5021 5025.output

* GB785428 (A)
Description: GB785428 (A) ? 1957-10-30
Improvements in or relating to ground working implements
Description of GB785428 (A)
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Improvements in or relating to Ground Working Implements 1, ; BORGHILD
HART~NS DETHLE : FSENO 0 : X
Abildgaardens Frugtplantager, Bistrup pr. Birkerod, Denmark, of Danish
Nationality, do hereby declare the invention, for which I pray that a
patent may be granted to me, and the method by which it is to be
performed, to be particularly described in and by the following
statement :-
This invention relates to a ground working implement of the kind
consisting of a rotatable drum or cylinder journalled in a frame
wholly or partly enclosing the evlinder and having cutting members
consisting of generally flat knives with straight knife edges placed
in rows along the exterior surface of the drum or cylinder.
When working the ground in plantation or woodland it is of
considerable significance both economically and operationally to be
able to carry out the following jobs in one working process :
(1) clearing undesirable plant growths,
(2) pulverising weeds, fallen twigs and branches and smaller root
growths,
i3) loosening and working the soil, and
(4) mixinfr the soil with the pulverised lant growths and twig and
branch waste.
It has not been possible to carry out all these tasks in a
satisfactory manner with the aid of anv of the known ground working
implements, such as cultivators, knifeblade cylinders with
knife-blades parallel to the axis and disc-harrows.
Some of these known implements, e. g., knife-blade cylinders with
knife-blades parallel to the axis, are well suited to the
pulverisation of hard plant parts, e. g., branches and roots, but do
not give any satisfactory working of the soil, while others, such as

cultivators, horse-hoes and harrows, give a satisfactory ground
working but are unable to crush or pulverise the harder parts. In
practice, therefore, it has been necessary to use several different
implements and so carry out the work in several different stages,
which is uneconomic and time consuming.
According to the present invention the problem is solved by the
provision of a 'ground working implement of the kind above referred
to, wherein the knives are arranged in rows parallel to the axis of
the cylinder, the knives in one row being placed opposite gaps between
the knives in a neighbouring row, and eaeh of the knives being set at
an acute angle to the axis of the cylinder and being so mounted on the
cylinder that one end of the knifeedge is at a greater distance from
the surface of the cylinder than the other end.
This construction achieves the result that the rotating knives operate
in an effective manner both as cutting and pulverising members and as
ground working members which, in the course of the rotary movement of
the cylinder, cut up, pulverise and turn the ground. The oblique
setting of the knives in relation to the axis of generation of the
cylinder and their placing with inclination alternately to the one
side and the other have the effect that branches and twigs which come
under the cylinder are always certain to be completely pulverised, as
at least one and genelgally several knives will strike the branch or
twig transversely. The slope of the knife edge in relation to the
surface of the cylinder, so that the one end of the knife edge always
lies farther from the surface than the other-i. e., so that the knife
edge forms an angle with the tangent at the mid-point of the knife to
the curve of intersection between the plane of the knife and the
surface of the cylinder-has the effect that the knife works both as
hoe and ploughshare, in that the upper sharp corner first bores down
into the ground and loosens it, whereafter the remaining part of the
knife edge follows after and pulverises and turns the loosened ground.
This combine hoeing and shearing effeet has likewise significance for
the destruction of roots or tree stumps.
In practice, the weight and dimensions of the eylinder also play a
part in the eftectiveness of the ground working, and it has been shown
that in practice a particularly effective ground working is obtained
by the use of a conerete-filled eylinder, the length of which is
approximately four times the diameter.
The knives, which in practice are preferably constructed of heavy
steel plate, are exposed to very powerful mechanical action. They must
therefore be fastened so solidly that they can withstand these
actions, and yet so that thev can be easily removed for grinding or
repair.
According to a subsidiary feature of this invention, this is achieved

by each of the knives being detachably fastened to holders-projecting
frorn the surface of the cylinder, these holders being carried through
the surface of the cylinder and anchored in a mass filling the
interior of same, e. g., a mass of concret.
In the preferred form of the invention each knife is fastened to two
holders having nat supporting surfaces for one side of the knife, and
one of these holders is placed radially in relation to the cylinder,
and in such a manner that its fiat supporting surface forms an acute
angle with the axis of generation of the cylinder, while the other
holder is placed parallel to the first and forms an acute angle with a
radius of the cylinder that passes through the point where the knife
is fastened to the holder.
One form of construction according to the invention is shown in the
accompany ing drawing in which :-
Fi ?. 1 shows a knife-blade cylinder coupled to a tractor, seen from
beliiud az d in perspective,
Fig. 2 shows the attachment of a knife to the surface of the cylinder,
seen in section taken parallel to the plane of the knife, and Fig. 3
shows the placing of a pair ot knife holders on the surface of the
cylindrer, seen in perspective.
In the form of construction shown on the drawing, 1 stands for a
cylinder with opposite incline knives 2ce, 2b. 2c, Sd, 2e and 2f,
placed in alternate rows, the cylinder being journalled at the ends in
a frame 4 surrounding the cylinder, the frame being coupled to a
tractor 5.
As shown in Fig. 2, eaeh knife 2 is detachably fastened to holders 3,
a'projecting from the cylindrer 1, the holders being carried through
the surface of the cylinder and anchored in a concrete mass la with
which the interior oi the cyhnder is filled. The knife 2, which is
flat and of rectangular shape, is so placed that it forms an angle s
with the tangent at a point mid-way between the ends of the knife to
the curve formed bytheinter- section between the surface of the
cylinder and the plane of the knife, this curve being an ellipse. One
end of the knife edge thus comes to lie farther from the surface oi
the cylinder than the other end.
As shown in Fig. 3, eaeh of the two knife holders 3 and 3'has a flat
supporting surface for one face of the knife. The holder 3 is placed
radially in relation to the cylinder and in sueh a way that its flat
supporting surface forms an aeute angle y with the axis of generation
of the cylinder. The other holder 3'is displaced in relation to the
axis of the cylinder and forms an aeute angle x with the radius of the
cylindrer through the attachment point for the knife on this holder.
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* GB785429 (A)
Description: GB785429 (A) ? 1957-10-30
Plant for recovering vaporisation and condensation products, sublimates,
dusts and the like, from the outgoing air of furnace rooms in aluminium
electrolysis
PATENT SPECIFICATION
785,429 K A Date of Application and filing Complete I Specification:
June 29, 1956 No 20277/56.
Application made in Germany on July 19, 1955.
Complete Specification Published: Oct 30, 1957.
Index at acceptance:-Cliass 8 ( 2), A 2 (A:E).
International Classification:-BO Lk COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Plant for Recovering Vaporisation and Condensation Products,
Sublimates, Dusts and the like, from the Outgoing Air of Furnace Rooms
in Aluminium Electrolysis We, VEREINIGTE ALUMINIUM-WERKE
AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT, a Body Corporate organised under the Laws of
Germany, of Am Nordbahnhof, Bonn-on-the-Rhine, Germany, do hereby
declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted
to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be
particularly described in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to plant for recovering vaporisation and
condensation products, sublimates, dusts and the like, from the
outgoing air of furnace rooms in aluminium electrolysis.
In the production of aluminium by fusion electrolysis in so-called
open furnaces, the accompanying generation of vaporisation and
condensation products, sublimates, dusts and the like is a
considerable annoyance to people engaged in the manufacture Moreover,

substances are thus lost which it is desirable should not be lost
owing to their value.
The factory rooms contain a large number of furnaces connected in
series The large number of furnaces is necessary because the output of
the individual furnaces is only a few hundred kilogrammes per diem The
furnaces are hot and the electrolyte in the furnace is maintained at a
temperature of about 1000 C The losses occurring as a result of
vaporisation or evolution of dust in the operation of these furnaces
affect the continually supplied chemicals such as alumina, cryolite
and so on With these it is a question of vaporisation and condensation
products, sublimates, dusts and the like which condense very rapidly
directly above the furnace and fall down again.
A conventional recovery installation for these furnaces would be too
expensive and would not be in proportion to the advantages to be
obtained, particularly since furnace operation would be rendered
difficult and obstructed by such an installation.
lPrice 3/61 The present invention aims at obviating the aforesaid
difficulties and at enabling at least part of the otherwise lost
substances to be recovered by simple and relatively inexpensive
measures 5 s To this end, according to the invention, in the first
place the factory rooms are so built that the openings for the
admission of fresh air are disposed in the walls of the workroom near
the floor thereof, as close to the ground 55 as possible The outlet
apertures for the outgoing air are located in the roof By virtue of
this arrangement the volume of air is moved naturally and uniformly
and the outgoing air is constrained to pass through con 60 densers,
baffle surfaces and dust traps It is advisable to make the fresh air
apertures adjustable in the points of every wind direction and the
outgoing air apertures if desired additionally, for example by means
of rota 65 table, automatically adjusting cowls known per se By these
means the current of air in the rooms always moves in such manner that
the air enters through the fresh air apertures and leaves through the
outgoing air aper 70 tures, passing through the condensers and dust
traps A large part of the entrained valuable substances are then
retained in said traps.
Equipping the factory rooms with the re 75 quired apertures for the
admission of fresh air and the emission of outgoing air is usually
already practicable For the correct and advantageous application of
the present invention however it is necessary that account 80 should
be taken of the installation of the condensers and dust traps in the
outgoing air apertures; with dust traps of the cyclone type it is
advantageous for example to construct the outgoing air apertures as
individual 85 apertures distributed over the roof of the workroom in
the longitudinal direction of the latter The fresh air inlets, for

which the door and window openings are of course usually used, are
also to be disposed in the 90 785,429 walls of the workroom near the
floor thereof, on the one hand for the purpose of avoiding an undue
volume of air moving through the room and on the other hand for the
purpose of utilising as large a part as possible of the fresh air, to
transport the vapours and dusts.
In addition the constrained movement of the air in the workroom from
the fresh air inlets to the outgoing air apertures, allowance for the
various wind directions and strengths is particularly important It is
necessary to provide apertures for fresh air from all directions and
to open in each case only those on which the wind acts and, in the
case of a relatively strong wind, to throttle even these by partially
closing them, in order to keep the volume of air moving through the
workroom as uniform as possible This requires easily operated
regulating means for these fresh air admission apertures In the case
of the outgoing air apertures, this possibility of regulating the
amount of air flowing through is not so important as in the fresh air
apertures, but can complement the latter.
In an installation for the electrolytic manufacture of aluminium in
open furnaces, the hot furnaces maintain a continual strong vertical
current of air in the workroom, which greatly assists the air motion
required in accordance with the invention Nevertheless, it is
advantageous to provide the outgoing air apertures at their outlet
points with known rotatable cowls which are turned into the correct
position by the wind, and which increase the draught and prevent a
reversal of the direction of flow.
The condensers are disposed directly above the furnaces in the
vertical current of heat, namely as low as possible, while their
lowest point should lie above the area covered by any cranes provided
By means of their relatively cold surface the condensers act upon the
vapours contained in the passing current of outgoing air Baffle
surfaces can also be disposed in the immediate vicinity of the furnace
For the dust traps, it is possible for example to use dust separation
methods taking advantage of the centrifugal force of the dust
particles in flowing air deflected by constraint from the straight
direction.
In order to enable the invention to be more readily understood,
reference is made to the accompanying drawings which illustrate
diagrammatically and by way of example, two embodiments thereof and in
which:Fitg 1 is a plan view of a condenser; Fig la is a vertical
section along the line A-A of Fig 1; Fig 2 is a vertical section of a
dust trap; and Fig 2 a is a transverse section along the line B-B of
Fig 2.
The condenser illustrated in Figs 1 and la comprises a tube 1, bent

horizontally in ziga 5 zag form; its outer dimensions correspond
approximately to the surface area of the furnace The condenser is
suspended above the furnaces by wire ropes 2, and water from the water
main, the pressure of which is reduced to about 0 1 to 0 2 atmospheres
giauge, 70 flows through it To this end the condenser is connected by
means of hoses to the supply pipe 3 and the discharge pipe 4 The
connections can be shut off as required by means of valves 5 Beneath
the water pipes are dis 75 posed troughs 6 which are adapted to
receive the substances condensing or subliming on the pipes The waste
water is utilised for useful purposes such as for example sanitary
installations The condensers are regularly 50 changed over and the
separated substances removed therefrom.
In the dust trap shown in Figs 2 and 2 a, the outgoing air pipe 8 is
mounted on the roof 7 of a factory shop and passes through 85 the roof
Beneath the outgoing air pipe 8 hangs the cyclone 9 with the outgoin
air admission aperture 10, which leads the outgoing air tangentially
into the separating chamber 11, where the dust is separated by 90 the
action of centrifugal force and collects in the collecting chamber 12,
whence it is removed as required in the usual manner, for example by a
downcomer to the floor of the work shop The outgoing air pipe 8 is pro
95 vided, above the roof, with a cowl 13, which is turned by the wind
into the most favourable position at any time and promotes the
movements of the outgoing air out of the shop.
A rain trap 14, which prevents rain from 100 penetrating into the
apparatus, is also mounted above the roof 7 in the outgoing air pipe
8.
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* GB785430 (A)
Description: GB785430 (A) ? 1957-10-30
Air-spaced electric cables

Inventors: AUBREY DOUGLAS LIDDERDALE and MARCEL KARL JOSEPHNEMENYI
Date of Application and filing Complete Specification April 7,1955.
No 2648/57.
(Divided out of No 777,340).
Complete Specification Published Oct 30, 1957.
Index at Acceptance: -Class 36, A 3 G.
International Classification: -H Oib.
Air-Spaced Electric Cables We, TELEGRAPH CONSTUCTION AND MAINTENANCE
COMPANY LIMITED, a Company organised under the laws of Great Britain,
of Mercury House, Theobald's Road, London, W C 1, do hereby declare
the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us,
and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly
described in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to co-axial air-spaced electric cables suitable
for submarine use, in particular to such cable comprising dielectric
elements adapted to strengthen the cable against external hydrostatic
pressure.
Air-spaced co-axial cables owe their usefulness to the fact that air
is an ideal dielectric material between the inner and outer
conductors, and a prime object in development work on such cables for
land use has been to reduce to a minimum the bulk of the solid
dielectric material which must necessarily be used to support the two
conductors in spaced relationship.
As a result, there have been developed for land line use co-axial
cables consisting essentially of an inner copper conductor supported
inside an aluminium tube, which functions as the outer conductor, by
means of spaced discs or a helical membrane of a dielectric material
such as polyethylene.
In Specification No 733,178 it has been proposed to simplify the
desitn of submarine cables by using a similar air-spaced co-axial
construction in which the outer tube is made of a lightweight metal
alloy having such strength and anti-corrosive characteristics as to be
capable of withstanding conditions on the sea bed without having to be
encased in the conventional armouring of heavy steel wires.
There have been numerous attempts to design co-axial cable for
submarine use which possesses sufficient strength to support the
hydrostatic pressures encountered at ocean depths and at the same time
retains the degree of flexibility required to enable it to be wound

and unwound in manufacture and laying.
It has been proposed to support the outer conductor by means of a
continuous thin walled tube built up of thimble elements in the form
of a cylinder having an end wall or walls, the latter being slotted
radially to enable them to be applied laterally to the inner conductor
In our prior Specification No 622,247 there are described split
one-piece tubular elements or co-operating channel components these
being supported on the inner conductor by spacing discs placed at
each, the discs having interlocking engagement therewith Such
construction gives rise to certain manufacturing difficulties
especially in the assembly of the cable and it is the object of this
invention to provide a tubular inulation having spacing elements to
support the outer conductor.
According to the present invention an airspaced co-axial cable
suitable for submarine use comprises an inner conductor or core and an
outer conductor and solid insulation including cylindrical spacer
elements of uniform section arranged in end to end engagement with
spacing discs, said discs being centred on the inner conductor and
forming with the spacer elements an articulated tubular construction
to support a tubular outer conductor.
In order to impart flexibility to the cable without detracting
substantially from the load supporting characteristics of the spacer
elements, circumferential slots may be cut in the cylindrical wall of
the spacer elements so that they are capable of being bent to a
limited degree.
Alternatively the ends of the spacer elements when formed of
polystyrene may be separated by spacing discs of a relatively
resilient nature, so that the lining is in effect articulated.
The spacing discs may be of a resilient material such as rubber,
either natural or synthetic, of suitable electrical properties
Alternatively a less resilient material such as polyethylene may be
used in which case the peripheral portions of the spacing discs are so
shaped or constructed as to be of a resilient nature For example the
peripheral part of the a 785,430 disc may he grooved or may be hollow
to impart increased flexibility.
The spacing discs are required to be resilient so that relative
movement of the ends of the spacer elements in contact with them can
occur when the cable is bent In this way, although the spacer elements
separately are of high compressive strength, the tubular support
lining so formed as a whole is articulated thus permitting bending of
the cable.
In this type of cable construction the function of the spacing discs
is primarily to locate the inner conductor in the outer conductor and
to provide a resilient layer between the ends of is the spacer

elements They are not intended to support the walls of the outer
conductor to any marked degree, this function being performed by the
spacer elements.
The spacing discs, which have a central hole through which the inner
conductor is passed, may be planar and are notched or slit so that
they may be readily fitted onto the conductor.
Alternatively the discs may, before fitting to the cable, be planar
with a sector cut out so that when the outer conductor is applied the
disc is distorted into a conical shape, the inner conductor passing
through the apex of the cone.
To facilitate assembly of the cable the hollow cylindrical spacer
elements may be divided longitudinally into two so that the two halves
may be fitted round the central conductor This arrangement is suitable
when the dielectric material used is a ceramic.
When the dielectric is a material such as polystyrene, polyethylene or
polytetrhafluoroethylene the spacer elements may be longitudinally
slit so that they may be fitted onto the inner conductor by springing
open the edges of the slit.
In an alternative construction suitable for use with those dielectric
materials having some degree of flexibility, the spacer element may be
formed with a longitudinal gap through which the inner conductor may
be passed, the gap being closed by squeezing the thimble element
during application of the outer conductor.
Although the materials mentioned above, namely polystyrene,
polyethylene and polytetrafluorethylene are sufficiently flexible for
the edges: of the slit spacer element to be sprung apart or together
in fitting the spacer onto the inner conductor, the spacer element
itself, when the slit is closed, forms a rigid unit for supporting Ohe
outer conductor against external pressure.
The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of a cable built up of two piece
cylindrical spacer elements; Figures 2 and 3 are detail views of a
modified construction of spacer disc; Figure 4 is an exploded
perspective view of part of a completed cable built up of
longitudinally split cylinders; Figure 5 is a sectional view of
another form of spacer disc.
Referring to Figure 1 of the drawings the 70 submarine cable comprises
a central conductor 1 of copper on which are assembled a series of two
piece cylindrical spacer elements 2, the two halves of each spacer
element having their meeting or joint faces 3 arranged in staggered 75
relation ( 90 ) to those on each side Between the ends of each spacer
element is a disc 4, in which is a slot 10 to fit the central
conductor 1 Alternatively as shown in Figures 2 and 3 the slot in the
disc is cut away as at 11 so 80 that, after assembly and on

application of the outer conductor it can be closed tightly around the
conductor 1 (see Figure 3) when it will assume a conical form.
Both the discs 4 and spacer elements 2 may 85 be of polythene, the
outer conductor consisting of a layer of copper tape 6 applied
longitudinally over the solid insulation consisting of the spacer
elements 2 and discs 4 Finally an aluminium tube 7 is positioned over
the outer 90 conductor 6.
The thickness of the wall of the hollow cylinder provided by the
element 2 will depend on the material used and the pressure it is
required to withstand However, in view of the 95 fact that the
cylindrical form is one of the most effective means of supporting the
outer conductor using the minimum amount of dielectric material the
present construction provides effective support for the outer con 100
ductor without departing too far from the general principle of keeping
the proportion of solid dielectric to air as low as possible.
The air-spaced co-axial cable shown in Figure 4 the inner conductor 1
which is of 105 solid drawn copper, carries spaced discs 12 of
polythene by which it is supported co-axially in an outer tubular
conductor.
Arranged co-axially about the central conductor with each of their
ends in contact with 110 a polythene disc are one piece thimble
elements 13 of polystyrene The spacer elements 13 are cylindrical in
shape being slotted longitudinally as at 23 and, in conjunction with
the periphery of the discs, present a substantially tubular sur 115
face for supporting a layer 14 of copper tape.
The tape is wrapped longitudinally around the tube with the edges of
the tape in contact with one another A second copper tape 15 may be
helically applied over the tape 14 Surround 120 ing the layers of
copper tape is a tube of aluminium alloy 25 which has been swaged down
into contact with the outer surface of the tape.
The cylindrical spacer elements before assembly on the cable were
slotted longitudi 125 nally as indicated at 23, the gap between the
edges of the slot 23 being sufficient to allow the inner conductor to
be passed through.
This gap is closed during the application of the copper tape and
aluminium alloy tube 130 785,430 when the edges of the slot abut as
indicated at 231 so that the spacer is then able to support the outer
conductor.
Figure 5 shows a modified form of washer having shouldered faces 14,
141 to fit into and locate the ends of adjacent spacer elements.
Whilst the invention has been described mainly with reference to
submarine signalling cables it will be understood that cables having a
wide range of electrical and mechanical characteristics can be
designed by using the supporting linings described above.

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* GB785431 (A)
Description: GB785431 (A) ? 1957-10-30
Projectiles for whaling or like purposes
Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: Jan 11, 1955.
7859431 No 798155.
Index at acceptance:-Class 9 ( 1), A 2 (K:T).
International Classification:-FO 7 f.
Projectiles for Whaling or like Purposes We, AIR WHALING LIMITED, of
202, Bishopsgate, London, E C 2, a British Company, and ALAN EDGAR
BRISTOW, of Henstridge Aerodrome, Henstridge, Templecombe, Somerset, a
British Subject, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray
that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to
be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following
statement: -
The present invention relates to missiles and has for an object to
provide an improved whaling missile adapted, upon penetration into the
body of a whale, to discharge a gas into the body The gas may be an
inert gas such as, for example, carbon dioxide which serves merely to
inflate the body to prevent it sinking, or the gas may include an
anaesthetizing gas such as, for example, nitrous oxide.
According to the invention a missile suitable for inflating whales and
other bodies includes a chamber adapted to contain a gas under

pressure, and means, including a hollow member fracturable upon
penetration of the missile into the body for discharging the gas into
the body.
Conveniently the said chamber is formed by an elongated hollow
cylinder extending lengthwise of the missile and communicating with a
bore in the penetration head of the missile the said hollow member
extending outwardly transversely of the penetration head and
communicating with the said bore at its inner end and closed at its
outer end, the said member comprising a fracturable material so that
upon penetration of the head of the missile into the body of a whale,
the member is fractured and permits the gas to be discharged
therethrough from the cylinder into the body of the whale.
The invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying
drawings in which:
Fig 1 is a plan view of a whaling missile lPrice 3/6 l according to
the invention; Fig 2 is a front end view of the missile; Fig 3 is a
section taken along the line III-III of Fig 1 and drawn to an enlarged
scale; 50 Fig 4 is a section taken along the line IV -IV of Fig 1,
also drawn to an enlarged scale; and Fig 5 is a detail drawn to a
further enlarged scale 55 As shown in Figs 1 to 4, the whaling missile
according to the invention comprises an elongated hollow cylinder or "
bottle " 1 to one end of which is secured a penetration head 2, and to
the other end a tail tube 3 60 adapted to receive the spigot of a
spigot type gun for firing the missile in known manner.
A gas tube 4 (Figs 3 and 4) extends lengthwise axially through the
bottle 1, the wall of the tube being provided with apertures 4 a to 65
permit gas to pass from the bottle to the tube and the forward end of
the tube extending outwardly from the neck 5 (Fig 4) of the bottle to
receive a sleeve 6 secured thereto as by welding The sleeve 6 is
formed with 70 a flange 7 at its rear end adapted to engage a packing
ring 8 seated on the end of the neck 5, and is screw-threaded at its
forward end to engage in a threaded bore in a boss 9 of the
penetration head, a further packing 75 ring 10 being interposed
between the front end of the sleeve 6 and the base of the bore in the
boss 9.
A further bore 11 extends forwardly from the boss 9 axially of the
head and terminates 80 in a portion 12 of reduced diameter opening
into a recess 13 in the front of the head, the said portion 12
receiving the stem of a charging valve 14 for charging the bottle with
gas.
The recess 13 is flared outwardly as at 15 85 to form a sharp annular
edge 16 at the front end or nose of the penetration head.
The said further bore 11 intersects four radially extending bores 17
the outer end of which is screw-threaded to receive one end of 90 a

thin-walled tube or gas release horn 18 closed at its other end and
made of a fracturable material so that upon the penetration head
entering the body of a whale, the tubes 18 will fracture and permit
gas stored under pressure in the bottle 1 to discharge through the gas
tube 4, the bore 11 and the radial bores 17 into the body of the
whale.
In order to ensure the fracture of the tubes 18, the wall of each tube
is weakened adjacent the connection of the tube to the head, by
forming an annular groove 19 in the outer peripheral surface of the
tube.
The rear end of the penetration head 2 is provided with an annular
rearwardly extending flange 20 upon which seats an annular member 21
provided with rearwardly extending barbs 22, the member 21 being
gripped between the head 2 and the forward end of the bottle 1.
The rear end of the gas tube 4 extends through the base of the bottle
1 (Fig 3) and has secured therein as by welding a sleeve 23 extending
rearwardly from the base of the bottle and externally screw-threaded
to engage in a hollow boss 24 of a saddle or stirrup 25 formed to seat
the rounded base of the bottle and embedded in a tapered tailtube
support 26 The saddle 25 is formed with an annular groove surrounding
the boss 24 on the bottle-engaging surface of the saddle, which groove
receives a ring 25 a of a resilient material such as rubber which lies
proud of the groove thereby resiliently to engage the base of the
bottle Thus when the sleeve 23 at the rear end of the gas tube is
screwed into the saddle 25 and the boss 9 of the penetration head is
screwed on to the sleeve 6 at the forward end of the gas tube 404, the
bottle 1 is releasably and resiliently gripped between the saddle 25
and the flange 7 of the sleeve 6, the packing rings 8 and 10 ensuring
a gas-tight connection of the head to the tube 4.
The tail tube 3 is screw-threaded in an end cap 27 embedded in the
rear end of the support 26 and is provided at its rear end with tail
stabilising fins 28.
In the construction of missile shown in the So drawings, the missile
is provided with means for connecting an electric cable to the missile
for causing an electric discharge into the body of a whale as
described in the specification of our co-pending Application No.
55799/55 (Serial No 785,432) For this purpose the penetration head 2,
gas tube 4 and saddle 25 are made of metal, and the tail tube support
26 is made of an electrically insulating material so that the tail
tube 3 is insulated from the saddle 25, tube 4, and head 2 The saddle
25 projects slightly outwvardly at each end from the support 26 to
receive a screw 29 pivotally securing the end of one leg of a U-shaped
electric conductor stirrup 30 to the saddle 25.
The bridge of the stirrup 30 is provided with a screw-threaded boss 31

adapted to receive a nut 32 (Fig 5) for connecting an electric cable
33 to the stirrup.
By providing the tail tube 3 for use with 70 a spigot type gun, the
missile is eminently suitable for firing from an airborne vehicle such
as a helicopter, for example, because the spigot type gun is
substantially free from recoil 75 Other means may be employed for
propelling the missile such as, for example, rocket propulsion.
When the missile penetrates the body of a whale, the gas horns 18
break off at the 80 groove 19 and gas from the bottle is discharged
into the body of the whale The gas may be employed merely for
inflating the body, in which case an inert gas such as carbon dioxide
may be used, or the gas may be 85 employed to produce an
anaesthetizing effect on the whale in which case nitrous oxide gas may
be employed Alternatively, a mixture of an inflating gas and a
paralysing or an anaesthetizing gas may be employed 90 It is found
that the amount of penetration of the missile into the body of the
whale to give the best results is approximately 18 inches and the
missile may be provided with an arrester plate extending outwardly
there 95 from and adapted to engage the body surface to limit the
penetration of the missile to approximately 18 inches.
It will be understood that although the invention has been described
with reference 100 to a missile adapted to be fired from a spigot type
gun and provided with electrical connection means, the invention is
not limited in its application to such a missile and is concerned with
providing a whaling missile 105 with means for discharging gas into
the body of a whale upon penetration of the missile into the body.
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* GB785432 (A)
Description: GB785432 (A)
No title available

Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: Jan 11 1955.
785,432 No 799155.
Index at acceptance:-Class 9 ( 1), A 2 T.
International Classification:-FO 7 f.
Projectiles for Whaling and like Purposes We, Am I WlALlNG LEMITED of
202 Bishlopsgate, London, E C 2, a British Comirparry and AL LN EDGAR
BRISTOW of He Lnstridge Aerodrome, Henstridge, Teinpleeombe, Somerset,
a British Subject, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray
that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by whihel it is to
be performed, to be particularly (lescribed in and 1)b the following
statement:-
T'Ire present invention relates to missiles arld has for an object to
provide a whaling missile having means for connecting thereto an
electric cable for electrifving the missile so that upon penetrating
into the bodl(l of a whale, an electric shock is iml)rtied to the
whale.
e Ceorditin to the invention a missile suitable for killin whales and
other large inanirnal or fish coomprises an electrical noidleat ill
n'mclmer adapteri to make clecricrll contact wvith a body when the
missile penetrates it and means for releasablyi c oiinecting an
electric (eable or other eondu 1 ctor to the missile in elel t ieal
conduei lirr relation with the said member lhe sail or( nlec titinca
means heing releasable after peiretritiiin of the missile inlo t Ire
According to a further teatnre of the invenltioll the missile is
provide(d with a tail tube for firing the missile fromi a spigot gun,
the said tail tuibe being eleetriecallv insulated from the said
(onidie( tingl niember and( the cable connectingfr means.
Aecordin_ to a still further, feature of tie invention the said cable
connecting meanis is adlapted releasahly to connect.
tlhe cbball to the missile.
('onvenien tlv the said electrical cond uctin-g miemiber comprises the
penetration head of the miissile and the said ablle i'nnei'etiig
meanis includes a stirrup exteninr rearwvardly from the missile lPrice
3/61 and pivotally secured thereto, the said stirrup being provided
with means for releasabls securing the cable thereto.
One embodiment of the invention as applied to a gas discharge missile
as 50 described in the specification of our copending Application No

798/535) (Serial No 785,431) will now be described with reference to
the accompanying drawings iin which 5 Fig 1 is a plan view of the
missile; Fig 2 is a front end view thereof; FI'ig 2 is a section taken
along the line TI-JII of Fig 1 and drawn to a larger scale; 60 Fig 4
is a section taken along the line 1 '-_ 1 V of Fig_ 1 and diawvin to
a larger scale, and Fi, 5 is a detail drawn to a further enlarged
scale 65 s will be seen from the drawin-s the whaling missile
according to the invention ompriiiscs a hollowvie icr or 'bottle" 1
having at one end a penetration lh ea(l 2 arid at the other' calr a
support, for a 70 tail tuibe 4 adapted lo reeeive in known oan ner t
Ile spigot of a spigot gun for' firilng tire missile The bottle 1 is
gripped between the peretrottion head A 2 ard t Ihe support 3 by a gas
tribe 5 (Figs 3 and 7,5 4, extenling-n thirough the bottle anmi scre W
tihrea Ied at the rear end into a saddle 6 e Cel)ledlei in thle
Sulpp)i it 2 a Ind at the forwsard end irto the penet Irtion head 2.
Tire perretration headi 2 the tur 5 and 80 the saddle 6 are
constructed of metal so that tre sadldle 6 is electricall connected to
t Ire penetration head 2 1) t Ire t Ibe and the tail tube support) is
mnra I of an elcetrically insulating material therel)v to S insulate
the tail tunbe 4 froml the sadl Ge li.
tine tail tube being, s(rew thlreadeid into a 1 i end cap 7 emniedded
in the rear' enl of' t Ire support 3 Tlre g-as tube 5 a communicates
at the l'orwan'd end w'ith xs hoirrrs 90) 785,432 8 extending radially
outwardly from the penetration head and adapted to discharge gas from
the bottle 1 into the body of a whale in the manner described in the
specification of our aforementioned copending application.
The saddle 6 is provided with two diametrically extending arms 9
projecting outwardly from the peripheral surface of the tail tube
support 3 and each provided with a screw threaded bore 10 adapted to
receive a bolt 11 for pivotally securing to the saddle the legs 12 of
a U-shaped stirrup 113 extending rearwardly from the support 3 beyond
the rear end of the tail tube 4.
The legs 12 comprise tubular metal members wrapped wvith a layer of
electrically insulating material such as for exanmple fibre-glass and
are provided at their free ends with metal lugs 14 apertured to)
receive the bolts 11 The lugs 14 are provided with a conical surface
adapted to seat in a conical recess 15 in the end of tile arms 9 to
provide good electrical contact between the lugs and the arns, and a
spring washer 16 is interposed between the head oi the bolt 11 and the
lug 14 resiliently to engage the lug in the recess 15.
The legs 12 are united at their other end lv a metal bridge member 17
from which extends a hollow boss 1 S externally screw threaded to
receive a nut 19 (Fig.
5) for releasably securing an electric (able 20 to the stirrup 13.

The said electric cable comprises a core 21 of rubber upon which is
braided a con(ductor 22 The braided conductor 22 is covered by a
rubber sheath 23 which in turn is covered by a braided cotton layer 24
upon which is superposed an outer braided or otherwise woven cover 2 5
of nylon or other strong yarn to take the strain oin the caimle.
In connecting the cable to the stirrup 13, the core 21 with the
conductor 22 braided thereon is eniagede in a slightly tapered bore 26
in a metallic plug 27 secured in the boss 1 S in electrical contact
therewith, the b)ore 26 being such as tightly to grip the (ole 21 and
conductor 22 The nut 19 is apertured to embrace a pair of tapered
cable "I'ips 2 S adapted to grip the outer cover 25 of the cable to
anchor the cable firmly to the stirrup 13 lpon tightening of the nut
19 on the boss S I Between the cable grips 28 and the open end of the
boss 1 S is all apertured disc-like membem' 29 adapted to seat In o 1
Ie face onl tle open end of the boss 18 and hav ing formed on 1 its
other face a eolncavelv e'llvred projection surrounding the aperture A
further apel'tured dlisclike member 30 adapted to be engaged by the
cable grips 28 is formed with a convex rounded surface surrounding the
aperture and matching the curvature of the projection on the member 29
The end of the rubber sheath 23) is outwardly 70 flared as at 31 and
engagled betwveen the disc-like members 29 and 30 so that upon
tightening, of the nut 19 the flared end 31 of the sheath 73 is
firmlly gripped between the said disc-like members and 75 provides a
water-tihlit seal between the stirrup 17 and the cable 20.
The conductor 22 is thus connected at one end through the plug 27, the
stirrup 13, lugts 14, saddle 6 and the tube to 80 the penetration head
2 so that by colmiceting the other end of the conductor' to a suitable
source of electric power, al leio -v shock is imparted to a whale upon
peclltrationi of the missile into the lu Ic's 85 bodl v.
In an alternative conmstilletitoll of thle stirrup 13, the tubular
legs 12 do not themselves conduct current b)uit serve to house
insulated electric conductors extend 90 in, there-through and
connecting the pluig 27 to the lgs 14.
Fl'e missile is especially suitable for fiinlg from an airborne
vehiele such as a helicopter for example since with a spigot 95 gun
there is substantially no recoil Other means sul'h as for example,
rocket propulsion may alternatively be employed for propelling the
missile.
It will be understood that although the 100 invention has been
described with reference to a gas discharge type of whaling missile
adapted for firing from a spigot type (un, the invention is not
limited in its application to S 51 e 1 missile 105 and is concerned
with the provision of a whaling missile which can he onllneeteld to a
source of electric power for imparting all electric shock to a wlhale

spon l)enetiatioll of the missile into the b 1 od 1 y of the 110
whale.
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* 5.8.23.4; 93p

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