark…
July 12 1936, Liutenant Castillo, a leftist, is killed by gunmen from the
right
July 13 Calvo Sotelo, a right wing politician, is killed by leftist gunmen