Effects of continued intensification of food production

1. Food Resources
Gateway 2
Part 2

2. Human factors affecting intensity
of food production & supply
Social factors
Economic factors
Political factors
Technological factors

3. Social Factors
 Land tenure is a system of allocating and
occupying agricultural land.
Farmers do not own the land
Farmers pay a sum of money or crops to gain
access to use of land
Farmers only wish to maximise short term
profits.
Farmers lack incentives to make improvements
to their land.

4. Social Factors
Land fragmentation:
The division of land into many smaller plots
over successive generations of farmers.
What is the disadvantage of this system?

5. Economic Factors:
Purpose of farming
 Type of farming system
 Subsistence farming Vs Commerical farming
 How does the different type of farming
system affect the intensity of food
production?

6. Economic Factors:
Purpose of farming
 Demand
 What factors determine the demand for a
crop?
 Eg: Increase in cultivation of coffee and tea

7. Economic Factors:
Purpose of farming
 Advantages of free trade
 More competitively priced food products
 More variety for consumers
 Disadvantages of free trade
 LDCs more dependent on cheaper imported food
 Discourage the growth of local food industry

8. Economic Factors:
Agribusiness
 Large farming companies which are involved
with most industries along a food supply
chain.

9. Economic Factors:
Agribusiness
 Advantages:
 Investment in research and development of food
crops
 Able to withstand environmental changes. Eg:
flood, drought, pests
 Greater financial capacity to absorb losses
 Disadvantages:
 Competition for small-scale farmers

10. Political Factors:
 Government policies:
 Plan of action by the government
 Eg: Agricultural policyPunjab Agricultural
Department started an education programme for
its wheat farmers.
 Eg: Food policyImporting food from diversed
food sources, Stockpiling

11. Political Factors:
 Regional organisations
 Eg: ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian
Nations)
 Oct 2011, ASEAN signed an agreement with
China, Japan and South Korea to ensure food
security for it members.
 Eg: CAP of the EU ( Common Agricultural Policy
of the European Union)
 Encourage better agricultural productivity
 Ensure consumers have stable and affordable
food supply
 Encourage sustainable farming practices.

12. Factors affecting productivity
 Economic Factors:
 Capital
 Study the two
photographs and
describe the benefits of
the technology use

13. Technological factors
 Green revolution
 The rapid increase in the productivity of
agriculture through the use of science and
technology
 Spread worldwide in 1960
 Characterised by
 High Yielding varieties (HYVs)
 Use of chemicals
 Improved Irrigation
 Mechanisation

14. HYVs
 Improved strains of crops that have an
increased growth rate
 Characteristics
 Increased resistance to pest and diseases
 Ability to grown within shorter growing season
 Require more water and nutrients

15. Use of chemicals
 Fertilisers to provide nutrients for healthy
plant growth
 Pesticides to kill insects and small animals
that destroy crops
 Herbicides used to kill weeds and other
undesirable plants that compete with the
crops for resources

17. Irrigation and mechanisation
 Irrigation is the method of supplying water to
the land through artificial means.
 Eg: Underground pipes, canals, wells,
reservoirs
 Mechanisation is the use of advanced
machinery on the farm to reduce farm labour.
 Eg: Combined harvester

18. Machinery
Irrigation

19. Technological factors
 Genetically Modified food
 Food derived from crops that had their genetic
make-up modified.
 Eg: Golden rice infused with Vitamin A to prevent
blindness
 Eg: Bt-corn infused with a natural pesticide (Bt) to
protect the crop from pest