1. Special thanks to :Jolly sushma

2. water
ocean
Africa
Australia
Java
Java Trench

4. [8]
Persian Gulf
Red Sea
[9]
Island
nations
Madagascar
world's fourth largest
island Comoros Seychelles Maldives Mauritius
Sri Lanka
Indonesia

5. Gondwana

6. Rodrigues Triple Point
mid-oceanic ridge
shelf
Mumbai India
Diamantina Deep
plates
continental
Diamantina Trench
Sunda Trench
[10]
50° south latitude
pelagic
globigerina ooze
terrigenous

8. monsoon
equator
Bay of Bengal

9. 

The Indian Ocean provides major sea routes
connecting the Middle East, Africa, and East
Asia with Europe and the Americas. It carries a
particularly heavy traffic of petroleum and petroleum
products from the oil fields of the Persian
Gulf and Indonesia. Large reserves of hydrocarbons
are being tapped in the offshore areas of Saudi
Arabia, Iran, India, and Western Australia. An
estimated 40% of the world's offshore oil production
comes from the Indian Ocean.[12] Beach sands rich in
heavy minerals, and offshore placer deposits are
actively exploited by bordering countries,
particularly India, Pakistan,South Africa, Indonesia, Sri
Lanka, and Thailand.
Due to the relatively high traffic of petroleum
tankers, piracy off the Somali coast has been rising.
This has been a threat to international shipping since
the second phase of the Somali Civil War in the early
21st century.

10. 


The warmth of the Indian Ocean
keeps phytoplankton production low, except
along the northern fringe and in a few
scattered spots elsewhere; life in the ocean is
thus limited. Fishing is confined to
subsistence levels, because its fish are of
great and growing importance to the
bordering countries for domestic consumption
and export. Fishing fleets
from Russia, Japan, South Korea,
and Taiwan also exploit the Indian Ocean,
mainly for shrimp and tuna.
Endangered marine species include
the dugong, seals, turtles, and whales.
Plastic pollution threatens the eastern coast
of Mozambique Channel

11. 
The economically important Silk
Road (red) and spicetrade routes (blue)
were blocked by the Ottoman Empire in
ca. 1453 with the fall of the Byzantine
Empire. This spurred exploration, and a
new sea route around Africa was
found, triggering the Age of Discovery.

13. 

Culture and literature[edit]
The Indian Ocean is known
as Ratnakara in the
ancient Sanskrit literature. Ratnakara
means "the mine of gems". It's also
called Hind Mahasagar in Hindi and other
Indian languages.